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ELECTRONIC FUEL INJECTION COMPONENTS
THE FOLLOWING ARE THE MOST COMMON FUEL
INJECTION COMPONENTS FOR MULTI PORT FUEL INJECTION STARTING AT THE GAS TANK!
ELECTRIC FUEL PUMPSPURPOSE- PUMPS FUEL UNDER HIGH PRESSURE TO FUEL PRESSURE REGULATOR. THERE ARE THREE BASIC SYSTEMS: INTANK HIGH PRESSURE PUMP, FOR SINGLE GAS TANK APPPLICATIONS. FRAME
MOUNTED HIGH PRESSURE PUMP, FOR SINGLE GAS TANK APPLICATIONS, AND LOW PRESSURE ELECTRIC FUEL PUMPS IN EACH GAS TANK
( PICK UP AND TRUCK APPLICATIONS ) AND A FRAME MOUNTED HIGH PRESSURE FUEL PUMP.
WHICH HAS A ELECTRIC SWITCHING VALVE MOUNTED ON THE FRAME RAIL IN FRONT OF THE
PUMP.
IN TANK HIGH PRESSURE ELECTRIC FUEL PUMP, CAPABLE OF OVER 100psi.
WIRE TERMINALS
Fuel outlet Fuel inlet
FRAME MOUNTED HIGH PRESSURE FUEL PUMPCAPABLE OF over 100 psi.
FUELINLET
FUEL OUTLET
ELECTRICALCONNECTOR
FUEL TANK SWITCHING VALVE
TO FUEL PUMP & FUEL RETURN FROM REGULATOR
SOURCE&
RETURNTO ONE OF THE
GASTANKS
SOURCE&
RETURNTO ONEOF THE
GAS TANKS
FUEL PRESSURE REGULATOR
PURPOSE - REGULATES FUEL PRESSURE TO MANUFACTURES
SPECIFICATIONS, BY RETURNING EXCESS FUEL PRESSURE TO THE GAS
TANK..
FUEL PRESSURE REGULATORAND FUEL RAIL
FUEL RETURN
VACUUM HOSECONNECTION FUEL RAIL
INJECTORS AND FUEL RAIL PURPOSE - SUPPLIES FUEL UNDER
REGULATED PRESSURE TO THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF EACH
CYLINDER.
FUEL RAIL, INJECTORS, FUEL INLETAND PRESSURE REGULATOR
PRESSURE REGULATOR FUEL RETURN
FUEL RAIL
FUEL INJECTOR
FUEL INLETHIGHPRESSURE
FUEL RAIL, INJECTORS, AND SCHRADER VALVE FITTING FOR FUEL PRESSSURE
GAUGE.
SCHRADER VALVE
INJECTOR
FUEL RAIL
TYPICAL FUEL INJECTOR
ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR
FUEL OUTLET - FUEL COMES OUT AS A VERY FINE MIST
FUEL INLET FROM FUEL RAIL, USES O-RINGS FOR SEALS
THE FOLLOWING ARE ELECTRONIC FUEL INJECTION COMPONENTS FOR THE AIR
INTAKE. STARTING AT THE AIR CLEANER.
MASS AIR FLOW SENSORPURPOSE - MEASURES AIR SPEED AND DENSITY CHANGES THE RETURNING
VOLTAGE SIGNAL TO THE E.C.M. ALLOWS FINE TUNE OF AIR / FUEL MIXTURE, NOT
USED ON ALL CARS.
TOP VIEW AND INLET VIEWS OF MASS AIR FLOW SENSORS
NOTE DIRECTIONOF ARROWINDICATESAIR FLOW
VANE AIR FLOW SENSOR
PURPOSE - USED ON SOME IMPORTS TO
DETERMINE AIR FLOW BY MOVING A DOOR
WHICH CHANGES THE VOLTAGE GOING BACK
TO THE E.C.M.
BOLTSTOAIR
CLEANERHOUSING.
AIRINLET
VANE AIR FLOW SENSOR IS A VARIABLE RESISTOR, IT VARIES RETURNINGVOLTAGE TO THE ECM, VOLTAGE CHANGES
WITH AIR FLOW
AIROUTLET
TO MOTOR -
HOSEMUST
BECONNECTED
THROTTLE BODY PURPOSE - IS A DIRECT LINK TO
THE GAS PEDAL - CONTROLS THE AMOUNT OF AIR GOING
INTO THE ENGINE.
THROTTLE BODY / THROTTLE POSITION SENSOR & IDLE AIR CONTROL MOTOR
INLET VIEWTHROTTLELINKAGE -
ATTATCHESTO
THROTTLECABLE
AIR INLET FROM AIR CLEANER
TPSSWITCH
IDLEAIR
CONTROLMOTOR
IAC
TOP SIDE VIEW THROTTLE BODYIDLE AIR CONTROL & THROTTLE POSITION
SWITCH
IAC MOTOR
TPS SWITCH
TOP VIEW OF THROTTLE BODYNAME THE COMPONENTS
A IS
B IS
THROTTLE POSITION SENSORPURPOSE - BY CHANGING THE VOLTAGE RETURNING TO THE
COMPUTER IT ALLOWS THE COMPUTER TO TELL THE
PERCENTAGE OF THROTTLE PLATE OPENING. MOUNTED OPOSITE OF
THROTTLE CABLE ON THE THROTTLE BODY.
