Em Practical Journal Paper i 13 - 15 Batch (1)

EXPERIMENT NO. 1AIM:

To control one lamp from two places in casing capping

LAY OUT DIAGRAM:

WIRING DIAGRAM:

APPARATUS:

1 casing Capping (1/2)x(1/2) 3 feet2 Batten Holder 5A, 240V 1 NO.3 Single pole double throw

switch5A, 240V 2 Nos

4 Single p.v.c wire (1/18) 12 feet5 Square Box - 1 NO.6 Gang Box - 2 NO.7 Screws (1/2) 12 Nos8 Screws (2) 6 Nos

TOOLS:1. Hammer2. Screw Driver3. Poker4. Combination Pliers5. Hack-Saw Blade6. Drill Machine7. Electrician knife

PROCEDURE:1. Cut the casing and capping to the required length i.e. 6 inches

per pieces.2. Fix the casing on the wooden board with (1/2) inch screw as per

the lay out diagram. Twoscrews are used per arm of the layoutdiagram.

3. Place the wires as per the wiring diagram, leaving about sixinches at the ends.

4. Fix the gang boxes with switches as per as the diagram at thebottom and square box at the top for the batten holder.

5. Test the wiring for proper working.

WORKING:

The lamp glows if both the switches are in the bottom or top position.Blub will not glow if one switch is in the top and the other switch is inthe bottom position.

CONCLUSION:

This type of wiring is used in staircases; hence it is called as staircasewiring.

EXPERIMENTNO.2Aim:

To control one lamp from two different places in P.V.C conduit.

Wiring Diagram:

Layout Diagram

Apparatus:

Sr No. Apparatus Ratings Quantity1 P.V.C Conduit 3 feet2 Batten Holder(PVC) 5A, 250V 1 No.3 Single Pole Double Throw Switch5A, 250V 2 Nos.4 Single PVC1 wire 1/18 3.5 feet5 Saddles 12 Nos.6 Junction Box One way 1 No.7 Junction Box Three way 2 Nos.8 Junction Box angle 1 No.9 Gang Box - 2 Nos.10 Screws 35mm*8mm 4 Nos.11 Screws 25mm*8mm 24 Nos.12 Screws 15mm*8mm 6 Nos.

Tools:

1. Poker2. Screw Driver3. Tester4. Combination Pliers5. Hacksaw Blade6. Electricians knife7. Drill machine8. Hammer.

Procedure:

1. Cut the conduits to the required length i.e. 6 per price.2. Fix the conduits on a wooden board along with the saddles with

25mm*8mm screws.

3. Fix the junction boxes as shown in the diagram on the wooden boardwith 15mmx8mm screws.

4. Pass the wires in the conduit as shown in the diagram. Care should betaken to leave at least 6 inches of wire at the ends to help inconnections.

5. Place wires in the casing. Care should be taken to leave 6 inches ofwire at the ends to help in connection.

6. Connect the batten holder and theswitches as shown in the diagram.Care should be taken that wires are straight and dont touch each otherwhile mounting.

7. Fix the gang box on the wooden board with 35mmx8mm screws.8. Text the wiring after completion with a series test lamp.

Working:

The lamp glows if both the switches are in the bottom or topposition. It

does not glow if one switch is in the top and the other switch is inthe

bottom position.

Conclusion: This type of wiring is used in staircases and is calledas staircase

wiring.

EXPERIMENT NO 3

Aim:

To control two lamps from two places independently in casing capping.

Wiring Diagram:

Layout Diagram

Apparatus:

Sr No. Apparatus Ratings Quantity1 Casing and Capping (PVC) (1/2)*(1/2) 3 feet2 Batten Holder. 5A, 250V 2 Nos.3 Single Pole Single Throw Switch 5A, 250V 2 Nos.4 Single PVC wire 1/18 10 feet5 Square Boxes (PVC) 2 2 Nos.6 Gang Box - 12 Nos.7 Screws 1/2" 12 Nos.8 Screws 2 8 Nos.

Tools:

1. Poker2. Screw Driver3. Tester4. Combination Pliers5. Hacksaw Blade6. Electricians knife7. Hammer8. Drill Machine.

Procedure:

1. Cut the casing and capping to the required length i.e. 6 per price.2. Fix the capping on a wooden board with a (1/2) inch screw per the

layout diagram. Two screws are used per arm of the diagram.3. Please note that notch is made on the casing at the point where the wire branches

out.4. Place the wires as per the layout diagram, leaving about six inches at the ends.5. Fix the gang boxes with the switches as per the diagram at the bottom and square

box at the top for the batten holder6. Test the wiring for proper working.

