IJSN 06EC51

Sixth SemesterB,E. Degree Examination, Decenber 2010Digltal Gom]nunication

NoL. Ahsvel ab! FIyE fu questions, sekctihsa, teast TwO questiohs froh each ,tn,

d \rre .\c .dplrg rt.o?a S\ov ra .\c "pc.'u ol r tnpr" 'ir'a

a.(f)=! Ic(f nf.).

;;

:+

!,,iai

':!

t;

Expla,n the quadrtuE saDplins wilh rclated block diasran, specta and equalions{06 rrk)

with elated block dirymm- equadons and parefoms, explain orieinal signal g(1) rocoleryftom B flat-lop sanpled signal, usin8 sample and hold cncun. @7M ,Wh is memt by 'ldle chamel noise'? lxplain Nith two mcnorylc$ quanlizq tyls

(06 M-ks)24 dalos signah, each halins a 6andwidrh of l0 kHz are io bd rime-division mulriplexedand lransmined vio lA\,rAM. A guard band of 5 tHz h required lor sigDal reconskuclioniron tne P,\M samples oieach sisnal

Dcrenrin. fic safrpling rare lbr e&h sisml.ii) FindlhetBnsmissionb drvi'llh.iii) Daw lhe tunclion l diagran olrhe tmsmitiei md ft.eiver ol TDM sienal.

c. Vhatisne lbyrcbuslqu lizalion? Derivo thc equadon forrrrt..." "fq*"rlriil#::::1(6i ) noh $e bsh principle of no. unilom quanrizer

What e the l}?es olqumlizalion noiles, whicn occur n) Jeha nodnlation? Exphin $nh aneal skc&n dd eqrari.ns 07 Nilrks)

Obn n rh. poeer s!e(mldensi! olNRz lolar t.mrr

Explain modified duobimry technique, $nh a block diagan alo

DBw the digiraldala lomal lor a given sequence 0l l0l i 0 001i) Bipolar RZ ii) Manchesrer iii) PoIm quatsney (naruBl .odg.

ihpulse rcsponse skelches.\tal is neanl by'eye patern' ib rhe dala rJanshhsion sysieWnle a nole on adaptive cqulialon,

c, Explai! the non-coherent DPSK system.

Wilh a block 'liasm conccpt, explain the cohercnt binarl l sK lIor a given input binary *qu€nce 0l I 010 0 0, skerch the i.phase dd quadEture phasccomoonenB o QPS(. rh.i ts) Bddrnc rhese .\o ud\etomi. du+ Lhe i.r oos<

z-G oF .r,i\ o,M klu;1;fi\t\ ., ".,..,

ii;*' ,"

a. Dennecon@ptu l oodel oladigit l mnmic.lion sysm.b, Pole th. Gnn-S.h, id onhogdrliari@ pocedE.

05EC6l

a. Srole and lde d€ tbre pmFrti.s ofnrrch€d 6trer,b- Wilh a neat bl@k di.gmm, qplain tte qudErm &ceivn, uing coftl.to6.

.. Iseudo noise (PlO sequence

c, Sprcad lirtry PS( syslebd. Applicados ofspead sDectrm,

068C61USN

Sixth SemesterB.E. Degree ExamiratioD! Mty/June 2010Digital Gommunication

c. What is equaliation? Explain adaplive equ.lization for dala rbsnissiotr.

PART _ AViL\ a block diagram, explaih lhe b6ic signol processing operaiioN involved itr a digitaicomuicario. syien. (07 M8rk)

ExDlain 'ilaltop' sdplins, usins sayefoms and equtions (07 M"rB)

lte sisnal x(t) = 2 @s 4()Ort + 6 cos 640m h ideally sepled at fs = 500 Hz. if the smpled

siglaL is p$sed tlroush m ideal low pa$ fihei with cul offrequency of400 Hz:i) Der€mine rne spectm ol ihc s@plcd siglal md sketch.

i]) Whal neqnency conrpone.rs will appe in rhe nlld oulput? (06Mrri5)

Vrire a notc on -TDM'. (orMrrks)

ShoN rhal the sisnal to qdmlizlion noke po*6 iatio of a urifom quanizei is

lSNRl", =1.8+6n and n = nmbd of bilvsmlle. (06 M,rk,

Not , Ats*q M! FIVE lul questiohs, selectingat least 1-Wo qu.stions Jrom eo.h Porl.

\&rr is the ne@$ity of mn uifom quotizatio!? Explain comPoundi.g.

A telepl$ne sisnal band limiled to 4 KHz is to be lr&snirled by PCM. I']E sic@l tqudtization noise powr Etio is lo be al lea( 40 dB. rind tbe numbei of lcvels into *hichthe signalla ro be ocoded. Also 6nd thc Eansnission bmd widlh. (0,l M,rk)

wirh neal diagms, explain lhe opeGtion ol DPCM. (07 Msk,A DM systen is tesled with a I O (]]z sinueidal sislal rv,1h I v peak to Peak at llt i/p Ii issmpled al l0 tnnes the Nlquist rate. whal h lhe step size ro\eloadi li91_t\,,,',i.,F\prM. r can.er.y{en /:;/ \"\,otv{k'tit ^.,. \, tlorrrbtrryo'r roEle.o loloo.d"w'rova.ebm Jtina c(r. , I noaM,LiiiUr.polr \47 .' JniDoluRZ i,

' Pold !R7\ '

i4 Breold,I\lz.

, - .,-- -,.-,-,).:Y,/ ."-",-,,.-

3

3".

Eiz>.

;+

1=

=3

ti

9qgE

:Ei;a9

Describe Nyquistt oireria lir disronionlBs bdebod 1i&smissr.-.s\r:.;lrZ/ @6$*ks)

Explai. the need lor a pr€cods in a duoblnary signaling. lor i/p binary data l0l I l0 i, obtainthe o/p rEcods ed o/p of duobin ry coder Explain hoq data cm be detecled al thc

PAIIT - B

i) Cohere$ BFSK trmniner ed ii) QPSK tiansnitd. (loMrrk)

The bil sticm lolll000ll is lo be lrtushined Bing DPSK lecnnique. Det mire lhe

encoded sequencc md kbsmitied phde seqEnce. Also Mile the block dasrd of lhe

modulator d demodulalor lor the sme dd expl.in. O0 M,rkl

06EC61

A bimry dala is liasnited using aS( over a AWGN chmel al a rate of 2.4 Mbps. hecdjer mplitude at rhe Eceivd is I uv. Nohs specn'al density NJ2 is lons waitrHz. Find

Ihe average probahi liry of emr if the delecti on is conerenl. Take € rfd5 ): 3 x 1 O 6. (06 M-t5)

wilh a diasrm, explain fie model ol dignal commuicalion systen. (03 M..b)

Explain geometic inlerpreiation of sisnals. (06 Mtk)

Ivlentio. the applicalions of spread spedrm syslem. Explain Ihe pinciFlesequence sprcad sp4rnm syslen.

Explain the fiequency hopped spread spectm systen,

A sbw FrrMrsK sysr€n has the following ,&meres:The nmber ol bits / MISK synbol = 04The nmber of I'fFSK sydbol / hop = 05Calcuh& tbe processing gain oflhe syslem in decibels.

Explain the delection ol knoM sigrak in nois.

wdte a nore on minimum meo sq@e e@ eslimale.

A polar NRZ walefom is to be €ceived by a narched nier. Binary,eciangular posilive pulse dd binary 0 G represnted by a recl&guleoul lhe impulse response ofrbe malched finer ed skelch it.

a

5 a. Gir the steF ued for fnding bah

l Denre MAP dirda ir a Eceiver

06EC61

fiied@ Ning ortlDgonqlization prcad@, fd N = 2.(06 Mrrr,)

&d aplain how ML cnc.ion is usd i, @EclalionOr Mtr!,)

a Derive the dlr€siotr for SNR for a natch€d fiIer,b. Explai! &it fleqEncy hop sp.ead specl$n syslem.

c. Nolion of srEad spectiE syst€B.;

.

O6EC5'

PART Ba. Explain wilh a near block dlaglm the cohqmt QPSK Ttuittq md R*€iva (03 Mrk)b. A birary FS( system tasmils dala at a dte of 2MBPS over m AWGN cnmcl. The noise

n ze'o mu wilh PSD. .0 = 10 " w Hz . I\e mp'tude o'I R* ved ciCrl rn de ao>ence

of noie is I IV. Detemine lhe sveBse ptubability of €mr for coheErt deteclion of FSK.

Take dc!6f; = o.ooo41 (06 Mrrk)c' Show Ltat lh. enersy of sisnal S (t) is equal to the sque of lensrh of lle coEespondins

s(r) is a @ranguld puls of anplirude A and duarion T.c. Calculale lhe bddwidth emciency ofm M-ary sisraline scheme.

uhee r = O. l.2.I and r is m nkeei nurrok of !.,Ii) Detemine lhe dimensionaiity N ofihe sig.rl set.ii) Deternine a ser of oldogo@lity N ofihe sigal set.iii) Detemire tnc co.licients Si ofthe sisnats S,O,iv) Cive lhe si$al constelalion diagrm.WlEl is spEad spe.ruh comuicalion? Wla! is itscomoily used sprcad speean technique?Vrite the applietioB ol spEad specftm rchniqu€.

WIat do you D@ by d oplinM @iv.r with pfercn@ to a digirrl modulalion sclehe?Vrit€ tne shene of a .orelalio. ieceiver ed descnbe ils f@tes. (06 Msrl.,)

l-ud rl e oLQur o,lhe mar.hed 6ltsand deEmine tne mu'nm \alue ol S- rle inpurNi

a. Cotuidq the s€t ofsienals,

s,(,)=fry'("rt-r;)

d, TDM,

EC61

Srtth Scmester B.E. Desree Examination, Dec.07 / Jar.08Digital Communication

Note. l.Ant|9er nnr FIVE fil questions.2, A*the hltsiry dataiuitablt

a. Exphia vshE conmunicalion chaNeh lor dieilal commuication. (03 Mark)b. Brins olt B€!tus and dendns ol digihl coddunicalion ovor ealog communication

c. E'plartrqu.dtuE samrlints ol Mnd pa$ sisnah.

a. wharisndroFsarpting?DeilcmexpEssionaorthenartopsamptedsignal.(o7M,rk,

b E4lai" rif,e division mu liplexing (TDM). (05M.rk)

0 A sigml x0) = 2 cos l00ar + 6 cos 640tr1 is idcally sdpled at I. = 500HZ.lfthe sanpled

signal is ped rhrotrgn an ideal lolv pss filler N,rh cut olI rr€!r+.19E--{0Hz iindi) x{0 and skerch its spectM.ii) Smpled ri8n.l X6(0 dd skerct its spectmiii) Tlecomprne s that wiu lppea. ar the nlier out pnt

or non uifom quanrizarion? Explairti,i-h-comperndi.c medods\ --:,,: ,_/ (06Mrk)

op.raliotrolDPCM lEnsnittainnd tuceiver.

(04 rerBla nre ol64 kbps. Find the bmdwidth Fquired o

syncm Nnh a rahcd cosinc specirum ilthc rcll of

Wirh dias@s, explain nl detail. thc(l0il,rks)

A lelcpilof si$al rvirh hmd width 4KIL n disitized in to an 8_bil PcM; samPled at

Nyquis de Calculate l,CM lra.snission band Rid{h and signrl lo qnantialion doise Etio(Sl\'R). (04 rhrk)

a. what is the Rc.$iiy

d lhe oupu of a digilal conputer h aiIra miithr.$(ausins a binary PAMfadose=Lmd02i

a Explaitr Tr ccrier sysrein (06 iu,.k,b Explaix. ho$.Ehed cosine specrm can bc rsed b reduce IS1 (06 Nl,rkt.. A bindy d.ia squence is l00ll0ll sketch thc$rve form for thc following lomats

(0{ thrBl

Exphnr Duo bnrary sicnaling schener and oblain $e iransfer irnction ollhe Duo bnraDfilter (widitri pEcode4. (07M,rk,Explain t[e med lor a prccodcr i. duo bin:ry signaling. For inFut binry data 1011101.

obrai! ine dupul olprecodcr. duo binary uncoder ouqru and decoder oulpur. (0eMsiks)

wnte a Dt4 @ 'cqualiTation'. (0r Mrrks)

06EC61

Siilh Semest€rB.E. Degree Examiration, Junc-July 2009

Dlgltal communication

Note.l. ANbe, ary FIVE Iull qrcstims, selectihgot |e"n IVO q@stions ftun each Port ) ad Po.t B.

2. MissinE ddta ba! be suilabv dssuued.PART - A

a. Obhin e expEssion for rouier Trdsfom of a smPled signal. Asme flat rop smrling(03 Mrrk)

b. A bddpds siclal s(0 wift a speclru shoM b€low fisule Ql O) is id4ilv smpled

skelch fie s!.clm of sdpled sisnals !t i = 25 ed 45 Ilz lndioate if ed [ow the signal

cm he r€cove*d 03 Mrrk)

r,,,I

Fie. Ql (b)Whatis apedm efecf? !io* is il oliminated?