TPS SWITCH ( THROTTLE POSITION SENSOR )
ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR
MOUNTING HOLES
BACK SIDE OF THROTTLE POSITIONSWITCH ( TPS ) SWITCH
HOLE FOR THROTTLESHAFT - THIS TURNS AS YOU ACCELERATE
MANIFOLD AIR PRESSURE SENSOR
PURPOSE - CHANGING VACUUM PRESSURE IN THE INTAKE MANIFOLD CHANGES THE
AMOUNT OF VOLTAGE GOING BACK TO THE E.C.M. ALLOWS
FOR FINE TUNING OF THE AIR - FUEL RATIO.
( MAP SENSOR )
MAP SENSOR
VACUUM HOSE CONNECTION
ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE SENSOR
PURPOSE - CHANGING AIR PRESSURE SUCH AS CHANGES IN WEATHER, TEMPERATURE,
AND ELEVATION CHANGES THE VOLTAGE RETURNING TO THE
E.C.M.
BARO SENSOR ( BAROMETRIC PRESSURE SENSOR )
NO VACUUM HOSE ATTATCHED
IDLE AIR CONTROL MOTORPURPOSE - IS A COMPUTER CONTROLED
MOTOR THAT CAUSES A CONTROLED VACUUM LEAK FROM ONE SIDE OF THE THROTTLE BODY TO THE OTHER. IT IS MOUNTED ON THE THROTTLE BODY
IAC MOTORS ( IDLE AIR CONTROL )PROVIDES A CONTROLED VACUUM LEAK
TO ADJUST IDLE SPEED.
INTAKE AIR TEMPERATURE SENSOR
PURPOSE - THE VOLTAGE GOING BACK TO THE COMPUTER
CHANGES WITH THE CHANGING AIR TEMPERATURE. ALLOWS FINE
TUNING OF AIR TO FUEL RATIO. MOUNTED IN THE INTAKE
MANIFOLD
INTAKE AIR TEMPERATURE SENSOR
ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSORPURPOSE - THE VOLTAGE GOING BACK TO
THE COMPUTER CHANGES WITH THE CHANGING COOLANT TEMPERATURE.
DETERMINES WHEN THE E.C.M. GOES INTO CLOSED LOOP, ABOUT 190- 200 DEGRESS
ENGINE TEMPERATURE SENSORUSUALLY MOUNTED ON THE THERMOSTATHOUSING OR ON THE FRONT OF THE MOTOR
IN THE COOLANT FLOW
THERMOSTAT HOUSING AND ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATRE SENSOR
OXYGEN SENSORPURPOSE - MONITORS THE
AMOUNT OF OXYGEN IN THE EXHAUST. THE ENGINE MAY
HAVE MORE THAN ONE. PRODUCES A VOLTAGE WHICH CHANGES WITH THE AMOUNT OF OXYGEN. MAY BE HEATED.
HEGOHEATED EXHAUST GAS OXYGEN SENSOR
SINGLE WIRE O2 SENSOR ( NOT HEATED )
KNOCK SENSORPURPOSE - SENDS SIGNAL TO THE
COMPUTER ( ECM ) WHEN IT DETECTS PINGING ( ENGINE KNOCK ) ECM WILL
RETARD TIMING UNTILL IT STOPS. USUALLY MOUNTED ON THE SIDE OF THE ENGINE
BLOCK.
KNOCK SENSOR TOP VIEW, SIDE VIEW,AND BOTTOM VIEW
SINGLE WIRE ELECTRICALCONNECTOR
THREADS
BOTTOMVIEWNOTE NOHOLE
SIDE VIEW
EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION VALVEPURPOSE - RECIRCULATES EXHAUST GASES TO REBURN IN THE ENGINE. HELPS REDUCE
EMISSIONS. MAY BE CONTROLED BY THE E.C.M.
TWO STYLES OF E.C.M. CONTROLED E.G.R. VALVES( EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION VALVES )
ELECTRICAL CONNECTORS
MISCELLANEOUS FUEL INJECTIONCOMPONENTS
INERTIA SWITCH ( FORD )PURPOSE - TO SHUT THE POWER OFF
TO THE ELECTRIC FUEL PUMP, IN AN ACCIDENT
MAY BE ACCIDENTALY TRIPPEDON A ROUGH ROAD OR?
E.F.I. FUEL FILTER PURPOSE TO KEEP THE FUEL GOING TO
THE INJECTORS CLEAN
THE BRAINS
E.C.M. ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULE
WHAT IT CONTROLSTHE INJECTOR
THE PURPOSE OF ALL OF THE COMPONENTSIS TO ALLOW THE E.C.M. TO ADJUST THEAIR / FUEL RATIO TO OBTAIN THE MOST POWER, THE BEST FUEL ECONOMY, AND
THE LEAST AMOUNT OF EMISSIONS
AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL INJECTIONSYSTEM IS THE THROTTLE BODY
FUELINJECTION SYSTEM. IT HAS LESS
COMPONENTSMAKES MORE POWER AT LOWER
R.P.M.s AND GETSLESS MILES PER GALLION OF GAS.
FUEL INLETS AND OUTLETS
T.P.S.SWITCH
PRESSURE REGULATOR
INJECTORS
THROTTLE BODY FUEL INJECTIONUNIT- MOUNTS THE SAME AS A CARBURETOR
T.B.I. ( THROTTLE BODY FUEL INJECTION )THE HEART OF THE SYSTEM IS THE T.B.I. UNIT
THE BRAINS OF THE SYSTEM IS THE E.C.M.THIS SYSTEM HAS FEWER COMPONENTS, THAN
MULTI PORT E.F.I.