ELECTRONIC AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

MAJOR PROJECT PRESENTATION PRESENTED BY

FINAL YEAR STUDENTS OF ECE BRANCH

CONDUCTED BY :

APPLI

CATION O

F DATA

ACQUIS

ITIO

N SYST

EM

FOR S

UPERCONDUCTIN

G QUANTUM

INTE

RFACE

DEVIC

ES (SQ

UID) A

T REM

OTE LOCAT

ION. PROJECT TOPIC :

BY USING ARAM7

INTRODUCTION

Remote control via the Internet is not a new feature and used in home automation systems. However, providing a mechanism for interaction between devices in this environment is quite challenging. The internet has been mostly used to connect personal computers so far, but shortly all kinds of appliances with embedded computers will exchange information over the Internet

Data acquisition (DAQ) is the process of measuring an electrical or physical phenomenon such as voltage, current, temperature, pressure, or sound with a computer. Compared to traditional measurement systems, PC-based DAQ systems exploit the processing power, productivity, display, and connectivity capabilities of industry-standard computers providing a more powerful, flexible, and cost-effective measurement solution.

What is Data Acquisition?

Figure : Data Acquisition system

SUPERCONDUCTING QUANTUM INTERFERENCE DEVICE

SQUID

A SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device)is the most sensitive type of detector know to science. Consisting of superconducting loop with two josephson junction, SQUIDs are used to measure magnetic fields.

Figure : Superconducting Loop With Josephson Junction (SQUID)

Left: Plot of current vs. voltage for a SQUID. Upper and lower curves correspond to nΦ0 and (n+1/2)Φ0respectively. Right: Periodic voltage response due to flux through a SQUID. The periodicity is equal to one flux quantum, Φ0

INTRODUCTIONTO ARM7

What is Arm?

The ARM is a 32-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by ARM Holdings.

ARM also known as Advance RISC Machine

Why Arm?Simplicity is the key philosophy behind the ARM design

RISC machine with small instruction set and consequently a small gate count.

High Performance

Low power consumption

Small amount of silicon die area.

Open Source Development Tools

ARM CORE FAMILYT: ThumbD: On-chip debug supportM: Enhanced multiplierI: Embedded ICE hardwareT2: Thumb-2S: Synthesizable codeE: Enhanced DSP instruction setJ: JAVA support, JanelleZ: Should be Trust Zone?F: Floating point unitH: Handshake, clock less design for synchronous orasynchronous design

Application Cores Embedded Cores Secure Cores

ARM720T ARM7EJ-S SecureCore SC100

ARM920T ARM7TDMI Secure Core SC110

ARM922T ARM7TDMI-S SecurCore SC200

ARM926EJ-S ARM946E-S SecurCore SC210

ARM1020E ARM966E-S

ARM1022 ARM968E-S

ARM1026EJ-S ARM996HS

ARM11 MPCore ARM1026EJ-S

ARM1136J(F)-S ARM1156T2(F)-S

ARM1176JZ(F)-S ARM Cortex-M0

ARM Cortex-A8 ARM Cortex-M1

ARM Cortex-A9 ARM Cortex-M3

Development of ARM Architecture

SA-110

ARM7TDMI

4T

1Halfword and signed halfword / byte supportSystem mode

Thumb instruction set

2

4

ARM9TDMI

SA-1110

ARM720T ARM940T

Improved ARM/Thumb InterworkingCLZ

5TE

Saturated mathsDSP multiply-accumulate instructions

XScale

ARM1020E

ARM9E-S

ARM966E-S

3

Early ARM architectures

ARM9EJ-S

5TEJ

ARM7EJ-S

ARM926EJ-S

JazelleJava bytecodeexecution

6

ARM1136EJ-S

ARM1026EJ-S

SIMD InstructionsMulti-processingV6 Memory architecture (VMSA)Unaligned data support

ARM Cores & Arch Version

ARM7 Architecture

Version 7

REGISTER

ARM has 37 registers all of which are 32-bits long.

-1 dedicated program counter

-1 dedicated current program status register

-5 dedicated saved program status registers

-30 general purpose registers

REGISTER

LPC2148 PROGRAMMING

USING BLUEBOARD

Bus Structure

In LPC2148 three types of busses are used to connect the core with other peripherals on chip.

1. Local Bus to connect the onchip memory controllers and fast GPIO’s2. AMBA Advance High Performance Bus (AHB) for interrupt controller3. VLSI Peripheral Bus (VPB) for other onchip peripherals.

AHB acts as a bridge for VPB.VPB is mainly meant for connect slower peripherals then that of processor.VPB can dive the peripherals at ¼ CPU clock frequency.

Memory MAP

To access any peripheral we need its address. The entire address space can be divided in to several sections.

Memory Access Module

The MAM block in the LPC2148 maximizes the performance of the ARMprocessor when it is running code in Flash memory,

IN SYSTEM PROGRAMMINGISP

Philips microcontroller have a great feature called ISP (In System Programming).

It enables the user to flash the microcontroller with an ease. In LPC2148 the ISP mode can be activated by maintaining low level on P0.14 while reset.

ISP COMMONDS

IAP In-Application (IAP) programming is performing erase and write operation on the

on chip flash memory, as directed by the end-user application code. The boot loader code provides API to access flash memory from the user program. The API are called using their codes.

IAP Command Command Code in Decimals

Prepare sector(s) for write operation 50

Copy RAM to Flash 51

Erase sector(s) 52

Blank check sector(s) 53

Read Part ID 54

Read Boot code version 55

Compare 56

Reinvoke ISP 57

PLL ProgrammingIn LPC2148 microcontrollers there are 2 PLLs which provides programmable frequencies to the CPU and USB system

Programming Steps:1. Select the desired operating frequency for your system ( Processor

operating frequency) CCLK.2. Check the oscillator connected to the controller on board. (FOSC) 3. Calculate the value of PLL multiplier “M”. CCLK = M × FOSC4. Find the value of PLL Divider “P” in such a way that is in the range of

156 MHz to 320 MHz. 156 < FCCO < 320 = CCLK x 2 x P5. Write the values PLLCON and PLLCFG.6. Write the PLLFEED Values 0xAA and 0x55.7. Wait for PLL to lock.8. Connect the PLL.

SOFTWARE DISCRIPTION

KIEL COMPILERFLASH MAGIC PROGRAMMING

Flash Magic : provides a Windows based user interface that is easy and intuitive, which connects to the target via serial line. Flash Magic is a free, powerful, feature-rich Windows application that allows easy programming of Philips FLASH Microcontrollers

HARDWARE TOOLS

a)Microcontroller LPC2148b)Sensors- temperature sensor , voltage, current

sensor, thermistor.c)ADC0808d)LCDe)GSM modemf) MAX232g)Buzzerh)Fire blowers