Electromagnetic Business Bias

8/10/2019 Electromagnetic Business Bias

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BUSINESS BIAS AS USUAL: THE CASE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC POLLUTION

Angelo Gino Levis1,3, Valerio Gennaro2,3, Spiridione Garbisa1

1 Department of Expermenta! Bome"#a! S#en#e$% Me"#a! S#&oo! of Pa"o'a%

Pa"o'a% Ita!() Natona! Can#er Re$ear#& In$tt*te% Geno'a% Ita!(+ S#entf# Commttee% Internatona! So#et( of Do#tor$ for t&e En'ronment% ISDE%

Ita!(

INDE,

1- INTRODUCTION- PROTECTING HUMAN HEALTH OR PROTECTING

BUSINESS; HOW TO IDENTIFY THE BUSINESS BIAS p- +

2. CONFLICTS OF INTERESTS AND LIMITS OF E,POSURE TO NON.IONI/ING

ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS 0EMF p- 2

+- RESIDENTIAL AND OCCUPATIONAL E,POSURES TO ELF3EMF+-1- C&!"&oo" !e*4ema$% t*mor$ n a"*!t$% ne*ro"e5enerat'e

"$or"er$ an" a#*te "$ea$e$ p- 6+-)- Crt#$m of t&e po$ton$ &e!" 7( IARC% ICNIRP% EC an" 8HO p- 19+-+- T&e nno'at'e po$ton of t&e Ita!an #'! ma5$tra#( p- 11

2- MOBILE PHONES AND HEAD TUMORS: A REPRESENTATIE CASE p- 1+

;- STATISTICAL RELATIONSHIPS BET8EEN POSITIE OR NEGATIE RESULTS

AND PUBLIC OR PRIATE FUNDING% IN STUDIES ON EMF EFFECTS p- 1*en#e$ EM% e!e#troma5net#EMF% e!e#troma5net# fe!"$ EP% E*ropean Par!ament EU% E*ropean Unon IARC%Internatona! A5en#( for Re$ear#& on Can#er ICNIRP% Internatona! Comm$$on for

Non.Ionn5 Ra"aton Prote#ton MMF% Mo7!e Man*fa#t*rer$ For*m MP% mo7!ep&one T% m#roTe$!a OR% o""$ rato RF% ra"ofre>*en#e$ SCENIHR% S#entf#Commttee on Emer5n5 an" Ne!( I"entfe" Hea!t& R$4 0EC $-$- $tat$t#a!!($5nf#ant 3m% 'o!t$3meter 8HO% 8or!" Hea!t& Or5anaton

A#4no!e"5ement$: fnan#a! $*pport from Un'er$t( of Pa"o'a% Ita!(- T&ea*t&or$ $& to t&an4 Dr S*$an B55n for 'a!*a7!e $*55e$ton$ an"!an5*a5e3e"tora! np*t n preparaton of t&e man*$#rpt-

Spe#a! t&an4$ are "*e to Petro Fr5ato an" Smona Gennaro for t&er 'a!*a7!e$*55e$ton$

Conf!#t$ of ntere$t$: t&e a*t&or$ "e#!are t&e( "o not &a'e an( #onf!#t ofntere$t-

2


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1- INTRODUCTION- PROTECTING HUMAN HEALTH OR PROTECTING BUSINESS;

HOW TO IDENTIFY THE BUSINESS BIAS

A7o*t ;9 (ear$ a5o% Loreno Tomat$ ant#pate" t& 7tterne$$% 7*t at t&e

$ame tme t&e #!art( an" optm$m t&at "$tn5*$& t&e #ompetent re$ear#&er

t&at t&e or!" of re$ear#& #on$$t$ of a fe "oen peop!e &o rea!!( matter% a

$ma!! 5ro*p of tr*$te" or4er$% a $5nf#ant n*m7er of *nnforme" an" a #o&ort of

*n$#r*p*!o*$ profteer$% tr*e 'o!ator$ ----01- I"entf(n5 'o!ator$ an" profteer$

&o$e 5oa! $ to promote #areer an" 7*$ne$$ rat&er t&an perform &one$t re$ear#&

$ not an ea$( ta$4 t $ m*#& $mp!er% n$tea"% to #arr( o*t 5oo" re$ear#& an"

"entf( an( $t*"e$ t&at are fa*!t( or 7a$e"- T&$ $% of #o*r$e% a re$ear#&er$ man

5oa!-

In"ee"% for man( (ear$ 7e$t pra#t#e n 7ot& en'ronmenta! an" o##*patona!ep"emo!o5( 0) &a$ 7een e!! e$ta7!$&e"- B*t at t&e $ame tme t&e #orre#t *$e

of t&e$e met&o"$ $ not ro*tne!( app!e"% a fa!*re re5retta7!( 7orne o*t 7(

n*mero*$ $t*"e$ on expo$e" or4er$ 0n o! refnere$% petro#&em#a!$% et#- or

m!tar( per$onne! 0expo$e" to "ep!ete" *ran*m et#-% or peop!e !'n5 n po!!*te"

area$ 0from n"*$tra! p!ant$% et#-- Moreo'er% t&e fn"n5$ of $t*"e$ #arre"

o*t t& t&e 7eneft of #orporate f*n"n5 often $&o t&at a pop*!aton expo$e" to

$ome o##*patona! or en'ronmenta! r$4 fa#tor% or to part#*!ar p&arma#o!o5#a!

treatment$% $ &ea!t&er t&an t&e #ontro! pop*!aton 0of #o*r$e% on!( *nt! tr*!(

n"epen"ent $t*"e$ are #arre" o*t t&e$e often *n#o'ern5 'er( "fferent re$*!t$-8t& t&e am of &5&!5&tn5 an" #orre#tn5 t&$ #ommon fa!*re% a more re#ent

art#!e ponte" o*t 1; error$ an" 7a$% $o ena7!n5 ep"emo!o5$t$ to $teer #!ear of

t&e mo$t $ero*$ "a5no$t# error po$$7!e% -e-% reportn5 a $#4 pop*!aton a$

&ea!t&( 0+-

T&$ $ero*$ *n"ere$tmaton of t&e ep"emo!o5#a! r$4 of "$ea$e #an 7e

pro"*#e" n 5oo" or 7a" fat&- T&e !atter . terme" business bias n o##*patona!

an" en'ronmenta! ep"emo!o5( . #an 7e *n"er$too" a$ a ntentona! $t*"( 7a$%

$pe#f#a!!( $et *p to prort$e 7ot& e#onom# an" #areer.re!ate" am7ton$ o'er

$#entf# re$ear#&% &o$e nat*ra! 'o#aton $&o*!" 7e mpro'ement of &*man&ea!t&- In !ater $t*"e$% ot&er a*t&or$ &a'e #!ear!( $&on examp!e$ of &o &at $

#on$"ere" health-oriented research #o*!" n fa#t t*rn nto business or funds-

oriented research 02- To"a(% t&ere are no ); pont$ n p!a#e of t&e ear!er 1;

pont$% an" t $ n#rea$n5!( #!ear t&at t&e 7*$ne$$ 7a$ $$*e &a$ 7e#ome a ne

r$4 fa#tor for t&e &ea!t& of pop*!aton$ 0;- In#on$$ten#e$% #ontra"#ton$ an"

om$$on$ #an ea$!( 7e "entfe" 7( #aref*!!( rea"n5 a!! t&e $e#ton$ of a

$#entf# art#!e- F*rt&ermore% t&ere $ a #!ear!( not#ea7!e% te!!.ta!e n#on$$ten#(

n t&e #ontra$t 7eteen t&e #a!mne$$ of t&e #on#!*$on of a $t*"( 0t&e part t&at $

a!a($ rea" an" t&e a!arm e'"ent n ot&er $e#ton$ 0t&o$e often "$re5ar"e":

matera!$% met&o"$ an" re$*!t$-

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)- CONFLICTS OF INTERESTS AND LIMITS OF E,POSURE TO NON.IONI/INGELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS 0EMF

D$#*$$on on t&e nee" to mnme expo$*re to EMF 0fre>*en#( ran5e: 9.+99GH &a$ for o'er &a!f a #ent*r( 7een $p!t 7eteen to rre#on#!a7!e po$ton$-

On t&e one &an" a #on$er'at'e $tan#e% roote" n t&e "efnton of expo$*re !mt$fxe" $n#e t&e m".;9$ on t&e 7a$$ of t&e a$$*mpton t&at t&e on!( effe#t$ of EMF"an5ero*$ to t&e &*man &ea!t& are t&e a#*te effe#t$% re$*!tn5 from to t&e pa$$a5eof e!e#tr# #*rrent or o'er&eatn5: $tm*!aton of m*$#!e$ an" erp&era! ner'e$%$&o#4$% 7*rn$% &eatn5 of $*rfa#e t$$*e$- Smp!e a'o"an#e of t&e$e effe#t$ o*!"en$*re t&e $afene$$ of expo$*re to EMF1.T&$ po$ton

