ELLEN R. M. DRUFFELCurriculum Vitae

Personal:Croul Hall 3222, U.C. Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697–3100Phones: Office (949) 824–2116, Fax (949) 824–3874 Email: edruffel at uci.edu Group website: http://sites.uci.edu/druffel/

KCCAMS website: http://www.ess.uci.edu/amsFused glass website: http://www.druffelglass.com

Education:Loyola Marymount University B.S. (Chemistry)University of California, San Diego M.S. (Chemistry)University of California, San Diego Ph.D. (Chemistry)

Employment and Positions:2013– Fred Kavli Endowed Chair, Earth System Science1993– Professor, Department of Earth System Science, UC Irvine 2002– Co–Director, Keck Carbon Cycle AMS Laboratory 1996– Research Associate, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Geol. Res. Div.1987–1988 Resident Scholar, Oceanography Department, UC Santa Cruz1981–1993 Scientist, Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI)1980–1981 Postdoctoral Investigator, Chemistry Dept., UCSD

Professional Societies:American Geophysical Union (AGU, Ocean Sciences Section President & Union Council member 2004–2006)The Oceanography Society (TOS, Council Member 2000–2004)Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO)

Research Interests:General Areas: Chemical oceanography, Biogeochemistry, Organic Geochemistry, PaleoclimatologyCurrent Interests: Changes in Pacific Ocean circulation and climate during the past millennium; Isotopic

characterization, sources and cycling of carbon in dissolved and particulate marine organic matter; Origin and cycling of black carbon in the marine environment.

Honors and Awards:2016 Roger Revelle Medal, AGU2011 Golden Key International Honor Society Honorary Member2010 Elected Fellow of TOS2004–2009 NSF ADVANCE Chair at UCI 2004 Ruth Patrick Award, ASLO2003 WHOI Steinbach Scholar in Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry2001 Elected to the Hall of Fame, Loyola Marymount University2001 Elected Fellow of AAAS1998 Best Paper Award, Organic Geochemistry Div. of Geochemical Society, Eglinton et al.19971990 James B. Macelwane Medal and Fellow of AGU1987–1988 Visiting Professorships for Women Award, NSF

Selected Professional Activities:

Scientific Committee, 2nd International Radiocarbon in the Environment Conference 2017Visiting Committee, Ocean Sciences Department, U.C. Santa Cruz 2016Ambassador Award Task Force, Chair, AGU, 2014 TOS Fellows Committee 2011–2015IAEA CRP, Nuclear and Isotopic Studies of the El Niño Phenomenon in the Ocean Co–Chair 2004–2013NSF Panel Reviews, Paleo Perspectives on Climate Change and Chemical Oceanography, 2011Associate Editor Marine Chemistry 2000–2015Editorial Board Radiocarbon 1989– AGU Nominations Committee, 2008–2010NSF Advisory Committee for Geosciences (AC/GEO) 2006–2008Palmyra Atoll Research Consortium Science Committee Co–Chair 2006–2008Visiting Committee Chair, School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria B.C. 2006Visiting Committee, Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 2005Instructor Short Course for Radiocarbon in Ecology and Earth System Science 2004–Waterman Award Selection Committee 2004–2006Steering Committee IGBP/WCRP/IHDP, Global Carbon Joint Project 2001–2003International Committee of Inter-comparisons for Radiocarbon Dating 1997–2002AGU Honors and Recognition Committee Chair 2000–2002NOSAMS External Policy Board 1995–1998, Chair 1996–1998NRC Committee on Major U.S. Ocean Programs 1996–1998NSF–sponsored FOCUS (Future of Ocean Chemistry in the U.S.) Co–Chair 1997–1999NSF Academic Fleet Review Committee 1998National Research Council Ocean Studies Board 1994–1997NSF Advisory Committee for Ocean Sciences 1993–1994AGU Union Committee of Fellows Chair 1994–1996, member 1992-1994Ocean Studies Board Committee on Oceanic Carbon 1992–1994 Editorial Board Oceanography Magazine 1987–2003

Selected UC Service:UCI Research Seed Funding Program and Technology Development Innovation Fund reviewer 2016UCI Board on Undergraduate Scholarships, Honors and Financial Aid 2015–2016UCI Task Force on Sustainability Education and Executive Committee on Sustainability Initiative 2013–UC MEXUS–CONACYT Proposal Review Committee 2013UCI Physical Sciences Dean’s Advisory Council 2011–2013UCOP Marine Council member 2004–2006UCOP Committee on President’s Postdoctoral Fellowships 2001–2008, 2015Chair, Department of Earth System Science 1997–2000Co–authored proposal to form B.S. in Earth and Environmental Sciences 2000Equity Advisor for the School of Physical Sciences 2002–2004UCI Committee Memberships:

Distinctions Committee 2015–Sustainability Initiative Faculty Executive Committee 2014–Deans’ Review Committees 2004, 2006, 2008, 2016Search Committee for Dean of Graduate Studies 2006ADVANCE Program Advisory Committee 2004–2007Marine Council Steering Committee 2001–2005, Acting Chair 2002–2003Committee on Educational Policy and Subcommittee on Policy 2002–2005Physical Sciences Dean Search Committees 1998, Chair 2011Ad hoc Committees on Tenure/Promotion 1996, Chair 1999

Books and Special Volumes Edited:

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2016 Radiocarbon and Climate Change: Mechanisms, Applications and Laboratory Techniques, Editors E.A.G. Schuur, S.E. Trumbore and E.R.M. Druffel, Springer, New York/Heidelberg.

2009 Sanchez–Cabeza, J.A. and E.R.M. Druffel, 2009. Environmental Records of Anthropogenic Impacts on Coastal Ecosystems. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 59 (4-7) Elsevier.

1998 Smith, Jr., K.L. and E.R.M. Druffel, 1998. Topical Studies in Oceanography: Long Time–series Monitoring of an Abyssal Site in the NE Pacific, Dedication to Peter M. Williams. Deep–Sea Research Part II, Vol. 45, No. 4–5, Pergamon.

Commentaries and Reports:2006 North, G.R., F Biondi, P. Bloomfield, J.R. Christy, K.M. Cuffey, R.E. Dickinson, E.R.M. Druffel, D.

Nychka, B. Otto-Bliesner, N. Roberts, K.K. Turekian, J.M. Wallace, I. Kraucunas (2006). Surface Temperature Reconstruction for the Last 2,000 Years, National Research Council, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate Division on Earth and Life Studies, ISBN–10: 0–309–10225–1, NRC Statement to Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Energy and Commerce, US House of Representatives.

2004 Druffel, E.R.M. Comments on the importance of black carbon in the global carbon cycle, Marine Chemistry, 92, 197–200.

2003 Global Carbon Project (2003). Science Framework and Implementation. Earth System Science Partnership (IGBP, IHDP, WCRP, DIVERSITAS) Editors: J.G. Canadell, R. Dickinson, K. Hibbard, M. Raupach and O. Young, Prepared by the Scientific Steering Committee of the Global Carbon Project, Apps, M. et al. Report No. 1; Global Carbon Project Report No. 1, 69 pp, Canberra.

2001 Druffel, E.R.M. (2001). Help broaden the nominations for AGU awards. Eos Trans. AGU, 82 (38), 417.1999 Druffel, E.R.M. and B. Robison. Is the deep sea on a diet? Science 284, 1139–1140. 1999 Mayer, L., E. Druffel, M. Bender, E. Boyle, R. Jahnke, W. Jenkins, C. Lee, G. Luther, and B. Moore.

Even more interdisciplinary future lies ahead for ocean chemistry, Eos Trans. AGU 80(18), 207–210.1994 Druffel, E.R.M. Looking at gender distribution among AGU Fellows. Eos Trans. AGU 75 (37), 429–

429, 10.1029/94EO01062.1994 Druffel, E.R.M. Reply to: A second look at gender distribution among AGU Fellows.

Eos Trans. AGU 76 (24), 244–244, 10.1029/95EO00141.1990 Druffel, E.R.M. Major Challenges in Chemical Oceanography. Oceanography 3, 51–52.1988 Williams, P.M. and E.R.M. Druffel (1988). Dissolved organic matter in the ocean: Comments on a

controversy. Oceanography 1, 14–17.

Refereed Publications: (* student or postdoctoral)Sayani, H.R., K.M Cobb, K. DeLong, N.T. Hitt and E.R.M Druffel. Intercolony δ18O and Sr/Ca variability among

Porites spp. corals at Palmyra Atoll: Towards more robust coral-based estimates of climate, Geochemistry, Geophysics and Geosystems, in review.

Druffel, E.R.M., S Griffin, N. Wang and B.D. Walker. Temporal variability of dissolved organic radiocarbon in the deep North Pacific Ocean. Radiocarbon, in review.

