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Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University 20 September 2006

Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

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Page 1: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Electronics and Regioselectivity of

Claisen Rearrangements

Thu NguyenDepartment of ChemistryMichigan State University

20 September 2006

Page 2: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Outline

Introduction Claisen rearrangement

Use of catalysts in regioselectivity[3,3] selectivity[1,3] selectivity

Stereoelectronic effects on Claisen rearrangement in natural products

Selectivity in allyl aryl ethersLaterifloroneForbesioneTricycloillicinone

ConclusionsAcknowledgements

Page 3: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Introduction: Claisen Rearrangement

Claisen, L. Ber. 1912, 45, 3157.Martin Castro, A.M. Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 2939-3002.

[3,3] sigmatropicrearrangement of allylaryl (vinyl) ethersGives γ,δ-unsaturated carbonylCan be chemo-, regio-, diastereo-, enatioselectiveFormation of product is highly favored at equilibrium

O Δ or L.A. O

OR

OHR

+

OHR

ortho para

Δ

Page 4: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Introduction: Claisen Rearrangement

Present in nature – in vivo catalyzed

Used in natural product synthesis

O COO-

COO-

OH

chorismate mutase

OH

-OOCO

COO-

chorismate prephenate

Martin Castro, A.M. Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 2939-3002.Mattia, K.M., Ganem, B. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 936-945.

O

OH O

HO

O

O

forbesione laterif lorone

O OO

tricycloillicinone

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O OH

Page 5: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Introduction: Claisen Rearrangement

Generally described as a suprafacial, concerted, nonsynchronous rearrangement

O

RΔ, [3,3]-sigmatropic

rearrangement

O

R

O

R

Martin Castro, A.M. Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 2939-3002.Gajewski, J.J. Acc. Chem. Res. 1997, 30, 219-225.

O O

suprafacial antarafacial

Page 6: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Introduction: Claisen Rearrangement

Martin Castro, A.M. Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 2939-3002.Gajewski, J.J. Acc. Chem. Res. 1997, 30, 219-225.

O

ion pair

O

radical pair

O

CH3TBSO

RH

O

OTBSCH3

R

O

CH3TBSO

RH

O

CH3TBSO

RH

12

45 6

12

5

6

O

TBSO CH3

HR

Page 7: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Introduction: Claisen Rearrangement

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

HOMO

LUMO

σ

σ*

Page 8: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Challenges faced with Claisen

High temperature reactionsLong reaction timesNot always selective

stereoisomersenantiomersregioisomers

Can be low yielding

Page 9: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Substituent effects on rateO 1

2

4

56

O 12

45

6

Electron Donating Group Acceleration1

Position Group

1 -O, -NH2, -F, -CH3

-CH3, -OCH3

-CH3, -OCH3

-OSi(CH3)3, -CH3, -CH-SO2Ph, -F2

4

6

Electron Withdrawing Group Acceleration1

Position Group

2

4

-CN, -CO2-, -CO2CH3, -CF3

-CN, -CF3

1.Martin Castro, A.M. Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 2939-3002

O

O

O

O

HOMO

LUMO

O

O

O

O

HOMO

LUMOEDG

EDG

EDG

EDG

Page 10: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Outline

Introduction Claisen rearrangement

Use of catalysts in regioselectivity[3,3] selectivity[1,3] selectivity

Stereoelectronic effects on Claisen rearrangement in natural products

Selectivity in ally aryl ethersLaterifloroneForbesioneTricycloillicinone

ConclusionsAcknowledgements

Page 11: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Regioselectivity with Lewis acids

Takanami, T., Hayashi, M., Iso, K., Nakamoto, H., Suda, K. Tetrahedron. 2006, 62, 9467-9474.Gansauer, A., Fielenbach, D., Stock, C., Geich-Gimbel, D. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2003, 345, 1017-1030.

[3,3]

[1,3]

O

R1

[3,3]

[1,3]

O

R2

R1

R1

R2

LA

R2

O LA

O

R2

R1

R2

R1 O

R3

R3R3

R3

R3

Page 12: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Substituent effects

Martin Castro, A.M. Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 2939-3002

Electron Donating Group Acceleration

Position Group

-CH3, -OCH3, Ph, n-Bu

-CH3, -OCH3, Ph

-OSi(CH3)3, -CH3, -CH-SO2Ph, -F2

4

6

O

R2

R1 R3

[3,3]

[1,3]R1

R2

O LAR3

Page 13: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Regioselectivity with Lewis Acids: Mechanism

Nasveschuk, C.G., Rovis, T. Org. Lett. 2005, 7, 2173-2176.