Explain the need for noduifom q@tialio, Also exPlain p-laq

Il E denoles the eneryl of a srictly badlimiFd sig€l 8(0, tho

E=l el-1L uherc u 6 fie hish.* fiequenc, codlonenr or8(t)

c. The sicnal c(t)=2oos(2000fi) 4sin(4ooonris qumliud bv rcuding oll, uinE a 12-bit

q@li@r. $hat is lhe ms qudliation etur dd the q@tizliotr SNR? (06M&rk)

a. Considcr a speech signal with a lroimud iequency of 3 4 kI1z ed msif,m mplitude of1 lolr lhc ap*ch sigml n applied lo a D.M. wili i1s bil rar€ al 20 kbilshec. Di$uss thc

choice of an appopnatc stepsia for the delra modulator. (05 Mrrk)b. Compd€ PCM 6d D?CM. (olM'rk)c. Oblai, powr spectral density ofNP.Z biPol& tomal md dmw its nomalized PSD.

(rrMrik)a. D6ien a bina,y bde6Md PAM sy*em to lr@smit dsta al a bit iate of 3600 bitvsec, with a

bil dor prcbability < I o{ . The cn@€l Esponse h given by,

H rr,=lro' lrl. r4oo

' [0 eheqbere

'fte noisc !owe! spdral density is

p-:.b ,Abindydat3sequence is 011011 Sketch the wavetom for the following fomats:

l) Rzuipold ii) NRZBipols (o{Mr.k)c wnh a n@t stdctue, explain the concell ofthe adaptive equalialion process. (05M.rk)

c,(f)=io '' vansarz, Q(y) s r oi , r > 3.?5, pmeter

. OoMrrIs)

le,'fi1b €L d 8uun,,,r (

ntf",":g.YJ\ ,.,J:w#,.",""";,,

rc6l

Sitth Semest.r B.E.Dlgital Commrihication

Not I Aasv MJ FlYEJu qa$tions.

Slate and prcve sanpling anii econsrrucion of low pds sisnsls usins Nyquisl eiterion.' (07 ihrk,Sisal s(t)=2cos400n+6os640d is ideally enpled d a" =500H2. If thc smpled

signal is pssed though an idcal low pass filtor with a cur or ftequenoy .J00 Ilz wla(lkque.c, co mponen6 wi ll appea at rhe 6ller ollput? osM tlove that mcan squarc eroi ol reconstrucred ne$age pr@ess is ao lor Nide sensestationary mcssaee pioces whoe power spelml densny k srrlctl, bandlinited. (03 illrrk)

(03 Nr,rk)

in binary FSK genmrion and coheenl03Mek,

a. Sho\ tnal shifted sinc tunctions used in reconsrrucrion of smpled signrs i.e. sinc(2n,n)are mutullly onhogonal. (05 Mrk,

b. ExplainthephcricalproceduErorsampling Sllle and pmve iar rop smpJing. (0rr,rk)c. Six independent nessage eures of bandwidfis w, w, 2\ 2w, 3w &d h are to b€

lmnsmlned on alime division muhiplexin8 basis usidg comon channel. Set up a sc[emelor acconplkhing ihh vith qch message beins sanpled ar irsNrquhr dte. Detemlne theminimum lEnsnission bandlridrh of chrnei.

a. D*ivc the expresion for pobabifuy ol dor io estinare rhe performance of PcM systemnansniue'l along channel dsoci,red wnh AWGN, lo3 M,k)

b. Signal m() =6sin2I1 is xmmined usins 4 bil PCM systoh. QuanliEr k ot midrher

rype with step size I v. skotch the PcM lor one conplete cycle. Asm. samplins ralc of4.ampre'*c Ni,h ssmp e!,orcn *, = r )l.r%.r%"*'.

c. \ttd is.o elative6ding? Explain duobinary.odins wirh md wnhout pEcodins.

Derive the SNR ol delu modulator lor .o slope overload .o.diron and wirh an inputx(!)=aocos2ar)t. Fudhq obtain SNR lor a ca* where rcceiveroutpulconrains lowpass

nller, *hose bandNidlh is ser equal L me$age bandwidth N such lhar f0 < p . 10. Mrk)

Civen the binary sequence 01i010110 onslruct polar NrZ, u.ipol NRZ, Bipolar,Manchesler and nat!$lquanemary Iine codes. (0s Mrk)D*ire rhe Nyquist oirerion aor ditortionlcss baseb.nd binary tnnsmission and menriontr\ 0....(al i;'rion drd olL,'o11r.

a. Denrc $ qpresion for prob.bilily oi enor

Explain wilh neat block diasrm ihe cohcEnt QPSK tansmins ud r4eiver. Forasivenbi.ary sequence 0t101000. Dnw rhe sigml space EprcFnralion md rclevui QPSKwavetorms. 0s Mrk)Binary dara is tmsmitled over AWGN channel usins BPSK ar a 6le ol I Mbps. Il is

o.1i'ed ro ho\e a..mgc p.obaoirN o_ e.{' P"-.n " *'." ,.O . ty' O ''

wan/l{z. Derenine lhe alerage cdier poqe! requted at Eceiver input ilthe dctecbr n olcoherent 1ype. l^$une errc (].5) =0.000251. (0r M.r],

E

EC6l

a l.tplain r\e PoPenE' dl nskhed fir'-';. ; i;;;': al;: .,,,, ard sr',' !'e .s srown ir neu* Qo n'

^ppr/ crm ccinid'

drho M"li$non ro obhh o;o normJ b6h tunc' ons lor 'ign5h r\Pre$ 'ne s sral'

ii,,li,,', *".,", I. "^ oronhono trar bai' tunc'oN

1,',

Fie.e6O). Lisl the tunclion of coftlalion raeivcr'

!v'tri. *ero eo. PN code i' cprcad"pe'dnIi ; l:1;i; i; "#;;.';i ; nim tensh "equm*

m ;*qu*. semm ed notr r'4e.h' a -,ifti wtih lirff leed bock veriftv these pmpenes md detem'ne ue pc oo o trr

"i. ", iii'io,*. ororrrooro, t to.

". i'pi". "l'n'ii".i al,s",,re trodel ordnec' seqJne sp'ead binarvPsK ''atlT; *.l,,

wrne eaplantrory nol.s on mv four olrhe following:

€l

rf1r.ii

I '\ i l,

a. DPCM ilNifrer and leceiver.

c Specch coding at lo{ bn 6les.d Mdimm hkellhood eiimaEaid mem

e. Eye paitem and adaPliv. cqualialio.squar drer e$imale. =:

Jx(tt

a. Vith a diagm, explain FSK coherst deleclion.

i) Quadmlrc Ph6e shi$ keying ii) Dilfenial Phase shin keying.c. Explain M-ary noddalion techniques.

a Show that tne probability of bn cm! of a nalched lillq receiver is given by

EC6I

.- =I "n E. 2 IN^b. Eaplain bdinm iikely nood cstinalor.c. A binaJy data h mnsmitEd usibE ASK over

The cmiei mplitude at the Ecive. h l

lhe noise po sspe,lol d.s.y o ='0' wad-/Hz. Fi rhe a\(DC.!lbabrl r\ oi

emr if&e deE.rion is coh€Ent. (Hinl : lake erft6) " 3 . 10 1 06 Mrtksi

Detne spEsd spectrum. Explain the principle ofdned equcncc spEad specm sysrem,(0e M'rk )

(03 Mlrkl)

(06 Mrrk)a AwcN chmel al a ratc of 2.4 Mbps.

i) Slow EEq@ncv noEpins.n) rasi Ac$s.cy boppi.B.A slov IwIvtrISK h6 the folloBins pasnete6Nmboi ofbitsn IFSK synbol = 4Nbis of MISK srnbols/bop = 5.Find lhd p@essing sain oalhe system.

05EC52

Sixth Semcster B.E. Dcgrce Examinafion,Mlcroprocessors

Nor.t A"s*r dh! FlvE lull queslio"s, sele.lingat least TWo qaestioasrod each Pan

e

!;

:'

"i=i1

.-

E,

i!EEq4

;

i)iD

Explain the architeciure oI8086 nicrcproce$or, {i$ a neat diasram, alons {ilh nDcrio$of eac h block and Esister. 02Mrk,Explainlneadlan1lgesofseghenralion. (0{ Mrrk)

llDS =CBAO H, CS =4000 H. Sl =456711 dd lP=2055H, Nharislhead&essoltheinstrucdon drat L lerc hed? W hal n fie adde$ of the data? (0,1 :{ rk,

Explain the follosing insm.tionsli)XLAT iil sc4sB iio LEA BX, 56Hlsll i!) AA.

b Dcnne r\e d.emb.er di'ed've L\p.ern $e lol.o\v ngdiE.ti es

iD PTR iiDEVEN iv) PROC.

Ernlain,trrh.xampe r.lloxitrE iddres nts m.dcs n8086:i) Re-qisler oddrcssi.g ii) Based indexed addrsssed

iii)v&iablc pon addressing i!) Slacknemory addEsing

a Explain lhe lolloNins pins of8086:

ir tO(K ii) BHE / 57 iii)HoLD iv) DT/ R

Wrire an ALP to tansfer 10 words oI data using RE? MOV SW inslruclionlocalion to desrinalion Iocation. Whal is lhe role ofsI, Dl registes and DFtil?wnG a MACRO lmctior

lo ftad a cntractcr with echo

iii) 10 read a charactcr silhoul ecnoiv) to display a tcxt mc$agev) ro Bd a sdns of chdrcre^.

B 'rBo 'he d "r" er.r *Meen VACROdo p'oeduN-l-

Wrire an ALP to nulliply a 2 digil BCD nunb.r by a single dieir BCD nmber by relealedaddition usin-q DAA inslruclion (05 Mrk,Explain the t pes or intemps along wilh acion ulen by 8086. shen an i empl occu6.Also, explain inLerupr vecror lable (r0 Mrk,

058C62

W le ths conllol wod fomat of 8255. Explain wi$ a tlock diagru, how lo inred&e 4x4keybo-d wilh 8086 using 8255, O0 Mark)Imcrlace eight 7{egnent dispLay, using 8255 with 8086, write an ALP to dnphy 1, 2, 3, 4,5,6,7.8 ovs lhe eight 7+cgnenl displays continuously. (roM!rk)

tbo diffeE 8087 dala t,res alons yirh rnen fonat,

i)ii)iiuiv)v)

the control reeister fomat of 8087.

the followiq innrocdons:FMUIP ST0), STISQRTFLD QWORDPTR[SI]FLD?I

Wilh a 6lock diastu, explai. the naxinum mode of opeEtion of 8036,

Write a nole on mildsar seial bus (USB).

Explain with strucnne th. speoial 80386 registeu.

Wnk lhe lealures of80486 proce$or and Pentim Dmce$oi

5

06cs45

Fourth SebesterB.tr. D.gree Examinrtion.Microprocessors

Mat/Junc 2010

;

P:

ai

:=

:J

:

Notc: t.Aasret an! Ftt E lu .tuestio r,s.t..ti$at t.a two que\lioa\lron elch Da1 -

2-a L P shoutd b. wctt co,n., b,l

P,{RT Aa. Erplain&e inrenal a'chite.ure ormac-iiii?ncrL a;o. wr,"r is .*r ry plp.minsrl,*. r; il;:;iJii,i"fiiu, u,or, ,n. ,o,jll#Jjt,pipoli.ine.

" l',: '':-I ,:''* ' 'efj-e rlo r'ch 'rr' r ' ' i 1<" *,r.

'.,-, ",, ,:1'J;'$:

: P::-l_.jql1t,tu ":"*.. m -1,

re. or 8o8h * ih ! rabre,nia .otu.u rrp,ar url a I c,dmote. r, \ r, hiote I Le F.*,k on. I c,- b. inpt.trer eo. 6m;

c. wire an ALp b crear arr conrior nass or8os6. lflH:I]a. Differendate letween a nacro &d sub.ourin.t. r,pu;, .i'r,

". "*ir., io* *.#i# .- u" ,*,.a . , *r..rin.. *i"" ",,"101

'"*")c. wrire m alr ro varidare a psstrorrr Assune rbe conecr p6..",0

". "u"ou. l;;frItlPART B€ LsL 1sir5 e\mnh.., r ".t"".e^;;bi*"i*...,.i) F \.RN i, t \ FN .i ,t \?t tr,A\qUMLb ( orpLr J c f.!'oriato.. s \e,8 bir rurbe. usilc,e.L\io

a. Illustmr Niih a ncar dnc.m. rhe solkins of so86 in re

4. rr'dy.j\,-cmot\ hn-,.S. prcetu o.,e.orre_r rool)de\eloomenr i..k

b. Cons ld the mechlne code toi MOV Ct_,IBXI instruction.

liming tliaCra ol I/O rad lpersrion.Inktue. bu 8

^a RAIIS ".aning !rlh .n "d,l,es,.Ioo0JUH Drarsdda!d..odcr\o'[5heq I se jLstrSde.oderto, e\remataddre..