1 Do#*ment$ p*7!$&e" $n#e 1*ate expo$*re !mt$ for prote#tn5 &*man &ea!t& tota!!(5norn5 expermenta! an" ep"emo!o5#a! e'"en#e &a$ 7een "e!( reporte"- T&e ACGIH &a$'er( #!o$e te$ t& pr'ate n"*$tr( an"% of t&e o'er =99 t&re$&o!" 'a!*e$ $et 7( t&e ACGIH% at !ea$t199 are 7a$e" ex#!*$'e!( on t&e opnon of n"*$tr( expert$% t&o*t an( expermenta! $*pport 0D-Da'$: JLa Stora Se5reta "e! Can#roK p-+;6 Co"#e e"-% T*rn% Ita!( )99- A$ re5ar"$ t&e ntere$t$ oft&e Amer#an m!tar( 7o"e$ n t&e "e'e!opment of RF% e #an note t&e report 7( t&e Natona!A#a"em( of S#en#e$ . Natona! Re$ear#& Co*n#! 0JAn A$$e$$ment of Non.Let&a! 8eapon$S#en#e an" Te#&no!o5(K 7( t&e Na'a! St*"e$ Boar"% D'$on of En5neern5 an" P&($#a!S#en#e$ Natona! A#a"em( Pre$$ )99): ).1+- In t&$ report% t&e $e#ton on JDre#te".Ener5( NonLet&a! 8eapon$K $tate$ t&at: JT&e fr$t RF non.!et&a! eapon$ are 7a$e" on a 7op&($#a!$*$#ept7!t( 4non empr#a!!( for "e#a"e$- T&e &eatn5 a#ton of RF $5na!$ $ e!! *n"er$too"

an" #an 7e t&e 7a$$ for $e'era! a""tona! "re#te".ener5( eapon$- Leap.a&ea" non.!et&a!eapon$ te#&no!o5e$ !! pro7a7!( 7e 7a$e" on more $*7t!e &*man.RF ntera#ton$ n & t&e$5na! nformaton t&n t&e RF expo$*re #a*$e$ an effe#t ot&er t&an $mp!( &eatn5: for examp!e%$t*n% $e*re% $tart!e an" "e#rea$e" $pontaneo*$ a#t't(K- T&$ a"m$$on 7( t&e Na'a! St*"e$Boar" #onfrm$ t&at: J1 $ome of t&e$e non.t&erma! effe#t$ #an 7e eapone" t& 7oeffe#t$ t&atare n#ontro'ert7!( a"'er$e to &ea!t& ) t&ere &a$ 7een 4no!e"5e for "e#a"e$ a7o*t t&e$*$#ept7!t( of &*man 7en5$ to non.t&erma! !e'e!$ of RF expo$*re + t&e #on#ept t&at RF ntera#t$t& &*man$ 7a$e" on t&e RF nformaton #ontent 0$5na! nformaton rat&er t&an &eatn5% $o t #ano##*r at $*7t!e ener5( !e'e!$% not at &5& !e'e!$ a$$o#ate" t& t$$*e &eatn5 $ e!! e$ta7!$&e" 2a "e"#ate" $#entf# re$ear#& effort $ prom$n5 eno*5& for #ontn*e" fe"era! f*n"n5K0BoIntat'e Report: JA Ratona!e for a Bo!o5#a!!( Ba$e" P*7!# Expo$*re Stan"ar" forE!e#troma5net# Fe!"$: ELF an" RFK% )996: Se#ton 2: JE'"en#e for Ina"e>*a#( of t&e Stan"ar"$K:

11.1) www.bioinitiative.org/- T&e ma5ane JNex*$K 0no- =


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a$ a5ree" on at t&e en" of t&e *en#e$ 0199 4H . +99 GH: RF% ra"ofre>*en#e$:ra"o3T an" mo7!e te!ep&on( em$$on$- For or4er$% t&e J$afe !mt$K are ;99 Tfor ELF3EMF an" 1+6 3m for RF3EMF+% re$pe#t'e!(- For t&e ICNIRP% t&e a#*te effe#t$

t& t&erma! or5n are t&e on!( EMF effe#t$ &armf*! to t&e &*man &ea!t& t&at &a'e$pe#f#a!!( 7een "etermne"% &!e ot&er effe#t$ n part#*!ar !on5.term effe#t$an" 7o!o5#a! effe#t$ of non.t&erma! or5n are na"e>*ate!( "o#*mente" or5'e #ontra"#tor( re$*!t$% for & rea$on t&e( &a'e 7een ex#!*"e" from#on$"eraton &en $ettn5 expo$*re !mt$- T&e po$ton an" !mt$ "efne" 7( t&eICNIRP &a'e 7een a##epte" 7( t&e prn#pa! or5anaton$ o'er$een5 &ea!tare% n#!*"n5 t&e 8HO% a$ e!! a$ 7( man( natona! $#entf# #ommttee$ an"t&e E*ropean Comm$$on 0EC2-

t&e US Defen$e Department 0UDD $ &ar" to 7e!e'e: n Ma( )99= t&e Ar For#e pro'"e" a tota! ofUS )2 m!!on n #ontra#t$ for JRe$ear#& an" De'e!opmentK 0RD on EMF to Nort&rop Gr*mman%o$$ S#entf#% Lo#4&ee" Martn% E!e#troMa5net# App!#aton$% an" ot&er pr'ate #ompane$-A!rea"( n 1*ate n*m7er of repetton$K% Jnot $5nf#antK%or J#arre" o*t *n"er #on"ton$ of $a7!e t&erma! n#rea$eK% e'en t&o*5& t&e$e #rt#$m$ ere>*te n'a!"-

3ICNIRP G*"e!ne$: Hea!t& P&($#$% 1


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On t&e ot&er &an"% a !ar5e part of t&e $#entf# #omm*nt( e$pe#a!!( &eret&ere $ no #on$trant from f*n"n5 7( man*fa#t*rer$ or mana5er$3operator$ of t&ete#&no!o5e$ #on#erne" mantan$ a J#a*tonar(K po$ton 7a$e" on app!#atonof t&e Pre#a*tonar( Prn#p!e an" t&e ne#e$$t( to mnme EMF expo$*re$- T&$po$ton $ ?*$tfe" 7( 7ot& ep"emo!o5#a! an" expermenta! "ata- T&e former

"ata "o#*mente" after expo$*re of &*man $*7?e#t$ to EMF $o ea4 a$ to 7ea7!e to ex#!*"e an( $5nf#ant &eatn5 $&o mme"ate an" !on5.term &ea!t&effe#t$ n#!*"n5 t*mor$ an" #an#er$% &!e t&e !atter "ata re'ea! 7o!o5#a! effe#t$on in vitro $($tem$% anma!$ an" &*man 'o!*nteer$% n"#atn5 mo!e#*!ar% #e!!*!aran" f*n#tona! me#&an$m$ $*pportn5 a 7o!o5#a! p!a*$7!t( 0$ee 7ox 1- T&e

fo!!on5 (ear$% IRPA% INIRC an" 8HO #o!!a7orate" on "e'e!opn5 t&e 5*"e!ne #rtera forprote#ton of &*man &ea!t& from EMF- Fna!!(% at t&e Montrea! #onferen#e of 1


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#a*tonar( !mt$ $*55e$te" for t&e pop*!aton are !oer 7( a7o*t to or"er$ ofma5nt*"e t&an t&o$e $et 7( t&e ICNIRP: 9-1.9-) T 0rat&er t&an 199 for ELF3EMFan" 9-;.9-= 3m 0rat&er t&an )6.=1 for RF3EMF;-

+- RESIDENTIAL AND OCCUPATIONAL E,POSURES TO ELF3EMF

3.1. C&!"&oo" !e*4ema$% t*mor$ n a"*!t$% ne*ro"e5enerat'e "$or"er$ an"a#*te "$ea$e$.IARC$ mono5rap& no- 93)99) on t&$ top# 0= $ 7a$e" on "oen$of n#rea$n5!( $op&$t#ate" $t*"e$% p!*$ to poo!e" ana!($e$- T&e fr$t of t&e$eto 06 n#!*"e$ nne #aref*!!( #on"*#te" $t*"e$ an" $&o$ a $tat$t#a!!($5nf#ant 0$-$- "o*7!n5 of t&e r$4 of #ontra#tn5 #&!"&oo" !e*4ema t&ro*5&expo$*re at &ome to poer !ne$% n t&e pre$en#e of MF e>*a! to or 5reater t&an9-2 T% re!at'e to t&o$e expo$e" to !e$$ t&an 9-1 T 0OR)-99 *ate n*m7er of repetton$K or $ometme$ are e'en parta!!( pro#e$$e" toma4e t&em $&o appear Jnot $5nf#antK- F*rt&ermore% man( of t&e mem7er$ of t&e$e #ommttee$&a'e #!ear #onf!#t$ of ntere$t$ e'en t&o*5& t&e( "e#!are t&at t&e f*n"n5 re#e'e" from t&e#ompane$ t& ntere$t$ n t&e area #on#erne" "oe$ not repre$ent an( #onf!#t of ntere$t$-

5From 1


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$5nf#ant n#rea$e n t&e $ame t(pe of r$4 for expo$*re$ a7o'e 9-+ T 0OR1-6*pment 0#omp*ter$% p&oto#oper$% fax ma#&ne$% '"eo."$p!a( *nt$ #a*$e$$m*!taneo*$ expo$*re to ELF3EMF an" RF3EMF% an" e'a!*aton of t&e #ontr7*tonfrom t&e$e 'aro*$ EM $o*r#e$ $&o$ t&e nee" to mnme expo$*re to t&$e>*pment% to a'o" &armf*! effe#t$ to t&e &ea!t& from *$n5 t&em 019-

Table 1- C&!"&oo" !e*4ema$ n re$"enta! expo$*re$ to ELF3EMF

Authors reference year OR 95% CI x1

Wertheimer N. and Leeper E. Am. J. Epidemiol. 109: 273-284 1979 3.0 1.1-8.1 > 0.30

a!it" #.A. et al. Am. J. Epidemiol. 128: 21-38 1988 3.8 1.2-11.7 > 0.30

London .J. et al. Am. J. Epidemiol. 134: 923-937 1991 2.2 1$1-4.3 > 0.1%

8


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&l'en J.(. et al. )rit. *ed. J. 307: 891-89% 1993 %.+ 1.+-19.0 > 0.40

,ehtin/ *. and Ahlom A. Am. J. Epidemiol. 138: 4+7-481 1993 3.8 1.4-9.3 > 0.30

o/hill .W. et al. Er. J. aner re!. %: 1%3-1%8 199+ 4.$7 1.2-27.8 > 0.20

*ihaeli' J. et al. Epidemiolo/ 9: 92-94 1997 3.8 1.2-11.9 > 0.20

Linet *.. et al. Ne5 En/l. J. *ed. 337: 1-7 1997 3.3 1.2-9.4 > 0.40

Li .6. et al. J. &p. En!iron. *ed. 40: 144-147 1998 2.7 1.1-%.+ 100 m

2

Lanet 3%4: 192%-1931 1999 2.$4 1.2-%.1 > 0.1-0.2reen L.*. et al. aner a'e' ontrol 10: 233-243 1999 4.$% 1.3-1%.9 > 0.14

reen L.*. et al. ;nt. J. aner 82: 1+1-170 1999 3.% 1.1-10.% > 0.1%

)ianhi N. et al. 0.10

h" J. et al. ;nt. J. aner 91: 728-73% 2001 3.2 1.3-7.8 > 0.20

h" J. et al. ;nt. J. aner 91: 728-73% 2001 %.% 1.2-27.0 > 0.40

#raper . et al. )r. J. *ed. 330: 1290-1293 200% 1.7 1.1-2.% 200 m

#raper . et al. )r. J. *ed. 330: 1290-1293 200% 1.2 1.02-1.% 200-+00 m

ato *. et al. ;nt. J. aner$ 119: +43-+%0 200+ 4.7 1.2-19.0 > 0.40

1,or e=po're' in < or ?or di'tane in m ?rom the po5er line'@ 2 hildhood aner td ;n!e'ti/ator'

Table 2- T*mor$ n a"*!t$ n o##*patona! an" re$"enta! expo$*re$ to ELF3EMF*o't o? the data re?er to e=po're' 5ith *, !ale' o?1-%


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#a$e$ $-$-% of ne*ro"e5enerat'e "$ea$e$ 01): !atera! amotrop $#!ero$$ 01+%Par4n$on$ "$ea$e 012% an" A!&emer$ "$ea$e 01;% n $*7?e#t$ t&o##*patona! expo$*re to ELF3EMF- T&e n#rea$e n r$4 $ fo*n" at ma5net# fe!"!e'e!$ #ompara7!e t& t&o$e pre$ent n $ome re$"enta! $t*aton$ 09-).;-9 T-

Fna!!(% a n*m7er of t(pe$ of t*mor% pre.neop!a$t# effe#t$ an" $(ner5$t#

ntera#ton$ t& #&em#a! an" p&($#a! #ar#no5en$ &a'e 7een o7$er'e" nro"ent$ rra"ate" t& ELF3EMF n t&e !a7orator(% at MF !e'e!$ #orre$pon"n5 nman 7earn5 n mn" t&e "fferent #on"ton$ of expo$*re an" !fetme . to 9-+ Tn re$"enta! expo$*re to poer !ne$ 01=-

A n*m7er of me#&an$m$ of 7o!o5#a! a#ton &a'e a!$o 7een "entfe" t&at#o*!" exp!an t&e n"*#ton of $&ort. an" !on5.term effe#t$ of t&e ELF3EMF% po$$7!(n a$$o#aton t& pre"$po$ton t&ro*5& 5enet# fa#tor$: 016% Box 1

Box 1- Non.t&erma! 7o!o5#a! effe#t$ of EMF $*pportn5 t&e p!a*$7!t( of apo$$7!e #ar#no5en# a#ton of t&e$e ra"aton$-

1 a!teraton of t&e $(nt&e$$ of t&e &ormone me!atonn% n'o!'e" n t&e

"ea#t'aton of perox"e ra"#a!$% & pro"*#e DNA "ama5e tr55ern5#ar#no5ene$$

) $tm*!aton of Fenton$ rea#ton% t& #on$e>*ent n#rea$e n "ama5e "*e tofree ra"#a!$ on 7o!o5#a! ma#romo!e#*!e$

+ mo"f#aton of t&e permea7!t( of t&e #e!! mem7rane an" #on$e>*enta!teraton of t&e f!o of 7o!o5#a!!( mportant on$% n part#*!ar #a!#*m

2 mo"f#aton of t&e 7ran$ e!e#tr#a! a#t't( an" of t&e permea7!t( of t&e&emato.en#ep&a!# mem7rane% t& #on$e>*ent "ama5e to t&e #ere7ra!

ne*ron$ an" a!teraton of t&e f*n#tonn5 of t&e #ere7ra! ne*rore#eptor$ an"ne*rotran$mtter$

; a!teraton of t&e f*n#tonn5 of t&e mm*ne $($tem= n&7ton of apopto$$ 0pro5ramme" #e!! "eat&6 expre$$on of &eat $&o#4 proten$ 5enet# an" ep5enet# effe#t$


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T&e #!a$$f#aton of ELF3EMF 0Gro*p )B "etermne" 7( t&e IARC or4n55ro*p n )991 $ $t!! *p&e!" to"a( 7( 8HO3EC3ICNIRP an" ot&er natona!or5anaton$-

+-+- T&e nno'at'e po$ton of t&e Ita!an #'! ma5$tra#(- T&e !mt$ p*t forar" 7(

t&e nternatona! a5en#e$ an" e'en t&o$e $et 7( !a $&o*!" not 7e t&e on!( pont$of referen#e n t&e #ontro'er$( on t&e po$$7!e "ama5e to &*man &ea!t& "er'n5from expo$*re to ELF3EMF: t&$ a$ e$ta7!$&e" 7( Senten#e *ent!( 7een emp&a$e" n t&e $enten#e$ of 'aro*$ Co*rt #a$e$:M!an 2+=63)99+ Potena 1*ent!(%ep"emo!o5#a! "ata are &ar"!( e'er #on#!*$'e ; t&ere $ a &5&er per#enta5e 0from !e$$ t&an19Q n t&e 69$ to o'er +9Q n t&e *en#( Fe!"$% $pon$ore" 7( t&e 8HO% ICNIRPan" t&e 8or!" La7or Or5anaton- T&e report% $5ne" 7( t&e ne &ea" of 8HO$ EMF Pro?e#t E- 'anDe'enter% a$ a#t*a!!( p*t to5et&er n O#to7er )99; 7( a or4n5 5ro*p &o$e mem7er$ n#!*"e"$#ent$t$ t& #onf!#t$ of ntere$t$ 0M- Repa#&o!% L- &efet$% A- A&!7om% C- o&an$en% - **t!anen%R- Matt&e$% E- an Ron5en% P- e##&a- F*rt&ermore% t a$ prepare"% n #!ear #onf!#t t& 8HOan" ICNIRP prn#p!e$% n t&e pre$en#e an" t& t&e #ontr7*ton of Jo7$er'er$K from e!e#tr#t(#ompane$ of t&e US APRI% U 0Natona! Gr" Tran$#o% Cana"a 0H("ro.*7e#% Fran#e 0EDF Ga%apan 0apan NUS Co- an" Bra! 0E!e#tr# Ener5( Re$ear#& Center- T&e report note$ t&at t&ere $

no ?*$tf#aton &at$oe'er for app!#aton of t&e Pre#a*tonar( Prn#p!e to ELF3EMF: t&ere $ a !a#4of #!ear e'"en#e of et&er !on5.term effe#t$ 0e'en #&!"&oo" !e*4ema$ or a#*te non.t&erma!effe#t$- Con$e>*ent!(% a $n5!e !mt $ app!e" of 199 T to 5'e prote#ton from J#!ear!("o#*mente"K effe#t$% -e- on!( $&ort.t&erm 7o!o5#a! t&erma! effe#t$V

