ELECTROMAGNETIC NEWS REPORT

42YEARS OF SERVICE

TO THEEMC COMMUNITY

A PUBLICATION OF SEVEN MOUNTAINS SCIENTIFIC, INC.Vol. 42, No. 1

E N RELECTROMAGNETIC NEWS REPORT

JANUARY / FEBRUARY 2014

ELECTROMAGNETIC NEWS REPORT

[Continued on Page 4]

Online at www.7ms.com

At AR’s new expansion groundbreaking are Donald Shepherd, chairman of AR and Jim Maginn, president of AR accompanied by Univest and Lamb Construction executives.

EMC SCAN

AR Expanding Headquarters AR RF/Microwave Instrumentation has broken ground on a major expansion project at its headquarters in Souderton, Pennsylvania. The expansion, which will add a two-story 10,000 square foot addition, will give AR the capabilities to manufacture and test high-power amplifiers in excess of 100kW. This aggressive move by AR, will further strengthen its position as the leader in high power. “We’re pushing the power envelope,” says Donald “Shep” Shepherd, chairman of AR, “because emerging technologies are creating a greater need for more powerful amplifiers and systems to test new products through GHz frequencies.” AR is building the first Class A linear solid state 50,000W continuous wave RF broadband amplifier to satisfy a customer’s demanding requirement. This wide band amplifier is extremely load tolerant, has nanosecond

rise times and has numerous control and operational features for ease of use and monitoring vital functions. Additional floor space is needed for the amplifier itself as well as to provide the power needed for testing the amp to its full capabilities. The company is expanding its facilities, not only to meet the needs of this 50,000W amplifier, but also in preparation for the future needs of its customers. This 50,000W amplifier will need over 250kW of power during ruggedness testing, well beyond its intended Class A mode of operation, with additional power of 100kW for the chiller and the air conditioning system. With the expansion, overall power to be provided to the plant will be 2MW which will enable AR to build and test extremely powerful amplifiers well in excess of 100,000W which will make AR unique for these requirements.

AMETEK Acquires Teseq Group AMETEK Inc. of Berwyn, Pennsylvania, has acquired Teseq Group, a leading manufacturer of test and measurement instrumentation for EMC testing, for $92 million. With approximately $53 million in annual sales, Luterbach, Switzerland-based Teseq manufactures a broad line of conducted and radiated EMC compliance testing systems and RF amplifiers for the aerospace, automotive, consumer electronics, medical equipment, transportation and telecommunications industries. The company also has manufacturing and development operations in Germany, the U.K. and the U.S. with direct sales offices in China, France, Germany, Japan, Singapore, Switzerland, Taiwan, the U.K. and the U.S. Teseq joins AMETEK as part of its Electronic Instruments Group (EIG) – a leader in advanced monitoring, testing, calibrating, and display instruments with 2012 sales of $1.9 billion. “Teseq is an excellent

Electromagnetic News Report January / February 2014

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Static & Crosstalk

Dr. E. Thomas Chesworth, P.E.Technical Editor

Serving the Industry Since 1972

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Some words and names hit with an impact without regard to their meaning. Kirk, for example. Now there’s a name for a warrior: I mean: who would have wanted the Star Ship Enterprise to be under the command of Captain Dingelhoffer? Fracking is a word like that. Who would want to be fracked? Any self-respecting environmentalist would be set against that even if they didn’t know what it meant. The environmentalists influence the politicians who know even less than they do so naturally fracking was outlawed until recently in the U.S. Most fracking critics don’t have any idea what it means. It is a shortening of the phrase “Induced Hydraulic Fracturing”. Now that doesn’t sound so frightening does it – a little stilted perhaps but not very frightening. Even more interesting, most of the (gasp, choke) chemicals injected into the rocks during the fracking process are water and sand – two of the most benign substances on the planet. In fact, a lot of the fracking is done with only water and sand because they are cheap and often do the job alone. If the rocks are glued together, for example with tar, then 0.5% of the chemicals aren’t water or sand. The additives dissolve the glue or make the process more efficient. Nasty stuff like wood alcohol, rubbing alcohol, 2-butoxyethanol (whatever that is) and antifreeze are most commonly used. Sometimes but seldom, even less

common chemicals are used including nasty acids such as vinegar and unpleasant things like salt. To be honest, there are a whole array of poly-this and methal-that but they are expensive compared to water and sand so they are used sparingly if at all. The rocks a few miles from the surface are under tremendous pressure causing strain and stress. When they are displaced by the water or lubricated with water they tend to slip around. Cracks form and the sand in the cracks keep them open releasing the gas, oil, dissolved uranium ore or water – Yes, Virginia, one of the most common uses of fracking is to increase the yield of drinking water from wells in the deserts of the world. These useful fluids in the rock layers are either pumped or forced out of the well. Most of us think that fracking is a new technology and we haven’t collected enough information to know whether the procedure is safe or not. Wrong. The first fracking was done over 60 years ago and has been done commercially since 1949. There are reams of data on all the terrible earthquakes (none) and poisoned water wells (nearly none) caused by fracking. If fracking has been going on for so long, then why is it in the news now? Up until the 1980’s the fracking could only be done near the bottom of a well – a ball of rock small compared to the strata (sort of the filling in a sandwich) where the fluid was waiting to be released. But then through the 1980’s and 1990’s the operators learned how to drill horizontally at the bottom of a well (now they could insert a pipe through the filling in the sandwich for miles). The fracked strata could drain into holes in the pipe over a large area increasing the yield dramatically. The Barnett Shale in Texas has enough natural gas to supply all of the energy for Texas for 2,000 years. The Marcellus Shale region in New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio and West Virginia has enough natural gas to supply all of the energy needs of the U.S. for over 200 years. All in all, fracking sounds like a good idea when you list its virtues. In fact, one can make a case for it being more environmentally friendly than competing processes like removing the oil from Alaska and shipping it to where it’s needed – ever hear of the Exxon Valdez? One can also make a case for oil and natural gas being more environmentally friendly than wood burning stoves and neither as polluting nor as corny as ethanol factories.

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[SCAN - continued from page 1]

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addition to our electrical test and measurement business,” says Frank S. Hermance, AMETEK chairman and CEO. “Its addition provides us with opportunities for accelerating product innovation and market expansion worldwide.”