Dmw the control $od fomar of s25S. Exolain itF\phind.trersrm hoG d d.la kaBrerrch.de.. qd1)rrab.e c(Dp.eswnEtu ALP rodhDlal 0.o qona 7 kgre ttDdi"plaJosF

d I rr Mdernbe he q.o.a8O8o !it,ulcqnen.r,espondr b m inretuplb B rflJ cxplsil 'lie

opeaio1.,8tr,). wi h, near b.oci diagram ,;;;;;;,. ucn-b.lhe .espon(.18080 pske.,r .,"*i.".. rVr i" "^p. " g. ,i A*;C ;d qqor oprrion vt,ch p,oo jce. e divid( bv zem inrer Lor. I r u.",r,". i,..pr *,^

"(obvrrts,

_l 06EC62

B.E. Degr.eExamination.Microprocessors

Noiet Answer anr lItE fal q u6tio,s, seledinaat least TwO qaesrions fioh each pai

DiscNs bnefl), hoi ni.olrocessor n6 evolved \irh rdtevmce to ils caiabillrv. bir si7.a drpotr.aio. ,0" M,,,.,$ .,reL{el c r,8 80.lU.c.p..nhcroleotile or'o,,ins

i) Ins'ncdon qneueil) Se-qment regisrersiii) Gcnenl prlose resisrers. 10s Nilrk,

write and e{plain *ith relelmi tinins dia$d a memolv read oleration in 8086 uder minmod' to6 trhrk)

oriiiL",r",l ili^...'r. r"rr",'i,e i,.-ui.^ -d *pr"i"**\h&gr*,uol:::*)

Exprain the sicnilimna of rte |oirosi.c pi6 or8086 erocessorz,99!_3dA\

:; HI (",i(*slli',,. lsr \1\ ,4..i,-

ii) HLT md M niii) Jmp &d call (osMuk). ui.',e r'e a.emolerdire. \4' I )ol_, .le ...ro1 De -,m"d b, rhe to]]oMc; e. \., Pflce db (. )ii) IAJ lqu 40hiii) AssuMEiv) EXTKIN

d $ii..dJ-jrbrr r8rse o'oetu omrC..N'b-".o d,r:ceronCo.d. $,rercre\ tcojmen6 lores!h.trhe Dnru!Lionusedr ur sr.i,g i,'t""ti-, r" p";;;;;;i;;G* o,M!rk)

Blockmo!€of N bies fron -SOLRCE, to .DESTN,

Dcc.09/Jan.l0

!i

:;

;!ai9!

31

!E

;i

E

ii) Concalemrc rwo stlings.w e the complere proerm s irh connrenr.

J. r\p d.n the..e^re d d h-rd"tre ir rrup.. 1.hE.n BoBob. ci!e rhe siCnrfiace oIBIOS & DOS intmors( DLffereni'are beNeen m:cm

SlDw an i.rerface of a

Wnh necesary hddx€r€

8086 and cxplain irs h6ic

i.reface of ? segment IED

o6LC62

a. \ifhat is a co-p.ocessor? wiiy it is qlled so? Cive fie sieninuce oI 3037 NDP. (Nmeri.at

b Explain tle vrjou dala types rhat 8087 @ hodle. Gve exoples (06 Mrrk)c. Wrile a plogrm to obtain the h,?orenue ol a nenl Eles lriangle eiven ns sides A & B

using 8037 inrerfeed ro 8086 (osMrrk)

r Explain wilh Elevmt block diagah lhe msinm mode operalion of8086.b. what re th€ cndaclerislics of the followins?

i) Penphnal component inrerconnect (PCI)ii) Univesal sqial bus (USB). @6 Mskl

c. Show m interlace ol a printer to a 8086 pbcessor. Explain the signals of imporlarce.

a. Vrile a nole on $e lriou special regisles in 80386 CPU.b. Disu$ brjefly rhe lwo nodcs of operadon in 80386.c. Desoibe the baic featues ol a Penlium proces$r.

USN MI,55

Fifth Semester B.E. D€gree Examination, D€c. 07 / Jar.08Advanced Microprocessor and Microcontrollel

Note I A"swer at! FIVE fut q@stio"s.

a Wiih a ncat block diagian exptain fie intemal archilecture ofs0S6nicroprocesor.

o loenriry -l.,odresirC modcs ir'ne otowne jn. tu!rion,:i)A?P1IlB.xl .,vovAx. ooo sr .B\t ii ,vov.r21dpr.Ax ,.r(.c\]suB.\.[s'r 1000H'. ,uiM rs)c Dxplain the mcnory orseizalion ot 3086 nicrcprcceso. l0sMaik,

a. Give rhe seven fomars ol8086 innrudions,b. E"ptdn th, ronosinc ins;;;;, (o'M&'ik)

i)IOOP ii)TEST iii)SAR iv)MUL, (usM,rk)c. Wrile an ALP to add rwo 8-bitnumbeN using rrocedurc. (osMark,

a. Wlal de s*mbltr diEctiles? Exptain aby four a$enbler dirccrivc ot 8l]s6

b. wnr;n ,\!P to flnd bmbe! ot vovel chmcr^ olailable i, lh" si,..,t ,s "lT;l,I["]c. How sra.k opciarion t perfomcd in 8os6 hicrcpmcesor? I;: Iffi' \ = \-Pbrrmk.n tioona-cilubea r.rg so8o ric,ooro.e.sor ,r0v,,Lll0. Lre..nbeilFrariou. r$c(o,.oft\ rnrenp , r,uc.., n..

a. Exphin dirrqenr dda ryp6 or8087. ..,i,.i:ilrr*,".-,,b. Explain the lolowing 8087 insrtudiomr ,.:a:{' '.i..:,..

4 iorv iil lxor' iiit ruoii.-'.'' i .' ,/ ,., , , . . iot u,,r,",.. wiile a ro e on ir'.nLptr'e.,or ublo orS08o, r..opr ,ce*o 1l .;;;;;;;:,

a. Explain rhe fearuEs of hicoconlolter. ,"::*-1,:,1,,,

!. ExphinthedilleEnioodesotoperarionof8i]il riherb. Exploin the addresins Dodes otsO5t

n. WilhGehelpof blockdiagmnexplain 8l]5l microconrolier.b wlc n Aj P,odrsn,e.he -r.oin ir :e"re-a,re o ce,

USN 06F,c,62

Sixth Semester B.E. Degree Ex.miration, Jure-Jtrly 2009Microprocessor

i) Mov iBP + Dr + sl, AH irMovAl,l5036Hl (oaMrl!')a. Exphnr rh. following sting insrruclions

i) MovsB ii) Repeal Prenx GEP) iii) sTosw iv) SCASB v) CMPS.

b. write e aLP to oonvet los€rcase ro uppercase usins 6odula. "-""*,." "rr:iJ:ifrllrvo lai lrocedu.es one for radins liln keyboard od one for displalils.

Notet 1. A"s|9er ory FIyE fuu qusriohs' sel*tineat least TWO qaesriohs f,oh e.h pan.

2. Statdard notatio,t ore usz.r.3. Mksing dara be suitablr assu .d.

PART - AD@{ the inteda.l achi tecture of rhe 8086 md explain Brieny explain the flas resister.

O0 Msrk)lxplain &e tasie.r tlosd ea (TPA) md system area ofa pmoml compnler.

00:t arb)Wrile ar ALP lo multiply tvo l2 bit numbers slored in consecutive nemorr locatioN mdslore lhe rcsult in the memor, (t0 Merk)Dillcrentiate beMe4 Direct proe@ menory addressing. Relative prceiam nemoryaddresing ed Indned plogrm memor] addr$sins *ilh onc or two exmlles. (06 M,rk)Il DS = AB]0IJ, CS = 8920H. SS = 2BOIH, BP = 2D45H, SP = 0ll0H, Si = 1234HDI = 4r56H then deiffine l]le physical addles ofrhe following instruclions

d \ot a". o oGnBDOs.J,F' ,t ' .'Hrm.ro1, /z oF a -

', l\l,2.n.lrrc'onn0.H _,. /- -\r:l lfll:lll.Iuu.n !1f. /,..r,_=..,,.' ;iii) 1NT21H. Fuction 0Al{ Lt;i o}''...,,.nr) r\r:: H.r-uc.on0qrr LJI r.\r Nl2 'l.rs!rob-6rl \.\ '*'.' \T.: l.lu.'or'DH \.)\r

o D,"r .be p.r-ou, ot , ( 82ia ^ prcsffio e i ,.elp c., xiS&SI4a'd des,ibe .,.1F,n. (l0yerls)

PART.Ba. lxplain lsolalcd md Menory Mappedl/O. 1o5M,rtrtb. Explain about the lnltowins t/O inslruclions

i) N wilh fixed ddres ii) IN Nilh vriable addft$ ii, INSBiv) OUT wih nxcd addrcss !)OUTSW (0syrrk)

c. l]{!lain the pnsrdmmable periphera] i.tedace {PPI) with comod b}tes of de commandrceisb in ihe 82C55. (l0Mrrkn

a. Draw lhe intemal stEcture or 80 x 8? rithmetic copncessor md esrlain (r0 M,.k)b Eapldin lhc folloBirg 8087 .oprocessor inshctions:

i) FSQRTi ii)ISTP| iii)FSCALL n)FRNDINTi v)ICOM (l0M,rk,a Wdle shofi rcres o. lhc folloain8:

i) Pedpheral C.hponent Imeronne.t (PCI)Iii) Pa.allel pinr*interlacc (LP]) 0o M-k,b. lxFiain ihe Univesal Send Bus (USB) wilh PN conn-sualion. UsB Dara, IisR

connm.ls. 00 Mr}j)a Wrire a norc on Pcntih nicrorroccssor. (roM,rk)b. Explainabor special80l36 regist€^. 00M,rk)

06EC63USN

Sixth Sem€ster B.E. Degre€ Ex&minaaion, December2010Analog and Mixed Mode vl-sl Deslgn

':p"2

el:

EtF

!!

:E,89

!€

!a65

Max. Marks:l00

Notd Aasp.r a,t F.YE lutt quesnohs,sel.cting ot least TwO questionslrom each Po .

0v

0t00

25Vt0t

lll

DEv rhe trdslt .uve for a l+i1 ADC wilh rmp inpul. Explain *hal is qunlialionercr. Plor lhe queizarion eror gnpn for e ideal ADC. (10 Mrrlc)ExDlainlhe mixed siFml layoul hsues. OoMrrt,

with refeEnce lo a DAC describe I

i)Resolution iil]-SB iii)DNLFind lhe value of I LSB md v* for a

Detemine the DNL od INL for a

Conment on the monolonocily.

Design a 3-bit DAC using binary $!nch aay.5 mw. Find lhe dalog yalue lor lhe inpul D =

Wilh a ne* diasBm, explain lhe qorking olavollase al lhe end ol ach cycle for N : .1 vR.l =

ill INL !) vx vi) Dynmicnnse,+bn,8 bn&d 10 birDAC. VRd=5V. (r2Mrrk)3-bi1 non ideal DAC silh $e siven oulput vElles.

Assune vRd = 5V d powr101. DEw the diaErm 6d $e

cyclic DAC. Find ihe vahe of

Explain the workins ol a succ€ssive spproxiaadon ADC, wilh a block diagmm lor fieADC. sire fie intemediate values for VRd = 8V, N = I and Vji = I 5v. (u Mrk)ExDhin the workingofa voltasecompaator, wi& &e help orablock dia8rm. (03 Mrk)

PART - B

Give the Z doiain represolation ol a lwo parh avemser md plol the magnitude ed phase

eslonsc ofthe digiral filter. (r0 Mrk)if the inp sinevave to u aleBger hts a pcal mPln.de oI 0.5V and a ftequency ol2oMilz, detmine the pqn amplitude ol lhe averags oulrul and the delay titrolCl Ilecncuil. (06Mrrk,Develop an expe$ion for the er{ti,e nmber ot bits, in lems of $e neaNed SNR, if lheinpul sin€mve hd a p$k mplilude ol40% ofvRr, VRd. (MM,rks)

I of2

f,

06EC63

Wiih $e help ol a block diagEm, explain the accuml.te and dmp ci(uil. Plor 1ne gmeralfrequency rslons ofd sveogine 6her. (,0 MrtE)S!@ify the accwcy Eqried of an S bil ADC, if il is lo be us.d io adain 12 bire wi$ INLand DNL oft 0,5 LSBS Vulr = 1.5 V. (06 Mlrks)Discus the advetag6 ed disadve6g* of cdcadlng aveEging circuils lo innease filteratteNatio.. @4nr'rk)

a. Explain the conceDr olinErpolalion. @Mrk,b. lxplain how MOSFET behales 6 a capacitor, Exllain Iioalins MOS capacilor. (03 M&l!)c. Explain the simple delay elenont using passlEnsistors md CMOS iiverte^, 01M.rk!)

D6B the eansement for a 4 bil pipelined adder d finl adder bit inplemenld usihgdlmic logic. (0r M.,k)Expiah tho limlialion of an invencr al the oulpui of a op atop, Nilh the help of ils lmsfcrcune.HoNis it ov€@he? (06M,&)

c. Explain t ue single phse docking (TSIC). Using TSPC explain tne delay element(06 Mark)

I]SN 06EC63

Degrec Examination, May/June 2010lllixed Mode VLSI Desisn

"@(sroonr FI|'E lutt qu6no$. setecr,t €(

-!z...iio,N

Two queeio slrohpach pa . f5./ -.v\.1\(lE(*{is ).)q?traleno6 msociaEd sith smpl"Ndr!ddd.4i/, '

\* r"{0 ru

Ecalions. (osMlr

Ithe oltput loitase is d6iEd ro chanse i! I mV incrcDerol4v. (05 M!,

Sixth Semester B.E.lAnalog and I

Note. Anseer ral lust ,

I a. Erplain dtc charactqhtics ed r

b. Bnefly qplain lhe ADC speci,i

c F nd the Esolulion of DAC, ifqhile usins a Elercn* vollage

0

EE

:!

:a

&:Eia!

