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ELECTRO-MAGNETICWAVES & WEAPON NAME-UTKARSH SRIVASTAVROLL NO.-1274521013 EN(3RD YEAR) 1Outline1.) Introduction2.) Electromagnetic wave3.) Effect of electromagnetic wave4.) Lightning5.) EMI6.) E-bomb7.) FCG8.) Active denial system9.) HAARP project2IntroductionElectromagnetic warfare is a newly growing global concern, which threatens all the developed countries.

It affects only electrical & electronics component and networks.i.e. mobile, laptop , power grid , substations

3Electromagnetic Waves

4Properties of EM waves

5It travels with the speed of light.Electromagnetic waves are produced whenevercharged particlesareaccelerated, and these waves can subsequently interact with any charged particles.Electromagnetic wave carryenergy,momentumandangular momentumaway from their source particle and can impart those quantities tomatterwith which they interact.EM waves aremassless, but they are still affected bygravity.

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7ApplicationsCommunication HeatingCoolingMedicalNeuclear physicsDefence

EM waves are basically used in following ares-8Cooling?

9Laser coolingLaser coolingrefers to a number of techniques in which atomic and molecular samples are cooled down to nearabsolute zerothrough the interaction with one or morelaser fields.

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Lightining13LightningLightning may also be regarded as a transient , high current electric discharge.It is a major natural source of Electromagnetic radiation that interferes with modern electronics.The current generated by these are in range of 10kA to 200 kA.14Process of thundering

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DomesticPower lineProtection17

Electromagnetic Interference18EMI is the degradation in the performance of a device due to fields making up the Electromagnetic environment.

19Withstanding capability of electronic components to an EM wave is called ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY.

Electronic components are made compatible with following techniques- 1.)shielding2.)Grounding3.)Filtering20Protection from EMI

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E-bomb24It is a Future weapon i.e. more suitable weapons than conventional weapon to achieve shock effect over large target sets with small attacking forces.

The objective is to paralyze the enemys communication systems as quickly as possible.It is of two types-1.)Neuclear emp weapon2.)non-neuclear emp weapon

25E-bomb Technology Base:Power source - Explosively pumped Flux Compression Generator (FCG).FCG invented by Los Alamos Labs during the 1950s.FCG can produce tens of Mega Joules in tens to hundreds of microseconds.Peak current of an FCG is 1000 X that of a typical lightning stroke.

26Flux Compression Generator

It is a device which is used for high power EMP generation by compressing the magnetic flux using high explosive.it is one time usable device.

27Principle of OperationMagneto-explosive generators use a technique called "magnetic flux compression".

It works on Maxwells 3rd principle which says that magnetic flux is conservative.

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29Hollow tube generator

30Helical Generator

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Disc Generator32Damage Mechanisms:Low frequency pulses produced by FCG create high voltage spikes on fixed wiring infrastructure.Microwave radiation from HPM devices can couple directly through ventilation grilles, gaps between panels, poor interface shielding - producing a spatial standing wave inside the equipment cavity.33Maximising Bomb Lethality:Lethality is maximized by maximizing the power coupled into the target set.

Maximize peak power and duration of warhead emission (using powerful FCG).

Maximize coupling efficiency into target set.34

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36Defenses Against E-bombs:Destroy the delivery vehicle or launch platform

Electromagnetically harden important assets

Hide important assets37Vulnerability Reduction (Hardening):

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Active Denial system39Active denial system is a non-lethal directed energy weapon developed by U.S. military designed for area denial, perimeter secuirty and crowd control.

The ADS works by firing a high-powered beam of 95GHzwaves at a target, which corresponds to awavelengthof 3.2mm.The ADS millimeter wave energy works on a similar principle as amicrowave oven,excitingthe water and fat molecules in the skin, and instantly heating them viadielectric heating.

40One significant difference is that a microwave oven uses the much lower frequency (and longer wavelength) of 2.45GHz. The short millimeter waves used in ADS only penetrate the top layers of skin, with most of the energy being absorbed within 0.4mm (1/64"),whereas microwaves will penetrate into human tissue about 17mm (0.67").

41PrecautionReflective materials such as aluminium cooking foil should reflect this radiation and could be used to make clothing that would be protective against this radiation.

it was applied in afganistan by NATO but not fully operational.

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HAARP project43High Frequency ActiveAuroralResearch ProgramCan be used for weather changing of a local area.44BASIC DEVICES USED45

Star fish Prime46starfish Primewas ahigh-altitude(250 km) nuclear testconducted by theUnited States on July 9, 1962, a joint effort of theAtomic Energy Commission (AEC) and the Defense Atomic Support Agency.

AThorrocket carrying aW49thermonuclear warheadand a Mk. 2reentry vehiclewas launched fromJohnston Island in thePacific Ocean.

It produced a yield equivalent to 1.4megatonnesofTNT

47Due to this atmospheric test the 5 american and 2 russian sattelites had been damaged withinOne month of the testing date while it was of less powered than now.

Due to this now no open air test are allowed to be conducted. 48

MANY MORE WEAPONS ARE REMAINED..49Effect of EMP WeaponsEMP weaponNo Casualities,No structural lossOnlyEconomical loss50EFFECTSAt high power and frequency it can cause genetic changes in body.It can cause cancer.

It damages all the electronic components.

It can create disasters like wind storm , lightining.

51Neuclear war vs E-war

52 Effect on U.S.A.

53Strategic importance

54ConclusionBy the previous discussion we can say that electromagnetic waves are a gift from god to us,It depend upon us how to use it..55REFERENCESJay J. Ely - NASA langley research centrePaul Thomas Royal Air ForceDRDO laser departmentCarlo Corp- monash university , AustraliaWikipedia.orgThreat assesment of EMP- american congressEMP Commision assesment reportMathew N.O. Sadiku- principles of EMKraus/Fleisch- EM with application NATO- active denial system report

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