11


12/33

ar$en + o7$er'aton of t&e !mt$ $et 7( t&e re5*!aton$ n for#e "oe$ not ma4eexpo$*re$ to ELF3EMF n t&em$e!'e$ !e5a! an" #ompat7!e t& t&e prote#ton oft&e r5&t to &ea!t&- In$tea"% a##o*nt $&o*!" 7e ta4en of t&e #on$tt*tona!re!e'an#e of t&e r5&t to &ea!t& 0Art- +) of t&e Con$tt*ton an" of t&e #on$e>*ent!e'e! of prote#ton% ne#e$$ar!( pre'a!n5 o'er free"om of enterpr$e pro'"e" for

7( Art#!e 21 of t&e Con$tt*ton Art#!e $tatn5 t&at: JPr'ate e#onom# en"ea'or $free 7*t ma( not 7e #arre" o*t n #onf!#t t& $o#a! *t!t( or n an( a( t&at#omprom$e$ $afet(% free"om or &*man "5nt(K an" t&at: JT&e !a "etermne$ t&epro5ram$ an" approprate #ontro!$ n $*#& a a( t&at p*7!# an" pr'ate a#t't(#an 7e "re#te" toar"$ an" #oor"nate" for $o#a! en"$K 2 t&e $#a!e of 'a!*e$$et o*t 7( t&e Con$tt*ton $&o*!" a!$o n#!*"e t&e Pre#a*tonar( Prn#p!e% a$pro'"e" for 7( Art#!e 162 of t&e EU Treat(% & $&o*!" 7e #on$"ere" part of t&enatona! re5*!aton$ ; n #a$e$ of "o*7t a$ to !e'e! of r$4% t&e Pre#a*tonar(Prn#p!e re>*re$ t&e a"opton of t&e mo$t #on$er'at'e arran5ement #on$$tentt& mnmn5 r$4% &ere ne#e$$ar( optn5 for Jero r$4K = &ere a n*m7er of

ep"emo!o5#a! $t*"e$ &a'e $&on a $5nf#ant n#rea$e n r$4% t&e em$$on$$&o*!" 7e #on$"ere" "an5ero*$% e'en t&o*5& t&e me#&an$m$ of a#ton are $t!!not 4non- Here n fa#t t&e #a*$a!t( !n4 #an on!( 7e "etermne" n term$ ofpro7a7!t(


13/33

2- MOBILE PHONES AND HEAD TUMORS: A REPRESENTATIE CASE

T&e or!""e $prea" of t&e *$e of mo7!e p&one$ 0MP$: ana!o5 an" "5ta!#e!!*!ar$% an" #or"!e$$ &a$ &e5&tene" #on#ern$ a7o*t po$$7!e a"'er$e effe#t$%

e$pe#a!!( &ea" t*mor$- A##or"n5 to t&e Internatona! Te!e#omm*n#aton$ Unon%t&e n*m7er of #e!!p&one $*7$#rpton$ &a$ rea#&e" ; 7!!on 0m" )919% t& o'er&a!f of a!! *$er$ t&o*5&t to 7e #&!"ren an" (o*n5 a"*!t$- T&ere are no "ata for#or"!e$$ *$er$% 7*t a f5*re of ) 7!!on $ a rea$ona7!e a$$*mpton- G'en t&e$ef5*re$% e'en an e$ta7!$&e" mo"e$t n#rea$e 0)9.+9Q n t*mor r$4 for MP *$er$o*!" re$*!t n $5nf#ant $o#a! an" &ea!t& #o$t$ an" n"'"*a! $*ffern5% &!e&5&er r$4$ #o*!" 5'e r$e to a &ea!t& #r$$ of "ramat# proporton$- 8&!e mo$tte#&no!o5e$ #arr( r$4$% t&e$e $&o*!" 7e a$$e$$e" a##*rate!( an" re$pon$7!(-

8&et&er or not t&ere $ a re!aton$&p 7eteen MP *$e an" &ea" t*mor r$4 $ $t!!a matter of "e7ate- On t&e one &an" t&ere are% re$ear#&er$ &o re#o5ne t&e

'a!"t( of po$t'e re$*!t$ $*#& a$ t&o$e 7( L- Har"e!! 01*e$ton $#on#"enta! . t&$ $ 7e#a*$e on#e a te#&no!o5( $ n#!*"e" amon5 t&o$e !a7e!e" a$ &armf*!% t&e

re$pon$7!t( for t 7e#ome$ an a*tomat# #on$e>*en#e of "emon$traton of t&e &arm #a*$e" 0$eea!$o% footnote 1)% n t&e referen#e to t&e $enten#e re5ar"n5 t&e "ama5e 0t*mor #a*$e" 7(ra"aton emtte" 7( MP$--

13


14/33

# t&e !atera!t( of t&e &ea" t*mor !o#a!aton re!at'e to t&e &a7t*a! !atera!t( of MP*$e

" t&e per#enta5e of a#t*a!!( expo$e" $*7?e#t$% 7a$e" on t&e fre>*en#( an""*raton of t&e MP *$e

e t&e n*m7er of $*7?e#t$ $e!e#te" 0#a$e$ an" #ontro!$% an" t&e per#enta5e of t&er

part#paton n t&e $t*"(f t&e "$tr7*ton of t&e re!at'e r$4 'a!*e$ 0OR a7o'e an" *n"er 1% an" t&e

pro7a7!t( t&at $*#& "$tr7*ton m5&t 7e #a$*a!5 t&e f*!! an" #orre#t $e!e#ton an" #taton of "ata n#!*"e" n t&e meta.ana!($e$-

T&e poo!e" ana!($e$ of ep"emo!o5#a! #a$e.#ontro! $t*"e$ 7( Har"e!! 01*ent tt!e: In"#aton$ of po$$7!e 7ran.t*mo*r r$4 nmo7!e.p&one $t*"e$: $&o*!" e 7e #on#erne"W- F*rt&ermore% t&e &5&!( r$4.a$$ert'e re$pon$e of t&e to e"tora! a*t&or$ a$ not 7a$e" on ne expermenta!

"ata% 7*t n$tea" on a #rt#a! re'e of t&e re$*!t$ of t&e Interp&one fna! $t*"( 0)9%to & t&e( t&em$e!'e$ #ontr7*te"- It $eem$ to *$ t&at $*#& a $tan#e repre$ent$ am!e$tone n t&e >*e$t for tr*t&19-

10T&e e"tora! of Car"$ an" Sa"et4 0)2 !ea'e$ !tt!e "o*7t a7o*t t&e re!e'an#e of t&er #rt#$m$%

& e #omment on a$ fo!!o$- 8t&n t&e 16 Interp&one $t*"e$: 1 !e$$ t&an ;Q of tota! #a$e$ &a"#omp!ete" at !ea$t 19 (ear$ of !aten#( or #ontn*e" #e!!p&one *$e% & mean$ t&at o'er *ate expo$*re tme: $n#e n mo$t of t&e t*mor$ examne" t&e !aten#( $ &5& 019.+9(ear$% t&$ $ a fa#tor 5'n5 r$e to J"!*tonK of r$4- T&e per#enta5e of #a$e$ or #ontro!$ expo$e" forat !ea$t 19 (ear$ n t&e Interp&one 0)9 $ 9Q n fo*r $t*"e$% !e$$ t&an ;Q n fo*r $t*"e$% !e$$ t&an 19Qn f'e $t*"e$% not e'en 5'en n one $t*"( Har"e!! "o#*ment$ 1Q of #a$e$ t& expo$*re to MP$of at !ea$t 19 (ear$ ) t&e fa!*re to "entf( t&e p$!atera! t*mor$% ar$n5 on t&e $"e of t&e &ea"

&a7t*a!!( *$e" for #a!!$% man!( n t&e tempora! !o7e & $ expo$e" to


15/33

A""tona! fa#tor$ #ontr7*tn5 to J"!*tonK of r$4 e$tmate$% not reporte" 7(Car"$ an" Sa"et4 n t&er e"tora! Z)2[% are ponte" o*t n o*r re#ent re'e 0);11-