E,Aa2

2i:f;:

E':>

B

Explain qualiratively rhe achjlecluE a.d workine olcharse scaline DACS. (10 Mrrk)Desisn a 3-bit charg€ scaling DAC and ,nd the yalue of outptrt voltage for DrDrDo = i00andolt.Asmevrcr= 5v,C =0.5PF (0s ir'rk)Briefly exrlain lhe echiieclu & wo*ins of a pipeline digiral b analog coverrq. (o5 Merk)

Explain tb. uch r(h,ernd sorkingofa nashADC

c. B.ieily explain fio blook dherm of a 2-s1ep nsn ADC lnd ns wolkins.

a. Explain qulilalively pr€mplili€tion and dechion circuits

iIa 10-bn fl,sh AD(: is designed, detemire ndinu( of6et vollage of conlmtoN *,ldchwill Dal<e nlIL less than !/ lSB. AssMe &El resker sdng is perfedly marchen aid

Ddw thei. CMOS .ncuils.

ExpLin the principle of m malog nulliplier.Briefly explain CMOS ulos nuliiplid wiir lhe

of a CMOS conpdalor unn.(10 M{i}sl

{05 Mrk)

PART - Ba. Define SNR. elfeclive nunber of bits md clock jifier in mned sisnat cncuih qualilatively.

Explain t[c Fiirciple of ave8ging io in!rcle SNR- in nAed siEml cncuils

Briefly *plain ilE role ol dccjhaling filtes in ADcs.

a. With a net pro€ss flow di,eEm, explain subnicion CMOS tecbnoloeydifercncas as compd€d to CMOS rechnolog.

Explain hoN .apacitor &d resister elenents rc fabrjcated in subdicion

Explain MOSFET a a ssjtch.

06f,c63

qrtal m de'dve'mn!s. Explain ho{ hey m real/ed 6iJrB p6s tuckb.s. !ene6 andIMOS tudTsPcciruis. rt0MrrrsrR€lize a 4 bit pipelined adder sing latnes dd e&lain its o!€ralion. (0s M !.)InpleneDt tull adder uing dlrdic logic snd explain. tos M.rkr)

a, Cosidd r snall sisnal mplificalion of a Ioari.g cllet souce shom in Fis.Q8(A).AssMing NMOS cascade o/p resisrdnce is labeled R!.s , vhat is rhe small sisnal resistdoescm by lesl vollage v,$l (0 M!rk)

, ao\cakdn-

Explain wilh the help ol ciruit

rr^ll ".?

Fig.Q8(A)

diaslms. rhe technique of naling lne

,flq

Iia"q

2of2

USN06EC63

B.E. Degree E$miDatioa, Jure-Julv 2009

and Mixed llode VLSI DeslgnM.x Mdks:100

! noninil rcsislor valne of i kO. rlheto within t%, fird ndimm INL dd2 a A, 8 bit rGrstor slrinc DAC @ fabri€bd wilh

proe$ ss able !o pmlide malching of Esist'Dts

DNL of lie conveaer Asmc Vu = 5V .

b. Elplain gflenc (uweighed) cuenl stecli.e DAC

c Desien a 4 bit chdge scaling DAC lsins . splil dav'C = 0 5 pl. Daw 1he equjvdldl cncuii for D = oCOl dd

(06M ts)

and disuss lhe rehted misnatch etus

Note: Ans$d an! FIWfuU qaeslots' selectinqa,kanM qa. onslrm e@h ParL

PAX'T - A1 a. Srar€ the !6ons for $e pedeslal eror, &mp apetu€ enor md ffipli4 ero'

b. Stale &d explai, specificalio$ of ADC'

Sirlh SemesterAnalog

4 a. Explain rhe purpoe of e&n staEe ol a vobge

!. it:;rl, durripryins quad acc s nurripiierquad have &c sme thBnoB ,ollage.

(03 Mdr)A$uE lial VE = 5ved lhat

O0l0 md delermine fie lalne of(06M'rk)

conpdaioi. Also explain lbe mrking of 1r1

O0nlork)phei all &€ MOSIETS itr lh€ fl lillvinE

0o ri,ri5)

3 a. Explain the pnnciple ofsingle slope ADC ed $e polldrns associaled ilith it' o0 Mskl)

r' Oraw Ue ttoc* aiagrm for 4 bil suc@ssive appmxioation ADC $i$ VF - 5v Elplain

t1E smq TEce tn€ oltlul al vEious stages for Y^ = I 7v (

'o Mrlc)

PART - Bs - De1@inethe ideal SNRofaSbit daraconvener wilhaveFsing oi20 outpurj. (04M4k)

b. Draw the circuit deEemeit ued lor d*ination sd aE4€ilg ed *plain &e sde'Dr rw ,}e cir.L dEemer, '6ed lor 'l{'mJLion

rd a)q€!g o e\pLarr o du(

c. Brins oul lhe principle ofirteryolaion. l,:;.,- (06M!rk)

i Declrihe CMOS omce$ llowrv lh nut skel\he . 'tov,,'tb Flo.a n ho* MO(|F r b_bd\..6 a lapr q Al o cipkh oocrmC VOS caNi o

,..

a. Esrioato t[e [ien b-low and io{-lo-hish de,ays in Ure circniii;tro; in newe a, (a).

L-}, r,)

4) I

b. Dmw the eeEenent

c. Explain tne vorkins of sinpL delay elmat ui.s !6s Eesislor ed CMOS

lis Q7 (a)

for 4 bil pip€lined adder md tull adder hn inplmented Ni4

*dain !h. lihit tioB of inrcrterctrre H6wir it ov@ooe?

068C63

at th€ oulput oI OPAMP, wi& the h€lp of iB aansibr(0'7 M.rl6)

C@ids lhe Ac nall sisnal siEdiff..tion of a@tils c@nl sowe s in Es@ Q8 O).AsMirg NMOS 6c.de oulpur ruistace it labcL<l RNco$ $tEi is {E shall sieral

Bis*@ 6 !m byrne test aolkgp Vd? +. p@. a.,L (orM,fls)

ris. Q8 (b)c. tretmirc time conslrnl of OPAMP wifi uity 8sitr Eequtuv of 100 MHz. AsMe th.t 3ll

the ourpurs is f€d bek 10 rhe input also dct@ire ln. s€ltling lise fot 0l% setling

2of2

trsN 06EC64

<!ana2

Sixth S.mest€r B.E. Degree Examination, December 2010

Antennas and Propagation

Nale: A"swet anr FII/Efu 4.sliois,s.l.ctinqd l.ast TWO questio"s ?oh ench pod.

;

;

,

i;s:::+

2'

i2

qa

e

!

a Explainthc lollo{ing parmetets of anle.ru:i) Beao soliddgleii) Rldiltioninlensilyiii) Efective heiBhl

b r'ind the Elalion belseen IHinum efectile apenue md dnecivity.c An antenna has a neld paftem gilen by D (0) = Cos 0 Cos 20 Inr0 < 6 < 90"

i) The half poNer beam width.ii) 1hc bcm widrb between lnsl nulls.

0 < .i < 2n. Find the dirslility.b, Calculat rhe luimun powr mcciled al a dislece oI 0.s

IGIIZ circuit consislinB of tEnsmtuing ahie.n. wnh 2t dB gaingain ol 20 dB. Assune &e lrusmjllinc mrema input is 150 watb.

c. Slale and exFlain powdrhsrcn.d. Exrlain ield od phase paftm,

a fhe iadiarion inlensity of an anrenna is siven by u = CoJesinl{ for (] < O

a, Derive an exprsion lor roral ileld in case oI 1wo isotropic poitrts wilh sane mplitude mdoppoiLe pha\e Plo! lhe rlatile teld panem when lhese lwo isolropic sources aE spaced

b. Srale d exltain rhe principle ol panm muldrlicarion. Calculalc ed plol rhc neld pancnoI m eray of lvo non isotrcpic dissimillr surces for Nhich fi€ total field is siven by

Iis.Q.31b).

I is the refftncc ss shosn in

rig.Q.3(b).oi n isoropic Doint sowe ol cqual m!ftude

wh -p eo g ves Llo ndll diN'or. I r0d rhe null d.r.,on" lor an e.)*=*,(-*),

ly, *h." 'l,

=I(c- 0 + r). rok. ***

I

06EC64

a. Deive tne expression lbr Ut Bdiaton rcsislance ofshon dipolc. (o6Msrk,b. shdw lhat lne radialion Esislancc of a lined i2 mGnm wiih sinusoidal cunenr distibulion

ise il to 73 O. (03 Mrk5)c. Obtain t.he field panem lora diDole oflenslh i)V2 I ii) 31,/2. (06M,rk)

a. Obtain thc spression lor the i.sfflaneous elecl c neld and nrasncric ficld at a larsedishnce r from a Ioop ofany,adius a. (03Merk)

b. Stalo dd cxp tain Babi net s principie. (o6M,rk)c. Fr\plain micosnip anlemas wnh neal sketches ed mcntion ils advanlages. (06 Marks)

vnk ,h. , norer Jn rt-;\Wnk,h.r noterJn I or ,--\r Logprnoo.. d.ennJ -.'z-."-i.r.rei

lt;i Y \c E loedded c em-s ,t *::s, l:) ilJ:li::d qn,.1b b,ercLdmre.m.insddd.

t\l _r,..

; ):rlaJ. D. ..nb" rhe'a,'o^ "1.c,.19 .,", " *"'" p-p,";\ii!-, - '

b. Fi.d $e appioximare fomuk foi lhe fleld srengh i. iEI-ircpasation and explain horv il$ies sinusolidally. (roMaik)

c. A VHF conmunicadon is 10 be established al 90 MIrz, $irh rhc innsnirei power of35 Watls Calculate the I-OS comnunicarion dislance, il$c hciehrs of lransnitro sdreceivcr antcms are 40 m and 25 m resFeclitely O4 M,rk)

a Deiinelhe lollosing ar rclaled lo ionospheic prcpagation:

ii) Mdimum usable tequencyiii) skipdisl&ce. (06Mrrk)

b. Dcnvc lhc cxpe$i o. lor re iacli vc index ol d io nosplenc hye r (03Mrrk)c ,^n electrcmagnetic Rave ,r litquency I is prcpaAalin8 lltrough a lossy diclcclric mcdium

lalnre conduclilily 6, peinitiivny E = EoE. ed pemelbihy p - uo. De ve an expEsion

, n. lelerh ,i'l e oedi'i, r - I slos l}- 'r. '.nu-a r

'.

06EC54USN

Sixah Semester B.E. Dcgrec Examinstior, Mty/Jure 2010

Ahtennas and Propagation

Nor.. Ateer anr FII,E fu questio$, electinEdr leost TllO qaestions froh eo.h parr.

olr metes h siven by E

a. Denve a €xpEssion for dte@ .fiiciency in t€ms ofradiado! esisl&e.

! Frnd lhe diErnity ddbqm widlholihe

PART - Aa Denne fie fouo*ing wilh Fspecl $ orcm.:i) lsotrcpic rsdinor

iii) Radialion patem

b. Antema of gai! G radiares Wl. Watls. Show ihar the 6ee spffi intensiS E ar

!ts

1!

!,c

=s

E!

".P

i!EF

[3zaE:;Ei:

6:

Ee!

b. skte d prcve rbe power tneorehc Prove thar D = 2 (n+ l) for a unidiretional patten si!"n by U = U6 @si e,

a. Deive an expressioh lor ndiation €sistmcc of a shon electic dipole.b. w re shon notes on l

i) FoldeC dilole &lema i ii) Th,n lined mtem.

PART - Ba. DisNss rhe f*lures of a loop mlemd. Dqive m expresion fo! ld

b. wrire notes on : i) Hom &lenna ; ii) Slot mlem.