Guilderson, T.P., D.P. Schrag, E.R.M. Druffel and R. Reimer. Post-Bomb Subtropical North Pacific Surface Water Radiocarbon History. Oceanography in review.

Goodkin, N., A. Bolton, K.B. Karnauskas, K.A. Hughen, S. Griffin, K. H. Phan, S.T. Vo, and E.R.M. Druffel. Decline of East Asian Winter Monsoon variability since the 18th century. Nature Geoscience, in revision.

Toggweiler, J.R, E.R.M. Druffel, R. Key and E. Galbraith, How cool subantarctic water reaches the surface in the tropics. Journal of Geophysical Research, in revision.

Toggweiler, J.R, E.R.M. Druffel, R. Key and E. Galbraith. On the upwelling exposed by the surface distribution of Δ14C. Journal of Geophysical Research, in revision.

2017176. Ding, L., T. Ge, H. Gao, C. Luo, E.R.M. Druffel, and X. Wang. Large variability of dissolved inorganic

radiocarbon in the Kuroshio Extension of the northwest North Pacific. Radiocarbon in press.

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175. Walker, B.D., E.R.M. Druffel, J. Kolasinski, B.J. Roberts, X. Xu and B.E. Rosenheim (2017), Stable and radiocarbon isotopic composition of dissolved organic matter in the Gulf of Mexico, Geophysical Research Letters, 44 DOI:10.1002/2017GL074155.

174. Cain, W.F., S. Griffin, K. Druffel-Rodriguez and E.R.M. Druffel (2017), Uptake of carbon for cellulose production in a White Oak from Western Oregon USA, Radiocarbon, 59, DOI:10.1017/RDC.2017.82.

173. Druffel, E.R.M., S. Griffin, * C. S. Glynn, R. Benner and B. D. Walker. Radiocarbon in dissolved organic and inorganic carbon of the Arctic Ocean (2017). Geophysical Research Letters, 44 DOI:10.1002/2016GL072138

172. Walker, B.D., S. Griffin and E.R.M. Druffel (2017). Effect of acidified versus frozen storage on marine dissolved organic carbon concentration and isotopic composition, Radiocarbon, 59, 3, 843–847. DOI:10.1017/RDC.2016.48.

171. Rafter, P., S.C. Sanchez, J Ferguson, E.R.M. Druffel, H.D. Graven, J.R. Southon and J.D. Carriquiry (2017). Eastern tropical North Pacific coral radiocarbon reveals North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) variability, Quaternary Science Reviews 160, 108-115.

2016170. Wang, X., C. Xu, E.R.M. Druffel, Y. Xue and Y. Qi (2016). Two black carbon pools transported by the

Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, doi:10.1002/2016GB005509.169. Walker, B.D., F.W. Primeau, S.R. Beaupré, T.P. Guilderson, E.R.M. Druffel, M.D. McCarthy (2016). Linked

changes in marine dissolved organic carbon molecular size and radiocarbon age. Geophysical Research Letters, 43 DOI/10.1002/2016GL070359.

168. Walker, B.W. S.R. Beaupré, T.P. Guilderson, M.D. McCarthy, E.R.M. Druffel, (2016). Pacific carbon cycling constrained by organic matter size, age and composition relationships, Nature Geoscience doi:10.1038/ngeo2830.

167. Druffel, E.R.M., S. Griffin, * A. I. Coppola, and B. D. Walker (2016). Radiocarbon in dissolved organic carbon of the Atlantic Ocean. Geophysical Research Letters, 43, doi:10.1002/2016GL068746.

166. * Coppola, A.I. and E.R.M. Druffel (2016). Cycling of black carbon in the oceans. Geophysical Research Letters, 43 DOI:10.1002/2016GL068574.

165. Druffel, E.R.M., S.R. Beaupré and L.A. Ziolkowski (2016). Chapter 5: Radiocarbon in the Oceans, in Radiocarbon and Climate Change: Mechanisms, Applications and Laboratory Techniques. Editors E.A.G. Schuur, S.E. Trumbore and E.R.M. Druffel, Springer International Publishing, New York/Heidelberg, 139-166.

164. Schuur, E.A.G., S.E. Trumbore, E.R.M. Druffel, J.R. Southon, A. Steinhof, R.E. Taylor, J.C. Turnbull, X. Xu (2016). Chapter 1: Radiocarbon and the Global Carbon Cycle, in Radiocarbon and Climate Change: Mechanisms, Applications and Laboratory Techniques, Editors E.A.G. Schuur, S.E. Trumbore and E.R.M. Druffel, Springer International Publishing, New York/Heidelberg, 1-19.

163. Southon, J.R., R. De Pol–Holz, E.R.M. Druffel (2016). Chapter 7: Paleoclimatology, in Radiocarbon and Climate Change: Mechanisms, Applications and Laboratory Techniques, Editors E.A.G. Schuur, S.E. Trumbore and E.R.M. Druffel, Springer International Publishing, New York/Heidelberg, 221-252.

162. Bolton, A, N.F. Goodkin, E.R.M. Druffel, S. Griffin, S.A. Murty (2016). Upwelling of Pacific Intermediate Water in the South China Sea revealed by coral radiocarbon record, Radiocarbon, 58 37-53.

161. Salvatteci, R., D. Gutierrez, A. Sifeddine, L. Ortlieb, E. Druffel, and R. Schneider (2016). Centennial to millennial–scale changes in oxygenation and productivity in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific during the last 25,000 years, Quaternary Science Reviews 131, 102-117.

2015160. * Coppola, A.I., B.D. Walker and E.R.M. Druffel (2015). Solid phase extraction method for quantification and

compound-specific radiocarbon analysis of black carbon in dissolved organic carbon, Marine Chemistry 177 697-705 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2015.10.010

159. Druffel, E.R.M. and S. Griffin (2015). Radiocarbon in dissolved organic carbon of the South Pacific Ocean, Geophy. Res. Lett. 42, 4096–4101, doi:10.1002/2015GL063764.

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158. * Pack, M. A., M. B. Heintz, W. S. Reeburgh, S. E. Trumbore, D. L. Valentine, X. Xu, and E.R.M. Druffel (2015). Methane oxidation in the eastern tropical north Pacific water column, Journal of Geophysical Research, Biogeosciences 120, doi:10.1002/2014JG002900.

157. Druffel, E.R.M., S. Griffin, * D. Vetter, R. B. Dunbar, and D. Mucciarone, (2015). Identification of frequent La Niña events during the early 1800s in the east equatorial Pacific, Geophy. Res. Lett. 42,doi:10.1002/2014GL062997.

2014156. Prouty, N.G., C.R. Fisher, A. W.J. Demopoulos, and E.R.M. Druffel (2014). Growth rates and ages of

deep–sea corals impacted by the DWH oil spill, Deep Sea Research doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.10.021.155. Druffel, E.R.M., S. Griffin, * D.S. Glynn, R.B. Dunbar, D.A. Muciarone and J. R. Toggweiler (2014).

Seasonal radiocarbon and oxygen isotopes in a Galapagos coral: Calibration with climate indices, Geophysical Research Letters 41, DOI: 10.1002/2014GL060504.

154. Gonsior, M., N. Hertkorn, M.H. Conte, W.J. Cooper , D. Bastviken, E.R.M. Druffel and P. Schmitt–Kopplin (2014). Photochemical production of polyols arising from significant photo–transformation of dissolved organic matter in the oligotrophic surface ocean, Marine Chemistry 163, 10–18.

153. Osborne, M.C., R.B. Dunbar, D.A Mucciarone, E.R.M. Druffel, J.A. Sanchez–Cabeza (2014). A 215–year coral δ18O time series from Palau records dynamics of the West Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP) following the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA), Coral Reefs doi:10.1007/s00338–014–1146–1.

152. * Coppola, A.I., L.A. Ziolkowski, C.A. Masiello, E.R.M. Druffel (2014). Aged black carbon in marine sediments and sinking particles. Geophysical Research Letters 41, doi:10.1002/2013GL059068.

2013151. Martin, E.E., A.E. Ingalls, J.E. Richey, R.G. Keil, L.T. Truxal, G.M. Santos, S. R. Alin, and E.R.M.

Druffel (2013). Radiocarbon age of lignin in a tropical river unravels the terrestrial carbon cycle. Geophysical Research Letters 40, 1–5, doi:10.1002/2013GL057450.

150. Osborne, M., R.B. Dunbar, D. Mucciarone J.–A. Sanchez, E.R.M. Druffel (2013). Regionally consistent calibrations of coral proxy records from Palau, West Pacific Warm Pool, Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 386, 308–320.

149. Bertrand, C., * B.D. Walker, S. Griffin, E.R.M. Druffel (2013). Comparison of particulate organic and dissolved inorganic radiocarbon signatures in the surface northeast Pacific Ocean, Radiocarbon 55 (2–3), 1651–1658.

148. * Coppola, A.I., L.A. Ziolkowski, E.R.M. Druffel (2013). Extraneous carbon assessments in radiocarbon measurements of black carbon in environmental matrices, Radiocarbon 55 (2–3) 1631–1640.

147. Druffel, E.R.M., S. Griffin, * B.D. Walker, * A.I. Coppola, * D.S. Glynn (2013), Total uncertainty of radiocarbon measurements of marine dissolved organic carbon and methodological recommendations, Radiocarbon 55 (2–3) 1135–1141.

146. * Glynn, D.S., E.R.M. Druffel, S. Griffin, R.B. Dunbar, M. Osborne, J.–A. Sanchez–Cabeza (2013). Early bomb radiocarbon detected in Palau Archipelago corals, Radiocarbon 55 (2–3) 1659–1664.

145. Komada, T., D.J. Burdige, S.M. Crispo, E.R.M. Druffel, S. Griffin, L. Johnson, (2013). Dissolved organic carbon dynamics in anaerobic sediments of the Santa Monica Basin, Geochemica et Cosmochimica Acta 110, 253–273.

2012144. * Beaupré, S.R. and E.R.M. Druffel (2012). Photochemical reactivity of ancient marine dissolved

organic carbon. Geophy. Res. Lett., 39, L18602, doi:10.1029/2012GL052974143. Goodkin, N.F., E.R.M. Druffel, K.A. Hughen and S.C. Doney (2012). Two centuries of limited

variability in subtropical North Atlantic thermocline ventilation, Nature Communications 3:803doi: 10.1038/ncomms1811.

142. * Druffel–Rodriguez, K.C. * D. Vetter, S Griffin, E.R.M. Druffel, R.B. Dunbar, D.A. Mucciarone, * L.A. Ziolkowski and J.–A. Sanchez–Cabeza, (2012). Radiocarbon and stable isotopes in Palmyra corals during the past century, Geochemica et Cosmochimica Acta 82, 154–163.

2011

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141. * Pack, M.A., M.B. Heintz, W.S. Reeburgh, S.E. Trumbore, D.L. Valentine, X. Xu, and E.R.M. Druffel (2011). A method for measuring methane oxidation rates using low–levels of 14C–labeled methane and accelerator mass spectrometry. Limnology and Oceanography Methods 9, 245–260.

140. * Walker, B.D., * S.R. Beaupré, T.P. Guilderson, E.R.M. Druffel, and M.D. McCarthy, (2011). Evaluation of large–volume ultrafiltration for the study of marine dissolved organic matter radiocarbon signatures. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 75, 5187–5202.

139. * Ziolkowski, L.A., A.R. Chamberlin, J. Greaves and E.R.M. Druffel (2011). Quantification of black carbon in marine systems using the benzene polycarboxylic acid method: a mechanistic and yield study. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 9, 140–149.

138. McCarthy, M. * S.R. Beaupré, B.D. Walker, I. Voparil, T.P. Guilderson and E.R.M. Druffel (2011). Chemosynthetic origin of 14C-depleted dissolved organic matter in a ridge-flank hydrothermal system, Nature Geoscience 4, 32–36.

137. Santos, G.M., J. Ferguson, * K. Acaylar, K.R. Johnson, S. Griffin and E.R.M. Druffel (2011). Δ14C and δ13C of seawater dissolved inorganic carbon as tracers of coastal upwelling: A 5–year time–series from Southern California. Radiocarbon 53 (4), 669–677.

2010136. Ingalls, A., Ellis, E., G. Santos, * K. McDuffee, L. Truxal, R. Keil, E.R.M. Druffel (2010). HPLC purification

of higher plant–derived lignin phenols for compound specific radiocarbon analysis. Analytical Chemistry 82(21), 8931–8938 doi: 10.1021/ac1016584.

135. * Zaunbrecher, L., K.M. Cobb, J.W. Beck, C.D. Charles, E.R.M. Druffel, R.G. Fairbanks, S. Griffin, and H. Sayani (2010). Coral Records of Central Tropical Pacific Radiocarbon Variability during the Last Millennium, Paleoceanography, 25, PA4212, doi:10.1029/2009PA001788.

134. Hwang, J. E.R.M. Druffel, T.I. Eglinton (2010). Widespread influence of resuspended sediments on oceanic particulate organic carbon: Insights from radiocarbon and aluminum contents in sinking particles, Global Biogeochemical Cycles 24, GB4016, doi:10.1029/2010GB003802.

133. * Ziolkowski, L. A., and E.R.M. Druffel (2010). Aged black carbon identified in marine dissolved organic carbon, Geophysical Research Letters 37, L16601, doi:10.1029/2010GL043963.

132. Druffel, E.R.M., * S.R. Beaupré, S. Griffin, and * J. Hwang (2010). Variability of dissolved inorganic radiocarbon at a surface site in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Radiocarbon 52(3), 1150–1165.

131. Druffel, E.R.M., D. Zhang, X. Xu, * L.A. Ziolkowski, J.R. Southon, G.M. Santos and S.E. Trumbore (2010). Compound specific radiocarbon analyses of phospholipid fatty acids and alkanes in ocean sediments. Radiocarbon 52(3), 1215–1223.

130. Griffin, S, S.R. Beaupré and E.R.M. Druffel (2010). An alternate method of diluting dissolved organic carbon seawater samples for 14C analysis. Radiocarbon 52(3), 1224–1229.

129. Santos, G.M. J.R. Southon, N.J. Drenzek, , L. Ziolkowski, E.R.M. Druffel, X. Xu, D. Zhang and S.E. Trumbore T.I. Eglinton, K.A. Hughen (2010). Blank assessment for ultra–small radiocarbon samples: chemical extraction and separation vs. AMS. Radiocarbon 52(3), 1322–1335.

128. * Hinger, Elise N., G.M. Santos, S. Griffin and E.R.M. Druffel, (2010). Carbon Isotope Measurements of Surface Seawater from a Time–Series Site off Southern California, Radiocarbon 52 (1), 69–89.

2009127. * Ziolkowski, L. and E. Druffel, (2009). Quantification of extraneous carbon during compound specific

radiocarbon analysis of black carbon. Analytical Chemistry 2009, 81 (24), 10156–10161.126. * Beaupré, S.R. and E.R.M. Druffel, (2009) Constraining the propagation of bomb–radiocarbon through the

dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pool in the northeast Pacific Ocean. Deep–Sea Research 56(10), 1717–1726. 125. * Ziolkowski, L. and E.R.M. Druffel, (2009). Detection of carbon nanotubes using the benzene polycarboxylic

acid method, Marine Pollution Bulletin 59, 126–131.124. * Drenzek, N.J., K.A. Hughen, D.B. Montluçon, J.R. Southon, G.M. dos Santos, E.R.M. Druffel, L. Giosan,

and T. I. Eglinton (2009). A new look at old carbon in active margin sediments, Geology 37, 239–242.123. * Hansman, R. S. Griffin, J. Watson, E. Druffel, A. Ingalls, A. Pearson, and A. Aluwihare, (2009). The

radiocarbon signature of microorganisms in the mesopelagic ocean, Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 106, 6513–6518.

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122. Sanchez–Cabeza, J.A. and E.R.M. Druffel, 2009. Environmental Records of Anthropogenic Impacts on Coastal Ecosystems. Marine Pollution Bulletin 59, (4–7), 87–218, Elsevier.

2008121. Druffel, E.R.M., J.E. Bauer, S. Griffin, S.R. Beaupré, J. Hwang (2008). Dissolved inorganic radiocarbon in

the North Pacific Ocean and Sargasso Sea, Deep–Sea Research I 55 (4), 451–459. doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2007.12.007

120. Druffel, E.R.M., LF. Robinson, S. Griffin, R. Halley, J.R. Southon and J.F. Adkins (2008). Low reservoir ages for the surface ocean from mid–Holocene Florida corals, Paleoceanography 23, 7pp. doi:10.1029/2007PA001527.

119. Druffel, E.R.M. and S. Griffin (2008). Daily variability of dissolved inorganic radiocarbon at three sites in the surface ocean, Marine Chemistry 110, 185–189.

2007118. Santos, G.M., J.R. Southon, S. Griffin, * S.R. Beaupré and E.R.M. Druffel (2007). Ultra small–mass 14C–AMS

sample preparation and analyses at KCCAMS Facility, Nuclear Instrumentation and Methods in Physics Research B 259, 293–302.

117. Druffel, E.R.M., S. Griffin, * S. R. Beaupré and R. B. Dunbar (2007) Oceanic climate and circulation changes during the past four centuries from radiocarbon in corals, Geophysical Research Letters 34, doi:10.1029/2006GL028681.