Car"$ an" Sa"et4 "" not !mt t&em$e!'e$ to #rt#$m% 7*t reporte" t&at t&eInterp&one "ata o7tane" *$n5 t&e e$$enta! fa#tor$ for "entf(n5 a #ar#no5en#effe#t "*e to #e!!p&one expo$*re . $5nf#ant tme *$e% #ontn*t( of *$e or !aten#( of

at !ea$t 19 (ear$% an" p$!atera! t*mor "ete#ton $&oe" a $-$- r$e of *p to 199Q5!oma r$4 n f'e $t*"e$ an" t&e $ame $ o7$er'e" for a#o*$t# ne*roma$ 0to$t*"e$ an" parot" 5!an" t*mo*r$ 0one $t*"(- A$ t&e( $tate": JThe overall balanceof the above-$entioned argu$ents suggests the e'istence of a possibleassociation( 7eteen #e!!p&one *$e an" n#rea$e n 7ran t*mor r$41)-

p$!atera! t*mor$% $ome of & n'o!'e" expo$*re for an o'era!! tota! tme or !aten#( of 1; (ear$+ t&e Interp&one proto#o! "efne$ )expo$e" $*7?e#t$ a$ &a'n5 *$e" a #e!!p&one at !ea$t on#e aee4 for at !ea$t $x mont&$ 0& mean$ a!mo$t ne'erV- T&erefore% e'en f a r$4 ex$t$% t $"!*te" 7e#a*$e of t&e "omnan#e% n t&e $amp!e examne"% of $*7?e#t$ expo$e" too !tt!e or not ata!!: t&e a'era5e "a!( *$e of #e!!p&one$ n $*7?e#t$ #on$"ere" expo$e" 7( Interp&one $ ?*$t ).;

mn*te$ a "a(% often for !e$$ t&an ; (ear$- T&e$e "ata o7'o*$!( are 7are!( $5nf#ant re!at'e toto"a($ nten$'e *$e of #e!!p&one$% e$pe#a!!( 7( t&o$e &o *$e t&em for or4 p*rpo$e$ nHar"e!!$ $t*"e$% MP *$e $ reporte" to 7e o'er 1999 &o*r$ for 1


16/33

T&ere are t&erefore man( 7a$ an" f!a$ n t&e non.7!n" Interp&one proto#o!%5'n5 r$e to a $($temat# *n"ere$tmate of t&e r$4% &erea$ t&e 7!n" proto#o! 7(Har"e!! pro"*#n5 po$t'e re$*!t$ $ t&o*t apparent error$% t&e re$*!t$ n"#atn5 a#a*$e.effe#t re!aton$&p $*pporte" 7( 7o!o5#a! p!a*$7!t( 0Box +-

T&e "$#repan#( 7eteen t&e po$t'e "ata of Har"e!! an" t&e ne5at'e "ata

from Interp&one $ a!$o &5&!5&te" 7( t&e a*t&or$% &o performe" a meta.ana!($$of )2 #a$e.#ontro! $t*"e$ 0)=- T&e$e a*t&or$ o7$er'e" an $-$- po$t'e a$$o#aton7eteen MP *$e an" n#rea$e" &ea" #an#er r$4 n 19 $t*"e$ *$n5 7!n"n5 0&5&.>*a!t( $t*"e$% n#!*"n5 $e'en $t*"e$ 7( Har"e!!% ?*$t one 7( Interp&one% an" to7( ot&er 5ro*p$% &erea$ a ne5at'e a$$o#aton 0-e- an apparent prote#t'e

a#o*$t# ne*roma$ amon5 !on5.term 0at !ea$t 19 (ear$ *$er$ of #e!!*!ar an" #or"!e$$ p&one$K%re#ommen"n5 #a*ton n t&e *$e of mo7!e p&one$- Re#ent!(% e'en a ?*"5ment 0=123)99< of t&eAppea! Co*rt La7or Se#ton of Bre$#a% Ita!( re#o5ne" for t&e fr$t tme t&e a$$o#aton 7eteenMP *$e an" n#rea$e" r$4 of &ea" t*mor$- T&e #a$e a$ a ne*rnoma of t&e tr5emna! ner'e ont&e !eft $"e of t&e &ea" n a $*7?e#t &a'n5 7een expo$e" for more t&an ten (ear$ an" more t&an

1;%999 &o*r$ on ana!o5 an" "5ta! #e!!*!ar$ an" #or"!e$$ p&one$- T&$ $*7?e#t a$ n'o!'e"profe$$ona!!( n #*$tomer $er'#e$ of &$ #ompan( emp!o(er: &e a$ r5&t.&an"e" an"% "*rn5 MP#a!!$% *$e" &$ r5&t &an" for ma4n5 note$ an" t&e !eft &an" for &o!"n5 t&e MP$- A$ a re$*!t% t&$t*mor a$ p$!atera! a$ are mo$t of t&o$e Har"e!! "entfe"- T&$ #a$e t&erefore #on#erne" aper$ona! $t*aton &ere t&e expert$ n#!*"n5 one of *$ 0AGL e'a!*ate" t&e pat&o!o5( a$ apro7a7!e #on$e>*en#e of a #a*$a! !n4% e'en f ea4% to t&e $*7?e#t$ expo$*re to MP$- T&$ #arre"e5&t n t&e "e#$on of t&e Co*rt% & re#o5ne" t&at t&ere a$ a !n4 of #a*$a!t(% or at !ea$t ofa #ontr7*tn5 #a*$e% n t&e $en$e t&at expo$*re n t&e or4p!a#e to re!e$$ ra"aton from MP$#ontr7*te" to t&e ma!5nant pat&o!o5(- An" t&$ !e" n t*rn to t&e re#o5nton of an" #ompen$atonfor t&e $*ffern5 of a p&($#a! mparment% & n t&e pre$ent #a$e a$ e'a!*ate" at 9Q- T&ereare to part#*!ar!( ntere$tn5 a$pe#t$ of t&$ $enten#e: 1 *nt! )99% non.onn5 EMF a$n#!*"e" n t&e Jta7!e$ of profe$$ona! "$ea$e$K% an" for an( emp!o(ment n'o!'n5 po$$7!t( of

expo$*re t&$ #o'ere" an n"emnt( of *n!mte" "*raton for appearan#e of t*mor$- Certf#aton oft*mor an" "emon$traton of t&ere &a'n5 7een expo$*re to EMF ra"aton "*rn5 or4 o*!"t&erefore &a'e 7een $*ff#ent for t&e #stituto *a!ionale per l+Assisten!a sugli #nfortuni Lavorativi0INAIL% natona! 7o"( a"n5 or4p!a#e n#"ent $*fferer$ . or t&e !a7o*r Tr7*na! n t&e #a$e of a!e5a! &earn5 to #onfrm pa(ment of #ompen$aton- T&ro*5& "e#ree of


17/33

effe#t a$ o7$er'e" n 12 $t*"e$ not *$n5 7!n"n5 0!o.>*a!t( $t*"e$%n#!*"n5 1) 7( Interp&one% to 7( ot&er 5ro*p$% an(one 7( Har"e!!- E!ement$ nt&e met&o" *$e" to e'a!*ate t&e J>*a!t(K of t&e $t*"e$ ere: a 7!n"or non.7!n" proto#o! 7 pre$en#e or a7$en#e of part#paton an" $e!e#ton 7a$of #a$e$ an" #ontro!$ # re!e'ant or mar5na! MP expo$*re" a"e>*ate or

na"e>*ate !aten#( or o'era!! tme of MP *$e e $#r*tn( of t*mor !atera!t( ff*n"n5 7( n"epen"ent $o*r#e$ or 7( #e!!p&one #ompane$- T&e a*t&or$ rea#& t&efo!!on5 #on#!*$on: 8e fee! t&e nee" to menton t&e f*n"n5 $o*r#e$ for ea#&re$ear#& 5ro*p 7e#a*$e t $ po$$7!e t&at t&e$e ma( &a'e nf!*en#e" t&ere$pe#t'e $t*"( "e$5n$ an" re$*!t$1+-

re$pon$7!t( of t&e man*fa#t*rer n t&e #a$e t&$ $&o*!" 7e &armf*! to t&e *$er$ &ea!t& 0n#!*"n5&ere t&e &arm $ $e'ere-

13T&e Har"e!! 5ro*p a$ $*pporte" on!( 7( 5rant$ from p*7!# 7o"e$% &erea$ t&e Interp&one.re!ate"