Dedve m exp!.$ion fo! Eeld inlemity for two isonolic point sourus siih equal mplitude&d equal phdq 0o Mr}l)Diaw Uc pold diasrm of a boarlside day with nunber of€len€nls = 5 hd sp&ing = L/2.

o0M,rk!)

a DiscBs the ledures of d heli@l eiema Give the oNtnction debils ol

b. \Wd ffi ps"bolic re necro_sl $/tere lhese lemse 6ed'c Draw the connrucdon details ofe cnb.ddcd lem.

a. DiscN lhe diflorent fonns ofndio wve !rcpagalion.b. Dqive e expE$ion for *ave iilt or suface wave.

a. ExplaiD difeEnt layen of ionospheE in detail.b. D€6De the folloNing sith respet 10 mve prcpagation :

i) CdiicallequcDcy i ii)MUl; iii) Vniul heisht ; iv)

USN ML62

Sixth seEester B.E. Degrec Er.DinatioD' JaneTJuly 08VLSI Deslgn

Time: 3 hrs' Md Mrks:looNote. ANB.i ant FIYElull quanon!

a, Explain tne wolution ofnicr&lectm.ics in ln. contexr olMoore s l-aw (0s nY.*,b. Bingodfie diffeEne betBeen bipolorand CMOS technolosies. (o5M,k)c. Oblain ihe expressio. aor drain cured (ld, for NMos ennancene.t mode dcvice i!

i) TneNon satumtcnii) salurared Esion

lndicale rh. rceio. on rhe drain chaacreristics oiNMos deplerion node device 1,0ihrk,2 a. Expl,in lhe dpects of MOS lr.nsislor rhreshold vohage (V, with equations. How

body-ffeci alreh the theshold voltlse ed indicak llpioal filaEs ol Vr torNMOS/PMOS enhanceme.r xnd depleion r}Ie MOS devices.

b. Wnh the cncuit, lrosfer cheaclerislics and graph oi curent vA input lolage. exptain theoperslion ofcMos invener oper ion in diferenr regions ofoperation \rith equation fbroulpur voh.Be. whar h rhe cffcd olll/ll Etio oh the rasaer chdaderislics? 02 Mr*t

I a. Explain NMOS deslsn stlle a.d CMOS design sryle eking an ermpte ofNAND Car.Lvitl th@ inFurs s irh its stic( diagraD. (0 Mrrk)

Lambds baseddesisnruleslori) Minifrum sia of deplelion modePMOS tansistoril) Metall to polrsil icon .on racliii) Viacontul lmm metal I r. h.r,l7iv) Melal 2 to diJtusion(vio andcut)

d a. Disclssdre sisn incance of sh eei ftsistan.e (Rr):de capaciiu\ei\r!,rdraal

ql ol' .l- p.zfai'dce'odLl or 2- p j '. 'o

re dr \e1 6tr , VOs ' \e'

lechnolos/. Oblain the srir.able rangemeni of inyener and hence compuE lne overall

'leloJ of Lh." ivera na"enenr*hm r pr''. UA V.n Uv\rn.

a what aE dre advanlaEes oi scali.g in VLSI technolo$? €apiain diferent scalins modcls$iih scalins factou. @? M.rL)

b Explain ihe limilation of scaling on i) Miniaturiation ii) I.ierconnect od conB.tresishce. Oe Msk)

c. Fi.d prcpogalion delay dfcdcaded pas lrdskroN. (0{M,b)a. To design a digital slsLm in MOS t*h.olo8y exptain sqirch tdsio bsed on ,.pds

transislor ed ttushission gates". cive the sunch losic a@genenls.b. D6isn i) Peiry gmeraror ii) 4:l MUX 6 an ehple ofstructured desisn using NMOS

c. Explain Drranic CMOS logic fo.3 inputNAND eate O1M.tu)a. wld is DFT? Expi.in how tesring of combinat,onal Iosic cieuils is done with snecxmplcs. 0o Mlb)b, Explai. to{ optidizltio. ofCMOS ed NMOS invener is done.

t. Podtrdion .fe - he,m mr\kb. klch - up in CMOS ciEuils ed Medy for itc. BICMOS inlerter (Imprcved vosima)d. BIST @uilt in elfled)

06EC64

Sixth SemesferB.E. DegreeExsminrtion, De.09-JrD.l0Antennas and Propagation

!

!Fc

EE

:?E!

3i,9i

:!E9

;e

86

EE

;€E!..8

b. Explain the folowins term *ith iespecl to otEtra li) Field zon$ ii) Efiedn€ hoiCn.

t\o@: t,4nrw*a. r .t tvE lutt ,t,*,i."', ,"t*,in<R -

.

- dt tean rwo ck'tions lton 1a.h porl /*S/

2. Assume anr missinp data suitabtr. li9i .-at- i"/rYlli("eL";PARr-A \\ii\";**"' , i

Defin'he'eme,tua,p.r'ue De,,verheeq,anon.o,dtre.r,.,q,iX&lrifiper trc

poinl souccs sFced l"€phase. Also jlnd HPBN

c. A losle$,esonat i.,/2 dipole mtema havDs irput inledmce of73 O n to be comededto a transnision line having cheact$istic inpedee of 50 O. Thc patern of the dtdma ngi!"n by u = uosdo. Find the olerall gain of tlc miema (06 Mrls)

lor r./2 dipole antema dedle & exDression for efeclie apertm ed oblain

State &d explsin poBer theoren ed its aFplicario. lo point sources.For a sou@ having Bdiation intensil, u - ui SinO Sin':'i, ,nd 6e dnecnvit by.)'\, TerTd iu Approvn"ere lod.

a Prove thal lhe widrh ol ruin lole of uifom erd-fire amr is bi.ader 16- that for r nnirom

b Explain the pnnciple oflatem oulriplication.c Obtain dr field patm for a lined mlfoe eay of 6 isoaopic

dnEnce ap!n. 'l.hc Fower is llplied wilh equal ahplitude and in

a. Derive fa field equalio.s f.ra thin lircacenterfed utema ofLergr! L (0sMrrrr)b A rbin liner dipole mteM is 1/12 lo.g sd i$ loss resistance is 1.2 O lind tbe radiarion

resisl&c. ed efficiencr. (0a Mrrk)c. w.it€ notes o! i) Rhootic elema ii) Ioldeddipole &temE. (03 rlrrrk)

PART - B

Considering gendal cdc deiive the fa field equlions foi loop drtua. (0e Mrks)Explah Babinet s pincipl€ wilh illuslration. @ Mrk)Derivc tne equadon for inpedece ol ! not antema in le@ of lhe ihped&ce of rhecompleneDtaiy dipole dlema (08 M*k)

06EC64

a. Explain the followirg desigl pddetes ofa helical ot€ma :

b. Erplain id detail the los'peiiodic dipolc may.c. Write mtcs on i) Anlenn s lor Arcud penctalins iad& I ii) UltB

An mlenna located al the surface of the eanh is used to recciv€ th€ signals i,asmnkd byeoiher Mtenna locsled al a heidt of 80 nt fron l,te spnencal suilace ol the eafth (me&radis = 6370 kmts). Calculate the optical dd Bdio horizon ifdN/dh =,19 / knl. (06 Mris)In lropoaheric plopagalion, show thal radius of cun aluE of path is a tuncriotr of rhe ate oIchase ol diele.tic constdt with heisht ed explain the ducl prcpaEation of wave.

(03 Mrrk!)

For ionospheic lay€s, denve the expEssion for condudivily d relative peminiviry s a

a A lEe space line ofsighl nicmwave link opealing ar I0 cH2 consists ofa llesmit and areceire mlema each having a gain ol25 dB. The distance be$€en the tso eiennd is30 kml &d the power 6diar61 by rhe tdnsmit anlenna is I 0 w. Calculare the pa& lo$ otrhe libl md rhe received no*rr

tunction oleleclron densiry d ansllar lrequency.

i) Cnical frequency l"

I" Maimum u$ble liequetu ) rqO6tain the Elation for stip distan@ in lems of f" ed fNUr.Ionospheric wale is refleded fton E layer with linul hciCnr t 00 knl ad iromvirlual heiehl 100 lmt. Detcmine $e single loop dGhnce for each Iayer.

) ol2

^'fTf,rfml-Tl 05EC6s

Sinb SemesterB.E. Degee Examin.tion, M.y[une 2010lnfo.mation Theory and Coding

g3

1EalEE

gs

;t

'E!;

'.1

PART - Aa A binsry source is enihing independenl sequcnce ot 0\ and I t ,irh rhe pob.biliiies P and

(1 -P) respecriveu. Plor thc cnrrcry of thc solrce voN6 prcbabiliq t0 < P < ll wrn.lh.con.lu on. (0,1Mrb)

b. In a lacsimile t snission of pictore rh*e aE ,boul 1.25 r tl]6 pixeh per frahe For a goodreprcdudion. I 5 brisihes levek are necssary. Asume all rhese leveh ds .quolly liksly 10 occDr.Find the rarc ot infometion tansDission ilone pictue h lo be tasmited ryer] 3 minutes,

.. The *ale diaeram of rhe Mnk ofi so!,ce is as shown in ihe Fis.Q I (c). P(slale i) -

Notet )neo anr FIVE full questions, plecti,sat bae rVO questionsfro eachpo.

ii)the topy ofsource H, iii) Gr,G:dd

l3

vt

Yz

Whal de dE impona propen ies df c o des wh ile .ncoding o souEe? (0s Mnb)A source en irs an i', depend.ni s.q mnce of sym bo k liom a alphah€t cotuisring ol nls sy,n bo Ls A,B, c. D and E *i!h proba6iliries of l. 1, 1, 1 aid a Bp*tircly. Find rhe shadon codc ror

(PG)4)(nty. t)

.ach slnbo I md emciency ,.d rt dunddcy o f {he cod ii 3 sche me (06

Io, a channel 'hose

marix is siven bElow ro, which ?(xr)=+, P(x,)=P(xr)= ,i -a

r De\ip i quriemb d binm ,onecode fo' rhe sotrTe shoq. rrnClrr

s = {s,, $, s,, s. sr, s., s,, "

= {* ; ; + + ;.,:} : x = {0, 1,,, ri -dX = 10, 11 . Fird lhe codinr efficiency. (lzM'rkl)

b. For a bLEry er$ure ohmel shom in Fis,Ql(b), find lte followinc:i) Av.Bse mutual i.romationii) Chmel capeiqni) Values ofP(x') and P(x, fn mdifrum mulual inlomation

rQb'"i':u

,: .,

(ffir, = Ioooo^ec, nnd H(x), H()), H(i) , Irt*, ,1. ,ro ,l

",0 ,0"

""0""i ,n,r 0r olcf2l= 0., o.a o.r' - o o, oB]

F,C65

07/ Jan.08Sixth Setuester B.E. Desree Examination, Dec.Antennas altd Propagalion

N ore, .lnsvet a"! FI|/E lul questions.

D."'. 1. ' \ 'nJl7 lld pr'-r Ba ' ^f.reo!r.

Direciliq. ],deftn e heighr of an anre.na.\rii1. hrpr'i.rc\.n - ,\ ain, Iiel.l 7.nps

a D.n\e 6e erprcssion lor roral field. ,i .ase of hrcanrplitude and opposite phase. Plot the rclative field

isotrcpic poini souces \vilh samepaltern when thesc No isolropic

rind 1he directiviq Jnr lhe source Lilhsine squared (Douehnur) p.NerlllLEtrate lhe pilciple of patteDr multiplicarion uilhsui(abLc exanple

Dftivc rhc cxlrcssion for Arar Indor.lequalmpliludc ud spacingDerive $e erpe$ion lbi radialion

in.asc ol li..ar anay oi'n'

ssismn.e ol sbor dipole

Derive rhe expEsion for instant!treous eleclic field and magneic neldar.l&ge dttancc'i toma loopmlenna olridius;a. osM,rktCompare the titr lields olsmall loop and a shon dipole. (0s Mxrb)

a. Gire $e bielaccounl ofdesien.onsideElions olLog pcriodicAray O0Msrt5)b Shle a.d explaln Runsey slrinciple (05 Msrk,c _Heli.al tutennar are iodispensable i.r sp&e conmu.ication lpplicurionl .hniry &e

stalenenrinbiet (0s Marks)

a Dcscribethc im ponanr lc aturcs of Pyram id al HornAnlennab. Write notes on i) Adaptile [ase stalion anle ras ot reirisftial

a. Discu* fie s,lienr ti atu.ds o I gro und sale propagarionb. Disti.gunh bro\een E lalerand Spordic E lal,er olnrDosphcrec. $rhai are rh. effccts of .fih s masnclic neld on propasalion olrddio

a. Explain lhc foll.ring tems in c.nncdionvnh skr $a!e tansml$ionIhe faclor.D *hich lher depend i) MannuD 0sable frequenq ii)

b Dhrinsuish bod\ren vinual hcishr and Actual hcishs ol eiodzed laler.

I

r.2

5=

EY

a-!

:.

;

6

Sixth SemesterB.E. Degree Examination, Decembe. Z0i0lnformation Theory and Coding

i) Calcul ate the eftrop y of the soLyceii) Cs lculare Ure entopy oa rle secohd ord er cxte. si on of rhe s o urce.

d. For ihe se& diagram ofthe Mekov source ofrhe !is. Ql(d), findil Siate probabililies ii) Enlropy ol each sar iii)Enhoryofrhcsouce.

05Fic65

Max- Marks:100Notet Akswer an! FIVE rutt quesrio s,

sete.tiae ut least TWO qaestions lrotu eoch pa .

PART-ADefine : i) ,\noDd ot inlbmation ii) Alerase source iDlonnalion Ete. (0jrhrNDerivc an e\Fressio. lor averase intumadon .omenl ot symbols in to.g tndependentsequences iol itturb)A dhcele nemory less sourcccotuains some alrhabel

S = lS. Sr. Sr. Srr u hP=l l

a Derie 1tr€ *pEsion fd code efficiency dd code edundancyb. Erplain $e steps in rhe Shmon,s eicoding algotuhn fo. g;eding

Shamon s eocoding algo hm andin llbh Q2(c), ard obtaincodeefi.ie

I/3 ll/16 l/3

a. What h a discde comunicarion chmet? ilustrate rbe model ot

b. A discrete nedoryless source hN e alphaber of scleoourpurade(ribed in Eble Q r(bl Frndi) Shmnotr Fano code for &is souice iitcodi

so sl sr sl s4 s6111 I/3 ,8 t/t6

A 2@ menory souce is wilhS= {s,, s?, s:, s+s5. 56} md P= {0.,1,Con ruct d binr4 HuFiin odr by ptachederemihe lhe vriance o{rhe uord ie0sn!

