elsaddik @ site.uottawa.ca abed @ mcrlab.uottawaelsaddik/abedweb/teaching/elg5121/pdf/2x03... · ¾Smaller, lighter PC, ... ¾Net attached Consumer Electronics and Gaming appliances

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101_Introduction © elsaddik

Multimedia Communications

Multimedia Technologies & Applications

Prof. Dr. Abdulmotaleb El SaddikMultimedia Communications Research LaboratorySchool of Information Technology and Engineering

University of OttawaOttawa, Ontario, Canada

elsaddik @ site.uottawa.caabed @ mcrlab.uottawa.ca

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Content

1. Today’s Trends2. Levels of Mobility3. Wireless Networking Revolution4. Bluetooth5. IEEE 802.156. HomeRF7. IEEE 802.11

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The Dream

Dream Networking One network - No configuration Nomadic networking Always-on networking secure networks that scale

The Connected HomeNo Pain NetworkingThe Home as a platformRedefining Entertainment

Weaving the User to User webClick to communicate Multimedia Collaboration Presence

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Trends in Computing

Moore’s Law still going strongSmaller, more computing devices every 18 months

Miniaturization continues100Gb per square inch hard disk density128MB memory on a single chip

Dramatic innovation towards longer battery time Low power CPUs from Intel, AMD, etc…Long Live Cell battery

Smaller, lighter PC, PDA, phone designs enabling new networking scenarios

TVs on Cell phones (Vision), Wearable computers, digital cash, eBooks

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Trends in Applications

SUN J2EE, W3C-XML, MS-.Netrevolution leading to web services

“Presence” a paradigm shift in Real Time Communications and CollaborationNet attached Consumer Electronics and Gaming appliances emergingApplications assuming always on connectivity

anytime, anywhere, anyhow accessibilityTerminal, Personal & Session mobility

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Levels of MobilityTerminal mobility

end-device has a unique identifier communication independent from location realized by radio networks mechanisms: handover, location managementenables the user to utilize services from both stationary end-devices or from mobile end-devices

Individual mobility Concept realized by UPT (Universal Personal Telecommunication)

participant has a number identifying him uniquelycommunication independent from location and end-device participant can use any end-device to receive and to issue calls

Session mobilityparticipant can interrupt his session and later on continue at a different location

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Wireless & Mobile CommunicationTerminology

wireless communication, radio communications networkmobility / mobile communication

Note Wireless Communication # mobile Communication

Access MediaConnectionto net

mobile telephonye.g. laptop in the car PDA at customer site

mobile IPe.g. laptop in the hotel

Mobile

WirelessWired

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Wireless Networking Revolution

FixedData

MobileVoice

Mobility with

NetworkConnectivity

(Data + Voice)

Past Paradigms

Present Demand

“3G” WWANLicensed Bands

WLANUnlicensed Bands

• Personal mobility• High data rate• Incremental infrastructure• Start 1998

• Full mobility• Modest data rate• All new infrastructure• Start 2001

Local Area- On campus- At home

Wide Area- On the road

Future Solutions

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Wireless Technology

PAN Bluetoothinfrared systems (IR-LAN)Digital European Cordless Telecommunication (DECT)

LANHomeRFWiFi - wireless fidelity - (802.11b)

WANGSMGPRSWCDMA / UMTSMobile IP

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Bluetooth Primer

Low-power, short-range “cable replacement” 721 Kbps10 metersvoice and data support

Perfect for mobile devices small, low power, and low cost (Goal: $5

parts cost), but good performanceInterconnecting a computer and peripherals

Clear the snake’s nest behind the desk!Interconnecting various handheld devices

Laptop computer, cell phone, palmtopPreplanning of network is impractical

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Bluetooth Primer

Likely defacto standard for low cost wirelessNine Promoters: IntelIntel, IBM, IBM, EricssonEricsson, NokiaNokia, Toshiba, Toshiba, LucentLucent, , MotorolaMotorola, , 3COM3COM, , MicrosoftMicrosoft>1,900 Bluetooth SIG members>1,900 Bluetooth SIG members: Compaq, Dell, Motorola, Qualcomm, Psion, Xircom, Philips, Texas Instruments, Sony, Sprint PCS, Seiko-Epson, Conexant, BMW, Puma, NEC, Saab, Starfish, Casio, NTT DoCoMo, Boeing, Bang & Olafsen...

