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Elements of Design
The elements are components or parts which can be isolated and
defined in any visual design or work of art. They are the structure of the
work, and can carry a wide variety of messages.
Line, Shape, Space, Color, Form, Texture, Value
Line• Line is the path of a
moving point. Lines can be vertical, horizontal, diagonal, curved, angular, zigzag, bent, straight, interrupted, thick, thin, parallel, cross-hatched, or spiral. Lines can be implied, an outline showing the edge of something.
Line, Shape, Space, Color, Form, Texture, Value
Shape• The two-dimensional
are enclosed by an outline; height and width. Shape can be realistic, geometric, abstract, idealized, naturalistic, nonrepresentational, amorphous and biomorphic
Line, Shape, Space, Color, Form, Texture, Value
Space• The distance or area
between, around above, below, and within things. Negative spaces surround positive shapes. Artist create the illusion of a background, foreground, and middle ground.
Line, Shape, Space, Color, Form, Texture, Value
Color• Hue• Primary colors• Secondary color• Tertiary colors• Complementary colors• Analogous colors• Intensity• Warm colors• Color colors• Neutrals• Tone• Tint• Shade• Monochromatic• Achromatic
Complementary colors
Analogous colors
Line, Shape, Space, Color, Form, Texture, Value
Form• The three-
dimensional height, width and depth. Forms can be cubes, spheres, pyramids, and cylinders. Flowing asymmetrical forms are free form or organic.
Line, Shape, Space, Color, Form, Texture, Value
Texture• Real or actual texture• Implied or simulated
texture: those that can be felt painted or drawn texture
• Texture can be slick, smooth, rough, velvety, satiny, bumpy,…
Line, Shape, Space, Color, Form, Texture, Value
Value• Differences in hue or
neutral ranging from the light to the darkest, for example, white to black.
Line, Shape, Space, Color, Form, Texture, Value
Principles of Design
Principles of Design are the different ways the elements of art have been used in artwork.
The elements of art are organized by artist to create a
composition. Balance, Emphasis, Rhythm, Unity, Contrast, Movement
Balance• The equilibrium or
stability of various elements may be arranged formal (symmetrical) or elements may be arranged informal (asymmetrical). Radial symmetry arranges elements from a central point.
Balance, Emphasis, Rhythm, Unity, Contrast, Movement
Emphasis• The center of interest
or focal point, which may be the largest, brightest, or lightest subject.
Balance, Emphasis, Rhythm, Unity, Contrast, Movement
Regularrhythm
Flowingrhythm
Progressiverhythm
Rhythm• Rhythm is the repetition or alternation
of elements, often with defined intervals between them. Rhythm can create a sense of movement, and can establish pattern and texture. Regular:
• A regular rhythm occurs when the intervals between the elements, and often the elements themselves, are similar in size or length.
• Flowing: A flowing rhythm gives a sense of movement, and is often more organic in nature.
• Progressive: A progressive rhythm shows a sequence of forms through a progression of steps.
Balance, Emphasis, Rhythm, Unity, Contrast, Movement
Unity• The harmony of all
the visual elements in a composition. The feeling of completeness or wholeness of a balance and organized composition of the elements and principles.
Balance, Emphasis, Rhythm, Unity, Contrast, Movement
Contrast• Contrast in art and
design occurs when two related elements are different. The greater the difference the greater the contrast. Contrast adds variety to the total design and creates unity. It is what draws the viewer's eye into the painting and helps to guide the viewer around the art piece. Pos/neg,thick/thin lines,light/dark
Balance, Emphasis, Rhythm, Unity, Contrast, Movement
Movement• When the elements
are put together to have the illusion of movement and action. It invites the eye to go from one area to the next. Mobiles, video, film, and digital 3-D illustration have actual movement.
Balance, Emphasis, Rhythm, Unity, Contrast, Movement
Elements & Principles of Design
Balance, Emphasis, Rhythm, Unity, Contrast, Movement
Line, Shape, Space, Color, Form, Texture, Value