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ELSAEnglish LongitudinalStudy of Ageing
The English Longitudinal The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing:Study of Ageing:
Update for HSE User GroupUpdate for HSE User Group
http://www.ifs.org.uk/elsa
Carli Lessof
National Centre for Social Research
ELSAEnglish LongitudinalStudy of Ageing
Key Facts about ELSAKey Facts about ELSA
A study of people aged 50 and over and their younger partners
Multi-disciplinary - to understand the relationship between people’s health and their economic and social circumstances
Longitudinal - interviews conducted every two years to understand change over time
Comparative - international comparison with HRS (US), SHARE (Europe) and others
Applied research which is policy relevant; aims are long-term
ELSAEnglish LongitudinalStudy of Ageing
Research team
International Centre for Health and Society, UCL Institute for Fiscal Studies National Centre for Social Research Dept of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge
Funders National Institute on Aging Consortium of UK Government departments
Research Team and FundersResearch Team and Funders
ELSAEnglish LongitudinalStudy of Ageing
The ELSA TeamThe ELSA Team
Lisa Calderwood
Maria Casanova
Laura Conway
Edlira Gjonça
Martin Hyde
Mary Janevic
Saffron Karlsen
Meena Kumari
Michelle Lee
Anne McMunn
Zoë Oldfield
Keeley Ribas
Rebecca Taylor
Orazio Attanasio
David Blane
Richard Disney
Paul Higgs
Felicia Huppert
Costas Meghir
David Melzer
Susan Purdon
Nick Steel
James Banks
Richard Blundell
Bob Erens
Roger Jowell
Carli Lessof
Michael Marmot (PI)
James Nazroo
RESEARCH GROUP
OTHER INVESTIGATORS
MANAGEMENT GROUP
ELSAEnglish LongitudinalStudy of Ageing
Sample DesignSample Design
Sample is representative of population aged 50 and
over, living in private households in England
Drawn from Health Survey for England (HSE)
Three years of HSE used - 1998, 1999 & 2001
Annual cross-section of approximately 16,000 adults
Core content, supplemented by varying modules
Health measures provide ‘pre-baseline’ information
Household response - HSE (74% to 76%)
Individual adult response - HSE (67% to 70%)
ELSAEnglish LongitudinalStudy of Ageing
HSE Content for ELSA BaselineHSE Content for ELSA Baseline
General health Use of health services MRC respiratory questionnaire, chest pain, CVD Physical activity Eating habits, smoking, drinking Height and weight (collected in interview) Waist and hip, demi-span (by nurse) Parental history GHQ12 Blood pressure; blood sample Prescribed drugs; vitamins; nicotine replacements
ELSAEnglish LongitudinalStudy of Ageing
Eligibility for the StudyEligibility for the Study
Core sample members born on or before 29th Feb 1952
In household sector in England at baseline (ELSA W1)
Younger partners cohabiting with core sample at HSE
New partners who joined household since HSE
Some data about other household and family members
No interviews in institutions or outside England at baseline
Report focuses on core sample members
ELSAEnglish LongitudinalStudy of Ageing
ELSA development - the first five yearsELSA development - the first five years
1998, 99, 01 HSE fieldwork, interview and nurse visit
Wave 1
2001 Development
2002 Fieldwork March 2002-March 2003
2003 Analysis and reporting
2004 Data deposit
Wave 2
2003 Development
2004 Fieldwork (including nurse visit)
2005 Analysis, reporting and data deposit
ELSAEnglish LongitudinalStudy of Ageing
Interview Content and StructureInterview Content and Structure Household demographics
Individual demographics Health Social participation Work and pensions
Income and assets Housing
Cognitive function Psychosocial health Expectations Final questions (including consents)
Timed walk Self-completion
ELSAEnglish LongitudinalStudy of Ageing
Interview Content and StructureInterview Content and Structure Household demographics Answered once per household
Individual demographics] Health ] Answered by all Social participation ] Can be conducted concurrently Work and pensions ]
Income and assets Answered once per financial unit Housing Answered once per household
Cognitive function ] Psychosocial health ] Answered by all Expectations ] Should be answered in private Final questions ]
Timed walk Answered by 60+, floating block Self-completion Can be left behind or switched
ELSAEnglish LongitudinalStudy of Ageing
ResponseResponse Issued sample of ~11,600 households; ~18,800 individuals
Achieved sample of ~7,900 households; ~12,100 individuals
~11,400 interviews with core sample members
~640 interviews with partners under 50 and ~70 with new partners
Response among core sample members
Household response 70%
96% responding within households
Overall individual response rate of 67%
Individual response rate for new partners 68% Individual response rate for younger partners 63%
ELSAEnglish LongitudinalStudy of Ageing
Achieved Sample Size - All Sample TypesAchieved Sample Size - All Sample Types Numbers %
Age Men Women Total Men Women Total