Working:

Each lamps glow if the corresponding switch is in ON position only.

1. Lamp L1 is ON when s1 is ON L1 is off when s1 is off.2. Lamp L1 is ON when s2 is ON L2 is off when s2 is off.

Conclusion:This type of wiring is used in every domestic house where thereare more than one lights/ fans in parallel.

EXPERIMENT NO .4Aim:

To control two lamps from two places independently in p.v.c. conduit.

Wiring Diagram:

Layout Diagram

Apparatus:

Sr No. Apparatus Ratings Quantity1 P.V.C. conduit 3/4 5 feet2 Batten Holder(PVC) 5A, 250V 2 Nos.3 Single Pole Double Throw Switch5A, 250V 2 Nos.4 Single p.v.c wire 1/18 4 feet5 Saddles 6 Nos.6 Junction Box 4 way 1 No.7 Junction box 3 way 1 No.8 Gang Box - 2 Nos.9 Screws 35mm*8mm 4 Nos.10 Screws 25mm*8mm 8 Nos.11 Screws 15mm*8mm 12 Nos.

Tools:

1. Poker.2. Screw Driver.3. Tester.4. Combination Pliers.5. Hacksaw Blade.6. Electricians knife.7. Drill machine.8. Hammer.

Procedure:


25mm*8mm screws.

3. Fix the junction boxes as shown in the diagram on the woodenboard with 15mm*8mm screws.

4. Pass the wires in the conduit as shown in the diagram. Care shouldbe taken to leave at least 6 inches of wire at the ends to help inconnections.


6. Connect the batten holder and the switches as shown in the diagram.Care should be taken that wires are straight and dont touch eachother while mounting.

7. Fix the gang box on the wooden board with 35mm*8mm screws.8. Text the wiring after completion with a series test lamp.

Working: Each lamp is controlled by separate switch when ON &does not if the respective switch is Off.

1. Lamp L1 is ON when s1 is ON L1 is off when s1 is off.2. Lamp L2 is ON when s2 is ON L2 is off when s2 is off.

Conclusion: This wiring is used for domestic purpose.

EXPERIMENT NO 5

Aim:

To carry out go-down wiring in casing capping

Wiring Diagram:

Layout Diagram:

Apparatus:

Sr No. Apparatus Ratings Quantity1 Casing and Capping (PVC) 1/2x 1/2 5 feet2 Button Holder(PVC) 5A, 250V 3 Nos.3 Single Pole Double Throw Switch5A, 250V 2 Nos.4 Single Pole Single Throw Switch5A, 250V 1 Nos.5 Single PVC wire 1/18 15 feet6 Square Boxes (PVC) - 3 Nos.7 Gang Box - 3 Nos.8 Screws 35mmx8mm 6 Nos.9 Screws 25mmx8mm 36 Nos.10 Screws 15mmx8mm 6 Nos.11 Joints 3 way 1 No.12 Joints 4 way 2 Nos.

Tools:

1) Poker2) Screw Driver3) Tester5) Combination Pliers6) Hacksaw Blade7) Electricians knife8) HammerProcedure:

1. Get the casing and capping to the required length i.e. 6 per price.2. Fix the capping on a wooden board with a 15mm*8mm screw. Before fixing the

capping a hole should be made with poker on capping and on the board.

3. Place wires in the casing. Care should be taken to leave 6 inches of wire at theends to help in connection.

4. Cover the casing with capping by pressing one against the other.5. Pass the wires through the square boxes and gang boxes for connecting to the

batten holder and switch resp.6. Fix the square box on the board with 35mm*8mm screws.7. Connect the batten holder and switches as shown. Care should be taken that wires

are straight and dont touch each other.8. Fix the batten holder and switches on the square box and gang box with

25mm*8mm screws.9. Text the wiring after completion with a series test lamp.

Working:

1. Lamp L1 is controlled by s1 when on + s2(T), lamps L2 & L3 off.2. Lamp L2 is controlled by s1 when on + s2(B) + s3 (T), lamps L1 & L3 off.3. Lamp L3 is controlled by s1 when on + s(B) + s(T).

Conclusion:

This type of wiring is used in go-down having more than one room.

EXPERIMENT NO. 6

Aim:

To carry out go-down wiring in p.v.c. conduit.