$t*"e$ re#e'e" f*n"n5 t&ro*5& t&e *a!t( of Lfe an" Mana5ement of L'n5 Re$o*r#e$ pro5ram oft&e EU an" t&e Internatona! Unon A5an$t Can#er 7*t t&e !atter re#e'e" f*n"n5 for t&e Interp&one$t*"e$ from t&e Mo7!e Man*fa#t*rer$ For*m 0MMF% $ee footnote 1= an" t&e G!o7a! S($tem for Mo7!eComm*n#aton A$$o#aton 0)6- In a""ton to t&e a7o'e f*n"$% $e'era! a*t&or$ part#patn5 n t&eInterp&one $t*"( re#e'e" f*rt&er f*n"n5 from t&er natona! MP #ompane$ 0f'e $t*"e$ or ot&erpr'ate #ompane$ 0t&ree $t*"e$% $*#& t&at a $*7$tanta! porton of t&e Interp&one F*n"n5 f*n"n5#ame from t&e #e!!p&one n"*$tr(- F*rt&ermore% ot&er ne5at'e $t*"e$ &a'e 7een $*pporte" 7( t&e#e!!p&one n"*$tr(: to $t*"e$ ere f*n"e" 7( t&e Ce!!*!ar In"*$tr( Te!e#omm*n#aton$ A$$o#aton'a 8re!e$$ Te#&no!o5( Re$ear#&% &!e anot&er a$ f*n"e" 7( Te!eDanmar4 Mo7!% Sonofon an" t&eInternatona! Ep"emo!o5( In$tt*te . a pr'ate #ompan( operatn5 a$ a #e!!p&one n"*$tr( a"'$er .

an" one 7( Motoro!a- Ne'ert&e!e$$% of t&e 16 a*t&or$ of t&e Interp&one $t*"e$% ten "o not ma4e an("e#!araton a7o*t #onf!#t of ntere$t$% t&ree $tate J#onf!#t of ntere$t$: none "e#!are"K 0t $ not #!ear&et&er t&$ $ from t&e a*t&or$ or from t&e e"tor% &!e fo*r "e#!are J#onf!#t$ of ntere$t$: noneK 0);V

17


18/33

BO ! " #ethodo$oy errors in the Inter&hone neati'e studies () on tumor ris*from #+ use, ased on non-$ind &rotoco$. Re$iai$ity of &ositi'e /arde$$ studies on

tumor ris* from #+ use, ased on 0dou$e-$ind &rotoco$ (19).

1 Inter&hone" inade2uate assessment of the 3reu$ar use of ce$$ &hones0de?ined a' Fat lea't 1 phone all5ee$ ?or at lea't + month'F: 2-% minte'da$ o?ten ?or le'' than % ear'. /arde$$" * 'e i' 'i/ni?iant:?rom o!er 1+ to o!er 32 minda ?or at lea't 10 ear'.

Inter&hone" inade2uate ex&osure or $atency time in relation to the time reKired ?or dia/no'in/ the tmor'

onerned: le'' than % o? a'e' ha!e laten time o? at lea't 10 ear'. /arde$$" 18 o? a'e' 5ere e=po'ed?or or ?rom 10-1% ear'.

! Inter&hone" fai$s to inc$ude cord$ess users$ e!en tho/h the are e=po'ed. /arde$$ inlde' them.

4 Inter&hone" fai$s to inc$ude &eo&$e youner than !,altho/h the are e=po'ed. /arde$$ inlde' them.

5 Inter&hone" fai$s to inc$ude &eo&$e $i'in in rura$ areas, altho/h thi' /rop ha' hi/h e=po're. /arde$$

inlde' them. Inter&hone" fai$s to inc$ude su6ects 7ho had died or 7ere too 7ea*to re'pond to the inter!ie5 arried

ot drin/ po't-operator on!ale'ene. /arde$$ inlde' them.

8 Inter&hone" fai$s to distinuish tumor $atera$ity in re$ation to $atera$ity of #+ use. /arde$$" tmor

lateralit i' al5a' on'idered in relation to *-'e lateralit.

Inter&hone" fai$s to consider other ty&es of ma$inant and enin head tumor$ exce&t of astrocytomas,neuromas and meniniomas. /arde$$" other tpe' o? head tmor are on'idered 'eparatel.

9, 1 Inter&hone" &artici&ation and se$ection ias.


19/33

;- STATISTICAL RELATIONSHIPS BET8EEN POSITIE OR NEGATIE RESULTS AND PUBLICOR PRIATE FUNDING% IN STUDIES ON EMF EFFECTS

Note$ &a'e a!rea"( 7een ma"e of t&e "e5ree of #onf!#t$ of ntere$t$ #ommon!(

fo*n" amon5 re$ear#&er$% $#entf# #on$*!tant$ an" nternatona! or5anaton$% an"t&e en$*n5 #on$e>*en#e$ t&$ $t*aton &a$ on t&e $prea" of "$torte" nformaton%fa'orn5 t&e ntere$t$ of t&e f*n"n5 n"*$tre$- A##or"n5 to Tomat$% t&e met&o"*$e" a$ Jt&e #aref*! an" $($temat# pro"*#ton of re$*!t$% 7ot& expermenta! an"ep"emo!o5#a!% &o$e $o!e p*rpo$e $ to ra$e t&e 7a#45ro*n" no$e% n#rea$n5#onf*$on an" t&ere7( ma4n5 #orre#t a$$e$$ment of r$4 more "ff#*!tK 0) an" Jt&e7e$t a( to &a!t% or at !ea$t "e!a(% a "e#$on of p*7!# &ea!t& $$*e$ $ X- to n?e#t"o*7t$ a7o*t t&e 'a!"t( of "ata t&at are *n#omforta7!( po$t'eK0)*e$ton-

14T&$ $ pre#$e!( t&e p#t*re fo*n" to"a( a$ re5ar"$ a$$e$$ment of r$4$ #orre!ate" to t&e *$e of

MP$% an" more 5enera!!( to re$"enta! an" o##*patona! expo$*re to EMF% 5'en t&at t&eJ#onf*$onK ar$n5 from t&e pro"*#ton of expermenta! an" ep"emo!o5#a! "ata an" t&ernterpretaton 0open to $#entf# "$#*$$on $ f*e!e" 7( t&e $*pport 5'en to t&$ nterpretaton 7(t&e extraor"nar( e7 of $ome a*t&or$ n'o!'ement n t&e a5en#e$ or4n5 n t&e$e area$% an"&o re#e'e fnan#a! $*pport from t&e mo7!e te!ep&on( #ompane$- In ?*$t one examp!e% A-

A&!7om% f5*re of !ea"n5 a*t&ort( of t&e Interp&one JteamK $et *p an" montore" 7( IARC an" nt&e EU p!a($ ma?or ro!e$ n ICNIRP% SCENIHR3EC% t&e Se"$& Ra"aton Prote#ton A5en#(% an" nt&e 8HO$ EMF Pro?e#t--

19


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One $5nf#ant tem of "ata &a$ 7een p*7!$&e" 7( H*$$ 0+1% &o $e!e#te"part#*!ar!( mportant art#!e$ a7o*t t&e 7o!o5#a! an" &ea!t& effe#t$ of MP$- If 1 $t&e a'era5e pro7a7!t( of $-$- re$*!t$ n or4 f*n"e" 7( p*7!# 7o"e$ 0p\9-9;% t&epro7a7!t( of at !ea$t one po$t'e re$*!t n t&o$e f*n"e" 7( t&e #e!!p&one#ompane$ $ a!mo$t ero 0OR9-11 IC


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F5- 1- Re!at'e per#enta5e of re$*!t$% ne5at'e 0n 7!a#4 an" po$t'e 0n re"% from a!! $t*"e$ on&ea!t& effe#t$ of RF3EMF of t&e n"'"*a! top#$% re!at'e to t&e $o*r#e of f*n"n5 0p*7!# or pr'ate-

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EMF Pro?e#t$ re$ear#& prorte$- In"*$tr( f*n"n5 #ontr7*ton$ to natona! an" EUre$ear#& pro?e#t$ $ pro'"e" n $*#& a a( a$ to en$*re #omp!ete $#entf#n"epen"en#e- 8or!""e% n"*$tr( f*n"n5 for EMF &ea!t& effe#t$ $ #ompara7!e top*7!# f*n"n5V

=-)- T&e >*a!t( of rea$$*rn5 opnon$ on &ea!t& r$4$ "*e to EMF- A!! t&e ma?ornatona! an" nternatona! a5en#e$ an" #omm$$on$ are #omprom$e" 7(#onf!#t$ of ntere$t$ an" a$ a re$*!t ma4e referen#e on!( to $t*"e$ t& ne5at'ere$*!t$% t&at $% t&at are rea$$*rn5% $o #onfrmn5 t&e #omp!ete na7!t( of mo7!ete!ep&on( ra"aton to pro"*#e" &ea" t*mor$% "$re5ar"n5% "$m$$n5 or e'enmanp*!atn5 t&e re$*!t$ of Har"e!!$ or4 an" e'en t&o$e "e$pte t&er n"#atonof n#rea$e" #an#er r$4 reporte" n $ome of t&e $ame Interp&one $t*"e$ 0$ee$e#ton +1;-