Same major product in both cases.

O

Me

O

Ph Me+

O

MePh

MeAl(OAr)2

Ph

O

MePh78:22

O

MePh95:5

[1,3] major

[3,3] major

Page 14: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Regioselectivity with Lewis Acids: Mechanism

R

OLA

Nasveschuk, C.G., Rovis, T. Org. Lett. 2005, 7, 2173-2176.Gansäuer, A., Fielenbach, D., Stock, C. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2002, 344, 845-848.

O

Ph Me

O

MePh Ph Me

O

[1, 3] [3, 3]

D

27% D 7% D

O

Tol Me

O

MeTol Tol Me

O

[1, 3] [3, 3]

toluene, -78°C

MeAl(OC6Br3H2)2

25% D 21% D

59% D

Page 15: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Regioselectivity with Lewis acids: [3,3] selectivity

Takanami, T., Hayashi, M., Iso, K., Nakamoto, H., Suda, K. Tetrahedron 2006, 62, 9467-9474.

NN N

NM PhPh

Ph

Ph

X

O

MePh

5 mol % M (TPP)X

Cl(CH2)2Cl, 83°C, 7hrO

MePh

O

MePh

[3,3] [1,3]

1

entry catalyst Time (hr) [3,3] (%) [1,3] (%)

None 58 40 02 7 94 0

3 Mn(TPP)Cl 24 62 0

4 Fe(TPP)Cl 24 83 0

5

6

Cr(TPP)OTf 24 19 26

Fe(TPP)OTf 2 16 27

Cr(TPP)Cl

Page 16: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Takanami, T., Hayashi, M., Iso, K., Nakamoto, H., Suda, K. Tetrahedron 2006, 62, 9467-9474.

Regioselectivity with Lewis acids: [3,3] selectivity

entry time (hr) yield (%)productsubstrate

1

7 94O

MePh

O

MePh2

5 93O

MePh

Me

O

MePh

Me

3

0.5 82O

MePh

Ph

O

MePh

Ph

O

Ph

O

Ph

4

52 41

5

6 72O

Ph

Me

O

Ph

Me

Conditions: 5 mol % Cr(TPP)Cl, Cl2(CH2)2, 83°C

Page 17: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

[3,3] selectivity with a parasubstituent

Takanami, T., Hayashi, M., Iso, K., Nakamoto, H., Suda, K. Tetrahedron 2006, 62, 9467-9474.

entry time (hr) yield (%)productsubstrate

O

Me

O

Me1 7 62

2 8 57

MeO MeO

O

Me

O

Me

Me Me

NN N

NM PhPh

Ph

Ph

X

O

Me 5 mol % M (TPP)X

ClCH2CH2Cl, 83°C

O

Me

R R

Page 18: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

[3,3] selectivivity with allyl vinyl ethers

Takanami, T., Hayashi, M., Iso, K., Nakamoto, H., Suda, K. Tetrahedron 2006, 62, 9467-9474.

entry time (hr) yield (%)productsubstrate

1

9 86O

PhMe

O

PhMe2

2 93

3 12 62

4 3 89

5 1 93

O O

Ph Ph

O

Men-Bu

O

Men-Bu

O

Men-Bu

O

Men-Bu

Me Me

O

Men-Bu

O

Men-Bu

Ph Ph

Conditions: 5 mol % Cr(TPP)Cl, Cl2(CH2)2, 83°C

Page 19: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

[3,3] selectivivity with trisubstitutedallyl vinyl ethers

Takanami, T., Hayashi, M., Iso, K., Nakamoto, H., Suda, K. Tetrahedron 2006, 62, 9467-9474.

entry time (hr) yield (%)productsubstrate

1 20 57

2 50 51

3 3 78

O

Men-Bu

O

Men-Bu

MeMe

O

MePh

O

MePh

MeMe

O

Me

O

Me

MeMe

Ph

Conditions: 5 mol % Cr(TPP)Cl, Cl2(CH2)2, 83°C

Ph

Page 20: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Regioselectivity with Lewis acids:Lewis acid screen for [1,3]

Nasveschuk, C.G., Rovis, T. Org. Lett. 2005, 7, 2173-2176.

