ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION3p orbital- n=3, p=1=L; ml= 0 to n-1 ms= half, minus halfPauli's exclusion principle- No two electrons can have the same configuration/same set of quantum no's.Paramagnetism: Unpaired electrons should be presentDiamagnetism: Pairing of electrons with opposite spinsBohr's theory: Electrons move in circlular orbits around the nucleus. The energy associated with each orbit is fixedEn= -Rh(1/n^2) Rh: Rydberg const, n: principal quantum numberHund's rule: Most stable arrangement of atoms in subshells is the one with the greatest number of parallel spinsRULES FOR ASSIGNING ELECTRONS TO ATOMIC ORBITALSn(principal quantum no)-> L(o to n-1) subshellssubshells-> 2l+1 orbitalsno orbital can contain more than 2 electronsMax number of electrons in an atom of principal quant no: n is 2(n^2)TRANSITION ELEMENTSZ=21 to Z=29(1st row) 21-79(All)Transition elements have incomplete filled d subshells which give rise to cations that have incompleteley filled d subshells. Electrons in d subshell have equal energy but different spatial distributions hence less shielding hence are strongly attracted to the nucleus.In a period, from left to right atomic number increases, the charge on the nucleus increases by 1Transition metals do not react with acids. Eg: Chromium because of a protective layer of oxide. High densities, melting points, BPs. For first row transition metals, 4s electrons are removed first and not 3d electronsCHEMICAL KINETICSA reaction is said to be first order when the rate of the reaction is dependednt only on one of the reactants.rate is directly proportional to (a-x)dx/dt= k(a-x)k=(2.303/t)log(a/a-x)k=(2.303/t)log(A0/A)ln(A)-ln(A0)=-ktHalf life= (0.693/k)INTEGRATED FIRST ORDER RATE EQUATION FOR GASESA(g)-->B(g)+C(g)Po 0 0Po-p p pP(t)= P0-p+p+p=Po+ptherefore, P=P(t)-P0subsitute in k= (2.303/t)log(A0/A)k=2.203log((P0/2P0-Pt))Pt- Pressure of the reaction at time tT(1/2) is directly proportinal to ((A)^1-n)Arrhenius equation: k= A^(-Ea/RT)