Wiring Diagram:

Layout Diagram

Apparatus:

Sr No. Apparatus Ratings Quantity1 P.V.C. conduit 3/4 5 feet2 Batten Holder(PVC) 5A, 250V 3 Nos.3 Single Pole Double Throw Switch 5A, 250V 2 Nos.4 Single Pole Single Throw Switch 5A, 250V 1 Nos.5 Single p.v.c wire 1/18 15 feet6 Saddles 18 Nos.7 Junction Box One way 3 No.8 Junction box Four way 2 No.9 Junction Box Angle 1 No.10 Gang Box - 3 Nos.11 Screws 35mmx8mm 6 Nos.12 Screws 25mmx8mm 36 Nos.13 Screws 15mmx8mm 6 Nos.

Tools:

1. Poker2. Screw Driver3. Tester4. Combination Pliers5. Hacksaw Blade6. Electricians knife7. Drill machine8. Hammer.

Procedure:

1. Cut the conduits to the required length i.e. 6 per price.2. Fix the conduits on a wooden board along with the saddles with 25mm*8mm

screws.

3. Fix the junction boxes as shown in the diagram on the wooden board with15mm*8mm screws.

4. Pass the wires in the conduit as shown in the diagram. Care should be taken toleave at least 6 inches of wire at the ends to help in connections.

5. Place wires in the casing. Care should be taken to leave 6 inches of wire at theends to help in connection.

6. Connect the batten holder and the switches as shown in the diagram. Careshould be taken that wires are straight and dont touch each other whilemounting.


Working:

1. Lamp L1 is controlled by s1 when on + s2(T), lamps L2 & L3 off.2. Lamp L2 is controlled by s1 when on + s2(B) + s3 (T), lamps L1 & L3 off.3. Lamp L3 is controlled by s1 when on + s2(B) + s3(B), lamps L1 and L2 off.

Conclusion:

This type of wiring is used in go-down containing more than one room.

EXPERIMENT NO 7

Aim:

To control lamp, 5A Socket and ceiling rose independently fromdifferent switches in casing capping.

Wiring Diagram:

Layout Diagram

Apparatus:

Sr No. Apparatus Ratings Quantity1 Casing and Capping (PVC) (1/2)*(1/2) 3 feet2 Batten Holder. 5A, 250V 2 Nos.3 Ceiling rose 1 Nos.4 Socket 5A 1 Nos.5 Single Pole Single Throw Switch 5A, 250V 3 Nos.6 Single PVC wire 1/18 10 feet7 Square Boxes (PVC) 2 3 Nos.8 Gang Box - 12 Nos.9 Screws 1/2" 12 Nos.10 Screws 2 8 Nos.

Tools:


Procedure:





Working:

Lamp, Ceiling rose and 5A socket will work if the corresponding switches arein ON position only.

Conclusion:

This type of wiring is used in domestic wiring.


To control lamp, 5A Socket and ceiling rose independentlyfrom different switches in p.v.c. conduit.

Wiring Diagram:

Layout Diagram

Apparatus:

Sr No. Apparatus Ratings Quantity1 PVC conduit (1/2)*(1/2) 3 feet2 Batten Holder. 5A, 250V 2 Nos.3 Ceiling rose 1 Nos.4 Socket 5A 1 Nos.5 Single Pole Single Throw Switch5A, 250V 3 Nos.6 Single PVC wire 1/18 10 feet7 Square Boxes (PVC) 2 3 Nos.8 Gang Box - 12 Nos.9 Screws 1/2" 12 Nos.10 Screws 2 8 Nos.

Tools:


Procedure:


25mm*8mm screws.




6. Connect the batten holder and the switches as shown in the diagram.Care should be taken that wires are straight and dont touch eachother while mounting.

7. Fix the gang box on the wooden board with 35mm*8mm screws.8. Test the wiring after completion with a series test lamp.

Working:

Lamp, Ceiling rose and 5A socket will work if the correspondingswitches are in ON position only.

Conclusion:

This wiring is used in domestic wiring.

EXPERIMENT NO 9

Aim:

To control three lamps from three places independently in casing capping.

Wiring Diagram:

Layout Diagram

Apparatus:

Sr No. Apparatus Ratings Quantity1 Casing and Capping (PVC) (1/2)*(1/2) 3 feet2 Batten Holder. 5A, 250V 3 Nos.3 Single Pole Single Throw Switch 5A, 250V 3 Nos.4 Single PVC wire 1/18 10 feet5 Square Boxes (PVC) 2 3 Nos.6 Gang Box - 3 Nos.7 Screws 1/2" 12 Nos.8 Screws 2 8 Nos.