O

Ph Me

Lewis Acid-78°C

O

MePh Ph Me

O

[1, 3] [3, 3]

entry Lewis Acid ratio [1,3] : [3,3]

1 Cu(OTf)2 50 : 50

2 SnCl4 50 : 50

3 TiCl4 67 : 33

4 5 : 95

5 78 : 22

OAl

O

MePh

PhPhPh

OAl

O

MeBr

BrBrBr

Br

Br

Page 21: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Regioselectivity with Lewis acids: [1,3] selective with para substituent

Nasveschuk, C.G., Rovis, T. Org. Lett. 2005, 7, 2173-2176.

O

R Metoluene, -78°C

O

MeR R Me

O

[1, 3] [3, 3]

entry cinnamylvinyl ether yield(%) ratio [1:3] : [3:3]

MeAl(OC6Br3H2)2

1

O

Me 75 78 : 22

2 61 81 : 19Me

O

Me

3 44 75 : 25Me

O

MeO

4 Me

O

F3C

NP No reaction

Page 22: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

[1,3] Selectivity of trisubstitutedallyl vinyl ethers

Nasveschuk, C.G., Rovis, T. Org. Lett. 2005, 7, 2173-2176.

O

Ph Me

Lewis Acid-78°C MePh Ph Me

O

[ 1, 3] [3, 3]

entry Lewis Acid yield (%) ratio [1,3] : [3,3]

1 Cu(OTf)2 81 >95 : 5

2

3

TiCl4 44 >95 : 5

4

Me2AlCl 73 >95 : 5

44 >95 : 5O Al O

MeBr

BrBrBr

Br

Br

Me Me O Me

Page 23: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Regioselectivity with Lewis acids: [1,3] selectivity

Nasveschuk, C.G., Rovis, T. Org. Lett. 2005, 7, 2173-2176.

R2

R1

O

R3

R2

R1

O

R3 R1 R3

Cu(OTf)2CH2Cl2

-50°C, 5 hr

entry Product yield (%) ratio [1,3] : [3,3]

1 81 >95 : 5

2 63 85 : 15

3 64 >95 : 5

4b 50 80 : 20

5b 84 69 : 31

R2O

[1, 3] [3, 3]

Me

Ph

O

Me

Me

Ph

O

t-Bu

Me

n-Bu

O

Me

Me

n-Bu

O

Ph

Et

Ph

O

Me

b Reaction performed at -30°C for 48 hr

Page 24: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Gansauer, A., Fielenbach, D., Stock, C., Geich-Gimbel, D. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2003, 345, 1017-1030.

Regioselectivity of allyl vinyl ethersentry catalyst/condition yield (%)productsubstrate

O

O1 BF3•Et2O, 5 mol %, 0.01M 84

2

Ot-Bu

O

t-Bu

3

63BF3•Et2O, 5 mol %, 0.1M

Oc-C6H11

O

c-C6H11

4

Cu( OTf)2, 5 mol %, -15°C 59

Ot-Bu

O

t-Bu

5

BF3•Et2O, 5 mol %, 0.1M 59

OPh

O

PhCu( OTf)2, 5 mol %, -40°C 77

Page 25: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Outline

Introduction Claisen rearrangement

Use of catalysts in regioselectivity[3,3] selectivity[1,3] selectivity

Stereoelectronic effects on Claisen rearrangement in natural products

Selectivity in allyl aryl ethersLaterifloroneForbesioneTricycloillicinone

ConclusionsAcknowledgements

Page 26: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Gozzo, F.C., Fernandes, S.A., Rodrigues, D.C., Eberlin, M.N., Marsaioli, A.J. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 68, 5493-5499.

Regioselectivity of allyl aryl ethers

allyl aryl ether totalyield (%)

populationratio A : B product ratio

CH3

H HA

OHB

HCH3

OH

CH3

OH

H

entry

1 90 1 : 1

OHHA

OHB

OH

OH

OH

OH2 56 2.1 : 1

O

3 90 1 : 11

HB

O

HA

OH

OH

1 : 1

14 : 1

0 : 1

OO

R1R6 HA

OHB

R6

R1

OH

R1

OH

R6

+

220-235°C, 2 hrsealed ampuleR1

HB

HA

O

A

B

R6

R1

HB

HA

O

R6

25°C

Page 27: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Potential energy diagrams

O

8.6

CH3

O

CH3

O

CH3

O

CH3

O

CH3

O

CH3

33.7 33.7

9.6

0 0

1IB

1B 1A

1IA

1TSA1TSA

Gozzo, F.C., Fernandes, S.A., Rodrigues, D.C., Eberlin, M.N., Marsaioli, A.J. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 68, 5493-5499.