(01M,ik)with lrobabilities tur hs

0.2, 0.t, 0.1, 0,1, 0.05, 0.05)lhe cohposne slmbol d high as possible md

(03 M'rbl

Fie QlLd)

V='i;"',,,.",

06EC65

Denre Butual infomation d explai. its properties. (MMrrk)For a chmel, the mahx is siv€n as

P \ 'xr o.: o.o o ? ro6M'k'

",, .,,, '4lind l(X r Y) od cnmel clpacily, eiven dE input srtbol occu wi6 equal Probabihv'

Stare ed explain Shenon - Eartley las, (06 Mi.k!)ror e AVGN ch@el vnh 4 (Hz bmd{i h ad nohe power spedEl

oetriD ]o'o t! h/. Lhe "iCD' pover reql rcd a' tbe re.1J.'' 0.1 mu'r'cJate tle

capacity;frhis ohanel. or Mrrk)

IUulBle the lollo$irg lems Nd in enor contol coding wilh example

i) Block leiBh ii) Code Ete iii) Hmming weighl iv) HmineP-o\e rhar Cllr lu -0 ora.).rem-.clredblocl'(od"For a sy$natic (6. l) liree block code_r o o I o

l0 0l I I 0l .1... I

,' lilddl he\ooe ve,ro6 .lli.r D-ak ercoder c.rcur b-'leabo.e.ooe \ .' /iii) Find minimm HaDning mighl. '\...

- :):/Fo! s (7, 1) bindy cyclic code the eenehlor poiynomial is givo by

C(x ) = I + x + xr lind rhe generaior and padty check natrices.ln a (15.5)cyclic code rhe AennJior polynornial 6 ci!en by

-u, -- I , r \' D \ 'he

ololl J.,Ciar oi ai e

For the convolulion encoder shoM in Fie. Q7G). tlre inlomalion s!_ind tne orrpul sequence using tihe donain approach.

b. For lhe conlolution encoder shom in FiC, Q7(b). dmw L\ci) Srarc rabh ii) Srale lraNilion lable iii) staie diac@ iv) The cotr*pondingv) Usins tne code n€e find rhe encoded sequence for the hessage (l0l I 1).

a. Shoftened cyclic codeb. Bu6t €Eor orecling codcs

{l R€ed Sol.m$ codes

) of7

!is.Q7(b)

USN06EC65

equal prcbabilities al a late ol 100/ec. Due 1o

@rect r€ception oI the vdious synbols @ 4

(07 Mrl'J)so@e alphaber G = 0, l),

(r0 Mrk)

f'': )4")

Sixth Semeter B.E. Des.ee Examinatior, Jutre-July 2009

1 a. lind M expression lo!

lnformation Theory and CodlngMd Mtrks:100

Note.l. Anse.r an, FIW full q@stiots, sele.tin€dt leae rWO qtestioas lrom eoch pdi.

2. MitsibA daro Mr be s$itobly Nsutud

average infomation cont€nt of srBbols in long independent(03 Merkj

b. A souce produces qtbols A, B, C wilnnoise on lhe chmel, lie probabilities ofshoM io ra6le O1 O).

P(i/i) R

I % 0

)4 v v,c x xTable Ql (b)

Deremine the mte at which irfomalion is beins kdsmilted.For the second order Metov souce Figue Ql G) with binaiyfud: i) Stale probabililies ii) Enfiopy of cach slate. iii)iv) Show that G, > G, > I'IG)

't!-!'

Iig. Ql (c) ris Q2 (t)a Explain rhe sreps in the Shmotr s Encoding algorirhrn for saeratirE binary code.@1 M,rk)b. Usinc Shenon\ encoding alsorilhm fmd the binary code for symbols of le.Et I dd 2 (i.e.

N - l&2) g€n€rBted by lhe infomtion souce given in ngue Q2 (b). Also conpute lheavense nunber ofbit synboled elflciency oIlhe.odes for bofi caes.

c. lor the entopy of a zero mdory source. pmve lne exfehal propeny.

a. A non srmetJic binary chmel shoM in fiCrre Ql (a) nas a symbol mte of 1000

i) Find H(yi, H(Y), Hc(, Y), H(xA), E(Y,O, Itx\). Tare P(x=o)=+, P(X=1)=1,

o=0.75,0 = 0.9.ii) Fibd the capacity ofchmnel for c6e (i)iiil Fiod the caD&ity of the binory symeElc chMel who d=p=0,75.

!is. Q3 (a)

I/hal is bin{y @Ee chmel? Obtain e expEsion for lhe ch@el

Slale ed explain Shmon Eartley lae od dcnve o expression for

A Ga6sim cndrel h6 a bedsidrh of4 kEz and a tw sided nohe

..10 '*!c uz srgrulNscr a' rtc rcf \er ha ro op mairL rd;ual ro o.l milli Mn. Cahuhe rhe capaciiy or the chmel.

PART - BDesisn a lind block codc wltb a mi.imm distance of ttuee md a nessaBe

In a lined block mde rhe srrdrome G Eiven by l

') I rnemro' nqui\ '(J1 : r)Petrchec{n,h\lHliii\ wnktr.oderdd decoder, 'rL.r. iv' I'nd.heode qoro roraitrhe me.s"geqv) How ndy errc^ it @ detecl ed corect : yi) Write rhe steded amynt Frno lte"yrhne to.lne relenedd,.a.Otr()t' Zi=-). o1rturk)2.,-{ii:'.lno 15.5'cv.l-..o,le!h9s !-a.o.po eo^ia,g,..0 u1 1Z--(,e(xl lx x-r".r "'r.' '/ ---ir \;i; 1'';';r:;:-.;";r;;n* *'*' u^""" 1 _"",Yii, u nre Lhe bto. ( dia*-m ot encoder rd dMder. il (!{'.:r{ I,., Find uF code$ord iJ, rhe re.see rolot \r'' ,/:,)I! a (7.4) binary cycric code tnc sencrator poiyronial is eiven 6N&1=i l,

" *.. ri,a 0,"

iii) Ifrhe Eceilcd data is tO0l)I(]t0ll]l]0o01 h n a vald;\d;ikiL-," N]t[J

codcwod for mssages (1001) ed 0 Ot I ). S[ow the conrents ot,esisters al each nep.('0M{l(5)

06EC65

lbe code*ord for ihe input

iii) Usinc seeBror mar.ir.ll0 Mfk)

ror Lr'e (3, 2, l) convonnion eico'ld shom i, Fis.?(a). rindsequ*ce u: [101l0], Bins.r Tmedorai' anfl @cn. .i. T d,ter ooar- dprloach,

-_5

b. Fis.7G)Io. dre convolulion 6codq shom in Fig.7(b)i) tind rhe mde nre @d comtrainl lengdii) wdte tlce, sr"!e asd rrellis diag.an.

c. Bu6t emr corecti,C codN

USN 06EC65

Sixth Sem6ler BE Degre€ Eximinatiotr, Dec.09-Ja..l0Inforrnation Theory and Coding

e

si

P+

e:

:;

,53

;egdi5

EF:>

8

PARA _ AI e A sore comhts ofsix sFbols wirh probabililies as giv@ below:S= {Sr, S,, Sr,Sa, Sj, 56),=h -L 11r ll,L3rr, l

Obtain Huftn& i) Binary ;md re&ndacy in emh .*.

b. \hioh of dre fouolvins sets

Noie. 1. Ans-.r an! FIyEJutl q!6tio$,Md. Mdks:100

sA.dihA at le6t rWO qu8nons ron wh p"d

ii) Tdiary ed iii) Quarenrary coding. Find rhe etficiency

or wod hn$hs e &ceprnbre ro. '* .,,*j::i'i*Nqm6tr ofwo,ns or*ord Ludr n

,. Erpur rr* propenie, ori'topj r-:-oo-ir- i$re_(10 MTk,b Desig! a system to ieport the heldins of a coueclion of 4OO cds. The hadino l:*k .-

hddms .uaisht rs,. mirg teR {1, dd Minc isrl (Rl. rns i,Johi..;n is ro bebr.mnedele.y.e.ord Con"n-r,modetbdeonrh....Llu, g,.nUao".i) On th€ &6ge dui.g a sived rporting i,ierval, 200 cds v;!e headins straignt, tOOs!re rmins LA &d remainins were tudina ;Att.ii) out of 200 c&s thar rcponed headine str;sl! 1oo of tnem Eponed soinA sraiglt9ll:l:9 fe , q' repopnc mrcd. 50 or $pn tumine ien tud ..i,,i."g ,*i.g ;!roung he nexr pffod

.r., Ouolllocmh,r remrpda h1s duing " " gnalDs lenoo. <0of il-mo.bkd lntr hn &d Ema, .ns ncads :kaign du ng de Dexr Fooni0s!e, od.\) i,redyr@i$of Ure6sd.d norJto\ rh ro chsg- he I he"djs Fon t;S b as\r

or nght to lcttdaing subsequsr rep.nins penods.I) rind rhe enhp) orqc\ s,aG: t,, tnd Ue mrrop).or $e iynem: I l,,nd lhe jr,e o{umai".ion (roerL,

a with sil,ble exddc cyplain the p@pediesofcod.b SlaleMd erplain ljan rnequrjD. i-or dechdelmer snoxr .n tabt"l,c..FindHraj d.8,. p,A!.. H!A/Br.(48)

f,,

06EC65

lxplain nutual infonation. Find an expression for rutual infomarion in lem ofjoi.tprobabiliry. probdbiliios ofinpuL dd oulpnr slnboh. {0s Mark)Show thar nur@l inlomaiion is ,lways tosilive. (0s M,rb)Stale dd sovc Shannon Hdley law Derive a expressior for ile upFs llmil .n clmoelcapaciiy 4 band*idth lends to 6. (oB Marks)lwo indeF€ndenr Endon yeiables x ad y have densily tunctions f(x) ad f(y) as sholn i.

ris. Q4 (b)i) Find rhc edtopl.feach sienal ed the joint enlropyii) Ir thc sign,ls de olerhpped nid (x, y) dd fie joint enrrcpy. (0rM.rk)

c Tie ourput of r DMs consist of leres x, x:. {r silh prcblbiliries 0.45, 015. 020

i) Compute the Huffmo code for this soureii) ll pans of leter de encoded, compute

a. De]ilE cyclic code. Dxplain hls clclic codes ee

and also lDd codc cancicncy and lanoce.the HufmM .ode, c.de elficiency ard

(03Mirk)PART B

Explain thc need md mcding ol cNr conrol coding.ror J lirea. b ocl .oJ prl oe' e.dor rqh\ u dd Ddn \ . r.{GII =0 i {{ami'i. T.nni

c For asystenaric (6,3) tined block code rheFtuity narix. Jpl=

i) Iind al I Fosi ble cods recto$.ii) Find $e minimud weighr ofthe odeiii) Iind fie pdity check matix.i!) Ior a recciv.d ode redor R = I I I I 0 I

occuted du€ to nois. (l0Merk!)

seb$ated liom the gcneraring

ft lnrrk)b. Theseneralorpollnomiallora(7.4)biietcrliccodek g(x)=t+a+xr

i) Find lhc code vstor in strstemalic rod ror a messase vccroi I I 0 O.ii) Design an.ncoder lbr the above a.d veily ils operarion for nressaee reclor I

Consider a (3, 1,2) convollrional code wifi slr= I tl). ge) = tot. go = lDraw rhe encodcr block diallmFind the senerator nratrirFi.d the codc wordcorespondlng ro rhe inromarion scquence (t I I l] r]) usine rime donainand tansfom donain apploach.

e. DraN the stale diaErmt Drdw rhe code trce and rnd encodq onrpur lbr m.$age sequencc (t I to0)

a. RS codes. b. Oolay codes. c. Slbnetred clclic codes. d. Buisr eftor conectins codcs.(20lrsrk)

+,)

6flft,$t.'

rc6l

Sixth Semester B.E. Degree Examlnatiotr! June /lnformation Theory and Codlng

Nore : 1. lnseo an! FllE fult queslions.2. Asstme the missins data

Explain rhe conept ol Inlomalio., Arcra8e inlomalion, hfoinarion Ble and .edundancyasreaededlo the inlomalionrmnsnission. (03 MsrktA source emits one ollhe four prcbable messages xr. x,, xr, & with pobabilities of.l,.-d]'+De.,tre'rlndlLcenkoD\ollt"o,r..lJscond exrension ofthis source. Hence sho* uG1- 2 HG) (us Ma*,A binsry soure h emining 6 independent sequence oi 0's and I's * ith the prcbabililics pand ( I -P) respecrive ly. Ploi lhe cntBpy of the source. 101 Mstu)

a. Fo! rhe Markov source dodel shoM in ng 2(a) compute HG) and vqil] thatGj>C,>cr> H(s) 0, irrrk)

July 08

"+

H0).

a. Comrule rhe chonnel caprity olaBinaa symnelic chsnnel

an indepe.dent squenc oi synbols lron an alphabet consistins of filec. D, E wftn probabilires i,*,*, * *o *" respetively. rind ihe

code fo. each oflhe slnbol &d efficienc} of the coding schemc usingcodingtheorcm. (03 Marn,

Ior rhe JPM sivcn below, codpule individually H(x).I(x, )). Verily lhe relationship anons these ertrcpies.

[oo5 o ozo oo5l

".,,.,".""1Plr \,=

Lo05 o05 o oro]Sbow dEl H(x,y) = H(y) +H(rr.Erplaid Rate ol infomation uaninnsion over a discreieror rhe chancl & = l rl(x) u(ry)l' bits/sec.

b. T*ohNo channels arc cascaded who* ohamel malrices are

r, , , t', ,, "l."''; i: i: '( [;"1]wilh P(x') = P(xr) = 0.5. Sho* thal I ({,y) > I (x,z).