Intended to be embedded in other devicesWide array of applications

Wireless peripheralsWireless personal area network (PAN)Light access to LAN and WAN

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What does Bluetooth do for you & me?

Personal AdPersonal Ad--hoc hoc

ConnectivityConnectivity

Cable Cable ReplacementReplacement

Landline

Data/Voice Access PointsData/Voice Access Points

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Bluetooth Penetration by Device Type

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

BluetoothPenetration

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

NotebookPalmCellphone

Sources: IDC, Strategis, Ericsson and 3Com

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Usage scenarios: Headset

Wireless Freedom…

User benefitsMultiple device access Cordless phone benefitsHand’s free operation

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Usage scenarios: Synchronization

Sharing Common Data…

User benefitsProximity synchronizationEasily maintained databaseCommon information database

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Usage scenarios: Data access points

PSTN, ISDN,PSTN, ISDN,LAN, WAN, xDSLLAN, WAN, xDSL

Remote Connections...

User benefitsNo more connectors Easy internet accessCommon connection experience

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Wireless Positioning

Bluetooth

Person Space: Office, Room, Briefcase, Pocket,

Car

Short Range/Low Power

Voice AND Data

Low-cost

Small form factor

Many Co-located Nets

Universal Bridge

CellularOff-Campus Global

Coverage

On-campus: Office, School, Airport,

Hotel, Home

PAN

WLANWLAN

InternetInternet

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Deja Vu: Remember Infra-Red?A short-range wireless technology: a couple of meters Low-cost, reasonable data rate: 4 MBit/s (IRDA 2.0)Pushed by Hewlett-PackardMost laptops adopted itLots of cellphones and most palmtops have itBut no software for general connectivityEven HP printers don’t have IR ports!MORAL: a very nonlinear process

Value is low until most devices have it (cf. adoption of fax)People won’t bother with it until probability of benefit is high

+ cheap technology+ no license required - low transmission range (a couple of meters)

(large transmission range possible only with laser in point-to-point mode)

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Where Did the Name Come From?Harald Blaatand II or Bluetooth

King of Denmark 940-981Son of Gorm the Old (King of Denmark) and Thyra Danebod(daughter of King Ethelred of England)

Noted for unifying Denmark and Sweden

Don’t ask:would the methods that the Vikings used to achieve consensus be admissible in the standards process today?

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A little bit of historyThe Bluetooth SIG (Special Interest Group) was formed in February 1998 by 5 promoter companies

Ericsson,IBM, Intel, Nokia, ToshibaThe Bluetooth SIG went “public” in May 1998The Bluetooth SIG work (the spec: 1,600+ pages) became public on July 26, 1999 (ver. 1.0A)

ver. 1.0B was released on December 6, 1999ver. 1.1 was released on March 1, 2001

The promoter group increased in December 1999 to nine

added: 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft, MotorolaThere are 2,164 adopters (as of 3/15/2001)

adopters enjoy royalty free use of the Bluetooth technology

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What Does Bluetooth Do?