Page 28: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Potential energy diagrams

H3C O

OH

O

H3C O

OH

O

H3C O

OH

O

H3C O

OH

O

H3C O

OH

O

H3C O

OH

O

12.5

36.0

0.5 0

31.7

5.32IB

2B

2TSB

2TSA

2IA

2A

Gozzo, F.C., Fernandes, S.A., Rodrigues, D.C., Eberlin, M.N., Marsaioli, A.J. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 68, 5493-5499.

Page 29: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Potential energy diagrams

Gozzo, F.C., Fernandes, S.A., Rodrigues, D.C., Eberlin, M.N., Marsaioli, A.J. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 68, 5493-5499.

12.5

41.1

30.9

1.51.70.0

O

O

O

O

O

O

3B

3IB

3TSB

3TSA

3IA

3A

Page 30: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Gozzo, F.C., Fernandes, S.A., Rodrigues, D.C., Eberlin, M.N., Marsaioli, A.J. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 68, 5493-5499.

Regioselectivity of allyl aryl ethers

allyl aryl ether totalyield (%)

populationratio A : B product ratio

CH3

H HA

OHB

HCH3

OH

CH3

OH

H

entry

1 90 1 : 1

OHHA

OHB

OH

OH

OH

OH2 56 2.1 : 1

O

3 90 1 : 11

HB

O

HA

OH

OH

1 : 1

14 : 1

0 : 1

OO

R1R6 HA

OHB

R6

R1

OH

R1

OH

R6

+

220-235°C, 2 hrsealed ampule

R1

HB

HA

O

A

B

R6

R1

HB

HA

O

R6

25°C

Page 31: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Natural product: Lateriflorone

Isolated from Garciniaplants Potential biological activityIn class of caged xanthonoidsTricyclic structure attached to spiroxalactone core

Tisdale, W.J., Vong, B.F., Li, H., Kim, S.H., Chowdhury, C., Theodorakis, E.A., Tetrahedron 2003, 59, 6873-6887.Tisdale, E.J., Li, H., Vong, B.G., Kim, S.H., Theodorakis, E.A. Org. Lett. 2003, 5, 1491-1494.

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O OH

Page 32: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Toward synthesis of Lateriflorone

O O

OSEM

O

O

O

1

37

89

13 12

11

5

610O O

OSEM

O

O

O

1

37

89

13 12

11

5

610

O O

OSEM

O

O

O

(85%)

O

OO

OO OSEM

HO

HOO

OO OH

110°C, 1 hrtoluene

1

3

789 11

12

13

5

610

13

8 91112

13

5

6 10

2

Tisdale, W.J., Vong, B.F., Li, H., Kim, S.H., Chowdhury, C., Theodorakis, E.A., Tetrahedron 2003, 59, 6873-6887.Tisdale, E.J., Li, H., Vong, B.G., Kim, S.H., Theodorakis, E.A. Org. Lett. 2003, 5,1491-1494.

XO O

SEMO

O

O

O O

OO

1

33

O

OSEM

O

17

88 99

11

11

12

12

13

13

5

5

6

61010

110°C, 1 hrtoluene

X

Page 33: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Another route to Lateriflorone

Nicolaou, K.C., Sasmal, P.K., Xu, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 5493-5501.Nicolaou, K.C., Sasmal, P.K., Xu, H., Namoto, K., Ritzen, A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 4225-4229.

O

O

O O

OMe DMF 120°C

1 hr

O

O

O O

OMeO

OOMe

OH

O

47%

DMF 120°C1 hr

O

O

O O

OMeO

OOMe

HHH

O

O

42%

OHO O

OOMe

HO

1

3

13

13

1

3

Page 34: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Importance of para carbonyl

Tisdale, W.J., Vong, B.F., Li, H., Kim, S.H., Chowdhury, C., Theodorakis, E.A., Tetrahedron 2003, 59, 6873-6887.Nicolaou, K.C., Sasmal, P.K., Xu, H., Namoto, K., Ritzen, A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 4225-4229.