116. * Beaupré, S.R., E.R.M. Druffel and S. Griffin, (2007). A low–blank photochemical extraction system for concentration and isotopic analyses of marine dissolved organic carbon, Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 5, 174–184.

115. * McDuffee, K. and E.R.M. Druffel (2007). Daily variability of dissolved inorganic radiocarbon in Sargasso Sea surface water, Marine Chemistry 106, 513–518.

2006114. * Hwang, J., E.R.M. Druffel, and J.E. Bauer (2006). Incorporation of aged dissolved organic carbon (DOC)

onto oceanic particulate organic carbon (POC): an experimental approach using carbon isotopes, Marine Chemistry 98, 315–322.

113. Ingalls, A.E., S.R. Shah, R.L. Hansman, L.I. Aluwihare, G.M. Santos, E.R.M. Druffel, A. Pearson (2006). Quantifying archaeal community autotrophy in the mesopelagic ocean using natural radiocarbon. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 103 (17), 6442–6447.

112. * Hwang, J. and E.R.M. Druffel, T.I. Eglinton, and D.J. Repeta (2006). Source(s) and cycling of the non–hydrolyzable organic fraction of oceanic particles, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta doi:10.1016/j.gca.2006.07.020.

111. * Hwang, J. and E.R.M. Druffel, (2006). Carbon isotope ratios of organic compound fractions in oceanic suspended particles, Geophysical Research Letters 33, L23610, doi:10.1029/2006GL027928.

2005110. Druffel, E.R.M., J.E. Bauer and S. Griffin (2005). Input of particulate organic and dissolved inorganic carbon

from the Amazon to the Atlantic Ocean, Geochemistry, Geophysics and Geosystems 6(3), Q03009, doi:10.1029/2004GC000842.

109. * Hwang, J. and E.R.M. Druffel (2005). Blank correction for ∆14C measurements in organic compound classes of oceanic particulate organic carbon, Radiocarbon 47 (1), 75–87.

108. * Komada, T., E.R.M. Druffel and * J. Hwang (2005), Sedimentary rocks as sources of ancient organic carbon to the ocean: An investigation through ∆14C and d13C signatures of compound classes, Global Biogeochemical Cycles 19, GB2017, doi:10.1029/2004GB002347.

107. * Hwang, J., E.R.M. Druffel, and * T. Komada (2005). Transport of organic carbon from the California coast to the slope region: A study of ∆14C and d 13C signatures of organic compound classes, Global Biogeochemical Cycles 19, GB2018, doi:10.1029/2004GB002422.

106. J. Southon, G.M. Santos, E.R.M. Druffel, S. Griffin, S.E. Trumbore and X. Xu (2005). High throughput, high precision 14C AMS with a small accelerator. International Symposium on Utilization of Accelerators, Dubrovnik, Croatia, 05–09 June 2005. IAEA–CN–115–10.

2004

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105. * Komada, T., E.R.M. Druffel, S. E. Trumbore, (2004). Oceanic export of relict carbon by small mountainous rivers. Geophysical Research Letters 31 (7), 7504, doi:10.1029/2004GL019512.

104. * Hwang, J., E.R.M. Druffel, S. Griffin, K.L. Smith, Jr., R.J. Baldwin, J.E. Bauer (2004). Temporal variability of ∆14C and d 13C in sinking POC at a deep time–series station in the Northeast Pacific Ocean, Global Biogeochemical Cycles 18, GB4015, doi:10.1029/2004GB002221.

103. * Loh, A.N., J.E. Bauer and E.R.M. Druffel (2004). Variable aging and storage of dissolved organic components in the open ocean, Nature 430 (7002), 877–881.

102. Southon, J.R. G.M. Santos, * K.C. Druffel–Rodriguez, E.R.M. Druffel, S.E. Trumbore, X. Xu, S. Griffin; * S. Ali; * M. Mazon (2004). The Keck Carbon Cycle AMS Laboratory, U.C.I.: Initial operation and a background surprise. Radiocarbon 46 (1), 41–50.

101. Druffel, E.R.M, S. Griffin, * J. Hwang, * T. Komada, * S.R. Beaupre, * K.C. Druffel–Rodriguez, G.M. Santos and J. Southon (2004). Variability of radiocarbon during the 1760s in monthly corals from the Galapagos Islands, Radiocarbon 46 (2), 627–632.

2003100. * Masiello, C.A. and E.R.M. Druffel (2003) Organic and black carbon 13C and 14C through the Santa Monica

Basin sediment oxic–anoxic transition, Geophysical Research Letters 30 (4), 1185, doi:10.1029/2002GL15050. 99. Ingalls, A.E., C. Lee and E.R.M. Druffel (2003) Preservation of organic matter in mound–forming coral

skeletons, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 67 (15), 2827–2841. 98. * Hwang, J and E.R.M. Druffel (2003). Lipid–like material as the source of the uncharacterized organic carbon

in the ocean? Science 299, 881–884. 97. Druffel, E.R.M., J.E. Bauer, S. Griffin and * J. Hwang, (2003) Penetration of anthropogenic carbon into organic

particles of the deep ocean, Geophysical Research Letter, 30, 14, 1744, doi:10.1029/2003GL017423. 96. * Grottoli, A., S. Gille, E.R.M. Druffel and R. Dunbar (2003). Decadal timescale shift in the radiocarbon record

of a central equatorial Pacific coral, Radiocarbon 45, 91–99. 2002

95. * Masiello, C. A., E.R.M. Druffel and L.A. Currie, (2002), Radiocarbon measurements of black carbon in aerosols and ocean sediments, Geochim Cosmochim Acta 66, 1025–1036.

94. Druffel, E.R.M. (2002), Radiocarbon in corals: records of the carbon cycle, surface circulation and climate, Oceanography 15, 122–127.

93. Adkins, J.A.,  S. Griffin, M. Kashgarian, H. Cheng, E R M Druffel, E A Boyle, R. L. Edwards, C.-C. Shen (2002), Methods for determining ages of deep–sea corals using 230Th and 14C dating, Radiocarbon 44, 567–580. 92. Currie, L.A., B.A. Benner, H. Cachier, R. Cary, J.C. Chow, E.R.M. Druffel, T.I. Eglinton, O. Gustafsson, P.C.

Hartman, J.I. Hedges, J.D. Kessler, T.W. Kirchstetter, D.B. Klinedinst, G.A. Klouda, S.D. Kohl, J.V. Marlof, * C.A. Masiello, T. Novakov, A. Pearson, K.M. Prentice, H. Puxbaum, J.G. Quinn, C.M. Reddy, H. Schmid, J.F. Slater and S.A. Wise, (2002), A critical evaluation of inter–laboratory data on total, elemental and isotopic carbon in the carbonaceous particle reference material, NISTSRM 1649a, Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 107, 279–298.

91. Bauer, J.E., E.R.M. Druffel, D. Wolgast, and S. Griffin, (2002) Temporal and regional variability of sources and cycling of DOC and POC in the Northwest Atlantic continental shelf and slope, Deep–Sea Research II 49 (20), 4387–4419.

200190. * Wang, X–C. and E.R.M. Druffel (2001), Radiocarbon and stable carbon isotope compositions of organic

compound classes in sediments from the NE Pacific and Southern Oceans. Marine Chemistry 73, 65–82. 89. * Masiello, C. A. and E.R.M. Druffel (2001), Carbon isotope geochemistry of the Santa Clara River. Global

Biogeochemical Cycles 15, 407–416. 88. Druffel, E.R.M., S. Griffin, T. Guilderson, M. Kashgarian, D. Schrag (2001), Changes of subtropical North

Pacific radiocarbon and correlation with climate variability, Radiocarbon 43 (1), 15–25. 87. Bauer, J.E., E.R.M. Druffel, D. Wolgast and S. Griffin (2001), Cycling of dissolved and particulate organic

radiocarbon in the Northwestern Atlantic continental margin. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 15 (3), 615.2000

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86. Gagan, M.K., L.K. Ayliffe, J.W. Beck, J.E. Cole, E.R.M. Druffel, R.B. Dunbar and D.P. Schrag (2000). New Views of Tropical Paleoclimates from Corals, Quaternary Science Reviews 19, 45–64.

85. Druffel, E.R.M. and J.E. Bauer (2000). Radiocarbon distributions in Southern Ocean dissolved and particulate organic carbon, Geophysical Research Letters 27, 1495–1498.

199984. Cherrier, J., J. E. Bauer, E.R.M. Druffel, R. Coffin and J. Chanton (1999). Radiocarbon in marine bacteria:

Evidence for the ages of assimilated carbon. Limnology and Oceanography 44 (3), 730–736. 83. * Bian, H. and E.R.M. Druffel (1999). Monthly stable isotope records in an Australian coral and their

correspondence with environmental variables. Geophysical Research Letters 26, 731–734. 82. Druffel, E.R.M. and S. Griffin (1999). Variability of surface ocean radiocarbon and stable isotopes in the

southwestern Pacific. Journal of Geophysical Research 104 (C10), 23,607–23,613. 1998

81. Bauer, J.E., E.R.M. Druffel, P.M. Williams, D.M. Wolgast and S. Griffin (1998). Temporal variability in dissolved organic carbon and radiocarbon in the eastern North Pacific Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research 103, 2867–2881.