15T&$ $ ta4en from t&e U$ Natona! Ra"aton Prote#ton Boar": 'o!- 1;% no- ;: Mo7!e P&one$ an"

Hea!t&K% )992 an" 8=;: A S*mmar( of Re#ent Report$ on Mo7!e P&one$ an" Hea!t&: )999.)992Kt&e ICNIRP 0A&!7om et a!-: En'ron- Me"- )992 11):1621.;2 Ep"emo!- )99


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For t&e mo7!e te!ep&on( #ompane$% a ma?or ro!e $ p!a(e" 7( t&e Mo7!eMan*fa#t*rer$ For*m 0MMF% & #o.f*n"$ t&e Interp&one Pro?e#t an" 8HO$EMF Pro?e#t% a$ e!! a$ ot&er nternatona! an" natona! EMF pro5ram$ MMF $ an*m7re!!a 7o"( for t&e 1) man mo7!e te!ep&on( n"*$tre$ 0A!#ate!% Er#$$on%Mt$*7$& E!e#tr#% Motoro!a% No4a% Pana$on#% P&!p$% Sa5em% Sam$*n5% Semen$%

Son( Er##$on an" TCL A!#ate! Mo7!e P&one$- 8or4n5 a!on5$"e MMF n term$of fnan#a! $*pport pro'"e" to t&e Interp&one Pro?e#t an" ot&er EU pro?e#t$ $ t&eGSM A$$o#aton% anot&er $tron5 !o77er of t&e mo7!e te!ep&on( n"*$tre$- An"t&en !n4e" to t&e$e to $ t&e J8.F A!!an#eK% & 7rn5$ to5et&er t&e man(n"*$tre$ n'o!'e" n t&e *pta4e of ne te#&no!o5e$ an" re!e$$ $er'#e$: t&ereare +9< !$te" on t&e e7 $te www.wi-fi.org/our"members.phpV1=

A- Po!#&ett at #onferen#e$ or5ane" 7( t&e Con$oro E!ettra )999 an" n t&e "o#*ment on t&ePro5etto Came!et% promote" an" f*n"e" 7( t&e Ita!an Hea!t& Mn$tr(- Ot&er natona! a5en#e$an" #omm$$on$ &a'e 7een fo*n" to 7e #omprom$e" 7( #onf!#t$ of ntere$t$ & &a'enf!*en#e" a$$e$$ment of t&e &ea!t& r$4$ re$*!tn5 from expo$*re to EMF: 1 t&e /mro* Comm$$on%

$et *p n )991 7( t&e Fren#& Genera! Dre#torate for Hea!t&: n )99;% fo!!on5 t&e re$5naton of Prof-/mro* 0&o% a!on5 t& t&e ot&er mem7er$% "e#!are" &m$e!f free from #onf!#t of ntere$t$%$*##e$$or Prof- Pa!!otn "e#!are" to t&e $enate t&at t&e #on#!*$on$ of t&e #omm$$on 0mo7!ete!ep&on( a$ &arm!e$$ $&o*!" 7e #on$"ere" n'a!"- In )99=% n>*re$ of t&e Fren#& So#a! Affar$an" En'ronment Genera! In$pe#torate re'ea!e" na"e>*a#e$% rre5*!arte$ an" !n4$ 7eteen$ome mem7er$ of t&e #omm$$on an" t&e mo7!e te!ep&on( operator$ ) t&e Ro(a! So#et( ofCana"a pro"*#e" a "o#*ment &e!" $e#ret for a !on5 tme 0Report of t&e Pane! Montorn5 OntaroH("ro$ E!e#troma5net# Fe!"$ R$4 A$$e$$ment Pro5ram- A Pane! Report prepare" at t&e re>*e$t oft&e Ro(a! So#et( of Cana"a for Ontaro H("ro: t&$ re'ea!$ t&at t&e rea$$*rn5 'e$ a7o*t EMFem$$on$ are #omprom$e" 7( t&e ntere$t$ of pr'ate #ompane$ n'o!'e" n t&e "e'e!opment an"mana5ement of t&e te#&no!o5e$ #on#erne" 0H("ro.*e7e# an" Gra"ent Corporaton +f*rt&ermore% t&ere are #onf!#t$ of ntere$t$ #omprom$n5 8HO an" ICNIRP t&e$e are extreme!(

$ero*$% re$*!tn5 n tar5ete" #&o#e$ an" fa!$e!( rea$$*rn5 "ata on t&e effe#t$ of EMF on &*man&ea!t&- In fa#t% at !ea$t ;9Q of t&e f*n"$ for t&e 8HO$ EMF Pro?e#t & *p to m".)99= #o$t o'erUS );9 mn% #ome from e!e#tr#t( #ompane$ an" mo7!e te!ep&on( operator$: $ome of t&e$ef*n"$ 0US 1;9%999 for mo7!e te!ep&on( a!one are #o!!e#te" 7( t&e MMF an" $ent to t&e Ro(a!A"e!a"e Ho$pta! n A*$tra!a 0&ere Repa#&o! $ 7a$e" an" t&en tran$ferre" to t&e 8HO- Sn#e)99= Repa#&o! &a$ no !on5er !e" t&e 8HO$ EMF Pro?e#t% 7*t &a$ remane" a$ Emert*$ Pre$"ent oft&e ICNIRP% an" a$ ta4en on a$ a #on$*!tant 7( $e'era! n"*$tre$ n#!*"n5 to Amer#ane!e#tr#t( #ompane$ 0Conne#t#*t L5&t an" Poer$ Co- an" Unte" I!!*mnatn5 Co-% to 7o!$ter$*pport a5an$t t&e Conne#t#*t Department of P*7!# Hea!t&$ ntat'e to !oer t&e ELF3EMFexpo$*re !mt$- T&e$e a#ton$ a!! #onf!#t t& t&e fo*n"n5 prn#p!e$ of t&e to or5anaton$: t&e8HO n fa#t J"oe$ not a!!o n"*$tre$ to part#pate n et&er $ettn5 t&e $tan"ar"$ or n a$$e$$mentof r$4$ to &*man &ea!t&K- A##or"n5 to t&e 8HO Jt&e or4n5 5ro*p$ e$ta7!$&e" to $et t&e

$tan"ar"$ ma( not #ontan n"*$tr( repre$entat'e$- T&e 8HO or4n5 5ro*p$ ma( not #ontanan(one &o &a$ or $ $*7?e#t to an( nf!*en#e t&at $ fa'ora7!e to a 5'en n"*$tr(% n part#*!ar&ere a$$e$$n5 t&e effe#t$ on &*man &ea!t& of t&e pro"*#t$ of t&$ $ame n"*$tr( $ #on#erne"K-A##or"n5 to ICNIRP Ja!! mem7er$ of t&e #omm$$on are n"epen"ent expert$K an" Jt&e( are oftenremn"e" t&at t&e( m*$t "e#!are an( ntere$t$ t&at #o*!" #omprom$e t&e prn#p!e$ of t&e $tat*teof ICNIRP% a$ an n"epen"ent #on$*!taton 5ro*p- ICNIRP "oe$ not a##ept an( f*n"n5 fromn"*$tr(K- T&e rea"er $ a!$o referre" to t&e footnote #on#ernn5 report no- )+3)996 $pon$ore" 7(t&e 8HO an" ICNIRP- E'en t&o*5& Repa#&o! $ no !on5er ICNIRP Pre$"ent or 8HO$ EMF Pro?e#t!ea"er% t&e or4n5$ of t&e$e to or5anaton$ &a$ not #&an5e": &$ $*##e$$or$% P- e##&a0ICNIRP an" E- 'an De'enter 08HO$ EMF Pro?e#t #ontn*e t&er !n4$ t& t&e pro"*#er$ an"operator$ of e!e#tr#t( an" re!e$$ te#&no!o5e$% n part#*!ar mo7!e te!ep&on(-

16

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23/33

=-+- E'en $ome nternatona! $#en#e ?o*rna!$ are n'o!'e" n #onf!#t$ of ntere$t$- An*m7er of $#entf# ?o*rna!$ are #omprom$e" 7( #onf!#t$ of ntere$t$ !ea"n5 tomanp*!aton of "ata on EMF effe#t$: for examp!e% S*pp!- no- =% )99+ ofJBoe!e#troma5net#$K% one of t&e !ea"n5 ?o*rna!$ n t&e $e#tor% a$