Topology Supports up to 7 simultaneous links Each link requires another cable

Flexibility Goes through walls, bodies, cloths... Line of sight or modified environment Data rate 720 Kbps Varies with use and cost Power 0.1 watts active power 0.05 watts active power or higher

Size/Weight 25 mm x 13 mm x 2 mm, several grams

Size is equal to range. Typically 1-2 meters. Weight varies with length (ounces to pounds)

Cost Long-term $5 per endpoint ~ $3-$100/meter (end user cost)

Range 10 meters or less Up to 100 meters with PA

Range equal to size. Typically 1-2 meters

Universal Intended to work anywhere in the world

Cables vary with local customs

Security Very, link layer security, SS radio Secure (its a cable)

Cable Replacement

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Characteristics

Operates in the 2.4 GHz band at a data rate of 720Kb/s.Uses Frequency Hopping (FH) spread spectrum, which divides the frequency band into a number of channels

2.402 - 2.480 GHz yielding 79 channels Radio transceivers hop from one channel to another in a pseudo-random fashion, determined by the master. Supports up to 8 devices in a piconet (1 master and 7 slaves). Piconets can combine to form scatternets.

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What is a Piconet?A collection of devices connected in an ad hoc fashion. One unit will act as a master and the others as slaves for the duration of the piconet connection.Master sets the clock and hopping pattern.Each piconet has a unique hopping pattern/ID Each master can connect to 7 simultaneous or 200+ inactive (parked) slaves per piconet

M

SS

S

SB

P

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M=MasterS=Slave

P=ParkedSB=Standby

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What is a Scatternet?A Scatternet is the linking of multiple co-located piconets through the sharing of common master or slave devices. A device can be both a master and a slaveRadios are symmetric (same radio can be master or slave)High capacity system, each piconet has maximum capacity (720 Kbps)

M

M

SS

S

S

P

SB

SB

P

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M=MasterS=Slave

P=ParkedSB=Standby

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Cordless Connections for the Consumerw

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Home RF

To enable the existence of a broad range of interoperable consumer devices, by establishing an open industry specification for unlicensed RF digital communications for PCs and consumer devices anywhere, in and around the home.

It is Targeted at home usersIntegration of voice and dataMultimedia supportBased on RFUnnecessary

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Shared Wireless Access Protocol (SWAP) Technology

802.11Uses CSMA/CAGood for Data

DECT*Uses TDMA

Good for Voice

CSMA/CA+TDMA Good for Voice & Data

Optimized for small networks

SWAP FrameSWAP Frame

+

Baseband PHY

FH Spread SpectrumCost effective

Consumer friendly

OpenAir

*DECT:Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications

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The Architecture

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HomeRF: RF Network ComparisonHome RF (SWAP 1.2)

2.4 GHz Frequency Hopping50 Hops per second radioOptimized for Voice & Data~1 Mbps real data rate (1.6 Mbps raw)Distance: 50m (House & Yard)4 near line quality voice linksUnlimited device links per basePeer-to-Peer networking"Native" TCP/IP supportLow power paging modeLower transmit power possibleBased on 802.11FH, OpenAir& DECTwww.homerf.org> 100 members (open IP but $4,800 fee)

Bluetooth (1.0A)2.4 GHz Frequency Hopping1600 Hops per second radioOptimized for Cell Phone, Mobile300-400 Kbps real data rateDistance: 10m (in-room Wire Replacement)3 near line quality voice links7 device links per baseMulti point-to-point connectionsPoint-to-point TCP/IP supportLow power standby modeHigher transmit power possibleBased on non-IP prototypewww.bluetooth.com> 1,000 members (It’s FREE !!!)

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HomeRF: RF Network ComparisonScope for the Future:

HomeRF NOBluetooth Yes

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IEEE 802.11: Wireless LAN

History1990 foundation of IEEE 802.11 Committee1991 first IEEE workshop "Wireless LAN"

1997 - 802.11 up to 2 Mbits (900 MHz)1999 - 802.11b 2.4GHz and up to 11 Mbits1999 - 802.11a 5 GHz and up to 54 Mbits200x - 802.11g 2.4GHz and up to 54 Mbits200x - 802.11x New Security

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IEEE 802.11

802.11WLANradio

Bridge control

802.11WLANradio

EthernetOtherLAN

interfaceEthernet Ethernet

Applications ApplicationApplication Level Data

TCP/IPstack IP routing

TCP/IP

Network addressing, routing

Seamless support

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EHF(milli-wave)