80. Adkins, J.F., H. Cheng, E.A. Boyle, E.R.M. Druffel and L.E. Edwards (1998). Deep–sea coral evidence for rapid change in ventilation of the deep North Atlantic at 15.4 ka. Science 280, 725–728.

79. * Masiello, C.A. and E.R.M. Druffel (1998). Black carbon in deep–sea sediments. Science 280, 1911–1913.78. Druffel, E.R.M., S. Griffin, S. Honjo and S.J. Manganini (1998). Evidence of old carbon in the deep water

column of the Panama Basin from natural radiocarbon measurements. Geophysical Research Letters 25, 1733–1736.

77. * Masiello, C.A, E.R.M. Druffel and J.E. Bauer (1998). Physical controls on dissolved inorganic radiocarbon variability in the California Current. Deep–Sea Research 45 (4–5), 617–642.

76. Bauer, J.E. and E.R.M. Druffel (1998). Ocean margins as a significant source of organic matter to the deep open ocean. Nature 392, 482–485.

75. * Wang, X–C., E.R.M. Druffel and C. Lee. (1998). Radiocarbon studies of organic compound classes in plankton and sediment of the NE Pacific Ocean. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 62, 1365–1378.

74. Druffel, E.R.M., J.E. Bauer, S.M. Griffin, * X.–C. Wang and D. Wolgast (1998). Distribution of particulate organic carbon from the upper slope to the abyssal northeastern Pacific Ocean. Deep–Sea Research 45 (4–5), 667–688.

73. Bauer J.E., E.R.M. Druffel, D.M. Wolgast, S. Griffin and * C.A. Masiello (1998). Distributions of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon and radiocarbon in the North Eastern Pacific continental margin. Deep–Sea Research 45 (4–5), 689–714.

72. Bianchi, T., J.E. Bauer, E.R.M. Druffel, L. Corbet (1998) Chlorophyl a and pyrophaeophorbide in suspended POC from the NE Pacific. Deep–Sea Research 45 (4–5), 715–732.

71. Smith, K.L. and E.R.M. Druffel (1998). Long time–series studies of the benthic boundary layer at an abyssal station in the NE Pacific: An introduction. Deep–Sea Research 45 (4–5), 573–586.

70. Griffin, S. and E.R.M. Druffel (1998). Preparation of inorganic and organic carbon for radiocarbon analysis from a single marine sample. Radiocarbon 40, 29–34.

69. Druffel, ERM, S Griffin, S Honjo and SJ Manganini, Evidence of old carbon in the deep water column of the Panama Basin from natural radiocarbon measurements. Geophysical Research Letters 10, 1733-1736.

199768. Druffel, E.R.M. (1997) Pulses of rapid ventilation in the North Atlantic surface ocean during the last century,

Science 275, 1454–1457.67. Druffel, E.R.M. (1997). Geochemistry of corals: Recorders of past ocean chemistry, ocean circulation and

climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 94 (16), 8354–8361.66. Eglinton, T.I., B.C. Benitez–Nelson, A Pearson, A.P. McNichol, J.E. Bauer and E.R.M. Druffel (1997).

Variability in radiocarbon ages of individual organic compounds from marine sediments. Science 277, 796–799.1996

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65. Druffel, E.R.M., J.E. Bauer, P.M. Williams, S. Griffin and D. Wolgast (1996). Seasonal variability of radiocarbon in particulate organic carbon in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research 101, 20543–20552.

64. Cherrier, J., J.E. Bauer and E.R.M. Druffel (1996) Utilization and turnover of labile dissolved organic matter by bacterial heterotrophs in Eastern North Pacific surface waters. Marine Ecology Progress Series 139, 267–279.

63. * Wang, X–C, E.R.M. Druffel and C. Lee (1996) Evidence for sorption of old carbon to particulate material in the deep sea from radiocarbon in organic compound classes (1996). Geophysical Research Letters 23, 3583–3586.

62. Druffel, E.R.M. (1996). Post–bomb radiocarbon records from surface corals of the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Radiocarbon 38 (3), 563–572.

61. Eglinton, T.I., L.I. Aluwihare, J.E. Bauer, E.R.M. Druffel and A.P. McNichol (1996). Preparative capillary gas chromatographic isolation of individual compounds from complex matrices for radiocarbon dating. Analytical Chemistry 68, 904–912.

199560. Trumbore, S.E. and E.R.M. Druffel (1995). Carbon isotopes for characterizing sources and turnover of non–

living organic matter. Role of Nonliving Organic Matter in the Earth's Carbon Cycle, Edited by R. G. Zepp and Ch. Sonntag, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 7–22.

59. Alperin, M.J., J. Balesdent, R.H. Benner, N.V. Blough, R.F. Christman, E.R.M. Druffel, F.H. Frimmel, G. Guggenberger, D.J. Repeta, H.H. Richnow, and R.S. Swift (1995). Role of Nonliving Organic Matter in the Earth's Carbon Cycle, Edited by R.G. Zepp and Ch. Sonntag, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 67–80.

58. Bauer, J.E., C.E. Reimers, E.R M. Druffel and P.M. Williams (1995). Isotopic constraints on carbon exchange between deep ocean sediments and sea water. Nature 373, 686–689.

57. Druffel, E.R.M. and S. Griffin (1995). Regional variability of surface ocean radiocarbon from Southern Great Barrier Reef corals. Radiocarbon 37, 517–524.

56. Druffel, E.R.M., D. Donahue, S. Griffin and G. Burr (1995). Intercomparison of high–precision ∆14C analyses using gas counting and AMS, Radiocarbon 37, 791–795.

55. Druffel, E.R.M., S. Griffin, * A. Witter, E. Nelson, J. Southon, M. Kashgarian and J. Vogel (1995). Gerardia: Bristlecone Pine of the deep–sea? Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 59, 5031–5036.

54. Druffel, E.R.M. and S. Griffin (1995). Radiocarbon in tropospheric CO2 and organic materials from selected northern hemisphere sites. Radiocarbon 37, 883–888.

199353. Delaney, M.L., E.R.M. Druffel, and * L. Linn (1993). Seasonal cycles of manganese and cadmium in

Galapagos coral. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 57, 347–354.52. Edwards, R. L., J.W. Beck, G. Burr, D. Donahue, J.M.A. Chappell, A.L. Bloom, E.R.M. Druffel, and F. W.

Taylor (1993). A large drop in atmospheric 14C/12C and greatly reduced glacial melting during the Younger Dryas, documented with 230Th ages of corals. Science 260, 962–968.

51. * Van Scoy, K. A. and E.R.M. Druffel (1993). Ventilation and transport of thermocline and intermediate waters in the Northeast Pacific during recent El Niños. Journal of Geophysical Research 98, 18083–18088.

50. Druffel, E.R.M. and S. Griffin (1993). Large variations of surface ocean radiocarbon: evidence of circulation changes in the southwestern Pacific. Journal of Geophysical Research 98, 20249–20259.

199249. Bauer, J.E., P.M. Williams, and E.R.M. Druffel (1992). Recovery of sub–milligram quantities of carbon

dioxide from gas streams by molecular sieve for subsequent determination of isotopic (13C and 14C) natural abundances. Analytical Chemistry 64, 824–827.

48. Bauer, J.E., P.M. Williams, and E.R.M. Druffel (1992). 14C activity of dissolved organic carbon fractions in the north central Pacific and Sargasso Sea. Nature 357, 667–670.

47. Druffel, E.R.M. and P.M. Williams (1992). The importance of isotope and other complimentary measurements in marine organic geochemistry. Marine Chemistry 39, 209–215.

46. McNichol, A.P. and E.R.M. Druffel (1992). Variability of the 13C of dissolved inorganic carbon at a site in the North Pacific Ocean. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 56, 3589–3592.

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45. Burr, G.R., L. Edwards, D. Donahue, E.R.M. Druffel, F. Taylor, and A. Bloom (1992). Mass spectrometric 14C and U–Th measurements in corals. Radiocarbon 34(3), 611–618.

44. Williams, P.M., K.J. Robertson, A. Soutar, S.M. Griffin, and E.R.M. Druffel (1992). Isotopic signatures (14C, 13C, 15N) as tracers of sources and cycling of soluble and particulate organic matter in the Santa Monica Basin. Progress in Oceanography 30, 253–290.

