Elements of Music Mam Ven

7/28/2019 Elements of Music Mam Ven

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Elements of Music


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Instrumentation


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Five Groups of InstrumentsPercussion Strings Brass Electronic Woodwinds

Drums Dulcimer Trumpet Synthesizer/

Keyboard

Bassoon

Cymbals Violin Tuba Panpipes


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Notation

Bar lines ~ vertical lines drawn through the staff tomark off measuresBass sign ~ appears at the beginning in a pieceClef sign ~ appear at the beginning in a piece

Grand Staff~ combined treble and bass staffKey signature ~ designation of sharps and flats atthe beginning of a composition to indicate its' basicscale and tonalityNatural ~ note that is neither sharp or a flatPitch ~ Music alphabet goes from A to GRest ~ type of notation is used to indicate silencein music


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Staff

Five parallel, equidistant lines withspaces in between.


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Bar Lines

A vertical line placed in a STAFF

to mark off MEASURES.


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Clefs Musical symbol that names lines and spaces. There

are two :

TREBLE Clef BASS Clef


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Treble Clef Also called the "G" clef because the loop at the bottom wraps

around the line on a staff for the 'G' note above middle 'C'. The Lines designate the following notes, in order from the

bottom, up : E,G, B, D, F. - This is easily remembered by

using the mnemonic "Every Good Boy Does Fine"

The spaces are for the notes F, A, C, E, in order from the

bottom up.


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Bass Clef

Also called the "F" clef as the dots are placed above and

below the line marking 'F' below middle 'C'.

The lines are labeled G, B, D, F, A or "Good Boys Do Fine

Always"

The spaces are called A, C, E G or "All cows eat grass"


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Ledger Lines

Lines added above or below the staff. In the picture

(left) both notes with ledger lines indicate middle C.


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C to C to C


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Reading Music

Quarter note ~ receives one beat in 4/4 time

Dot ~ adds half the value of the note to the note.

Fermata ~ symbol which indicates a hold

Flat ~ symbol that lowers a pitch by one half step

Sharp ~ symbol that raises a pitch by one half step


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Tempo

Speed of the music

Allegro ~ fast and lively tempo

Moderato ~ moderate tempo

Largo ~ very slow

Syncopation ~ a deliberate shift of thenormal pulse


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Melody

tune: a succession of notes forming a

distinctive sequence; She was humming an

air from Beethoven."

The part of the song you sing.

The main part of the song.


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Timbre

The character or quality of a sound that

distinguishes one instrument, voice, or other

sound source from another.

The blat of a tuba

The thundering of the bass

The wail of a harmonica


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Harmony

Harmony is the use and study of pitch simultaneity

and chords, actual or implied, in music. It is

sometimes referred to as the "vertical" aspect of

music, with melody being the "horizontal" aspect.

Very often, harmony is a result of counterpoint or

polyphony, several melodic lines or motifs being

played at once, though harmony may control the

counterpoint.


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Dynamics

Varying degrees of loud and soft.

Fortissimo (ff)very loud

Mezzo fortisimo (mf) medium loud

Mezzo pianissimo (mp) Medium soft

Pianissimo (pp) very softly


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More Music Definitions Al fine~ musical term which indicates "the end

Cadence ~ musical chord sequence moving to a harmonic close or point of rest giving a harmoniccompletion

Coda ~ short connecting section or an added ending or "Tag" at the end of a composition Crescendo < ~ play louder

D.C. (da Capo)~ means "from the beginning

D.S. (del Segno) ~ music term, which indicates the end of a section to be repeated

D.S. al Fine ~ musical term which indicates to go back to the sign and perform to the end

Duple meter~ 2/4 time

Harmonic progressions ~ used in the "Blues," harmonic device serves as the basis for musicalorganization

Homophonic ~ having a single melodic line with accompaniment, as in Motet or Choral sung infour parts

Modulation ~ change of key within a composition

Monophonic ~ one melody line, as in plain song or Gregorian Chant

Phrase ~ represents a complete musical idea, comparable to a complete sentence

Polyphonic ~ musical selection that has more than one melody line

Sonata-allegro form ~ musical form consisting of three sections: exposition, development andrecapitulation

Triads ~ term for a chord of three tones consisting of a root, a third and a fifth Triple meter~ time


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Musical Forms Rondocomposition consisting of a recurring

theme alternating with contrasting sections

Theme and variationsmusical form in which a

main idea is stated musically, then the idea is

varied Sonata-allegro formmusical form consisting

of three sections:

Exposition

Development

Recapitulation

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Elements of Music Mam Ven