SHF(micro-wave)

VHFUHF UHF

Wired

LAN

Middle Speed 2.4GHz Range LAN

High Speed5GHz Range LAN

Very High Speed60 GHz Range LAN

4Mbps/16MbpsToken RingIEEE 802.5

10MbpsEthernet

IEEE 802.3

25/52/100MbpsATM-LAN

(ATM Forum)

100MbpsFast EthernetIEEE 802.3u

156/622 MbpsATM-LAN

(ATM Forum)

1000MbpsGigabit Ethernet

IEEE 802.3z, 802.3ab

Bandwidth

Frequency

IEEE802.111Mbps/2Mbps

IEEE802.11b5.5Mbps/11Mbps

(1) IEEE 802.11a 6/12/24Mbps

(2) HIPERLAN (ETSI BRAN)Type ½: 23.5/25Mbps

(3) WATM (ATM Forum) 25Mbps

19GHz range LAN10Mbps (ARIB)

(1) 156MbpsMMAC(Japan)

(2) 156MbpsMEDIAN (German)

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Wireless Technical TermEHF: Extremely High FrequencySHF: Super High FrequencyUHF: Ultra High FrequencyVHF: Very High FrequencyWLAN : Wireless LANIEEE: Institute of Electrical EngineeringARIB: Association of Radio Industries and BusinessCCK: Complementary Code KeyingOFDM: Orthogonal Frequency Division MultiplexingHIPERLAN: High Performance Radio LANETSI: Europe Telecommunications Standards InstituteBRAN: Broadband Radio Access NetworkWATM: Wireless ATMMMAC: Multimedia Mobile Access Communication SystemsMEDIAN: Wireless Broadband CPN (Computer Premises Network)/ LAN for Professional and Residential Multimedia ApplicationsFWA: Fixed Wireless Access

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Major opportunities and convergence scenario

802.11

HIPERLAN/1 802.11b

HIPERLAN/2 802.11a

ANSIBLE

80x

4 years

Application space

Video data rate

HSCD

GPRS

EDGE

3GPP

VoiceVoice

Text MessagingText Messaging

Still ImagingStill Imaging

Audio StreamingAudio Streaming

Video StreamingVideo Streaming

Ubiquitous TVInfotainment

Virtual Homes

High Speed Internet

PAN/LAN Convergence

Bluetooth

HomeRF

HIPERPAN2.4GHz

5GHz

60GHz

0.9-1.8GHz

0,01

0,1

1

10

100

1000

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010product date

Max

dat

a ra

te (M

bps)

Local Area WLAN Nomadic Wide Area Cellular Vehicular PAN

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Mobile IP

mobile IP adds mobility to the Internetdeveloped by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)published as proposed standard in 1996 (RFC 2002), currently refined as RFC2002-bis

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Mobile IP: Components

Mobile Node (MN):modifies access point in the Internet and currently running communicationsuses permanent IP address

Home Agent (HA):router in the home network of the mobile hostknows the mobile hosts, witch are not "at home" at the momentknows the current location of the mobile hosttunnels IP packets for and re-routes them to the mobile host’s location

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Mobile IP: Components

Foreign Agent (FA): router in the foreign networkmobile hosts log on to the foreign agentsunpacks tunneled IP packets and re-routes them to their respective mobile hostassigns addresses (CoA) to the visiting Mobile Node

Correspondent Node (CN): Communication partner

Care of Address (CoA): Tunnel endpoint of the Mobile Node while abroad

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Mobile IPStudy the interactive lesson on the net

http://www.site.uottawa.ca/~elsaddik/abedweb/applets/Applets/Mobile_IP/mobile_ip.html

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Documents

elsaddik @ site.uottawa.ca abed @ mcrlab.uottawaelsaddik/abedweb/teaching/elg5121/pdf/2x03... · ¾Smaller, lighter PC, ... ¾Net attached Consumer Electronics and Gaming appliances