43. Druffel, E.R.M., P.M. Williams, J.E. Bauer, and J. Ertel (1992). Cycling of dissolved and particulate organic matter in the open ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research 97, 15639–15659.

42. Goodfriend, G., E. Hare and E.R.M. Druffel (1992). Aspartic acid racemization and protein diagenesis in corals over the last 350 years. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 56, 3847–3850.

199141. * McNichol, A.P., E.R.M. Druffel, and C. Lee (1991). Carbon cycling in coastal sediments: 2. An investigation

of the sources of CO2 to pore water using carbon isotopes. In: Organic Substances and Sediment in Water, Vol. 2, Processes and Analytical, ed. R. A. Baker, Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, MI, 249–272.

40. Druffel, E.R.M. and P.M. Williams (1991). Radiocarbon in seawater and organisms from the Pacific coast of Baja, California. Radiocarbon 33 (3), 291–296.

199039. * Linn, L. J., M.L. Delaney, and E.R.M. Druffel (1990). Trace metals in contemporary and 17th–century

Galapagos corals: proxy records of seasonal and annual variations. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 54, 387–394.

38. Lalou, C., G. Thompson, M. Arnold, E. Brichet, E. Druffel, and P.A. Rona (1990). Geochronology of TAG and Snakepit hydrothermal fields, Mid–Atlantic Ridge: witness to a long, complex hydrothermal history. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 97, 113–128.

37. Druffel, E.R.M., * L.L. King, R.A. Belastock, and K.O. Buesseler (1990). Growth rate of a deep–sea coral using 210Pb and other isotopes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 54, 1493–1500.

36. Druffel, E.R.M. and P.W. Williams (1990). Identification of a deep source of particulate organic carbon using bomb 14C. Nature 347, 172–174.

35. Druffel, E.R.M., R. Dunbar, G. Wellington, and S. Minnis (1990). Reef–building corals and identification of ENSO warming episodes. Chapter in: Global Ecological Consequences of the 1982/83 El Nino Southern–Oscillation, Peter Glynn, editor, Elsevier Oceanography Series, 52, New York, 233–253.

198934. Smith, K.L., P.M. Williams, and E.R.M. Druffel (1989). Upward flux of organic carbon in the deep–sea.

Nature 337, 724–726. 33. Druffel, E.R.M. (1989). Variability of ventilation in the North Atlantic determined from high precision

measurements of bomb radiocarbon in banded corals. Journal of Geophysical Research 94, 3271–3285.32. * Purdy, C., E.R.M. Druffel, and H. Livingston (1989). Anomalous levels of 90Sr and 239,240Pu in Florida corals:

Evidence of coastal processes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 53, 1401–1410.31. Druffel, E.R.M., P.M. Williams, and Y. Suzuki (1989). Radiocarbon levels and concentrations of dissolved

organic matter in Pacific Ocean waters. Geophysical Research Letters 16, 991–994.30. Druffel, E.R.M., P.M. Williams, K.L. Robertson, S. Griffin, A.J.T. Jull, and D. Donahue (1989). Radiocarbon

in dissolved organic and inorganic carbon from the central North Pacific. Radiocarbon 31, 523–532.29. Griffin, S. and E.R.M. Druffel (1989). Sources of carbon to deep–sea coral skeletons. Radiocarbon 31, 533–

542.1988

28. Landman, N., E.R.M. Druffel, K. Cochran, D.J. Donahue, and A.J.T. Jull (1988). Bomb–produced radiocarbon in the shell of the chambered nautilus: Rate of growth and age at maturity. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 89, 28–34.

27. * McNichol, A., C. Lee, and E.R.M. Druffel (1988). Carbon cycling in coastal sediment: 1. A quantitative estimate of the remineralization of organic carbon in the sediments of Buzzards Bay, MA. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 52, 1531–1543.

26. Emery, K.O., A.S. Merrill, and E.R.M. Druffel (1988). Changed late Pleistocene and Holocene marine environments on Atlantic Continental Shelf and Upper Slope. Quaternary Research 30, 1–19.

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198725. Williams, P.M., E.R.M. Druffel, and K.L. Smith, Jr. (1987). Dietary carbon sources for deep–sea organisms as

inferred from their organic radiocarbon activities. Deep–Sea Research 34, 253–266.24. Khalaf, F., J.D. Milliman, and E.R.M. Druffel (1987). Submarine limestones in the nearshore environment off

Kuwait, Northern Arabian Gulf. Sedimentology 34, 67–75.23. Druffel, E.R.M. (1987). Bomb radiocarbon in the Pacific: Annual and seasonal timescale variations. Journal of

Marine Research 45, 667–698.22. Bada, J.L., C.D. Vrolijk, S. Brown, E.R.M. Druffel, and R E.M. Hedges (1987). Bomb radiocarbon in

metabolically inert tissues from terrestrial and marine mammals. Geophysical Research Letters 14, 1065–1067.21. Williams, P.M. and E.R.M. Druffel (1987). Radiocarbon in dissolved organic carbon in the central North

Pacific Ocean. Nature 330, 246–248.1986

20. Druffel, E.R.M. and * L.M. Benavides (1986). Input of excess CO2 to the surface ocean based on 13C/12C ratios in a banded Jamaican sclerosponge. Nature 321, 58–61.

19. Mok, H. Y. I., E. M. Druffel, and * W. Rampone (1986). Growth rate of human gallstones using bomb–produced radiocarbon. New England Journal of Medicine 314, 1075–1077.

18. * Benavides, L.M. and E.R.M. Druffel (1986). Sclerosponge growth rate as determined by 210Pb and 14C chronologies. Coral Reefs 4, 221–224.

17. Druffel, E.R.M., S. Honjo, S. Griffin, and C.S. Wong (1986). Radiocarbon in particulate matter from the eastern Subarctic Pacific Ocean: Evidence of a terrestrial source of carbon to the deep sea. Radiocarbon, 28, 397–407.

198516. Druffel, E.R.M. (1985). Detection of El Nino and decade timescale variations of sea surface temperature from

banded coral records: Implications for the carbon dioxide cycle. Proc. AGU Chapman Conference on Natural CO2 changes, Tampa, Florida, Jan. 1984. Geophysical Monographs 32, 111–122.

15. Griffin, S.M. and E.R.M. Druffel (1985). Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Radiocarbon Laboratory: Sample treatment and gas preparation. Radiocarbon 27, 43–51.

14. Mottl, M.J., E.R.M. Druffel, S.R. Hart, J.R. Lawrence, and E. Saltzman (1985). Chemistry of hot waters sampled from basaltic basement in Hole 504B, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 83, Costa Rica Rift. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project vol. LXXXIII, pp. 315–328.

198413. Keigwin, L., B. Corliss, E.R.M. Druffel, and E. Laine (1984). High resolution isotopic studies of the latest

deglaciation from Bermuda Rise cores. Quaternary Research 22, 383–386.12. Druffel, E.R.M., P.M. Williams, H. Livingston, and M. Koide (1984). Variability of natural and bomb–

produced radionuclide distributions in abyssal red clay sediments. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 71, 205–214.

198311. Druffel, E.M. and H.E. Suess (1983). On the radiocarbon record in banded corals: Exchange parameters and net

transport of 14CO2 between atmosphere and surface ocean. J. Geophysical Research 88 (C2), 1271–1280.10. Druffel, E.M. (1983). Long–term variability of temperature and radiocarbon in the Gulf Stream: oceanographic

implications. Radiocarbon 25, 449–458.9. Druffel, E.M. and H.Y.I. Mok (1983). Time history of human gallstones: Application of the past–bomb

radiocarbon signal. Radiocarbon, 25, 629–636.8. Michel, R. L. and . M. Druffel (1983). Radiocarbon in the Weddell Sea as observed in a deep–sea coral and in

krill. Geophysical Research Letters 10, 190–192. 7. Glynn, P., E.R.M. Druffel, and R. Dunbar (1983). A dead Central American coral reef tract: Possible link with

the Little Ice Age. Journal of Marine Research 41, 605–637.1982

6. Druffel, E.M. (1982). Banded corals: Changes in oceanic 14C levels during the Little Ice Age. Science 218, 13–19.

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19815. Druffel, E.M. (1981). Radiocarbon in annual coral rings from the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Geophysical

Research Letters 8, 59–62. 4. Williams, P.W., K.L. Smith, E.M. Druffel, and T.W. Linick (1981). Dietary carbon sources of mussel and

tubeworm from Galapagos hydrothermal vent determined from tissue 14C activity. Nature 292, 448–449.1980

3. Druffel, E.M. (1980). Radiocarbon in annual coral rings of Belize and Florida. Tenth International Radiocarbon Conference, Bern and Heidelberg, 1979, Radiocarbon 22, 363–371.