D.L.S. Expands Environmental Testing D.L.S. Electronic Systems Inc. of Wheeling, Illinois, has expanded their in-house MIL STD 810 and DO-160 environmental testing services to include sand and dust testing, as well as vibration and shock testing. They also test for temperature, humidity, altitude, acceleration and salt spray. D.L.S. is a full service compliance laboratory for military, aerospace and avionics testing.

AVX Joins the NSF Center for EMC AVX Corp. of Greenville, South Carolina, a leading manufacturer of passive components and interconnect solutions, has become a member of the National Science Foundation’s Industry/University Cooperative Research Center (NSF I/UCRC) for Electromagnetic Compatibility at the Clemson University International Center for Automotive Research (CU-ICAR). The center sponsors research that helps member companies design products that are free from electromagnetic interference problems by keeping them appraised of the latest advances in the field, providing their engineers with access to the latest EMC design tools and technologies, and encouraging the employment of state-of-the-art designs. The NSF I/UCRC for EMC conducts much of its research at the Clemson Vehicular Electronics Lab (CVEL), which is located on the CU-ICAR campus and staffed

by researchers who specialize in the electromagnetic modeling and measurement of highly complex electronic components and systems, including Michelin Professor of Vehicle Electronics Todd H. Hubing, with whom the AVX engineering team is working closely.

Northrop Unveils Battlefield EM Pulse Generator Northrop Grumman of Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, has developed a pulse generation system for the company’s simulation products that used to replicate combat electromagnetic environments. The Advanced Pulse Generator (APG) is built with a direct digital synthesizer for creating radio frequency waveforms and is intended for laboratories, anechoic chambers and military testing facilities. Joe Downie, a site director at Northrop Grumman Amherst Systems, says the business designed the technology to address military customers’ RF threat detection requirements. According to the company, APG uses a modular open architecture and is intended to be compatible with existing and newer electronic warfare simulation systems. Northrop’s CEESIM simulators work to test electronic warfare warning devices, infrared or ultraviolet missile approach sensors and jamming platforms.

Classic Minerals Electromagnetic Work Classic Minerals of Australia is carrying out downhole and ground electromagnetic at its Mammoth nickel-copper discovery on the Fraser Range, Western Australia, ahead

of a 5,000 meter reverse circulation drilling program. The electromagnetic work will help determine the lateral and depth extent of the conductors at Mammoth, which is located 40 kilometers from Sirius Resources’ Nova and

Bollinger discoveries. Downhole electromagnetics will help delineate the extent of the mineralization 200 meters below the surface while ground electromagnetics will investigate the of conductors to a depth of 300 meters. Select reverse circulation chips and diamond core are also currently being reviewed for petrology and mineralogy to investigate the full range of sulfides present. Every one of the 20 holes drilled at Mammoth in November and December has hit sulfides with notable intercepts of up to 2 meters at 1% nickel from 106 meters and 1 meter at 1.4% copper from 42 meters. The 84 square kilometer E28/1904 tenement that contains 18 electromagnetic conductors. The Mammoth target has about 20 meters of lateritic cover.

Tektronix Acquires Picosecond Pulse Labs Tektronix Inc. of Beaverton, Oregon, a leading worldwide provider of test, measurement and monitoring instrumentation, has aquired Picosecond Pulse Labs. The move is intended to strengthen the Tektronix portfolio in the growing market for test equipment to support 100G/400G optical data communications research and development.

Picosecond Pulse Labs, based in Boulder, Colorado, offers products that include ultra-high-speed pattern generators, the world’s fastest pulse generators and highest bandwidth sampler modules. The company recently introduced the PatternPro line that includes multi-channel 32 Gb/s data generators and analyzers for 100G/400G applications. “When combined with our high-speed oscilloscopes and other product offerings, Picosecond will further strengthen our portfolio of solutions in the critical 100G/400G data communications segment,” says Amir Aghdaei, president of Tektronix.

Agilent Opens Cooperation Center with KAIST Agilent Technologies Inc. of Santa Clara, California, will collaborate with the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), one of Korea’s top public research universities, to further the development of inorganic analytical technology through research, education and knowledge-sharing. KAIST recently established the new Inorganic Analysis Technology Cooperation Center, which has the latest Agilent mass spectrometry instruments for customers in South Korea’s semiconductor, chemical,

Electromagnetic News Report January / February 2014 Electromagnetic News Report January / February 2014

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energy and material science industries to conduct research or learn about the latest in inorganic analysis technology. The center will focus on energy, semiconductor, advanced materials and nanotechnology applications. It will be equipped with Agilent ICP-MS (inductively coupled plass spectrometry) and ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasmas optical emission spectrometry) instruments. “KAIST is one of the best research-oriented science and technology universities in the world, and we are committed to using the industry’s most advanced analytical instruments and new research applications,” says Woo Mi-ja, director, KAIST Research Analysis Center. “Our partnership with Agilent will help groom the next generation of Korean scientists and technologists.”

GATR Receives $440M Contract for Antennas Satellite antennas mounted within an inflatable sphere are being supplied to the U.S. Army by Huntsville, Alabama-based GATR Technologies under a contract worth as much as $440 million.

The five-year indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity award was issued by the U.S. Army Project Manager, Warfighter Information Network-Tactical, Product Manager Satellite Communications, Commercial SATCOM Terminal Program Office. Under the contract, the Army, Marine Corps and other services will be able to procure the inflatable satellite antennas and associated hardware, services and support. GATR’s antenna is a flexible parabolic dish mounted within an inflatable sphere, reducing weight and packaged volume by as much as 80% and improving the agility of deployed military and disaster response personnel. Its larger dish size enables more efficient use of satellite bandwidth capacity, increasing bandwidth for users and allowing more users to communicate simultaneously. U.S. and Allied militaries have fielded more than 300 GATR inflatable satellite terminals since 2008, the company says.

Kennedy Named as New Raytheon CEO The Raytheon Co. board of directors has elected Dr. Thomas A. Kennedy, age 58, to serve as its CEO effective March 31. Kennedy (pictured) will succeed William H. Swanson, who has served as the CEO of the Waltham, Massachusetts-based Raytheon Co. since 2003. Swanson advised the board of his intention to step down from his position as CEO in March, following his 65th birthday. After March, he will continue to serve as chairman of the board of directors while the company completes the transition to the new CEO. The Raytheon board of directors also elected Kennedy to serve on the Raytheon Co. board of directors. He has served as executive vice president and chief operating officer of Raytheon since April 2013, where he led the recent consolidation of Raytheon’s six businesses to four to enhance productivity, agility and affordability of the company’s operations. A former captain in the U.S. Air Force, Kennedy holds a doctorate in engineering from the University of California, Los Angeles, and bachelor’s and master’s degrees in electrical engineering from Rutgers University and the Air Force Institute of Technology, respectively.

Schaffner Appoints Head of Automotive Division The Schaffner Group has appointed Günther Werkmeister as head of the automotive division. Werkmeister takes over from CEO Alexander Hagemann (right), who has been responsible for the division on an interim basis since November 9, 2012. No changes have been made to the group executive board of the Schaffner Group. Werkmeister is ideally positioned to take over responsibility for the automotive division at the beginning of 2014, having spent the past few months obtaining an in-depth understanding of the division on a consultative basis. He has over 30 years’ experience in the automotive industry and has operated at executive level in international

automotive suppliers for more than 25 years. The Schaffner Group’s portfolio ranges from EMC filters, power quality filters and power magnetic components to the development and implementation of customized solutions. For the automobile industry, Schaffner develops and manufactures solutions for electric drive systems in vehicles and their charging infrastructure.

JMAG’s EM Analysis Joins the HyperWorks APA Altair Partner Alliance (APA) of Troy, Michigan, reports the addition of Japan-based JSOL’s electromagnetic analysis solution JMAG to their HyperWorks suite. This addition is expected to further improve the multi-physics experience of the HyperWorks software. JMAG is able to analyze the electromagnetic workings of a machine, based on geometry and material, in order to improve production. This addition should therefore be a welcome sight to the home appliance, computer hardware, automation, electric power and automotive industries. JMAG marks the latest addition of Altair’s unit-based licensing system. The set up allows for users to

optimize their solution to their own needs by customizing access to various applications. This gave birth to the APA, a collection of third party contributors to a pool of applications available through HyperWorks.

Highly Efficient Broadband Terahertz Radiation Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Ames Lab have demonstrated broadband terahertz wave generation using metamaterials. Potentially, THz waves may accelerate telecom technologies and break new ground in understanding the fundamental properties of photonics. Challenges related to efficiently generating and detecting THz waves has primarily limited their use. To stretch optical waves, most techniques include mixing two laser frequencies inside an inorganic or organic crystal. However, the natural properties of these crystals result in low efficiency. To address these challenges, the Ames team looked outside natural materials for a possible solution. They used human-made materials called metamaterials, which exhibit optical and magnetic properties not found in nature.

Electromagnetic News Report January / February 2014

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Interactive EMC Buyers' Guide News, Standards, & Product Updates 17 technology & market channels And more

Search archives by topicShare with social mediaComment on news stories

Visit us now!interferencetechnology.com

EMC

YOUR ONLINE RESOURCE FOR

EMI / EMC The Institute of Technology in Germany, created a metamaterial made of a meta-atom called split-ring resonators. Split-ring resonators, because of their u-shaped design, display a strong magnetic response to any desired frequency waves in the THz to infrared spectrum.

Ames Laboratory physicist Jigang Wang, who specializes in ultra-fast laser spectroscopy, designed the femto-second laser experiment to demonstrate THz emission from the metamaterial of a single nanometer thickness. “The combination of ultra-short laser pulses with the unique and unusual properties of the metamaterial generates efficient and broadband THz waves from emitters of significantly reduced thickness,” says Wang, who is also an associate professor of Physics and Astronomy at Iowa State University.

RFMD Teams with NC State on $70M Award RFMD of Greensboro, North Carolina, a global leader in the design and manufacture of high-performance radio frequency solutions, will play a key role in developing power electronics to support the next generation of clean energy in the U.S. RFMD is a foundry and product design/development partner to North Carolina State University’s Next Generation Power Electronics Innovation Institute, which was awarded a five-year $70 million contract from the Department of Energy to lead next generation power electronics manufacturing. RFMD was one of four institute partners invited to meet U.S. President Barack Obama at a ceremony to announce the contract award in Raleigh, N.C.

RFMD will offer open foundry services to support the NC State-led program and help accelerate the development of key wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductor products including RFMD’s Gallium Nitride-(GaN-) based devices needed to increase the reliability and efficiency of the next generation power grid. Wide bandgap semiconductors offer a new opportunity to jumpstart the next generation of smaller, faster, cheaper and more efficient power electronics for personal devices, electric vehicles, renewable power interconnection, industrial-scale variable speed drive motors and a smarter, more flexible grid.

C-COM Sends Mobile Antennas to Russia COM Satellite Systems of Ontario, Canada, has received new orders for its iNetVu auto-deploy antenna systems from AltegroSky, the company’s largest Russian reseller. The antennas will assist with oil and gas exploration in Russia by one of the world’s leading oilfield services companies, and will be deployed over the Russian Yamal 200 and Yamal 402 satellites. “The sale and rental of the C-COM manufactured iNetVu antennas to this exploration company is financially significant as well as a challenging and interesting projects

for us,” says Ruslan Akchulpanov, commercial director of AltegroSky. “We have been successful in integrating the iNetVu mobile auto-deploying satellite antenna systems to a wide range of additional services offered to Russian costumers. This is one of the reasons why AltegroSky is the largest commercial VSAT operator in Russia.”

Electromagnetic News Report January / February 2014 Electromagnetic News Report January / February 2014

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EMGS and TGS Expand Barents Sea Cooperation EMGS and TGS, both of Norway, have agreed to expand the scope of their cooperation agreement from 11 to 17 blocks. In addition, TGS will increase its investment in all 17 blocks.

“The expansion of this agreement confirms our strategy to integrate our 3D EM data with seismic data and sell this as a combined dataset. We are encouraged by TGS’s interest in our library and look forward to further developing our relationship with TGS,” says Roar Bekker, CEO of EMGS.

The multi-client surveys are already completed. The contribution from TGS will amount to approximately USD3.4 million and will be booked as a reduction of the carrying value of EMGS’s existing multi-client library in the fourth quarter 2013.

Cobham and Comtech Enter Strategic Partnership U.K.-based Cobham SATCOM and Comtech EF Data Corp. of Tempe, Arizona, have a strategic partnership that will include the integration and productisation of Comtech EF Data’s RF products across a range of Cobham SATCOM maritime antenna systems. The new strategic partnership strengthens the existing working relationship between Cobham SATCOM and Comtech EF Data. Maritime satcoms service providers and end-users are set to benefit from the further integration of equipment and technology between the two companies. “Further integration and a strong working relationship will only enhance and promote new VSAT antenna solutions for the ever demanding communication needs in the maritime market,” says Darren Manning, senior product manager, Cobham.

Analysis of Graphene-Based Alternate Structures An Iranian researcher from Sharif University of Technology succeeded in significantly reducing the time required for electromagnetic analysis of graphene-based structures by presenting a novel approximate boundary conditions for magnetic field. “In this research, we presented an approach for fast analysis of alternate arrays of graphene bands. The

analysis of the arrays is very time-consuming through the methods based on Fourier’s model. In this article we present a method that can reduce the time required for the analysis of such structures a few hundred times,” the researcher says. The researcher increased the convergent rate of Fourier Modal Method (FMM) in the analysis of arrays consisting of graphene bands. FMM is one of the most common methods in the analysis of optical structures. Alternate arrays of graphene have applications in the production of various optical devices, including optical sensors, light sorbents, lenses with the ability higher than diffraction limit, and terahertz supermaterials. The structure could play the role of an element of electrical circuit, and the mentioned element was characterized. Results of the research have been published in Optics Letters, August 2013, pp. 3009-3012.

SGS Acquires Nemko Oy from The Nemko Group SGS of Geneva, Switzerland, has aquired Nemko Oy, the Finnish subsidiary of the Norway-based Nemko Group. Nemko Oy, with facilities in Espoo, Jyväskyla and Vantaa, provides testing, calibration and expert services to the domestic and international telecommunication, electrical and electronics industry, as well as to machinery manufacturers.

Nemko Oy and SGS operate the two largest EMC testing laboratories in Finland. The company employs 31 staff and generated 2013 revenues in excess of €3.3 million. With this acquisition, SGS consolidates its leadership in the EMC segment and strengthens its calibration services offering. “I am very pleased with this acquisition. With the addition of Nemko Oy’s operations, SGS will reinforce its presence and develop new activities in Finland,” says Chris Kirk, CEO of SGS.

Aeroflex Announces Contracts Worth Over $20M Aeroflex Holding Corp. of Plainview, New York, a leading global provider of high performance microelectronic components, and test and measurement equipment, has signed two contracts in its Aeroflex Microelectronic Solutions business for over $20 million of high-performance, high-reliability mixed-signal semiconductors. Delivery is anticipated to begin during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014 and the company expects to complete shipments over the subsequent 24 months.

Solar’s Useful Contraptions and Other Fancy Stuff to Aid and Assist the EMI Engineer

GIZMOS, Whatchamacallits and Thingamajigs**previously known as Indispensable Equipment and Useful Accessories**

SOLAR ELECTRONICS COMPANY • Innovative EMI Solutions Since 1960 • A Division of A.T. Parker, Inc. 10866 Chandler Boulevard, North Hollywood, California 91601 USA • (800) 952-5302 • (818) 755-1700 • Fax (818) 755-0078 • www.solar-emc.com • sales@solar-emc.com

The Type 6220-1A Audio Isolation Transformer is designed for series injection of audio voltages into power lines as required by Method CS-01 and CS-101, MIL-STD-461.

The secondary can carry up to 50 amperes at power frequencies. It includes a separate secondary for monitoring the injected voltage and comfortably handles 200 watts of audio. Higher current models are available.

The Model 2654-2 Lightning Transient Generator synthesizes electrical impulses needed for testing susceptibility to transients induced in aircraft equip-ment by lightning strikes.The peak voltage and current requirements of RTCA/DO-160E, Section 22 are met at Levels 1 through 3. Using available accessory probes, pulses can be applied by pin injection, cable bundle injection, and ground injection.

The Model 2854-1 Transient Generator is designed to meet the requirements of MIL-STD-461F, CS106. It provides 5 S 22% pulse with a 1.5 S 0.5 S raise time across a 5.0 ohm non-inductive resis-tor. Voltage is adjustable to greater than 600 volts. The undershoot is limited to less than 120 volts peak (maximum) and less than 20 S. The repeti-tion rate is variable and can be adjusted from 0.8 p.p.s. to 10 p.p.s. Single transients can be applied with the push button on the front panel.

The Model 8850-2 Power Sweep Generator has a 200 watt audio source for CS101 testing. Provides audio power in a manually tuned or sweeping mode in four bands cover-ing 20 Hz to 150 KHz. Frequency in KHz and output level in volts r.m.s. are displayed on digital meters. Provision is made for sensing the audio voltage injected into the EUT and displaying this level on the digital panel meter. Self-leveling maintains the injected signal level as frequency is scanned. Model 2352-1 200 Watt Audio Power Amplifier is also available.

The Model 9354-2 CS116 Transient Generator provides nine selectable waveforms, including six damped sinusoidal pulses (10 KHz, 100 KHz, 1 MHz, 10 MHz, 30 MHz, and 100 MHz) and three double exponential pulses (6.4 S, 70 S and 120 S).

For the damped sinusoidal waveforms, the repetition rate is internally adjusted from 0.5 to 2.0 pulses per second. A panel-mounted push button can be used for manually triggering single pulses. The peak amplitude of the selected output pulse is adjustable as a percentage of the charge voltage. The open circuit discharge voltage is displayed on the panel-mounted digital voltmeter.

The six damped sinusoidal waveforms were designed to meet the requirements of MIL-STD-461F, CS116.

Two of the six damped sinusoidal waveforms (1 MHz and 10 MHz) have their limits extended to an open circuit voltage of 3200 volts and a short circuit current of 128 amperes to meet the require-ments of DO-160F, Section 22, Table 22-2, for waveform 3 to level 5.

The Model 9355-1 CS115 Pulse Generator provides a 35 nanosecond pulse with a rise and fall time of less than 2 nanoseconds into 50 ohms as described in MIL-STD-461F, CS115. The charged line potential is adjustable from less than 10 volts to greater than 1200 volts. The repetition rate is variable from less than 1 up to 150 pps. Digital display provides for monitoring the charging voltage and pulse repetition rate.

We like to helppeople like you!Our updated Web site shows a large variety of instruments, acces-sories and useful devices to make EMI test setups easier and manageable. Helpful application notes are included where needed and can be downloaded if you wish.

We’re easy to reach— just choose one of the methods at the bottom of the page. We look forward to hearing from you! PRODUCTS FOR MIL-STD-461F

To facilitate testing to the test methods of MIL-STD-461F, special instruments and ancil-lary items are available. This includes delta and wye connected ten microfarad capacitor assemblies, precision resistors, loop antennas, injection probes, current probes, and LISNs, in addition to the instruments briefly described above. We provide items for test methods CE101, CE102, CS101, CS106, CS109, CS114, CS115, CS116, RE101, RE102, RE103, RS101, RS103 and RS105. Each item has been expressly designed with the test engineer in mind to make the test setups easier to configure.Partial lists of available probes and LISNs are included on our Web site, but newly designed versions become available every working day as a result of our on-going development program. Ask for the latest lists.

We offer a large variety of EMI Current Probes and Bulk Current Injection Probes. They are designed for full compliance withMIL-STD-461F, RTCA DO-160E and many other specifications.

Frequencies from 1.0 KHz to 1.0 GHz. Transfer impedance from .001 to 10 ohms.

See our Web site for a comprehensive list with full technical details. New designs are being added daily.

The Type 6512-106R 10 Microfarad Feed-thru Capacitor fills a vital need in all screen room setups as required by EMI specifica-tions. Rated at 600 volts d.c. and 250 volts r.m.s., it will carry power currents up to 100 amperes.

Other models are available up to 500 volts r.m.s. and up to 500 amperes.

Meets the requirements of SAE document ARP-936.

ACCESSORIES OF ALL KINDSLine Impedance Stabilization Networks, Loop Antennas, Wave Filters, Coupling Networks, Resistive Networks, High Voltage Spike Transformers, Line Isolation Transformers, and many other useful and necessary items.

** Equipment for Transient Immunity Tests and EMI Emission Measurements

Solar Electronics founder A.T. Parker in the field, measuring radio transmissions with a Stoddart NM-20 EMI receiver (c. 1949)

Electromagnetic News Report January / February 2014 Electromagnetic News Report January / February 2014

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628 LeVander Way South St. Paul, MN 55075 1-888-EMI-GURU

EMC NOTEBOOK

Transient Protection or Filters?

By William D. Kimmel, PE and Daryl D. Gerke, PE

Kimmel Gerke Associates, Ltd.

Transient interference needs to be blocked before it gets to the vulnerable circuit element – often, this is accomplished at the circuit board at the cable at the entry point. Mild transients may be handled by filters, but harsh transients may well need use of a transient suppression device. There are three common transient protection devices useful for EMI control, the gas discharge tube, the metal-oxide-varistor (MOV) and the silicon-avalanche-device (SAD). Let’s take a look at the characteristics of each of these, then compare with the performance of filters.

Gas Tubes

These are basically spark breakdown devices – in the most energetic case, two closely spaced conductive balls are used to divert lightning currents. When the voltage is sufficiently, the voltage breaks down between the two conductors, establishing a low impedance path and the capability to carry copious amounts of current. The same principle is employed with gas discharge tubes, on a much smaller scale. The breakdown voltage is governed by the geometry and the gas. The tube looks like an open circuit until the breakdown voltage is reached. When breakdown occurs, a plasma path is established, forming a very low impedance path. Thus, no power is consumed until the device triggers, and very little power is consumed when it fires. The bottom line is that this device can sink lots of current without overheating. There are several downsides to this device. First is the breakdown voltage is higher than desired for signal lines – generally acceptable for AC input voltage. Second is that nothing happens until the breakdown voltage is achieved, and this breakdown voltage may be much higher than that needed for circuit protection – perhaps satisfactory for protecting power, but unsatisfactory for protecting sensitive circuits. As an example, if you were protecting a 120 VAC line, you might set the breakdown voltage at something above 300

volts converting RMS to peak, adding some headroom for nominal voltage tolerance. But the actual firing voltage may reach 1500 volts with a fast transient. Third is, there needs to be a method of shutting off the device when the transient is over – you have to reset to the non-conductive state by dropping the voltage to near zero. If you are protecting AC, there is no problem – you simply coast through at most one half cycle, when the voltage passes through zero, the device turns off. The power input needs to be able to ride through this half cycle, or about 8msec for 60Hz power. For DC, however, you need to provide some device to interrupt the current after the transient has passed.

SAD

These are simply Zener diodes, with junction cross section adequate to carry the transient current. The consideration is that of energy, rather than current limits. The transient is fast enough that it appears instantaneous from an energy standpoint too brief for any heat to be conducted away during the transient, so the real question is, how many Joules must the device handle in the worst case. The characteristics of the Zener Diode is that it draws no current in the reverse direction until the breakdown voltage is reached, then holds the voltage nearly constant as current continues to increase (Figure 1) – the dynamic

resistance above breakdown is very low. The forward voltage is that of the usual silicon diode, with a knee of about 0.7 volt.

If you are trying to protect a DC voltage supply or a signal line, you select a breakdown voltage comfortably above the maximum voltage and mount it with anode connected to the positive terminal. If you are protecting AC, you need two diodes mounted head to foot, making a symmetrical bipolar device. Mounted correctly, these devices are very fast, capable of shunting even very fast ESD transients. The downside is that these devices have limited heat capacity, so they need to be sized very conservatively.

MOV

The MOV is basically a highly non-linear resistor, with I-V characteristics like Figure 1. Compared with the SAD, the breakdown voltage knee is quite soft. It is also symmetrical, having similar performance in the forward and reverse direction. This makes it desirable for AC, but not as desirable for DC, where reverse voltage protection may need to be a very low voltage. This is the primary surge protection devices for power

strips, commonly used for computer equipment. These power protectors are not fast enough for fast transients, but the newer SMT devices are much faster, fast enough to handle ESD and EFT. The soft breakdown is not the best for signals, but may be adequate in many cases. These have the same heating issue as the SAD, but they have a higher tolerance for heat, and would be the device of choice except for fussy circuits. Early MOVs were prone to burn out after time, but this is no longer an issue.

Filters

Filters can often be used for handling transients. The key suppression element is a shunt capacitor to sink interference current. The requirement on the capacitor are two-fold: first, the capacitor value needs to be high enough to hold the voltage to an acceptable level. Second, the capacitor needs to be able to handle the surge current without degrading – heavy surge currents may overheat internal metallization, degrading the capacitor over time.

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Consider an arbitrary transient, as per Figure 2, with an assumed source impedance Rs. The capacitance needs to be large enough to keep the voltage to an acceptable maximum. Obviously, the capacitance needed will vary with the particular transient: ESD and EFT are high speed low energy transients, and can get by with small capacitors, in the neighborhood of 10 to 100 nF. Surge is a low speed high energy transient, and will need capacitance well into the microfarad range. The limitations are bandwidth and maximum peak current in the capacitor. Power lines have no practical bandwidth limitations, but for signal lines, bandwidth is the primary issue. Switches, analog lines and low frequency digital lines (e.g. RS-232) can be adequately filtered for ESD and EFT, setting a cut-off frequency of perhaps 10 MHZ. Surge is low enough frequency that filtering is usually not an acceptable option. High speed signals cannot be filtered without killing the signal, so transient protection may be the only option without going to shielding.

Combination Protection

If the instantaneous inrush current is high enough to threaten the capacitor internals, a combination approach may be appropriate. One possibility may be to use some series impedance to limit the current to an acceptable level. The series element must be sized so that the voltage drop stays at acceptable levels – significant overvoltages may break down the element, or in the extreme case, arc around the component. So the impedance will necessarily be on the low side. Transient devices and filters may be mixed and matched to provide the necessary protection. A common technique for communications is shown in figure 2. The SAD and series impedance hold the voltage to an acceptable level until the arc device has time to fire. If bandwidth permits, the SAD may be replaced with capacitors.

Summary

Transient devices and filters may be used to minimize transient effects, depending on the transient and device susceptibility. Arc devices are generally good for slow transients such as surge, being capable of sinking copious amounts of current, but are too slow for fast transients. MOVs and SADs are capable of handling fast transients, but are limited in current capacity, noting that MOVs will handle more than SADs. Filters should be considered for transients, if bandwidth permits.

PRODUCT NEWS

New Low-Cost Ferrites in Stock A new line of Ferrites from Leader Tech offers electronics manufacturers an extremely cost-effective alternative for controlling unwanted EMI/RFI interference. The company’s CE83 material ferrites are available in multiple solid and split core styles to fit data and power cables with diameters ranging from .138” to .500”. The new formulation is optimized for problem frequencies between 10MHz-1GHz and delivers peek impedance at 300 MHz.

Leader Tech CE83 material ferrites are sold in case quantities from 160 to 1,200 pieces making them ideal for low to medium volume applications. In addition, all styles are in-stock and ready for immediate delivery. For more information or available styles and performance charts, you can instantly download the CE83 product catalog at www.leadertechinc.com.

Contact Tracy Kuhns, national sales manager, phone: 1-813-855-6921 (headquarters), or email: sales@leadertechinc.com.

Electro Standards Lab Model 9925 4-Channel Switch Electro Standards Labs now offers the Model 9925 4-Channel Switch featuring three channels of DB9 A/B switching and one channel of RJ45 Cat 5 A/B switching in a slim, 19-inch standard rackmount enclosure. This network switch allows users to simultaneously switch data over from A to B ports or B to A ports for up to

(6) DB9 devices and (2) RJ45 devices connected to the Common ports. The Model 9925 utilizes three channels to allow quick connection to any one of two DB9 interface devices (A and B) from one common port for each of the three channels. The fourth channel is comprised of RJ45 connectors, certified for Cat 5 compliance, allowing control of any one of two RJ45 interface devices or networks via one common port. The rugged, anodized black box packaging provides EMI/RFI shielding. The unit measures 19.0”W x 1.75”H x 8.0”D (48.3 x 4.4 x 20.3cm). The switch weighs approximately 2.5 lbs (1.2 kg). Network cables for the switch installation are also available from the company. For more information, visit www.electrostandards.com. Syfer EMI Chip Filters Extended The Syfer E07 range of high current 3 terminal EMI chip filters has been extended to now include a

3A device. Suitable for use on DC lines on PCB’s, they are designed to reduce EMI emanating from high speed signal lines and IC’s, and prevent the propagation of high frequency noise along power lines. Lower ground path inductance is offered as a result of the dc current being fed through the chip giving a shorter connection to ground. PCB designers will find that a significantly improved high frequency filtering performance is the result. This new 3A device is available in an 1812 chip size using X7R dielectric. Dependant on voltage rating (25, 50, 100 or 200VDC) the capacitance range is 100nF through to 1.8µF. Aimed at general signal filtering and high speed digital circuitry, these chip filters are particularly suitable for use in the communications and automotive industries. For more information, visit www.dovercmp.com/syfer.

Custom MMIC Ultra Low Noise GaAs Amplifiers Custom MMIC, a developer of performance-driven monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs), is adding two new low noise amplifiers, the CMD167 and

STUDENT PAPER CONTESTGraduate and undergraduate authors are eligible for the Best Student Paper contest. The student must be the primary author and should indicate they wish to be considered for the contest when submitting the preliminary manuscript. Each student’s professor will be asked to certify that the paper is primarily the work of the student. A Student Design Contest is also being held. Obtain the design kit, rules, and award details from the website: www.emcs.org.

SPECIAL ISSUE OF IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EMC Authors of accepted papers will be invited to submit an extended version of their symposium paper for possible inclusion in a special issue of the IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility featuring papers from the 2014 IEEE Inter-national Symposium on EMC. These submissions will be subjected to the same rigorous review as papers submitted for publication in regular issues of the IEEE Transactions on EMC.

GUIDELINES FOR AUTHORS & SUBMITTAL PROCEDURESProspective authors must submit electronically**.• A preliminary manuscript (4 – 6 pages) including all relevant results and conclusions.

• Choice of presentation format (traditional oral or open forum).

** Preliminary Manuscripts and Final papers are to be submitted using the link provided on the symposium website at www.emc2014.org after November 1, 2013. During the electronic submission process a unique author code is created for tracking purposes. Submissions are reviewed anonymously, so please do not include author names or affiliations on the Preliminary Manuscript. Failure to comply with submission requirements may result in rejection.

PAPER ACCEPTANCE PROCEDURES & CRITERIA• Importance of Topic: Does it have direct significance to the EMC community?

• Technical Sophistication and Depth: Does it present information that is a significant contribution, advancement, application or refinement of the state of the art? Does it expose the reader to a higher knowledge level than currently available from other sources?

• Readability, Clarity and Presentation: Is the value of the submission clearly defined? Is the material written in clear and concise English, with topics present-ed in an organized and logical manner?

• Novelty and Originality: Does it propose a new and unique concept or expand on an existing premise from a unique point of view?

AUTHORSUBMISSION SCHEDULE• Preliminary Full Paper Manuscript: November 1, 2013 - January 20, 2014 Late papers will not be accepted.

• Acceptance Notification: March 10, 2014

• Final Paper and Workshop/Tutorial Material Due: May 9, 2014

PAPER FORMATS• Traditional Oral presentation: Presentation for those interested in presenting to large groups with limited potential for interactions with attendees. Six-page paper maximum, 20-minute presentation with 10-minute question and answer session.

• Poster Paper: Presentation for those interested in direct interaction with individuals or small groups.

Technical Paper ChairJun.Fan@ieee.org

Technical Program ChairT.Hubing@ieee.org

INFORMATION for AuthorsJoin your colleagues in Raleigh where you can share your insight, ask questions, learn from the experts/innovators and see new products at the 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility. The IEEE EMC Society seeks original, unpublished papers covering all aspects of electromagnetic compatibility, including EMC design, modeling, measurements and education. This year’s symposium includes an embedded conference, 2014 IEEE International Conference on Signal and Power Integrity (SIPI 2014), featuring workshop, tutorials and technical sessions devoted to topics of interest to both EMC and Signal Integrity engineers.

Conference proceedings will be submitted for posting to IEEE Xplore. In addition, authors of accepted papers will be invited to submit an extended version of their symposium paper for possible publication in a special issue of the IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility.

TC-1 EMC Management• Personnel & Laboratory Accreditation• EMC Education• Legal Issues

TC-2 EMC Measurements• Test Instrumentation & Facilities• Measurement Techniques• Standards and Regulations

TC-3 EM Environment• EM Signal Environment• Atmospheric & Man-Made Noise

TC-4 EM Interference Control• Shielding, Gasketing & Filtering• Cables and Connectors• Circuit & System EMC Analysis• Grounding

TC-5 High Power Electromagnetics• ESD & Transients• EMP, IEMI & Lightning• Information Leakage• Electric Power EMC

TC-6 Spectrum Management• Spectrum Management• Spectrum Monitoring

TC-7 Low Frequency EMC• Power Quality and Conducted EMC• Power Electronics

TC-9 Computational Electromagnetics• Computer Modeling Methods• Tools and Techniques• Validation Methods• Statistical Analysis

TC-11 Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials• Nanomaterials & Nanostructures• Smart Materials

SC1 Smart Grid EMC• RF Environment• Performance Degradation

SC4: EMC for Emerging Wireless Technologies• EMC Planning/Testing/Specifications• Wireless Coexistence• Intra-System Interference

Embedded Conference on Signal and Power Integrity (SIPI 2014)• High-Speed Interconnects• Device Modeling & Characterization• Crosstalk, Jitter, Noise Coupling, BER analysis• 3D IC & TSV• Power Distribution Networks & Decoupling• SI/PI/EMI Co-Design

PAPER TOPICS of Interest

See website for more details www.emc2014.org

EMC 2014Symposium Committee

General ChairEMC 2014 Symposium Bruce Archambeault IBM bruce.arch@ieee.org

Vice-Chair Sam Connor IBM sconnor@ieee.org

Secretary Bob Davis Lockheed Martin robert.h.davis@lmco.com

Treasurer/Finance Chair John LaSalle Northrop Grumman john.lasalle@ieee.org

Technical Program Chair Todd Hubing, Clemson University t.hubing@ieee.org

Technical Papers Chair Jun Fan Missouri University jun.fan@ieee.org

Special Sessions Chair Colin Brench Amphenol colin.brench@ieee.org

Workshops/Tutorials Chair John Maas IBM johnmaas@us.ibm.com

Experiments/Demos Co-Chairs Bob Scully NASA bob.scully@ieee.org Jay Diepenbrock Lorom Group East Jay@lorom.com, jdiepenb@earthlink.net

Youth Technical Program Chair Amy Pinchuk Infield Scientific Amy@InFieldScientific.com

Topics include and are notlimited to the followingtechnical areas.

emc2014_call4papers_2pgspread_8.5x11ad.indd All Pages 8/21/13 10:36 AM

Electromagnetic News Report January / February 2014 Electromagnetic News Report January / February 2014

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Info: Visit www.mesago.de/en/EMV/The_Conference/Welcome/index.htm.

March 23-27 – 30th International Review of Progress in Applied Computation Electromagnetics, Hyatt Regency Jacksonville Riverfront, Jacksonville, Florida. Serves as a forum for developers, analysts, and users of computational techniques applied to electromagnetic field problems at all frequency ranges. Includes technical presentations and exhibits. Info: www.aces-society.org/conference/2014/.

March 31-April 1 – 9th International Conference on Computation in Electromagnetics, Imperial College, London, U.K. Includes theory, techniques and algorithms of computational electromagnetics; and applications of CEM (antennas, EMC, machines, sensors, bio, and nano). Info: Visit www.theiet.org/cem2014.

April 7-10 – Radio and Antenna Days of the Indian Ocean, Sugar Beach Resort, Mauritius. Discusses recent developments, theories and practical applications covering the entire scope of radio frequency engineering, including radio waves, antennas, propagation and electromagnetic compatibility. Info: Visit www.radiosociety.org/radio2014/.

CALENDAR

Meetings and Symposia

March 3-6 – GlobeSpace2014: 2014 Global Symposium on EMC, Safety and Product Compliance Engineering, David Intercontinental Hotel, Tel-Aviv, Israel. EMC, safety and product compliance, researchers, scientists, engineers and vendors, working in theoretical and applied areas present their latest research results, discuss problems and exchange views and experience. Info: Visit www.globespace.org.

March 11-13 – EMV 2014, Düsseldorf Congress CCD, Dusseldorf, Germany. International electromagnetic compatibility conference and exhibition offers a wide range of EMC-related topics.

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the CMD167P3, to their growing product line. Both are ideally suited for EW and communications systems where small die size and low power consumption are needed. The CMD167is a highly efficient, ultra low noise GaAs MMIC amplifier that operates from 10 to 17GHz. The CMD167P3 is the packaged version of the amplifier which operates from 8 to 16GHz. At 14GHz, both the CMD167 and the CMD167P3 deliver greater than 15 dB of gain, with an output 1 dB compression point of +11 dBm and a noise figure of 1.8dB. Both are 50ohm matched designs, thereby eliminating the need for external DC blocks and RF port matching. Visit www.CustomMMIC.com.

Form-in-Place Thermal Compound Sets Benchmark Fujipoly’s new SARCON SPG-50A sets a new performance standard for form-in-place gap filler materials by delivering a thermal conductivity of 5.0 W/m°K. In addition, the new silicone-based compound exhibits ultra-low compression force making it ideal for applications that have delicate components or low compression requirements. The form stable SPG-50A material fills large gaps around fragile circuit board solder points without causing damage or loss in performance and efficiently transfers heat from any board-level source to a nearby heat sink or heat spreader. Fujipoly’s newest thermal compound will not cause corrosion on metal surfaces, and maintains all initial properties across a wide temperature range (-40C

to + 150C). SARCON® SPG-50A is available in easy-to-use tubes or syringes. For more information, contact Frank Hobler, Fujipoly America Corp., 900 Milik St., Carteret, NJ 07008-0119, phone: 1-732-969-0100, or visit www.fujipoly.com.

API New Family of Current Sensors/Transformers API Technologies Corp. reports the availability of its new 5300 series of current sensors and transformers that measure a wide range of AC currents by transforming them accurately from high to low measurable values.

API’s 5300 series current sensors feature a wide primary current range of 3.5A to 800A, and are available in several types of current transformers, including low phase/high accuracy and high frequency. Current transformers have a wide operating frequency range of 20kHz-100kHz and can be totally encapsulated, with or without wound primary turns and loading resistor. All current sensors and transformers are built to meet the relevant UL, ANSI, VDE, CE, and MIL standards. API also offers EMRL current transformers which were designed to comply with standards for electrical and electronic measuring test equipment. For more information, visit www.apitech.com.

ADI RD Transceiver for Software Defined Radio Analog Devices has introduced an RF transceiver which it says will bring software defined radio (SDR) to defence electronics, instrumentation and communications infrastructure. The AD9361 RF Agile Transceiver has already been used by a National Instruments-owned company in a software-defined radio system. The AD9361 transceiver integrates an RF front-end, mixed-signal baseband section, frequency synthesisers, two analogue-to-digital converters and two direct conversion receivers. It is designed to operate over a frequency range of 70MHz to 6GHz. It supports channel bandwidth from less than 200kHz to 56MHz. Two high-dynamic-range A/D converters per channel digitize the received I and Q signals and pass them through

configurable decimation filters and 128-tap FIR filters to produce a 12-bit output signal at the appropriate sample rate. For more information, visit www.mouser.com/Analog-Devices.

Electromagnetic News Report January / February 2014

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ENR January / February 2014

Index of Advertisers

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April 24-26 – 5th International Conference on Electromagnetic Fields, Health and Environment, Porto Palacia Cogress Hotel & Spa, Porto, Portugal. Includes new developments and trends on electromagnetic field analysis, simulation and application with significance to human health. Info: Visit www.apdee.org/conferences/ehe2014/.

May 13-16 – 2014 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Hitotsubashi Hall, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. Organized by The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, Communications Society. Topics include EMC measurements; high power and high voltage EMC; EMC management and standards; chip, immunity / susceptibility, ESD and transients; as well as shielding, grounding and materials. Info: Visit www.ieice.org/~emc14/.

May 14-16 – NEMO 2014: IEEE International Conference on Numerical Electromagnetic Modeling and Optimization for RF, Microwave, and Terahertz Applications, the University of Pavia, Patvia, Italy. Brings together experts and practitioners of computational electromagnetics for RF, microwave, and terahertz applications. Info: Visit http://nemo-ieee.org.

May 25-28 – CEFC 2014: 16th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation, Imperial Palace, Annecy, France. Discusses the latest developments in modeling and simulation methodologies for analysis of electromagnetic fields and wave interactions, with the application emphasis on computer-aided design of low and high frequency devices, components and systems. Info: Visit www.cefc2014.org.

May 26-30 – 17th Electromagnetic Launch Technology Symposium, Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines, San Diego, California. Biennial event focuses on accelerating macroscopic objects or projectiles to hypervelocities using electromagnetic or electrothermochemical launchers. Info: Visit www.emlsymposium.com.

July 13-17 – ANTEM 2014: 16th International Symposium on Antenna Technology and Applied Electromagnetics, Hotel Grand Pacific, Victoria, BC, Canada. An international forum for the exchange of information on state-of-the-art research in antennas, propagation, and electromagnetic engineering. Info: http://antem.ee.umanitoba.ca

August 3-8 – IEEE EMC Society Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Raleigh Convention Center, Raleigh, North Carolina. Symposium provides excellent resources for EMC, design, and compliance engineers. Technical program offers EMC information with papers backed by solid

research and development by industry-leading experts. Workshop provides practical real-world tools fo engineers and technicians dealing with EMC. Exhibition shows the largest array of EMC products and services. The Global EMC University provides continuing education credits. Includes Signal Integrity/Power Integrity conference. Info: Visit http://2014emc.org.

August 24-29 – CPEM 2014: Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements, Windsor Barra Hotel, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Devoted to topics related to electromagnetic measurements at the highest accuracy levels including the frequency spectrum from dc through the optical region. Focuses on quantum devices that relate electrical standards to fundamental constants and the international system of units. Info: Visit www2.inmetro.gov.br/cpem2014/.

September 1-4 – EMC Europe, The Swedish Exhibition & Congress Center, Gothenburg, Sweden. Includes electromagnetic environment; lightning; intentional EMI and EMP; high power electromagnetics; ESD; transmission lines; cables; crosstalk; coupling; shielding; gasketing and filtering; grounding; measurement and instrumentation; as well as emission and immunity. Info: Visit www.emceurope2014.org.

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