Tools:


Procedure:





Working:

Each lamps glow if the corresponding switch is in ON position only.

1. Lamp L1 is ON when s1 is ON L1is off when s1 is off.2. Lamp L1 is ON when s2 is ON L2 is off when s2 is off.

Conclusion: This type of wiring is used in every domestic house where thereare more than one lights/ fans in parallel.


To control three lamps from three places independently in P.V.C. conduit.

Wiring Diagram:

Layout Diagram

Apparatus:

Sr No. Apparatus Ratings Quantity1 P.V.C. conduit 3/4 5 feet2 Batten Holder(PVC) 5A, 250V 3 Nos.3 Single Pole Double Throw Switch5A, 250V 3 Nos.4 Single p.v.c wire 1/18 5 feet5 Saddles 8 Nos.6 Junction Box 4 way 2 No.7 Junction box 3 way 2 No.8 Gang Box - 3 Nos.9 Screws 35mm*8mm 4 Nos.10 Screws 25mm*8mm 8 Nos.11 Screws 15mm*8mm 12 Nos.

Tools:


Procedure:


25mm*8mm screws.




6. Connect the batten holder and the switches as shown in thediagram. Care should be taken that wires are straight and donttouch each other while mounting.


Working:

Each lamp is controlled by separate switch when ON & does not ifthe respective switch is Off.

1. Lamp L1 is ON when s1 is ON L1 is off when s1 is off.2. Lamp L2 is ON when s2 is ON L2 is off when s2 is off.3. Lamp L3 is ON when s3 is ON L2 is off when s2 is off.

Conclusion: This wiring is used for domestic purpose.


To Prepare a 8x 6 two point extension board

WIRING DIAGRAM:

LAYOUT DIAGRAM:

APPARATUS:

SRNO.

APPARATUS RATINGS QUANTITY

1 PVC board 8 X 6 1 NO.2 Fuse 5A, 250V 1NO.3 Single Pole single throw switch 5A, 250V 2NO.4 Three pin socket 5A, 250V 2 NO.5 Screws 25mm X 8mm 10 NO.6 Indicting Lamp 5A,250v 1NO.7 Flexible Wires A s required

TOOLS:

1) Hammer2) Screw Driver3) Tester4) Poker5) Combination PliersPROCEDURE:

1) Place the accessories as shown in the diagram.2) Mark the holes of the accessories with the poker.3) Drill the holes for inserting the wires and make guide holes for mounting theaccessories.

4) Do the connection as shown in the diagram.WORKING:

Each socket is controlled by separate switch independently

CONCLUSIONThis circuit is used in extension board for providing extension of supply fornumber of purposes.


To Prepare an 8x 6 series parallel testing board

WIRING DIAGRAM:

LAYOUT DIAGRAM:

APPARATUS:

SRNO.

APPARATUS RATINGS QUANTITY

1 PVC board 8 X 6 1 NO.2 Fuse 5A, 250V 1NO.3 Single Pole single throw switch 5A, 250V 2NO.4 Three pin socket 5A, 250V 2 NO.5 Screws 25mm X 8mm 10 NO.6 Indicating Lamp 5A,250v 1NO.7 Batten holder 5A 1 NO.8 Bulb 60W 1 NO.9 Flexible Wires A s required

TOOLS:

1) Hammer2) Screw Driver3) Tester4) Poker5) Combination PliersTHEORY:

Whenever an appliance is tested for repairing one has to apply voltage. In thebeginning the lamp is in series with appliance, if the performance is satisfied theappliance is connected in parallel. The voltage across the appliance depends on thewattage of the lamp that is higher the wattage less the voltage across the appliance.

PROCEDURE

1) Place the accessories as shown in the diagram.2) Mark the holes of the accessories with the poker.3) Drill the holes for inserting the wires and make guide holes for mounting theaccessories.

4) Do the connection as shown in the diagram.WORKING:

In these one socket is connected in series and another socket is connected directly

CONCLUSION

This circuit is used in testing the electrical appliance and for testing the electricalwiring.

EXPERIMENT NO 13

Aim:

To Study fluorescent tube .