19782. Druffel, E.M. and T.W. Linick (1978). Radiocarbon in annual coral rings of Florida. Geophysical Research

Letters 5, 913–916. 1. Williams, P.M., M.C. Stenhouse, E.M. Druffel, and M. Koide (1978). Organic 14C activity in abyssal marine

sediment. Nature 276, 698–701.

Other Publications: Druffel, E.R.M. (1989). Marine Diaries of Past Climate. Report of the GICME (Geological Indicators of Climate

from Marine Environments) Workshop. Eos Trans. AGU 70 (14), 211–211, 10.1029/89EO00115.Druffel, E.R.M. (1998). Dedication to Peter M. Williams. Deep–Sea Res. 45 (4–5), 569–572.Druffel, E.R.M. (2005), Women in Oceanography. Oceanography 18 (1), 108.Sanchez Cabeza, J.A. and E.R.M. Druffel (2009). Environmental records of anthropogenic impacts on

coastal ecosystems: An introduction. Marine Pollution Bulletin 59, 87–90. Druffel, E.R.M., S. Griffin and K.C. Druffel-Rodriguez (2017). Obituary: William F. Cain, S.J. (1937–2017),

Radiocarbon, doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2017.81.

Graduate Students Supervised:Christian Lewis UCI Ph.D., 2015–Alysha I. Coppola UCI Ph.D., 2009–2015, now postdoctoral at University of ZurichMary A. Pack UCI Ph.D., 2008–2010, now Adjunct Professor at California Lutheran U Lori Ziolkowski UCI Ph.D., 2004–2009, now Professor at University of South CarolinaSteve R. Beaupré UCI Ph.D., 2000–2007, now Professor at SUNY Stony Brook, NY Jeomshik Hwang UCI Ph.D., 1999–2004, now Professor at University of Seoul, South KoreaCaroline Masiello UCI Ph.D., 1994–1999, now Professor at Rice University, Houston, TXLaura Linn UCSC M.S., Marine Sciences, 1987–1988Caroline Purdy U. Maryland M.S., Chemistry, 1984–1987, Department of EnergyLivia M. Benavides MIT M.S., Civil Engineering, 1982–1984, now at the World BankAnn P. McNichol WHOI/MIT Ph.D., 1986, now Senior Research Specialist at NOSAMS WHOI

Postdoctorals and Project Scientists Supervised:Ning Wang 2016, now Researcher at Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese

Academy of SciencesBrett D. Walker 2012–2015, now Researcher at UCIMary A. Pack 2011–2012, now Adjunct Professor at California Lutheran UniversityRicardo De Pol–Holz 2009–2011, now Professor at Universidad de Magallanes, ChileTomoko Komada 2001–2004, now Professor at San Francisco State University Jeomshik Hwang 2004–2005, now Professor at University of Seoul, South KoreaSteve R. Beaupré 2007–2009, now Professor at SUNY Stony BrookAndrea Grottoli 1997–2000, now Professor at Ohio State UniversityXuchen Wang 1994–1997, now Dean at Ocean University of China, Qingdao

13

Kim Van Scoy 1991–1992, now Professor at University of the Ozarks

Other Research Supervision:Undergraduate Students: Jennifer Spadanuta, 1996; Mousamy Khan, 1996–1997; Jenny DeClue, 2000; Ken Guinto, 2000–2003; Kelsey McDuffee, 2002–2004; Leslie Roland, 2003–2004; Kevin Druffel–Rodriguez, 2003–2004; Jenny Kung, 2004–2005; Elise Hinger 2006–2008; Desireé Vetter, 2008–2010; Danielle Glynn, 2010–2013; Christopher Glynn, 2013–2016; Nicholas Zajicek 2014–2015; Noreen Garcia, 2016– ; Jamie Hearn, 2016; Nassib Shammas, 2016.Graduate Students: Hilary Kennedy, 1985; Linda King, 1986; William Spitzer, 1985–1986; Yair Rosenthal, 1988; Henry Legarre, 1988; Constance Hart, 1991; Huisheng Bian, 1996.

Thesis, Advisory, Exam Committees:David Graham (WHOI/MIT Ph.D.) 1982–1983; Margaret Delaney (WHOI/MIT, Ph.D.) 1983; Gabory Benoit (WHOI/MIT, Ph.D.) 1983; John Jasper (WHOI/MIT, Ph.D.) 1983; Ken Buesseler (WHOI/MIT, Ph.D.) 1983, 1986; Glen Shen (WHOI/MIT Ph.D.) 1981–1986; Elisabeth Sikes (WHOI/MIT, Ph.D.) 1985–1986; Brian Palenik (WHOI/MIT Ph.D.) 1985; Scott Doney (WHOI/MIT, Ph.D.) 1988, 1991; Yair Rosenthal (WHOI/MIT, Ph.D.) 1988–1990; Sarah Green (WHOI/MIT, Ph.D.) 1988–1992; Debra Colodner (WHOI/MIT, Ph.D.) 1988; Jonathan Betts (WHOI/MIT, Ph.D.) 1990–1992; Julian Sachs (WHOI/MIT, Ph.D.) 1991–1993; Michaele Kashgarian (Yale U., Ph.D.) 1992–1993; Supriya Chakraborty (Phys. Res. Lab., Navrangpura, Ahmedabad) 1992–94; Shannon Regli (UCI, ESS M.S.) 1995–1996; Jennifer King (UCI, ESS Ph.D.) 1995–1999; Bryan Hannigan (UCI, ESS Ph.D.) 1995–2000; Helen Perks (Scripps, Ph.D.) 1996–1999; Julia Gaudinski (UCI, ESS Ph.D.) 1996–2001; Huisheng Bian (UCI, ESS Ph.D.) 1996–1997; Anitra Ingalls (SUNY Stony Brook, M.S. and Ph.D.) 1999–2002; Ali Boehm (UCI, School of Engineering, Ph.D.) 1998–2000; John Kessler (UCI, ESS Ph.D.) 2000–2006; Enir Costa (UCI, ESS, M.S.) 2001–2002; Erica Hendy (Australian National University, external examiner, Ph.D.) 2003; Roman de Jesus (Scripps, GRD, Ph.D.) 2004–2008; Eun Young Kwon (UCI, ESS, Ph.D.) 2004–2008; Roberta Hansman (Scripps, GRD, Ph.D.) 2004–2008; Hsun–Ying Kao (UCI, ESS, Ph.D.) 2006–2009; Aparna Krishnamurthy (UCI, ESS, Ph.D.) 2006–2009; Tim deVries (UCI, ESS, Ph.D.) 2007–2010; Michael Lawler (UCI, ESS, Ph.D.) 2007; Shanlin Wang (UCI, ESS, Ph.D.) 2009–2012; Alexandra Magana (UCI, ESS, Ph.D.) 2010–2014; Ian Ball (Scripps, GRD, Ph.D.) 2010–2013; Staryl McCabe–Glynn (UCI, ESS, Ph.D.) 2009–2014; Chao Kim (UCI, ESS, M.S.) 2010–2011; Elliot Sherman (UCI, ESS, Ph.D.) 2013; Renato Salvatteci (Pierre & Marie Curie University, Ph.D. jury member) 2013; Mackenzie Grieman (UCI, ESS, Ph.D.) 2012–2016; Gergana Mouteva; (UCI, ESS, Ph.D.) 2013– 2015; Clayton Elder (UCI, ESS, Ph.D.) 2014–; Melinda Nicewonger (UCI, ESS, Ph.D.) 2015– .

Selected Presentations (during the last 3 years):Ocean Sciences Meeting, Honolulu, February 2014, “Radiocarbon in Dissolved Organic Carbon from the Atlantic

and Arctic Oceans”Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Tech. of the Ministry of Education Ocean University of China

28 May 2014, “14C in the Oceans: Clues For Understanding Circulation and Climate Changes”International Workshop on Radiocarbon Study and Applications in Oceanography Key Laboratory of Marine

Chemistry Theory and Tech. of the Ministry of Education Ocean University of China, 29 May 2014, “Cycling of Dissolved Organic Carbon and Black Carbon in the Ocean: Some 14C Surprises”

Cal Tech, Environmental and Engineering Seminar, 27 May 2015, “A New Look at the Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) Cycle in the Global Ocean”

Ocean Sciences Meeting, New Orleans, LA, February 2016, “Bomb and Natural 14C in Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) in the Atlantic Ocean – Emerging Global Trends”

Drought to Deluge: California to Paris, Interfaith Power and Light Seminar, January 2016, “Past El Niños – Clues from Corals”

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Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 6 March 2017, Tsaihwa Chow Lecture Series, ”New Look at the Dissolved Organic (DOC) Cycle in the Global Ocean”

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 7 March 2017, Tsaihwa Chow Lecture Series, ”What surface 14C deficits can reveal about the upwelling portion of the ocean’s overturning circulation”

Second Radiocarbon in the Environment Conference, Debrecen, Hungary, 4 July 2017, invited talk, “Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the deep ocean contains bomb 14C”

Courses Taught:Topics in Biogeochemistry, Fluxes in the Ocean (PS231A), 1994, 1995Paleoclimatology (ESS201C, ESS212A), 1995, 1996, 1997, 2001, 2004–2005, 2008Introduction to Oceanography for non–science majors (ESS3), 1996–2003, 2006, 2009, 2010Fundamentals of the Earth System (ESS201A/101A), 2002Ocean Biogeochemistry (ESS210/110, 202B), 2002–2005Introduction to Earth and Environmental Sciences (ESS25), 2003–2005, 2007, 2011Biogeochemistry (ESS261), 2009–2011Global Sustainability, Freshman Integrative Program (US13A), 2011–2015Marine Geochemistry (ESS144), 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016Ocean Processes (ESS 224), 2014

Proposals Funded as Principal Investigator:American Chemical Society, Petroleum Research Fund, New Directions, Molecular-level Composition

and Cycling of Dissolved Protokerogen: A Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Carbon Isotopic Study, (with Dr. Brett D. Walker) 2015-2018.