DMF, Δ

47% 42%

O

O

O O

OMe

O

OOMe

HHH

O

O

+

O

OOMe

OH

O

O

O OSEM

O

OO

110°C, 1 hrtoluene

O

OO

OO OSEM

85%

Page 35: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

What is controlling regiochemistry?

Hayden, A.E., Xu, H., Nicolaou, K.C., Houk, K.N. Org. Lett. 2006, 8, 2989-2992.

0.0

26.7

7.6

43.3

8.5

28.4

11.8

29.3

-14.8

OO

OO

OO

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

Ea=28.4 Ea=26.7

(0.0)

(11.8) (7.6)

(-14.8) (8.5)

Ea = 29.3 Ea = 43.3X X X

12

6

12

61

2

6

Page 36: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

What is controlling regiochemistry?

Hayden, A.E., Xu, H., Nicolaou, K.C., Houk, K.N. Org. Lett. 2006, 8, 2989-2992.

O

O

MeOO

O

O

O

MeOO

O

O

O

MeOO

O

O

O

O

OOMe

O

O

O

OOMe

Ea = 24.7 Ea = 25.1

(9.5) (3.9)

(-10.4) (-7.9)

Ea = 25.6 Ea = 26.0

13

1 3 1 3

Page 37: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

What is controlling regiochemistry?

Hayden, A.E., Xu, H., Nicolaou, K.C., Houk, K.N. Org. Lett. 2006, 8, 2989-2992.

0.0

24.7

25.126.928.6

9.5

3.9

3.4

9.3

25.6

26.0

53.9

58.1

-10.8

-7.9

16.7

23.5

O

O

O

OOMe

O

O

O

OOMe

RO OO

S

(-10.8) (-7.9)

Page 38: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Toward synthesis of Lateriflorone

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O OHO

O

OHO

A B+

HO

HOO

OO OSEM

C HATU, DIPEA

O

O

O

O

O

HO

O

O

AB

OSEM

X

HCl, MeOH1 hr, RT (93%)

O

O

O

O

O

HO

O

O

AB

OH

ACN, RT (51%) L.A

AcidsandL.A

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O OH

X

Tisdale, W.J., Vong, B.F., Li, H., Kim, S.H., Chowdhury, C., Theodorakis, E.A., Tetrahedron 2003, 59, 6873-6887.Tisdale, E.J., Li, H., Vong, B.G., Kim, S.H., Theodorakis, E.A. Org. Lett. 2003, 5,1491-1494.

Seco-lateriflorone NNN

N

O

N

N

PF6

Page 39: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Synthesis of 1-O-Methylateriflorone

Nicolaou, K.C., Sasmal, P.K., Xu, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 5493-5501.Nicolaou, K.C., Sasmal, P.K., Xu, H., Namoto, K., Ritzen, A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 4225-4229.

1-O-Methylateriflorone

O

OMe

OMOMOH

OHO O

OOMe

HO+EDCI, DMAP

O

OMe

MOMOO

O

O

OOMe

HO0→25°C16 hr (64%)

OO

O

OO OMe

O

O O

Page 40: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Synthetic applications

Nicolaou, K.C., Sasmal, P.K., Xu, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 5493-5501.

OO

OMe

OO OMe

O

O O

O

O

OO

O

O

OOMe

HOO

OO

O

O

OOMe

HO

OMeMeO

O

O

OHO

O

O

OOMe

HO O

OH

OOO

O

O OMe

HO

OO

O

OO OMe

O

O O

IC50 = 5 μM

IC50 = 9 μM

IC50 = 25 μM

Page 41: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Natural Product: Forbesione

Isolated from Garcinia forbesiiDried resin used for pigments and folk medicinesBiologically activeIn family of cytotoxic

agents

O

O

HO

O

O

OH

Nicolaou, K.C., Li, J. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 4264-4266.Tisdale, E.J., Slobodov, I., Theodorakis, Org. Biomol. Chem. 2003, 1, 4418-4422.

A B

Page 42: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Claisen/Diels-Alder products

Nicolaou, K.C., Li, J. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 4264-4266.

O

OOMe

O OO

O

OMe

HO

O O

O

O

OMe

HO

O O

O

A B

DMF, 120°C20 min

Page 43: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Claisen/Diels-Alder products

Nicolaou, K.C., Li, J. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 4264-4266.

