The Periodic Table

Li

3

He

2

C

6

N

7

O

8

F

9

Ne

10

Na

11

B

5

Be

4

H

1

Al

13

Si

14

P

15

S

16

Cl

17

Ar

18

K

19

Ca

20

Sc

21

Ti

22

V

23

Cr

24

Mn

25

Fe

26

Co

27

Ni

28

Cu

29

Zn

30

Ga

31

Ge

32

As

33

Se

34

Br

35

Kr

36

Rb

37

Sr

38

Y

39

Zr

40

Nb

41

Mo

42

Tc

43

Ru

44

Rh

45

Pd

46

Ag

47

Cd

48

In

49

Sn

50

Sb

51

Te

52

I

53

Xe

54

Cs

55

Ba

56

Hf

72

Ta

73

W

74

Re

75

Os

76

Ir

77

Pt

78

Au

79

Hg

80

Tl

81

Pb

82

Bi

83

Po

84

At

85

Rn

86

Fr

87

Ra

88

Rf

104

Db

105

Sg

106

Bh

107

Hs

108

Mt

109

Mg

12

Ce

58

Pr

59

Nd

60

Pm

61

Sm

62

Eu

63

Gd

64

Tb

65

Dy

66

Ho

67

Er

68

Tm

69

Yb

70

Lu

71

Th

90

Pa

91

U

92

Np

93

Pu

94

Am

95

Cm

96

Bk

97

Cf

98

Es

99

Fm

100

Md

101

No

102

Lr

103

La

57

Ac

89

1

2

3 4 5 6 7

Lanthanides

Actinides

Noblegases

Halogens

Transition metals

Alkalineearth metals

Alk

ali

me

tals

8 9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16 17

18

Uun

110

Uuu

111

Uub

112

Uuq

113

Uuh

116

Uuo

118

Orbitals Being Filled

1s

2s

3s

4s

5s

6s

7s

3d

4d

5d

6d

2p

3p

4p

5p

6p

1s

La

Ac

1

3 4 5 6 7

4f

5f

Lanthanide series

Actinide series

Groups 8

Per

iods

1 2

2

3

4

5

6

7

Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 345

Electron Filling in Periodic Table

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

s

d

p

s

f

Electron Filling in Periodic Tablemetallic character increases

nonmetallic character increases

met

allic

cha

ract

er in

crea

ses

non

met

allic

cha

ract

er in

crea

ses

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

s

d

p

s

f

Li

3

H

1

He

2

C

6

N

7

O

8

F

9

Ne

10

Na

11

B

5

Be

4

H

1

Al

13

Si

14

P

15

S

16

Cl

17

Ar

18

K

19

Ca

20

Sc

21

Ti

22

V

23

Cr

24

Mn

25

Fe

26

Co

27

Ni

28

Cu

29

Zn

30

Ga

31

Ge

32

As

33

Se

34

Br

35

Kr

36

Rb

37

Sr

38

Y

39

Zr

40

Nb

41

Mo

42

Tc

43

Ru

44

Rh

45

Pd

46

Ag

47

Cd

48

In

49

Sn

50

Sb

51

Te

52

I

53

Xe

54

Cs

55

Ba

56

Hf

72

Ta

73

W

74

Re

75

Os

76

Ir

77

Pt

78

Au

79

Hg

80

Tl

81

Pb

82

Bi

83

Po

84

At

85

Rn

86

Fr

87

Ra

88

Rf

104

Db

105

Sg

106

Bh

107

Hs

108

Mt

109

Mg

12

Ce

58

Pr

59

Nd

60

Pm

61

Sm

62

Eu

63

Gd

64

Tb

65

Dy

66

Ho

67

Er

68

Tm

69

Yb

70

Lu

71

Th

90

Pa

91

U

92

Np

93

Pu

94

Am

95

Cm

96

Bk

97

Cf

98

Es

99

Fm

100

Md

101

No

102

Lr

103

La

57

Ac

89

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Periodic Table

1

2

3

4

5

6

Li

180.5

He

-269.7

C

4100

N

-210.1

O

-218.8

F

-219.6

Ne

-248.6

Na

98

B

2027

Be

1283

H

-259.2

Al

660

Si

1423

P

44.2

S

119

Cl

-101

Ar

-189.6

K

63.2

Ca

850

Sc

1423

Ti

1677

V

1917

Cr

1900

Mn

1244

Fe

1539

Co

1495

Ni

1455

Cu

1083

Zn

420

Ga

29.78

Ge

960

As

817

Se

217.4

Br

-7.2

Kr

-157.2

Rb

38.8

Sr

770

Y

1500

Zr

1852

Nb

2487

Mo

2610

Tc

2127

Ru

2427

Rh

1966

Pd

1550

Ag

961

Cd

321

In

156.2

Sn

231.9

Sb

630.5

Te

450

I

113.6

Xe

-111.9

Cs

28.6

Ba

710

Hf

2222

Ta

2997

W

3380

Re

3180

Os

2727

Ir

2454

Pt

1769

Au

1063

Hg

-38.9

Tl

303.6

Pb

327.4

Bi

271.3

Po

254

At Rn

-71

Mg

650

Mg

650

1

2

3

4

5

6

Melting PointsSymbolMelting point oC

> 3000 oC 2000 - 3000 oC

La

920

He

0.126

Ralph A. Burns, Fundamentals of Chemistry , 1999, page 1999

Elements with Highest Densities

Year DensityElement Discovered (g/cm3)

Osmium 1804 22.59Iridium 1804 22.56Platinum 1784 21.45Rhenium 1925 21.01Neptunium 1940 20.47Plutonium 1940 20.26Gold prehistoric 19.32Tungsten 1783 19.26Uranium 1789 19.05Tantalum 1802 16.67

1

2

3

4

5

6

Li

0.53

He

0.126

C

2.26

N

0.81

O

1.14

F

1.11

Ne

1.204

Na

0.97

B

2.5

Be

1.8

H

0.071

Al

2.70

Si

2.4

P

1.82w

S

2.07

Cl

1.557

Ar

1.402

K

0.86

Ca

1.55

Sc

(2.5)