NSF, Chemical Oceanography, Cycling of marine dissolved organic matter in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans using radiocarbon, 2015–2018.

UC MEXUS, The use of geochemical tracers in corals from Baja California to investigate changes in upwelling intensity in the context of long term climate change, (with Julie Ferguson and Jose Carriquiry) 2012–2014.

NSF, Office of Polar Programs, Radiocarbon in Dissolved Organic Matter in the Arctic Ocean, 2010–2015.

NSF, Chemical Oceanography, Radiocarbon in Marine Dissolved Organic Matter in Ocean Water, 2010–2014.

NSF, Chemical Oceanography, Study of Seasonal Radiocarbon Variability in the Eastern Tropical Pacific During Periods of Decadal and Inter–annual Climate Shifts, 2006–2011.

NSF, Marine Geology and Geophysics (Earth System History), Variability of Climate and Carbon Cycling in the Tropical Pacific During Periods of Abrupt Thermocline Shift. 2005–2009.

NSF, EAR/Instrumentation and Facilities, Acquisition of capability for single–compound AMS measurement of organic matter in soils, suspended river and oceanic particles and sediment at the W.M. Keck C Cycle AMS Facility at UC Irvine. 2005–2008.

American Chemical Society, Petroleum Research Fund, Sources of Carbon for the Production of Protokerogen: A Carbon Isotope Study, (with Jeomshik Hwang) 2003–2005.

Jenkins Foundation, Investigations of Corals at Palmyra Atoll. 2003–2006.NSF, Chemical Oceanography, Decade Time Scale Variability of Radiocarbon and the CO2 Cycle in the

Eastern Tropical Pacific. 2002–2005.W. M. Keck Foundation, Carbon Cycle Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility (with S. Trumbore and J.

Southon). 2001–2004.U.C. Office of the President, Coastal Environmental Quality Grant for doctoral student J. Hwang. 2001–

2003.Camille & Henry Dreyfus Foundation, Global Change Research with the UCI Department of Earth

System Science: An Opportunity for Postdoctoral Training in Environmental Chemistry, 2001–2004, and 1997–1999.

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NOAA, Paleoclimatology, Identification and Modeling of Seasonal to Decadal Timescale Variations in the Zonal Currents of the Central Equatorial Pacific. 1999–2002.

NSF, SGER to study the 1997–1998 El Nino, (with J.E. Bauer). 1998–2000.NSF, Chemical Oceanography, Penetration of the Bomb 14C Transient in the Dissolved and Particulate

Organic Carbon Pools in Two Mid–Ocean Gyres. 1998–2001.NSF, Chemical Oceanography, Identification of Non–Steady State Changes in Surface Ocean Circulation

from Radiocarbon in Corals. 1997–2000.DOE, Sources and Turnover Times of Dissolved, Colloidal and Particulate Organic Carbon in Waters of

the Middle Atlantic Bight. 1995–1998.NSF, Division Research Traineeships in Geosciences and Environmental Physical Sciences, An

Interdisciplinary Effort Between the Program of Earth System Science and the Chemistry Department at UC Irvine. 1994–1999.

Lawrence Livermore National Labs, The Study of Particulate Organic Carbon Cycling in the NE Pacific Using AMS Radiocarbon. 1994–1996.

NSF, Chemical Oceanography: Radiocarbon Investigations of Dissolved and Particulate Organic Carbon Cycling in the North Pacific and Antarctic Oceans. 1994–1997 .

NSF, Chemical Oceanography: Investigations of Past Variations in Surface Ocean Radiocarbon during the Holocene. 1993–1996.

DOE, Transformation Rates and Fate of Dissolved, Colloidal and Particulate Forms of Organic Carbon in Ocean Margins, (K.O. Buesseler and S.B. Moran, Co–PIs). 1992–1995.

Mellon Study Award: Numerical Modeling of Bomb Radiocarbon in the Equatorial Pacific, 1991–1992.NSF, Chemical Oceanography: Radiocarbon Studies of Dissolved and Particulate Organic Carbon in the

Eastern North Pacific and Amazon Plume Regions, 1991–1994.NSF, Chemical Oceanography: An Evaluation of the Variability of the 14CO2 Cycle in the Upper Ocean,

1990–1993.NSF, Chemical Oceanography: Investigations of the Marine Organic Carbon Cycle in the North Atlantic

Ocean, 1987–1990.NSF, Chemical Oceanography: Studies of the CO2 Cycle in the Upper Ocean: Time Histories of

Radiocarbon, Temperature and Trace Metals in Hermatypic and Deep–Sea Corals, 1986–1989.NSF, Visiting Professorships for Women Award, Chemical Oceanography: Investigations of Trace

Metals in Corals as a Tracer of ENSO, 1986–87.NSF, Chemical Oceanography: Investigations of the Marine Carbon Cycle in the North Pacific Ocean,

1984–1987.NSF, Atmospheric Sciences: Holocene Climate Variability from High–Sedimentation Rate Deep–Sea

Cores, (L.D. Keigwin, co–PI). 1984–1986.Mellon Study Award: Modeling the Radiocarbon System, 1984–1985.NSF, Chemical Oceanography: Investigations of the Carbon Dioxide Cycle in the Upper Ocean: Time Histories of Temperature and Various Radionuclides from Hermatypic and Deep–Sea

Corals, 1983–1986.NSF, Chemical Oceanography: Collection and Preliminary 14C and 13C Isotopic Analyses of a Long

Core of Australian Coral, 1982–1984.OIP (Ocean Industries Program): Acquisition of a Radiocarbon Detection System at WHOI, 1981.NSF, Chemical Oceanography: Investigations of Stable Isotopes and Radiocarbon in Annual Coral Rings,

1981–1983.NSF, Chemical Oceanography: Investigations of Radiocarbon in Annual Coral Rings, 1979–1981.

Oceanographic Cruises:1980 R/V New Horizon, RT San Diego, 3–13 Oct1982 R/V Lulu–DSRV Alvin, Freeport to Nassau, Bahamas, 10–24 Oct1983 R/V Cape Hatteras, Beaufort to Nassau, 14–19 Jan1983 Chief Scientist, R/V Magnum, Heron Is. to Gladstone, Queensland, 10–25 Nov

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1984 R/V Atlantis II/DSRV Alvin, RT Nassau, Bahamas, 14–28 Feb1987 R/V Melville, Honolulu to San Diego, 3 June–11 July1989 Co-Chief Scientist, R/V Melville, RT Woods Hole, 25 May–25 June1991 R/V Sirius, Heron Is. to Hamilton Is. (Queensland, Aust.), 9–17 May1992 R/V New Horizon, RT San Diego, 19 June–1 July1994 R/V Atlantis II/Alvin, RT San Diego, 10–26 Sept1995 Chief Scientist, R/V Melville, Chatham Is. to Dunedin, New Zealand, 11 Dec–6 Jan1998 R/V New Horizon, Port Hueneme to San Diego, 29 Aug–3 Sept1999 Chief Scientist, R/V Melville, Honolulu to Honolulu, 24 May–15 June2000 Co–Chief Scientist, R/V Knorr, RT Norfolk, 11 June–2 July2001 R/V New Horizon, RT San Diego, 15–28 Aug2002 R/V New Horizon, RT San Diego, 6–14 May2005 Palmyra Atoll, 2–8 June, coral coring2007 IAEA Coordinated Research Prog. Mission Leader, Palmyra Atoll, 30 May–10 June, coral coring

Volunteer Activities:Trail Guide and Fire Watch Volunteer, Irvine Ranch Conservancy, 2014–Donate glass art to Huntington’s Disease Silent Auctions and Studio Channel Islands, 2006–

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