1of2

)i

EC63

skte Shannon\ - Hartley law. Dcrive m expression for th€ upper tjmil on lhe chenelcspaoity 6 the Ba.dwidrh tends ro innniry. @6 r&s)A Gausian chaonel has a loMliz Bandwidth. ll(sr!) ario h 100, Elculale fie chainetcapacity .nd maximunr infomarion arc, (0., jkrB)An lnfo nation soure p.otluces a sequence olindependetu symbols h.ling the tdltosinE

c t) I icI t / v, %4rd Trin4 code usins llulEnm cncod ng

lyo\

iill/*^

llc is a valid mde ve.lor,

Whar h edor connol coding?conLrol codine and indicalo $er.ra(6, j) Iinear block *hose

[] llo o ln= n ' n , , nl

L00 r0 rli) Ildddllcode vecroN ii).ncodeL circuir tbr rhe s6.ve .

,+.-ri(':s$

r nd n i\l& $qg

here Hr js ndspose oI paiil,(0{ i!|l*s)

I blocks lhal accomplish ercr(06NLrk)

dinimum'ii$ance iii) D.!$o0lr.rk)

What is BinaNcycllc code? Desqibe rhcsoJcs usiig an (n,k) bil shift resisrer.Consider(15, I L)cycliccodesenersredbvi) Devicc . lcedback regnlerencodeL loril) IlluslEle theenc.dirc pocedure,vnh

sales oi rhe reshter(ho righr mosl bn

. r. der'\( (',, .,..o .n urior, oo. - i'0 iroDl.* resboun.e'r=rog':=lol,s"'= ll

i) Drawlhccn.oderblockdiasram.ii) l_ind lhe Ccnent .n,atkiii) rind the code vccror corcsponding ro rhe m.ssage sequence lllot

,lomain.pnro-h.b, Dieily explain the tnllowing i) c.latcode ii) BCH code

leatures of en..d.r,nn d.c.d.r

the me$agc vedor I l00l10101

USN EC6l

Sixth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, Dec. 07 /Jar.08lnformation Theory and Codihs

i) Tomoriox,rhe sun wjt I riso irom rhe Easrii) It rvill shoq in Btucalorc rhis \inlcr, iii, lnep,o'..rl'nltin"r. neno -hotrb i or\ner d di..ie.c r.To| tp.. .on1, . .no. orpl.. r..o t-i i ".ire -. . r.ecompdss ixo bind, sonrces iA. aid .8, whose ourtus arc equalty likoly to omu a.dc.,\.oun..lnkiburtr,s.,( bi . fpo\ ..kr .to ./o.or. e. rirxdr,e our.e L a,l

'ndcrcnJ. \vh! .. h.,rto,rd, n!one". o co.ho_,p.,,.., . ".o",.",,,.rr,,[.]c. considu a biney suEc which ro$s a fan coii rnd ou-ANs

" , I , ir

" l,*d d.";. ;;;'"'0'ifa lail appea$. Wnd js ihe info nn atjon co,tent ote&h outp.n ji.. rh";;;t N".;sulpose rhar llE- source is mchoryle$. what rhcn is rhe slf-inil^"r."

"r"" i-i;ir""r

2 r Deline a Mdkofl infonnarion source r\n in fornar n,n sonrce Lhar can Emaii in oncofryo$ares har follo\ing propen, :Ia it is in siarc-t durnrg a parli.utar synbol inrnal haring cnir.d ! synbol.A,.lhcn il..\r, lr,.!rr--..ord-Lkeorrng .-nlot I irr,e.o,tor,,g .. , i,"_ ..',,,t.obdb.t.r/.io .o' rhe o t-- tdd..ti,F 1rtr ..ud.6ror np.rdi. , , nh.in'. . I.b. n. ir5 d .)abo..B.,..,,he prcbJbtr, .r ;ii,';',; ie'.,:. :,;;d,.1nj,h ,ro\rs r6^ n,c1ctD. pni,i-s,,r. oo, e -n_ lr.ooo,r,_rin,1"'cre-l 1. L" besirlrnj or ".J no,l -1i, ..i,. - tre, ,. h"

. j1 , ,e e,..1d ..d,e rj rhe bc".r nint or I . .rj.oo .0.e1,t.Irtusrrare rhc dboye informarion soure in a sraph lor;\nh;.", "".;;;i; ;;,;;ib DNig. a su€ m6dd uins shannon.s encodinr dsornhm .,

". ,,i-*,fJ [',]f]

sivcn bclotr for N =:l

1 a rlow is infomation contenr ot aofrhe follo\ ngrc$aEes :

Notc: Aat*cto ! FrvEfult tt e ioas.

Ee$ase measued? Conneni on tire i,Iomalion c.nrcnr

Y, ).

whichlaroa, pEcrical conmMnadon system n cha.a.leized as a dala communilationchannell \\hal rype .fchemet is thc abo;et ri]NrErc lhc abovc .r."."r t1" *r..,,,"i"i\\ hal is a Li.a' synnEd. ctDnnel? Deler,in. rhe raic of jnfo-.,,"" ,"",.,llirfH:l

l:,,1 :;., .. .,.rc l,obib, ) o Fro. .p. jo.,rr r.dcp.rdlr.r a or. 7 Leetk (c.,,.ed h\ ,,c no, . i, rF.h. nc.

06EC662

Sixth Semesier B.E. D€gree Ex.dination, December 2010satellite Communication

'llotet Atsweran! FIVElu q uestio"s, . hoosingdl teal r|'o qq4tionsftuh each Pad.

PART _ Ar a. WIat elhe ftequency bdds allocltedlo vaious sareUne seflices?

b s..Le d exp n h'lep'e .la\sotprdeL^ To o .

c. Definelhe tems: i) ?tugrad€ orbil ii) Apogee

g2

:!!g

',E!!

aeEE

9;s3,.E?i5:

Fis. Q3 (b)c Explain coibined uplint and do*nlinl CN ralio.

a lxplain r i) l})e poNei supply subsystem ii) the themalb with the help ora.eaidiaCram, explainlbeopeBtionofa

Blong silh irs ransler characterisrics

PART - Ba. Explain the teceileonly honcTVsyslem.b Explain a MATV syslem, snh a near diasram

a. An F!,rTv cdder is specilied as liaving a oodulation index of 2.i71 and a ropfrequency of 4 2 MHz. Calculale thd pmteclion ratio rquired to sive a qualityfrcror of (i) 42and (ii) a.s.

a. Explain $e lolloslngr i) Tmsponder capacily ii) Frequencies andb. Explain in delail the saEline mobile sicei

A. NTELSAI.

f"r>-] +;.l__s!L_J*"i-.L..;L_'14,-)*L'rFrr

2 a Deremine the nle of rcsression of 1be nodes md the rale of rotalion ol lhe line oa apsides

tbr a sar€llire mkins 14.23304826 revolulions / day. The semimjor a\is of th€ orbil is

7r92.1kn, orbir eccenliicily is 0 00ll50l mdlhe inclination is 98 6128 deg. (03 Mark)b ErF lain eanh dl ipse o f sarel li1e. (06 Mrrk-5)

c. Difleenriate sideal da) od sol da). (0,r ntrrk,d Erplai. snn rrdsn ouage. (0, Mrk,

Explain atuosEhenc lo$es md ionospheric losses forsatelliles.The noise fisue for the slstem shoM in fiC. Ql 0) n 12 dR, the eble lo$ h t dB,1heLNA Cai. is 50 dB d i$ nois. tcmp.rature is 150 K Thc mlema nohe leoperalue $35 K. CalcDIarc lhe noise temnerature eaecd to the inpur

b. Explain posiblc i.ierference nodes

c. Explain spade systea.

(07Mark)

conliol subsystem. (03 M,rB)power mplifier of a ftnspondcr

0lMrk)

betRee D satcl I ite ciruils atd a rercslrial sl ation(07 Mrrl's)(07 M,ik)

USN o6EC552

Sixth Sem$ter B.E. Degr€e Examination, Maydutre 2010Satellite communication

Notet A,swer ary FIyEfull qa6ion' el..ii"got leas, ?WO questions fiotu .och Fan

chmelusinc QPSK, aliowilE a roll-

.!

-:,

?!

:".!iEi

=ali E:

i.:=,i

ae

ee

iit.!e

2

a

PART Aa. Explain briefly lhe vdious services providcd by a saiellite, (o5M$ll5)b. Srale Kepler's thpe Iaws of plderaiy notio.. wirh the help of a real diag6 and cive

nece$ary equtioG. (03 Mrrk)c. De6ne (.!1erid elenenill ser (06Mrk)

a. AD eartl slalion is localed al lalihrde 30o S dd lonsitude 65' E. Calculale the dlem loot&gles lor the satel lite al 1 5 60 E. (03 M, rkt)

b. Briefly explain the lauching orbits lor a geosrarion&y salellite. (06 Mark)c. A qriseo salelne is in a cncule equtorial orbit, close to ihe geoslnchrnos atdtude. iis

orbitll peiod is enctly 24 bous, one sold day. Calculale:i) The ndius orthe orbitii) Tle nte ol dnn aound the equato. of the subsaE,lile loinr in degree/sohr day. An

obse(e. on the earrh sees rhat fie satellite is dnning acrcss 1he sky.in) h lhe salelhe novins loweds rhe eal or toM.ds rhe *€sl?

a. What is nea by salellite alritude? Brielly descnbe lhree axh nelhod of satellitestabilizorion. (07 Mrk,

b. Widllhe help ofancal diagram. explainnc od M subsyslen. (o7ri,rk)c. Whar is neel 6y arequency Guse? Bnefly describc ln. woikine oi a lvidc bmd rcccivei.

(06 M,rkt)

P-ART - Ba. Wiin a ncal block dlagran. explain rbe outdoor md indoor mn for analog FNrTv.0, M k)b. Explain the spade syslem. wilh a n€ar diagiam, (08 Mrk)a. Wirh a bear diagran, expilin frame ud bust lomals for a TDNIA systen. (07 M kr)b. Explain the lvo&ing of cMier Ecovery circuit wnh single tued oiruii havins A!C.

- rmM.rk)r D mine il Mh. p-obdbli') Ior $e \,.de, \ 4. f .. P l0'

ii) FalsedeleclionforlhcvaluesN=40,8=5, (06 M!rk)

For $iellire ttusnission E/ = 22". &o = 15 mn/h, ho =600 n, hi= 1500 tu. Cahdare Binan.nurion for venical poldizulion ar an opeotins fiequency ot 14 GHz. (aa = 0.0335,b"= 1.128) (07 M'rk)ExplEin the diffeErt rrmsnission losses in a satellite lint. {07 M!ds)Denne stuEtion Au density. Obtlin the equation f.r saturalion EIRI for upli.k 106 M.rks)

a. Calculare rne hn 61€ thlt can be caricd i. thc 3(i MHz

b. Erplain the ve.y snall apenue rcminal system,c Ctre lhe apo ica"ors ol cdd- sd' I \pla'r a daq ro dLJ

a. Explain lhe elobrl posilionine systed. in detdl.b. Wnle shorr noes on : i) syslem .oise tenperatre

E,ISDz-x

EC63

a. Whar is a discrete nenorryless source? Evalde rne cniropy ora binary nenorrlessource ed cofrnent on lhe variarion of the entropy as a fUcrion oI lhe syobolpnbabilil, (06 M,ik)

b. Wnat do ,ou hea by "data conpaction" as ued io sis.al procesin8 ed wnal is lheoubom e of lhe above oporation? Or v, rkt

c. Considtr a DMS *irh fiee sJmbols xi, i = l. 2, I and their especive probabililies Pr =0.5. P, = 0.3 sd Pr = 0.2 Encode the souoe sytobols uins the Hufdan encodingaleori$n and compute the erLciency of lhe code sugsested. Now sroup loee$er thesymboh. iwo al a line, ed aeain apply ihe Ilutrman encodi.g aleoithm lo find the codervods. ConDure lhe emciency of this code. Eow cu the coding eflicGrcy be injrcred?

a Considera binary slmmetrjc channel as shor. in the Fie 5(a). Lel ihe input symbols be

i) If the nutual inlom.lion lellveei xr ind y (i = i =0,l) is defied as '

'tf)ig5

P}

)5(

0

(1.

F

,i'**r+rX

*',,"'[*u] ffiDdemine I(0r()) and l(1:O).

ii) Supposc lhe chmel is M ideal one, N{@@?1(0j0) md shat do you concludelion lhe resulr obtained? (r0M,rk)

Dennc $e lem diferentid entmpy of a continuous random variable 'X . if lheprobability densily luncdon ola Bndon lariable X is

..1! 0...,10. orhrniise

lind rhs dilier;nral enropy of'X'- Wh.l do you unde^ted fiom de nsDlt ohaincd asc onpded ro rhe enroly of a di screte Endom vanabl e? (06 Mr rk,wnle abnefn.tB on mutull infomalioD b.lNecn a pan ofcontinuous nndon vanables XandY, (o1Msrb

what is a block code? Tbe code 'C' h a block codc. WhcreC = 100000,10100, lll10.I1001) whal hrlE size ol the alphaber presented to the 6locken.6der and which are lhe uncoded bils of each alphabel? Suppose *e havc to lmsnnsequence of l s and 0t usin8 the above codi.g scheme, rvhar then is t e corespondingcode wrd ir the sequcnce lo be encodcd is 1001010011 ..? Comcnt on lhc bnEdundmcy. (06 Mrk)

) nl1

For a (?,4) li.e& block code lhe genemor natrn is siven by :

lr o o o r o IIl0 r 0 0 L I I

n 0 r 0 0 I 0lo 0 o r 0 I 0l

wrile fie Idry check matnx whal is the minimum dishce ror this code?