Under 50 104 472 576 2 7 5
50-54 920 1156 2076 17 17 17
55-59 1030 1171 2201 19 17 18
60-64 813 883 1696 15 13 14
65-69 806 912 1718 15 13 14
70-74 680 797 1477 13 12 12
75-79 498 596 1094 9 9 9
80+ 485 777 1262 9 11 10
Total 5336 6764 12100 100 100 100
ELSAEnglish LongitudinalStudy of Ageing
Response and WeightingResponse and Weighting
High response to elements within survey Housing 99.7% Income and assets 99.0% Self-completion 92.0% Consents c.80%
Imputation for missing values in economic variables
Weighting to take account of household non-response Post-stratified to the relevant population using Census 2001 Applied at individual level
ELSAEnglish LongitudinalStudy of Ageing
Health, wealth and lifestyles of the Health, wealth and lifestyles of the older population in England:older population in England:
the 2002 English Longitudinal Surveythe 2002 English Longitudinal Survey
http//www.ifs.org.uk/elsa/report.htmhttp//www.ifs.org.uk/elsa/report.htm
ELSAEnglish LongitudinalStudy of Ageing
0
20
40
60
50-54 55-59 60-64 all 50-64
Defined Benefit Defined Contribution Other
Retired (%), by age and private pension type:
men with private pensions
ELSAEnglish LongitudinalStudy of Ageing
Prevalence of measured mobility limitationPrevalence of measured mobility limitation- % unable or <0.4 metres / second on gait speed test- % unable or <0.4 metres / second on gait speed test
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 90+
age group
%
Male
Female
ELSAEnglish LongitudinalStudy of Ageing
Men - poor walking performance Men - poor walking performance by occupational social classby occupational social class
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+
Managerial
Routine
ELSAEnglish LongitudinalStudy of Ageing
Prevalence of mobility impairment Prevalence of mobility impairment by years of education in womenby years of education in womenGait speed test - % unable or <0.4m/sGait speed test - % unable or <0.4m/s
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 90+
age group
%
Females <10
Females 10+
ELSAEnglish LongitudinalStudy of Ageing
Numerical ability by age and education Numerical ability by age and education - women- women
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
50-59 60-74 75+
age group
me
an
nu
me
rac
y s
co
re
degree/higher intermediate no quals
ELSAEnglish LongitudinalStudy of Ageing
ConclusionsConclusions
Old age is not a problem Variability in the picture Striking socioeconomic gradients in every aspect of
ageing The challenge for longitudinal analyses is to
determine the predictors of being on a successful trajectory
The payoff to individuals and society of moving the population to healthier, more productive ageing is enormous
ELSAEnglish LongitudinalStudy of Ageing
Panel MaintenancePanel Maintenance Build panel identity
Web site, thank you letters, magnets, cards and findings
Optimise future contact Identifying deaths using administrative records Maintaining addresses Tracing and mover strategies Stable addresses and self-nominated proxies
Maximise response Pilot panel to provide early feedback Interviewer continuity Incentive payments Survey burden and salience
ELSAEnglish LongitudinalStudy of Ageing
Survey Content at Wave 2Survey Content at Wave 2
Core modules will remain
Repeat cross-sectional questions Dependent interviewing where prior data is available (Temporary) removal of some questions
Some additions to main questionnaire Loneliness, life satisfaction Quality of care Date of onset of new conditions Job change and retirement House moves Extra consumption questions
ELSAEnglish LongitudinalStudy of Ageing
Major Changes at Wave 2Major Changes at Wave 2
Nurse visit sample members only blood pressure; blood samples; saliva sample height & weight; waist & hip; lung function physical performance measures
Moves into institution
Exit interview
Change to following rules outside of England partners to be followed for at least one wave after splits
ELSAEnglish LongitudinalStudy of Ageing
Plans for ELSA DataPlans for ELSA Data
Initial deposit of flat file record per person some derived variables some imputations weights basic documentation
Link to HSE data HSE serial HSE 98, 99, 01 Common data set
Preparation for longitudinal data Additional documentation
ELSAEnglish LongitudinalStudy of Ageing
ELSA development - the next six years?ELSA development - the next six years?
2006 W3 fieldwork- refreshment, retrospective
2007 Off-year mail out
2008 W4 fieldwork (including nurse visit)
2009 Off-year mail out
2010 W5 fieldwork - refreshment
2011 Off-year mail out
ELSAEnglish LongitudinalStudy of Ageing
ELSA development - the next six years?ELSA development - the next six years?
• Analysis
• Reporting
• Data
ELSAEnglish LongitudinalStudy of Ageing
The English Longitudinal The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing:Study of Ageing:
Update for HSE User GroupUpdate for HSE User Group
http://www.ifs.org.uk/elsa
Carli Lessof
National Centre for Social Research