O

OMe

HO

O

OO

O

OMe

HO

O

OO

C D

O

OOMe

O OO

DMF, 120°C20 min

Page 44: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Claisen/Diels-Alder Timing

Tisdale, E.J., Slobodov, I., Theodorakis, Org. Biomol. Chem. 2003, 1, 4418-4422.Tisdale, E.J., Slobodov, I., Theodorakis, E.A. PNAS. 2004, 101, 12030-12035.

O

OAc

O

O

OO

O

OAc

O

O

OO

O

OAc

O

O

OO

DMF120°C

DMF120°C

O

OAc

O

O

OO

d7-DMF120°C

O

OAc

OO

O

OH

δ 7.31

O

OAc

HOO

O

OH

δ 7.34

Page 45: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Nicolaou, K.C., Li, J. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 4264-4266.

Claisen/Diels-Alder intermediates1-O-methylforbesione

O

OOMe

O OO

Δ

O

OMe O

OO

O

O

OMe

O

O O

O

O

OMe

O

O O

O

O

OMe

HO

O O

O

O

OMe

HO

O O

O

A

B

Decalin63%

2%

56

Page 46: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Nicolaou, K.C., Li, J. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 4264-4266.

Claisen/Diels-Alder intermediates

O

OOMe

O OO

O

OMe O

O OO

O

OMe

O

O

OO

O

OMe

O

O

OO

O

OMe

HO

O

OO

O

OMe

HO

O

OO

C

D

ΔDecalin <1%

26%

56

Page 47: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Alternate path to Forbesione

Tisdale, E.J., Slobodov, I., Theodorakis, Org. Biomol. Chem. 2003, 1, 4418-4422.Tisdale, E.J., Slobodov, I., Theodorakis, E.A. PNAS. 2004, 101, 12030-12035.

O

OR

O

O

OO

R= HR= AcR= Me

O

OR

HOO

O

O O

OR

HOO

OO

O

OMe

HOO

O

O

A B C

Page 48: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Tisdale, E.J., Slobodov, I., Theodorakis, Org. Biomol. Chem. 2003, 1, 4418-4422.Tisdale, E.J., Slobodov, I., Theodorakis, E.A. PNAS. 2004, 101, 12030-12035.

Electronic factors in regioselectivity

O

O

O

O

OO

O

OH

O

O

OO

O

OH

HOO

O

O

O

OH

HOO

O

O

DMF

120°C

123

4 5

69

10

2

4 5

69

10

2

4 9

10 65

2

4 9

10 65

H 49%

35%

+

Page 49: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Tisdale, E.J., Slobodov, I., Theodorakis, Org. Biomol. Chem. 2003, 1, 4418-4422.Tisdale, E.J., Slobodov, I., Theodorakis, E.A. PNAS. 2004, 101, 12030-12035.

Electronic factors in regioselectivity

O

OAc

O

O

OO

O

OAc

O

O

OO O

OAc

HOO

O

O

DMF

120°C

123

4 5

69

10

2

4 5

69

10

2

4 9

10 65

79%

Page 50: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Tisdale, E.J., Slobodov, I., Theodorakis, Org. Biomol. Chem. 2003, 1, 4418-4422.Tisdale, E.J., Slobodov, I., Theodorakis, E.A. PNAS. 2004, 101, 12030-12035.

Electronic factors in regioselectivity

O

OMe

O

O

OO

O

OMe

O

O

OO O

OMe

HOO

O

O

DMF120°C

123

4 5

69

10

2

4 5

69

10

2

4 9

10 65

51%

O

OMe

O

O

O

O

O

OMe

HOO

O

O

24%

45 6

9

104 9

10

65

+

Page 51: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Tisdale, E.J., Slobodov, I., Theodorakis, Org. Biomol. Chem. 2003, 1, 4418-4422.Tisdale, E.J., Slobodov, I., Theodorakis, E.A. PNAS. 2004, 101, 12030-12035.