Circuit Diagram:

Apparatus:

Sr No. Apparatus Ratings Quantity1 Fluorescent tube 12 Voltmeter 0-300V 13 Ammeter 0-1A 14 Wires As required

Tools:

1. Tester2. Combination Pliers

Theory:

A fluorescent lamp generates light from collisions in a hot gas (plasma) offree accelerated electronwith atoms typically mercury in which electrons arebumped up to higher energy levels and then fall back while emitting at two UVemission lines (254 nmand 185 nm). The thus created UV radiation is thenconverted into visible light by UV excitation of a fluorescent coating on theglass envelope of the lamp. The chemical composition of this coating isselected to emit in a desired spectrum.

It consists of the following parts:

Tube:

It is a long tube sealed at either ends with electrodes, the inside of it beingcoated with fluorescent powder called phosphors. The colour of light dependson the type of phosphor. Phosphor is used to convert ultraviolet light produceddue to the collision of an electron with a neutral atom to visible light. The tubecontains a mercury and argon gas. Mercury being in solid form argon gas isused for conduction at starting and as temperature of the lamp increasesmercury get vaporized and takes over the conduction. The electrodes are madeof tungsten and coated with an electron emitting material. A choke coil andstarter is connected in series with the tube.

Starter:

It is neon bulb with two electrodes with a condenser across them to minimizeradio interference and is used at starting only. When the supply is connected, apotential difference is created across the ends of the starter causing the gas in itto get ionized. At this instant electron are emitted from the electrodes of thetube, due to this the p.d at the starter falls to zero. This induces a high voltagein the choke which is fed back to the circuit. This continues for a number oftimes between the two ends of the tubes causing the tube to start glowing.

Choke:

It is a coil, and is connected in series. Function of the choke is to produce ahigh voltage in it when circuit is interrupted during starting and act as ballast inrunning condition.

Procedure:

1) Connect the circuit as shown in the diagram2) Measure the voltage across the supply, tube and choke

Observation Table

SrNo.

Voltage acrosssupply

(V1)

Voltage acrosstube

(V2)

Voltage acrosschoke coil

(V3)

Current inthe circuit

(I1)1)

Formulae:

Power consumed by total circuit = V1 I1Cos watts

Power consumed by choke = V3 I1Cos watts

Power consumed by tube= V2 I1Cos watts

Calculation: (on white page)Conclusion:

The tube light is an inductive circuit and its power factor is lagging, the valueof the angle depends on the inductance of the choke coil.

EXPERIMENT NO. 14Aim:

To study Electric iron and to perform continuity and leakage test

Circuit Diagram:

Apparatus

Sr No. Apparatus Ratings Quantity1 Electric Iron 240V,1000W 1

2 Bulb 200W 1

3 Connecting Wires As Required

Tools

1. Tester2. Combination Pliers

3. Screw driver

Theory:

Parts of an iron

Base Plate :

The base plate is coated with chrome so that it moves smoothly over the clothes

Heating Element :-

Above the base plate the heating element is placed. The element is made of a flatnichrome wire wound on a mica sheet made in two halves. The elements issandwiched between two mica sheet. Mica is used as it is a good insulator , it is agood conductor of heat, can be manufactured in thin sheets and can with stand hightemperature.

Asbestos:-

Above the element is thin sheet of asbestos. Asbestos is used as it is a good insulator,bad conductor of heat that is it does not allow the heat to radiate above the element.

Pressure Plate:-

Above the asbestos sheet is the pressure plate, it is made of cast iron and is heavierthen the base plate. The pressure plate holds the element firmly to the base plate.

Handle and Thermostat:-

Above the pressure plate is the handle, a thermostat is used to control the temperatureautomatically to the set value. The body is grounded to prevent the operator fromshock.

Procedure:

Continuity Test:

Connect the lamp in series with the heating element. If the bulb glows with normalbrightness the element is short. If the bulb does not glow element is open and if bulbglows dim the appliances is okay.

Leakage Test:

Connect the lamp for the leakage test as shown in the diagram. If the bulb glows theinsulation between the element and body is poor and if the bulb does not glow theinsulation is okay.

Conclusion:

Hence we have tested the electric iron for leakage and continuity test.

EXPERIMENT 1.pdfEXPERIMENT 2.pdfEXPERIMENT 3.pdfEXPERIMENT 4.pdfEXPERIMENT 5.pdfEXPERIMENT 6.pdfEXPERIMENT 7.pdfEXPERIMENT 8.pdfEXPERIMENT 9.pdfEXPERIMENT 10.pdfEXPERIMENT 11.pdfEXPERIMENT 12.pdfEXPERIMENT 13.pdfEXPERIMENT 14.pdf

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Em Practical Journal Paper i 13 - 15 Batch (1)