Wednesday February 14

1. Bellringer: HIPP Teddy cartoon

• Annotate excerpt on TR

• Discuss Gilman

• Discuss Teddy

2. Venn Diagram: Teddy, Taft, and Wilson.

Electronics Off & Away

• Dark side to

Industrialization

• Garbage

Box

• Chicago

• 1900

• Frequent crashes led to thousands of

injuries and deaths each year.

Orphan Trains

• 30,000 children were homeless in New York City in the 1850s.

• 1853 to the early 1900s and more than 120,000 children were placed

Why did TR want to conserve?

• Logging in California c. 1890. Redwood is rounded and hooked to a trace of oxen, and driven by a bullwhacker along “skid road”. Often corrupted as “skid row”, the pejorative term that we use today for a bad area.

“We are prone to speak of the resources

of this country as inexhaustible; this is not so. The mineral

wealth of the country, the coal, iron, gas, and the like, does not

reproduce itself, and therefore is certain to be exhausted

ultimately; and wastefulness in dealing with it to-day means that

our descendants will feel the exhaustion a generation or two

before they otherwise would.” - TR Message to Congress,

1907

May 1902 – 140,000 anthracite miners go on strike. Underpaid. Forced to buy overpriced supplies in company stores and live in company owned homes.

UMW forms under John Mitchell -mines were mostly owned by railroads, the biggest owner being J.P. Morgan refused to recognize or negotiate.

As economy slowed (run mostly on coal) and winter neared, Teddy Roosevelt stepped in and threatened to use troops – but unlike past Presidents – use troops to run mines and take profits from Morgan in “public interest”.

Mine owners accepted Arbitration (mediation – go between to hear both sides and render a fair [square] decision) and the miners won a pay raise and shorter hours, but not recognition. TR thought both sides received a Square Deal

Good Trust v. Bad Trust

Bad trusts get the big stick!

• Northern Securities Railroad

• Swift & Co. v. U.S.

• Tobacco Trust

Square Deal “see that each is given a square deal, because

he is entitled to no more and should receive no less.”

Regulating the Railroads

The Elkins Act

• Passed in 1903

• Prohibited railroads from

accepting rebates

• Ensured that all customers paid

the same rates for shipping

their products

The Hepburn Act

• Passed in 1906

• Strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC), giving it the power to set maximum railroad rates

• Gave the ICC power to regulateother companies engaged in interstate commerce

• Another way to ensure businesses competed fairly was through regulation.

• Railroads often granted rebates to their best customers, which meant large corporations paid much less for shipping than small farmers or small businesses.

• To alleviate this problem, Congress passed two acts.

Putting the Screws on Him The Beef Trust – Don’t shoot, I’ll come down.

Teddy Roosevelt

WoodrowWilson

WilliamHoward

TaftProgressivePresidents1912 Election

?

Busted twice as many trusts: Constitutional Theory of POTUS –Standard Oil and Secretary of Interior – Richard Ballinger (fired Pinchot)

Positive Govt. New FreedomAttacked Triple Wall of Privilege:Tariff – replaced with 16th

Trusts – FTC = oversight & Clayton = Magna Carta for laborBanks – Federal Reserve

RepublicansTakeAdviceFromTeddyTrustbustersChallenged GOP 1912

StewardshipSquare Deal – honest and just for all people. Inheritance & Income Tax1902 Anthracite Coal Strike – intervened on behalf of striking workers, UMW John Mitchell (1st POTUS). Arbitrator = judge/refereeConservationist – “rational use” and “sustained yield”. Hired Gifford Pinchot – Division of Forestry. Friends with John Muir – Naturalist and Preservationist. Newlands Reclamation Act. Set aside millions of acres of land for National Parks, Forests, e.g. Yosemite, etc.Trust Buster – Stewardship Theory (good & bad): Northern Securities; Beef Trust; Tobacco Trust…

Progressive Governors: NY and NJRenowned for intellectInfluenced by Herbert Croly