E.M. Forster

Edward Morgan (E.M.) Forster is a British writer who was born in London 1879.

E.M. Forster is regarded as one of the leading English writers of the twentieth century. He was an English novelist, short story writer, essayist, and literary criticism.

■ Forster grew up in London, England .

■ He attended Cambridge University and received his B.A.

Childhood home, Rooksnest

Childhood home, Rooksnest

■ Then he became a member of Bloomsbury group, with Virginia Woolf, were writers and artists in revolt against old-fashioned ideas.

His novels:

■ He is best-known for five novels during his lifetime,

 year published novel

)1905( 1 /Where Angels Fear to Tread

)1907( 2 /The Longest Journey

)1908( 3 /A Room with a View )1910( 4 /Howard's End

)1924( 5 /A passage to India

After his death

)1971 ( Maurice

● Although Forster published no novels after A Passage to India, he continued to write short stories and essays until his death in (1970).

● He published several anthologies, two collections of short stories, a collection of poetry, essays, non-fiction works and literary criticism as in his book

Aspects of the Novel (1953)

:Key themes

● His works display his acute awareness of the social and political problems of his time and his belief in the power of human connection.

:Key themes

● He explored the emotional and sensual deficiencies of the English middle class, developing his themes by means of irony, wit and he noted for his use of symbolism as a technique in his novels.

● He enjoyed freedom of intellectual discussions and .personal connections and relationships

His death:

Forster died in 1970 at the age of 91.

Forster's major concern was that individuals should connect the prose with the passion within themselves .

A Passage to India Summar

y

The novel takes place primarily in Chandrapore, nearby the Marabar caves. The main character of the novel is Dr. Aziz, a Moslem doctor in Chandrapore . Aziz visits a local Islamic temple where he meets Mrs. Moore, an elderly British woman visiting her son, Mr. Heaslop, who is the City Magistrate. Back at the club, Mrs. Moore meets her companion, Adela Quested, who will likely marry her son. Adela complains that they have seen nothing of India, but rather English customs replicated abroad.

Mr. Turton, the Collector, proposes having a Bridge Party (to bridge the gulf between east and west). For Adela and Mrs. Moore, the Bridge Party was a failure, for only a select few of the English guests behave well toward the Indians. Among these is Mr. Fielding, the schoolmaster at the Government College, who suggests that Adela meet Aziz. Mrs. Moore scolds her son for being impolite to the Indians. Fielding's invites Aziz to a Tea Party , Aziz accepts the invitation to the party along with Adela, Mrs. Moore, and Professor Godbole. During the Tea Party that appears to be the opposite to the Bridge Party, and where everyone has a good time, they discuss the Marabar Caves. Aziz plans a picnic to the Caves for Miss Quested and Mrs. Moore, and Mr. Fielding.

Aziz plans the expedition to the Marabar Caves, considering every detail. Although Aziz, Adela and Mrs. Moore arrive to the train station on time, Fielding and Godbole miss the train. After they reach the caves, and start exploring, Mrs. Moore decides she must leave the cave immediately. Aziz and Adela explore the caves. Adela leaves Aziz, Aziz searches for her, but only finds her broken field glasses. Finally he finds Fielding, who arrived at the cave in Miss Derek's care, but he does not know where Adela is. When the group returns to Chandrapore, Aziz is arrested for assaulting Adela. Fielding believes that Aziz is innocent. Mrs. Moore wishes to leave India, and Ronny agrees.

After Dr. Aziz was found innocent in a court of law, he claims that he is fully anti-British now.

Then, Fielding tells Aziz that Mrs. Moore is dead. Adela decides to leave India and not marry Ronny and so she does. Aziz hears rumors and begins to

suspect that Fielding had an affair with Adela. Because of this suspicion, the friendship between Aziz and Fielding begins to cool. Fielding himself leaves Chandrapore to travel, while Aziz remains convinced that Fielding will marry Adela Quested,

his enemy. Nevertheless, Aziz goes to the guest house where Fielding stays after he comes back to India, and finds Ralph Moore there. After Aziz

finds out that Fielding actually married Mrs. Moors daughter and not Adela the ill will between Aziz and Fielding fully dissipates. However, they realize that they can’t really be friends again till the British leave India and be no more the rulers

there.

The party turns out to be awkward, thanks to the English feeling of superiority which comes out of

imperialism, the Burton’s awful hosting manners , and also due to the language, religion

and culture barriers between the Indians and English people.

The tea party:It’s an unconventional party where formalities are ruled out. In the tea party everyone has a good time conversing about India. Fielding and Dr. Aziz became good friends. There’s an invitation from dr. Aziz to the Marabar caves. Ronny arrives and rudely breaks up the party.

The court scene: It reflects the injustice of the British as practiced in India, but finally the truth

is known, and Dr. Aziz wins.

Huda Saleh Qashqary Sarah Salem Al-QurashiNora Hasan Al-GbeshiRokeya Sadeg