Shre md prole rhe following theoiems lalid fot a linear block code :

i) meoEn on rhc minimum dislmce ol a linear block code

ii) TheoEn on the numbq of enos which the code can corect and

.nors which crn bc dcleded.

EC63

shoM inrhe rig.8(a), explain lhe opeElionof l0l 10 {rakc thc bn most lit as the first bn

2' at;k veet4ar tleee

Wnie the sctcme of !n (n - kl slase shifl regisror cncoder. Ned lor an (n. k) bin,ry cvclic

code. $4al aE lhe steps iNolvcd in 1Ie encodins opeQtion md what at the hardware

Equifnents for implemenlinethe encodins schcme tunish.d'co;sidtr the (l5, 1 i) cyclic ;de gensated by, s(x) = I + x + xr.

i) Delice a FB rcgisteN encoder lor lhis code

ii) Illuslrate lhe encodinq piocedurc $ilh lhe message veclor t 1001 l0l 01 I bv lislin-!lhe dates of thc reghlo (Thc rishtrdost bil is lhe eelicst bn) (10 Mrrb)

An encodd. for a (3, l) conlolutional code hof lhe encoder for an inDut messase sequencc

Fis8(!)Whal is vilerbi alsoilhh? Iorm L - bil me$agehow d.s the algorilhm poceed? Con,nenl on

c. Write a briel nole on shofiened cyclic code

(03MiiB)arencoder ofncmory Mland disadvanuec of tle

(03M.rk,(0,1Msk,

05frc54USN

Sixth SemesterB.E. Degree Examiration, JuDe-July 2009

Antennas and ProPagationTime:3 hrs Md. Mrks:100

Not , A$wet ary FlvEIt qrcstioa, electingat least 1:WO questions Jroh ea.h part.

tr9n$N, DcfiT' i, F odioL'on inr.1 it.,po"iinM,i e,tcirra".l67- r-.h"M",L,l:11:l1IT:',:1'j::1..,1:""":il::i'"T:i,.,,"",",""",.,i:i.+.:li)^"""'c. Detedine lhe dnecfivity oi tije system if the Bdiation i.iensny i'll,*r /;.t

i) u=u",cosrB ii) u=u.sinl] sinrg. \Ya\- lillbM*k)i:'*7irla;".ru' o.''" - "*p-*'on,u, -.r.mh e-e!r \e AperL'( a" q.o'NSLr".;r io noh

iso ll1":' (loMtrb)b Derive a ielation rnar Elales tolal received power and totul iransmitted Power in lems of

ditcrivities. , (06 Mrrk)

' lr p'Fpouer-adiareo r d C'.ga'.olrhcanrennd.rhen,t,o"rnarr .'oPa ,orv*r.,

. D cnve an expEssion lor aroy ra.tor o a d atay of N i sobopic s ouice s. (03Mrrk)b A Liner mlema consists of 4 isorropic somes. The distan@ berween adjrenl denenN

.. , lhe mler ,s,|p'ed \vi I pqual nssnirLoes sd J phae drlL t'cc nr ObE'o rhe

!ABI=.4

6eld pa(em dd nnd HPBW.c' Explainlhe pinciple of palr.m nultiplication.

a Ddive the expEssiotr for the field codr.nenls of aelectic pote.tial and veclor magnedc pocnial. Aho

(03 Mr.kj)(0,1Merk,

shon dilole siarring with expe$ions oldelemine the fd 6eld conponents.

b. D.'ve, r.\fles.iol ro aoia'iorr-.r,r._, d.hor.d'pol"

D.iirc ihc cxprc$ions fo r lhe neB stre.srhs E{ and H6 in case of sn a U lo op. (10 M r!,Tne radius of a citllar loop antenna h 0.02L How nMy tums oI the Mre..a $ill givc aradiationEsistanceofl5o? (05M,rk)ExplaintbenecessiryoffldtueofwalhoIsavesuideitrcaseoIllomBnte.nas. (0s MrL,Desciibe ! Helici Anrcma. Explain ils l$o modes of opeEtion vilh ielevMr exPressions.

ltzitirks)rx pl ai n the opeGtion oa log-period ic anicnnas. (05 :{ dks)List |he hed$ ed denerirs oflens antenna. (03:\,tr](l)

Deivc an qprcssi.n aor sFace Mve field inlensily and slory that il vaies sinu$idally

lxplain Ducl propag ion.Find de maxidun nngc ol a liopospheric [aDsmission lor $hich lraNniltinE allemalEiehl is 100 ft and reccn ins anlenna heighl is soft. (0r Mrrk)

Explain ihe mechMisn .f Ionosphcnc propasarion. Also denve erpEssion for thereEacrive index otan Ionosphenc byer. G0 MrrktDhcuss the efiect of Eann's n agne ri c field ob Ionospneri c propagation. (06 Me rks)

A high fiequ.ncy radio linl has to b. esBblished bcl$een two points on lhe eaih 200 kna*ay. 'l!e rflccriotr recioD ofthe ionosphere is al , height ot 200 kn and has a cnlicallrequencyof6MHz.Calcul.telheMUFiorlhcCivcnpalhincasroalalcanh. (0{,Lrkl

EC6sUSN

Sixth Semester B.E. Degree Examinatior, Dec 08 / Jatr 09

Antennas and ProPagation

Nott I Answet a"r FlW fu questions.

Explain the lolLoling otenna tominologi* : i) AnreM field zones ii) Effeclive

heirhrD"i\e r dprc" 1on ror e re-ti.e,p.nl! dno or.Po.I iL) or, 1@ . .dioole

rjo yrrr.,

D.riveHealdT Irl\ transmission fomula (tom&)ArerfDr..JJ po.a'.. \.rcrG.lrC i.lepo'.'\ez ort ion'ndnhr\rdr.".";;,';;" . ,''" '" ' s','"r"'-". Ll o"ir'*r' o r'ro"' m'r rndlhealqale povcr per nr a%.or.F)eo ov'ne ra\eUsing po;; theo;n. nnd the directivitv roi $e source *itl unidneciional cosine sqL@

,ose pall€rn (05 Mrrk)

r Dc.ive m Anav - factor expresion ir cde ol lircar drav of'n' hotropic point sonrces ofe--rl dD'.too. dd spa.rrE.

h DEn.e s er s,o' o: io.. ',e'o rn ...e ot .qo i.oDoprc po.n' sour'e' {' h ame

ampLirude ar; oppositc ptase Plor lne rchlive neld palem whetr thesc rwo hoiropic

rues ae spaed ] apar. ('oMrrk)

a. Derive eleciric od magnetic fields ofa short dipolo. 0orl'rk)b. Derive rhc eyprcsio; aor insldaneous electric 6eld al a lalge distdce r' lrom s loop

rnrennaofhdius x ' (loMrrk)

i a. Cive the briefaccount ofdesign considerarions ofmononh uial node helical

h "Cassegrain leed is osed {ith paabolic:. Shre drd explain Rutusey sprinciple.

a. UwB Anleonas fot disiGl apllicalions

d. Anl.mas for cround Penetating Radd

!. whrt arc the laclos afiecting gr.udequation for ground wave prop.gation

b De ve &c expft$ion lor Elraclive index

c. Mdimun usable tequencY

/a or .'a-:\;.."-'--

.l .i,i _"" t I

,r:tj1.,. \:'. '-.,:.' "

wale Propaealio.? ExPlain the

{n{ba' lGrii the surment.

DC65

Skth Scm€ster B.E. Degree Examimtiotr, Jure/July 08

Antennas ard PropagatlonMa Ma'ks:100

Note : A"swet M! FltE f,l questiohs.

!. Explain th. follo\yi.g tems as relaLsd !o antenna systems:

i) Direclivilyii) H3llposer been width iii) Bemcrficiency (oeirhtu)b. obiair an erpression lormaximun eliecrive ap€rtur. ror Lz dipole. . (06]\rrrkn

c. A.adio link has I50 Nans nansnn6 connelcd !o s antenna ol2 m- apcnuie at 2 GllZThe receivi.s antennr has & apedure ol1.5 mi and is looated at l0 km.Iind ihe porver

delive*d ro the icceiver' (,.rr&r'na Find lhe rolal pover r.dlarsd and dnecrvily ror m isoaopic poinl source *nh

unidnmrion.l cosins squared polverpancn. Aho showrhe palrern (06 Mr*!)b Derive an ef,pressioo and draw the lisld pattern lor d atray lso isotopic point sources

with equal amplirude and opposite phase. loi vrk)c Four hotrcpicpoihr sourc.s separated by]2 eplaced along a shighl linein a broadside

fashion. DraN lhe lield pauem Also lind B$trN and HIBW. (03 M,rkta Derive an expression ror rddialion iesktancc ofa shoft eleticdipole. ($ nhrktb a d.p,J.,n'elr. o' e.11 5 "r i op_m'_d dr, 'eqrn.' o .0u VH, \ rl'k n J

,nr.'; '0ra \r.iTe .-.0 a'rd" .n. fino il'i.il 'r,,lr(03 Mrrs)c. \fnh a near figure. wincrhe lar- field equations loralhin linerancnna. i0{Mdta. Derivethe lar field erpressions for small loop&lenna. (03M,rk,b. D.iive rhc c\pression lor EdiarioD reshtan.e oasmallloop mte.na, 03Mr*,c. Eind thc mdiation clllciency.l a lm dia loop (c = r m) of 10 mm diaholcr coppei *ire ar

i) I Mrlzii) loMHz, (o{ NLrk)a. Extirin rhe prrctical desiSn consideradons for rhc nonofilar axi!! mod€ Helical sleina

ooM k)

i) lhe leDgth i,. apenurc aHand hallanslcs in E d H plsnes for a pyhmidal c m lmn lnrvhich the apmure ar = 3r. The hom is fed Nirh s rectangular waveguide leiti 1Er node.

r,k. i\=! in rhc P: nlanc md 6=1 in ihe Hr0 4

ii) vlxtisdncctivity? iii)$rhalisrhcapenurcWrnc shon noies on the follo{ingl

b. Coner ftncdor anrenmsc. complemontary antennasd. Antennd for CPR sysEmsa. Discuss rhc salient realures of Ground eare poDasaion.b Der.\e

'h0 o\pr-.or ro_BL'zn'fe'd q'. g,h a d Potrr dle.o."a- \r-r.

Deline the followins Ems dr relaled to ionospheric prcpasltion:i) IlllJI ii) ciicsl frcquenct iii) virtual heish iv) skip disbncc. (03 Mr*,ln an .onof\.' L vr\c prcpasarion 'T Pl.o' loetemaoe,rzp,dLUtr aJer.dal.rAhr or20Okr i.4)". s. h.r.ricrllcqucnc) t M, I J,cr'sterhe.l pdisLnL.

(06 M!rk)c. Calslate $e wave till in degEes of the slrlace wave ovct an esr.h 016 nillimetes

con ductivity an d rclarile pcmittiyity of I 2 at 2 MHz. (06 Mrk)

Statc Md crplain Shm.on Hadley I.w. Derire the expresion for lhe uppe

A voice Ende chuml of&e @lepbone neNo.k h6 1ltc bmd-idlh of 3_4 K}Izi) The chmel capaciry for a SNR of l0 dBii) The milimm SNR Equired ro suppon infomarion ransnjssion at th.

shosrhat I i) I(x,y)>0 ! ii) I(!))=0,,x) j iii) r (r, y) = H(x) + H6,)

PART - BC.sidq the {7. 4) LBC *hose Serraror mdrix is given below. Find:i) all md.vcctoG i) Prity chek frabix, Hiii) IE hininum *eiglx ud dislmc. of rhis code.

nooo rorl

tat=00r0 l0

1000t 0ll

Wiy do ae nc.d e@r conrol codins? Whal @ n\e lyp€s of e@s dd ryp*

06EC65

1. A(15,5)lineocyclic.odeh6!geneBtorporynomiat,C(x)=t@x@x2@x4@xrOxtOxD.i) Draw block diagrm olm encodr and syndrome catculdror circuit for ihk code.

ii) Find th. 6d€ polrnomial for thc desase polynomht D(x) E I Ox, Ox4(i! a systcmtic

co!rcoling .friciency oltiG co&.Lkr the adlont4es and disadvmbges ofcyclic 6d*.

Fis.Q3 below shows iha convolulional encoder:

: wrnerheimDuG.rcstuns.of fii!encoderh t no rtre oumu urhir*vse,,00 ti +ingtrmedotui, sppDach., Ind rhe orpur ro' $e n evs.,'oo'tr lins EsJom dom;ln +prcichd Dmw th..ode Fee rorrhec^."r".

iii) Is V(x) = l@ x4 @ x6 e x' @ x'a a oono polynomisr? If no! nnd tnc syldDh.

Wh.i is a binary cyclic codc? Dftcuss rhe f. uB ol encod md decod* usd for6in3d{tr k) bir shift Egisbr

ExPlain brielly rhe followingl

iio Shoncn.d cyclic code iv) R.rd Soloron code

considd a [r5, 9] eyolic code stuered by s(x)=1@xr