Ti

4.5

V

5.96

Cr

7.1

Mn

7.4

Fe

7.86

Co

8.9

Ni

8.90

Cu

8.92

Zn

7.14

Ga

5.91

Ge

5.36

As

5,7

Se

4.7

Br

3.119

Kr

2.6

Rb

1.53

Sr

2.6

Y

5.51

Zr

6.4

Nb

8.4

Mo

10.2

Tc

11.5

Ru

12.5

Rh

12.5

Pd

12.0

Ag

10.5

Cd

8.6

In

7.3

Sn

7.3

Sb

6.7

Te

6.1

I

4.93

Xe

3.06

Cs

1.90

Ba

3.5

Hf

13.1

Ta

16.6

W

19.3

Re

21.4

Os

22.48

Ir

22.4

Pt

21.45

Au

19.3

Hg

13.55

Tl

11.85

Pb

11.34

Bi

9.8

Po

9.4

At

---

Rn

4.4

Mg

1.74

1

2

3

4

5

6

Densities of Elements

Mg

1.74

SymbolDensity in g/cm3C, for gases, in g/L

8.0 – 11.9 g/cm3 12.0 – 17.9 g/cm3 > 18.0 g/cm3

La

6.7

4f

4d

4p

4s

n = 4

3d

3p

3s

n = 3

2p

2s

n = 2

1sn = 1

En

erg

y

Sublevels

Li

3

H

1

He

2

C

6

N

7

O

8

F

9

Ne

10

Na

11

B

5

Be

4

H

1

Al

13

Si

14

P

15

S

16

Cl

17

Ar

18

K

19

Ca

20

Sc

21

Ti

22

V

23

Cr

24

Mn

25

Fe

26

Co

27

Ni

28

Cu

29

Zn

30

Ga

31

Ge

32

As

33

Se

34

Br

35

Kr

36

Rb

37

Sr

38

Y

39

Zr

40

Nb

41

Mo

42

Tc

43

Ru

44

Rh

45

Pd

46

Ag

47

Cd

48

In

49

Sn

50

Sb

51

Te

52

I

53

Xe

54

Cs

55

Ba

56

Hf

72

Ta

73

W

74

Re

75

Os

76

Ir

77

Pt

78

Au

79

Hg

80

Tl

81

Pb

82

Bi

83

Po

84

At

85

Rn

86

Fr

87

Ra

88

Rf

104

Db

105

Sg

106

Bh

107

Hs

108

Mt

109

Mg

12

Ce

58

Pr

59

Nd

60

Pm

61

Sm

62

Eu

63

Gd

64

Tb

65

Dy

66

Ho

67

Er

68

Tm

69

Yb

70

Lu

71

Th

90

Pa

91

U

92

Np

93

Pu

94

Am

95

Cm

96

Bk

97

Cf

98

Es

99

Fm

100

Md

101

No

102

Lr

103

La

57

Ac

89

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

s

d

p

s

f

Electron Filling in Periodic Table

Li

2s1

H

1s1

He

1s2

C

2p2

N

2p3

O

2p4

F

2p5

Ne

2p6

Na

3s1

B

2p1

Be

2s2

H

1s1

Al

3p1

Si

3p2

P

3p3

S

3p4

Cl

3p5

Ar

3p6

K

4s1

Ca

4s2

Sc

3d1

Ti

3d2

V

3d3

Cr

3d5

Mn

3d5

Fe

3d6

Co

3d7

Ni

3d8

Cu

3d10

Zn

3d10

Ga

4p1

Ge

4p2

As

4p3

Se

4p4

Br

4p5

Kr

4p6

Rb

5s1

Sr

5s2

Y

4d1

Zr

4d2

Nb

4d4

Mo

4d5

Tc

4d6

Ru

4d7

Rh

4d8

Pd

4d10

Ag

4d10

Cd

4p1

In

5p1

Sn

5p2

Sb

5p3

Te

5p4

I

5p5

Xe

5p6

Cs

6s1

Ba

6s2

Hf

5d2

Ta

5d3

W

5d4

Re

5d5

Os

5d6

Ir

5d7

Pt

5d9

Au

5d10

Hg

5d10

Tl

6p1

Pb

6p2

Bi

6p3

Po

6p4

At

6p5

Rn

6p6

Fr

7s1

Ra

7s2

Rf

6d2

Db

6d3

Sg

6d4

Bh

6d5