Resonance factors in regioselectivity

XClaisen

O

OR

O

O

OO

R= HR= AcR= Me

O

OR

O

O

OO

O

OR

O

O

OO

+

12

4 5

69

10

5

5

6

6

9

9

Page 52: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Site selectivity in A ring

O

OOR

O

R= HR= AcR= Me

DMF,120°C, 1 hr

O

OOR

HO

123

4

C4-prenylation

O

OOR

HO

C2-prenylation

2

44

2

R= H - 39%R= Ac - 0%R= Me - 0%

R= H - 41%R= Ac - 75%R= Me - 82%

O

OR

O

O

OO

O

OR

HOO

O

O O

OR

HOO

O

O

R= H - 49%R= Ac - 79%R= Me - 51%

R= H - 35%R= Ac - 0%R= Me - 0%

DMF,120°C, 1 hr

123

44

2

4

Tisdale, E.J., Slobodov, I., Theodorakis, E.A. PNAS. 2004, 101, 12030-12035.

A

Page 53: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Natural Product: Tricycloillicinone

Isolated from IlliciumtachiroiInducer of choline

acetyltransferaseCould be treatment of neurodegenerative diseases

Pettus, T.R.R., Chen, X.T., Danishefsky, S.J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 12684-12685.Pettus, T.R.R., Inoue, M., Chen. X.T., Danishefsky, S.J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 6160-6168.Wilson, R.M. Danishefsky, S.J. Acc. Chem. Res. 2006, 39, 539-549.

OO

O

Page 54: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Natural Product: Tricycloillicinone

Pettus, T.R.R., Chen, X.T., Danishefsky, S.J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 12684-12685.Pettus, T.R.R., Inoue, M., Chen. X.T., Danishefsky, S.J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 6160-6168.Wilson, R.M. Danishefsky, S.J. Acc. Chem. Res. 2006, 39, 539-549.

Minor(Desired)

R

O

O

O OO

O

RH O

OR

OH

R

OH

O

OOO

O

RH

Cope

R = CO2Me (12%)R = OTBS (15%)

R = CO2Me (55%)R = OTBS (70%)

220°Cxylenes

220°Cxylenes

Major

Page 55: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Can regioselectivity be obtained?

Pettus, T.R.R., Chen, X.T., Danishefsky, S.J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 12684-12685.Pettus, T.R.R., Inoue, M., Chen. X.T., Danishefsky, S.J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 6160-6168.Wilson, R.M. Danishefsky, S.J. Acc. Chem. Res. 2006, 39, 539-549.

MeO2C

O

O

O

R

R = ?

?O

OMeO2C

OH

R

OH

O

O

Desired Major

Page 56: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Can regioselectivity be obtained?

Pettus, T.R.R., Chen, X.T., Danishefsky, S.J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 12684-12685.Pettus, T.R.R., Inoue, M., Chen. X.T., Danishefsky, S.J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 6160-6168.Wilson, R.M. Danishefsky, S.J. Acc. Chem. Res. 2006, 39, 539-549.

MeO2C

OH

O

O

O

O

O

MeO2C

PhO2S

O

O

OH

MeO2C

PhO2SK2CO3, acetone

RT (85%)

165°C toluene

K2CO3, acetone

O

O

O

MeO2C

PhO2S

2e−

Br

BrPhO2S

12 hr (94%)

reflux (94%)

O

OMeO2C

OH

10% Na-HgMeOH-EtOAc-20°C (87%)

Page 57: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Synthesis of tricycloillicinone

Pettus, T.R.R., Chen, X.T., Danishefsky, S.J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 12684-12685.Pettus, T.R.R., Inoue, M., Chen. X.T., Danishefsky, S.J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 6160-6168.Wilson, R.M. Danishefsky, S.J. Acc. Chem. Res. 2006, 39, 539-549.

Tricycloillicinone

O

OMeO2C

OH

OO

OOO

O

OR

R = C(S)OPh

Bu3SnH, AIBN

benzene, 80°Covernight (42%)

Page 58: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Conclusions

Claisen rearrangement selectivity can be predicted by population ratio of conformers Regioselectivity (ortho-para) can be controlled with an auxiliary Claisen/Diels-Alder rearrangements can be controlled with proper electronics[3,3] and [1,3] rearrangements can both be

achieved regioselectively with Lewis acidsAlthough Lewis acids have been applied toward synthetic intermediates, they have not yet been applied toward natural product synthesis

Page 59: Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements · Electronics and Regioselectivity of Claisen Rearrangements Thu Nguyen Department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Acknowledgments

Dr. TepeDr. BorhanDr. WalkerDr. Jackson

Dr. Wulff

Tepe Group Teri, Tim, Adam, Chris, Jason, Sam

Amanda, Brian, Brandon

Dan