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Electronic Imaging
Fundamentals:
Digger Tooth Monitoring
“..any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” Arthur C. Clark
SEPTEMBER 2008
Presented by
Barry T. Fryer Dudley(MBA {IT}; MSc {Image Analysis}
Background: To operate a digger the right number of teeth are important. Identification of a missing tooth by human inspectors prone to short and long term variations.
An automated tooth ID inspection system using a camera is proposed.
Requirement: Provide image analysis technology linked to a camera to count the number of teeth on a digger in real time, alarming to the operator when a tooth is removed. Now possible to remove the tooth from the load, preventing further damage.
Why do Image Analysis?
Better Definition of Contrasting Areas Improved Precision/Accuracy in Measurements Reproducibility of Results Higher Throughput than Manual Methods
A Word About Our Eyes
Eyes are very good contrast adjusters, but not good for distinguishing subtle variations in color
Eyes can discern about 30 continuous levels of gray or color in a field of view
Eyes are not good judges of distance Eyes cannot accurately reproduce
measurements
Which is BIGGER / LONGER???
Electronic Imaging Fundamentals
Acquire
Process
Identify
Analyze
Report
Arguably, the most important aspect of all Proper setup of imaging apparatus is vital Obtain maximum contrast and dynamic range Reduce “noise” and other unwanted artifacts Uniform lighting (light) Product presentation (right way up) Resolution & Colour (CCTV VS DIGITAL)
Acquiring the Image
Slide 9
www.I-Cube.co.za
Lens
Image sensor Digitizing
Pre-processing
Timing Interface
PLC
Cat-5e Ethernet cable up to 100 m
Local I/Os:- Trigger input- Results output
Illumination control
Image ProcessingIn PC
Illumination
(Lens Iris Video)
Power
Acquire
Thresholding an Image Select appropriate morphometric characteristics
Identify regions of interest to analyse
Mask regions
ColourSizeShape Intensity
All teeth present
1st tooth missing
Failure on:- Min Count- Defect detection
All teeth present
Pass all on:- Location- Count- Defect detection
2nd tooth missing
Fail on:- Count- Defect detection
2nd tooth: portion missing
Pass all on:- Location- 1st CountFAILURE- Defect detection- 2nd Count
Slide 16
www.I-Cube.co.za
Product Review Image Analysis SOFTWARE and HARDWARE would be
used to capture an image of the digger teeth.
The image would be processed to determine the expected number of teeth, the length and orientation.
If outside SPEC, Possible to have an audio and visual alarm on site or generated in the control room.
A report would be generated showing date, time, images etc.
SYSTEM DESIGNItem Part No Qty Unit Price Price
I-Cube Software 1 R 30,380.00 R 30,380.00
PSU 1 R 900.00 R 900.00
Break out box CON-IBOB 1 R 3,915.00 R 3,915.00
Ethernet Cable CCB-84901-1002-02 1 R 1,044.00 R 1,044.00
I/O Cable CCB-84901-0902-05 1 R 1,044.00 R 1,044.00Visual and Audio Alarm 1 R 12,520.00 R 12,520.00
Telecentric Lens TC2346 1 R 9,007.98 R 9,007.98Measurement design, configuration and verification (per day) 2 R 7,500.00 R 15,000.00
Commissioning on site (per day) 3 R 7,500.00 R 22,500.00
Total R 96,310.98
COST IMPLICATIONS
1. Purchase (1 system)
2. Lease (Rental) @ R per month
3. Cost per image (Transaction)
3 Payment Options• Cost per transaction (no image received, no
payment) @ R 0.99 c
• Fixed monthly cost (same price regardless of no. of teeth checked) = R 3, 852.44
• Capital amount (no further costs) @ R 96 310.98
SPIN OFFS1. Real time up date images of the digger in operation
2. Receive notification of a broken tooth immediately
3. Real time enquiries via Web Site / SMS / E-mail
4. Driver link to digger via biometric now possible
5. Regulate digger violations
6. Increased awareness by the operator that he being monitored
7. Feedback reporting to operator associations
8. Illegal operation
Slide 21 www.I-Cube.co.za
In Summary
All about tracking digger teeth, informing the operator of a lost tooth within seconds, changing user activities, combined with efficient workflow control, and increased accountability and profits, together with real time monitoring of digger operation.
Barry T. DUDLEY(MBA {IT}; MSc {Image Analysis}; BSc {Brewing}; BSc Hons {Waste Technology})
www.i-cube.co.za Cell: +27 (0) 82 562 8225MADADENI PH +27 (0) 31 764-3077
82 Kloof Falls Rd Fax 0866539659Kloof, Durban, Kwa-Zulu Natal, 3610
E-mail: [email protected]
“..any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” Arthur C. Clark
Technical QUESTIONS: