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Electromagnetic Theory of the Binding Energy of the Hydrogen Isotopes. Author Bernard Schaeer Address 7, rue de l’Ambroisie, 75012, Paris, France E-mail bschae[email protected] Abstract Bieler of the Rutherford laboratory imagined in 1924 a magnetic attraction equilibrating an electrostatic repulsion between the protons. Since the discovery of the neutron and the magnetic moments of the nucleons proving that the neutron contains electric charges, nobody, as far as I know, has tried to apply electromagnetism to the nuclear interaction. As it is well known, there is an attraction between an electric charge and a neutral conductor. In the deuteron, the positive charge of the neutron is repelled and the negative charge is attracted by the proton with a net attraction. The repulsion between the magnetic moments equilibrates the electrostatically induced attraction. The calculated value is 1.6 M eV not too far from the experimental value (2.2 M eV ). The calculated 7 hydrogen isotopes stay satisfactorily along the experimental isotopic parabola. No arbitrary tting parameter is used, only universal physical constants. The electromagnetic theory predicts a theoretical ratio between nuclear and chemical energies : m p meα . 1 Introduction The Greeks already knew the electrical properties of amber (elektron) and the magnetic properties of magnetite. Bieler in 1924 wrote “as the angle in- creases, the ratio of the actual scattering to what would be expected on the inverse-square law diminishes rapidly. This suggests the existence of an at- tractive force at short distances from the nucleus”. He made an “attempt to explain on a magnetic hypothesis this inverse fourth-power term in the law of force”[1]. The neutron was discovered in 1931 by his colleague, Chadwick. The neutron seeming to be uncharged, the electromagnetic hypothesis for the nuclear interaction was abandoned. The magnetic moments of the proton and of the deuteron were discovered in 1932 by Stern and the magnetic moment of the neutron in 1940 by Bloch. The non-zero magnetic moment of the neutron indicates that it is not an elementary particle, as it carries no net charge but 1

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