Hs

6d6

Mt

6d7

Mg

3s2

Ce

4f2

Pr

4f3

Nd

4f4

Pm

4f5

Sm

4f6

Eu

4f7

Gd

4f7

Tb

4f9

Dy

4f10

Ho

4f11

Er

4f12

Tm

4f13

Yb

4f14

Lu

4f114

Th

6d2

Pa

5f2

U

5f3

Np

5f4

Pu

5f6

Am

5f7

Cm

5f7

Bk

5f8

Cf

5f10

Es

5f11

Fm

5f14

Md

5f13

No

5f14

Lr

5f14

La

5d1

Ac

6d1

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

s

d

p

s

f

Names and Symbols of Selected Elements

Name* Symbol Name* Symbol

Aluminum Al Lead (plumbum) PbArgon Ar Lithium LiBarium Ba Magnesium MgBoron B Mercury (hydrargyrum) HgBromine Br Neon NeCadmium Cd Nickel NiCalcium Ca Nitrogen NCarbon C Oxygen OChlorine Cl Phosphorus PCobalt Co Potassium (kalium) KCopper (cuprum) Cu Silicon SiFluorine F Silver (argentum) AgGold (aurum) Au Sodium (natrum) NaHelium He Strontium SrHydrogen H Sulfur SIodine I Tin (stannum) SnIron (ferrum) Fe Zinc Zn

*Names given in parentheses are ancient Latin or Greek words from which the symbols are derived.

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All rights reserved.

Electronegativity

The ability of anatom in a molecule to attract sharedelectrons to itself.

Linus Pauling1901 - 1994

1

2

3

4

5

6

1

2

3

4

5

6

Electronegativities

7

Be

1.5

Al

1.5

Si

1.8

Ti

1.5

V

1.6

Cr

1.6

Mn

1.5

Fe

1.8

Co

1.8

Ni

1.8

Cu

1.9

Zn

1.7

Ga

1.6

Ge

1.8

Nb

1.6

Mo

1.8

Tc

1.9

Ag

1.9

Cd

1.7

In

1.7

Sn

1.8

Sb

1.9

Ta

1.5

W

1.7

Re

1.9

Hg

1.9

Tl

1.8

Pb

1.8

Bi

1.9

1.5 - 1.9

N

3.0

O

3.5

F

4.0

Cl

3.0

3.0 - 4.0

C

2.5

S

2.5

Br

2.8

I

2.5

2.5 - 2.9

Na

0.9

K

0.8

Rb

0.8

Cs

0.7

Ba

0.9

Fr

0.7

Ra

0.9

Below 1.0

H

2.1

B

2.0

P

2.1

As

2.0

Se

2.4

Ru

2.2

Rh

2.2

Pd

2.2

Te

2.1

Os

2.2

Ir

2.2

Pt

2.2

Au

2.4

Po

2.0

At

2.2

2.0 - 2.4

Per

iod

Actinides: 1.3 - 1.5

Li

1.0

Ca

1.0

Sc

1.3

Sr

1.0

Y

1.2

Zr

1.4

Hf

1.3

Mg

1.2

La

1.1

Ac

1.1

1.0 - 1.4

Lanthanides: 1.1 - 1.3

1A

2A

3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 1B 2B

3A 4A 5A 6A 7A

8A

Hill, Petrucci, General Chemistry An Integrated Approach 2nd Edition, page 373

8B

Polar-Covalent bonds

Nonpolar-Covalent bonds

Covalent Bonds

Electrons are unequally sharedElectronegativity difference between 0.3 and 1.7

Electrons are equally sharedElectronegativity difference of 0 to 0.3

Example: H2O (water)

O = 3.5H = 2.1

difference is 1.4