#omm$$one" 7( t&e JRa"ofre>*en#( CommtteeK of t&e In$tt*te of E!e#tr#a!an" E!e#tron# En5neer$ 0IEEE to ?*$tf( mantenan#e of t&e expo$*re !mt$ $et 7(ICNIRP- T&e $*pp!ement #ontan$ a f*!! $e'en mono5rap&$% a!! f*n"e" 7( t&e USAar for#e an" na'(% an" rtten 7( t&er emp!o(ee$% &o mantan t&at RF $&arm!e$$- T&e mono5rap&$ #o'er a!! po$$7!e effe#t$ 0m*ta5ene$$% terato5ene$$%in vitro tran$formaton% #ar#no5ene$$% effe#t$ on t&e ner'o*$% en"o#rne%mm*no!o5#a! $($tem$% et#-- Ra"aton Re$ear#& 0RR% anot&er ma?or ?o*rna! nt&e fe!"% p*7!$&e" )1 of art#!e$ 7eteen 1


24/33

#&o#e of ne5at'e $t*"e$ an" part#*!ar nterpretaton of $ome of t&e po$t'eor4% a f*!!( rea$$*rn5 p#t*re $ pro"*#e"- T&e fo!!on5 (ear t&e nternatona!a5en#e$ #a!!e" on a 5ro*p of $#ent$t$ apparent!( a7o'e $*$p#on 0A&!7om%Fe(#&tn5% Repa#&o!% &efet$% 'an De'enter% e##&a% et#- to o7tane *$n5 t&ere'e$ pro"*#e" a$ "e$#r7e" t&e $*pport ne#e$$ar( to #onfrm t&er rea$$*rn5

#on#!*$on$-

=-2- Met&o"$ *$e" to #onfo*n" ep"emo!o5#a! re$*!t$ an" #omprom$e t&er

#on$e>*en#e$- T&e mo$t #ommon 7a$ "entfe" are: 1 na"e>*ate "e$5n of t&e

ep"emo!o5#a! $t*"( ) !a#4 of a $tan"ar"e" proto#o! + n#orre#t referen#e

pop*!aton: ron5 $e!e#ton an" #om7naton an" "!*ton of 7ot& #a$e$ an"

#ontro!$% e-5- n#!*$on of #a$e$ amon5 t&e #ontro!$ 2 fa!*re to #&oo$e t&e

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an" rare $e!e#te" "$ea$e$% e-5- a fe rare r$4 fa#tor$ =o'er.$&ort fo!!o.*p for

t*mor$ t& !on5.term !aten#e$ 6 on!( &5& r$4$ 0OR]) are ta4en nto a##o*nt%"e$pte t&e re!e'an#e of e'en !oer r$4$ &en expo$*re #on#ern$ &5& n*m7er of

$*7?e#t$ *n"er'a!*aton of t&e $(ner5$t# ro!e of m*!tp!e r$4 fa#tor$ 0$mp!(

7e#a*$e !a !mt$ are re$pe#te" *re" 7( !a


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6- RECENT PRECAUTIONAR@ POSITIONS ON HEALTH RISS OF EMF E,POSURES

A!on5$"e t&e $tron5!( #a*tonar( $tan#e re5ar"n5 t&e r$4$ "*e to EMFexpo$*re p*t forar" 7( D- Gee% pro?e#t mana5er of t&e emer5n5 pro5ram$ of

t&e EEA 0$et o*t n &$ #&apter n BoIntat'e Report on t&e app!#aton$ of t&ePre#a*tonar( Prn#p!e 0$ee footnote$ ) an" ;% an appea! &a$ 7een ma"e nSptem7er )996 an" reterate" n an*ar( )99 7( t&e EEA$ Exe#*t'e Dre#tor% -M#G!a"e% #a!!n5 for EU 5o'ernment$ to !oer t&e EMF expo$*re !mt$% e$pe#a!!(for f em$$on% mo7!e te!ep&on( an" t&er ra"o.7a$e $taton$- In M#G!a"e$or"$ JT&ere are man( examp!e$ of t&e fa!*re to *$e t&e Pre#a*tonar( Prn#p!e nt&e pa$t% & &a'e re$*!te" n $ero*$ an" often rre'er$7!e "ama5e to &ea!t&an" en'ronment$- Approprate% pre#a*tonar( an" proportonate a#ton$ ta4enno to a'o" p!a*$7!e an" potenta!!( $ero*$ t&reat$ to &ea!t& from EMF are !4e!(to 7e $een a$ pr*"ent an" $e from f*t*re per$pe#t'e$- 8e m*$t remem7er t&at

pre#a*ton $ one of t&e prn#p!e$ of EU en'ronmenta! po!#(K- M# G!a"e $#on'n#e" t&at: JO'er t&e !a$t to (ear$ t&e ep"emo!o5#a! e'"en#e of po$$7!e#an#er r$4 amon5$t t&e 19 (ear p!*$ mo7!e p&one *$er 5ro*p% &a$ 5ot $tron5er- It$ no a!$o $*pporte" 7( pre!mnar( $#entf# report$ on t&e "ama5n5 effe#t to#e!!$ of RF an" ELF EMF expo$*re$- T&$ $ a #a*$e for #on#ern% 5'en t&e"e$prea" an" 5enera!!( r$n5 expo$*re of t&e p*7!# to RF from mo7!e p&onete#&no!o5(X For examp!e% t&e Fren#& part of t&e 8HO #oor"nate" Internatona!Interp&one $t*"( reporte" t&at t&e r$4 of &ea" t*mo*r$ $ part#*!ar!( e'"ent nt&o$e mo7!e p&one *$er$ &o &a'e &a" RF expo$*re$ at an" a7o'e 2=9 &o*r$ per(ear for o'er 1; (ear$- T&$ e'"en#e $ $*pporte" 7( $e'era! ot&er ep"emo!o5#a!

$t*"e$ #arre" o*t n Se"en% U% German(% an" I$rae!% a!! of & fn" $omee'"en#e of n#rea$e" r$4$ of &ea" t*mo*r$ n t&e 19 (ear p!*$ expo$*re 5ro*p$K-F*rt&ermore% $&e *n"er!ne$ t&at: J T&e e'"en#e% t&o*5& ne#e$$ar!( !mte" at t&$pont n tme% $ $*ff#ent for &ea!t& a*t&orte$ to #on$"er a"'$n5 t&e re"*#ton ofRF expo$*re$% &ere fea$7!e- I note t&at $*#& a"'#e a$ $$*e" 7( t&e GermanFe"era! Off#e for Ra"aton Prote#ton 0*!( )996% an" t&e Fren#& Mn$tr( ofHea!t& 0an*ar( )99- It o*!" a!$o 7e pr*"ent to re#on$"er t&e a"e>*a#( of t&eICNIRP 5*"e!ne$ on expo$*re !mt$ of 1*en#( EMF: EEA Commentar( on t&eE'a!*aton of t&e E'"en#e from )99%0http//report.eea.europa.eu/environment"issue"report- T&e$e to "o#*ment$ re.examnet&e &$tor( of t&e error$ ma"e n $#en#e an" 7( p*7!# &ea!t& n ta#4!n5 t&epro7!em$ ar$n5 n t&e pa$t 7( 1; #&em#a! an" p&($#a! a5ent$ fo*n" to 7e&armf*! to t&e &*man &ea!t&% an" *n"er!ne &at t&e$e Jpa$t !e$$on$K #an tea#& nterm$ of pre'enton of r$4$ from EMF% n part#*!ar RF 0mo7!e te!ep&on(-F*rt&ermore% t&e( a!$o pro'"e 'ta! 4e($ for a proper *n"er$tan"n5 of t&e $tat*$ of

4no!e"5e an" #rtera for a$$e$$n5 t&e r$4$ to &*man &ea!t& from EMF expo$*re%an" for "ran5 *p t&e #on$e>*ent% pre$$n5 #a*tonar( mea$*re$-

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http://report.eea.europa.eu/environment_issue_reporthttp://report.eea.europa.eu/environment_issue_report


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On 1*en#e$ 7eteen 9-1 MH an" +99 GH% ta4n5 nto a##o*nt t&e 7e$t a'a!a7!ete#&no!o5( on t&e mar4etK ) Ja$4$ t&e Comm$$on to fn" a a( to a##e!eratet&e ena#tment of t&e "re#t'e )9923293CE an" t&*$ to en$*re t&at or4er$ areprote#te" effe#t'e!( from EMF$K + J"ra$ attenton to t&e appea! for pr*"en#ema"e 7( t&e #oor"nator of t&e Interp&one $t*"(% E- Car"$% &o% on t&e 7a$$ of#*rrent 4no!e"5e% re#ommen"$ t&at #&!"ren $&o*!" not ma4e *nrea$ona7!e *$eof a mo7!e p&one an" $&o*!" prefera7!( *$e a !an"!ne p&oneK 2 J$*55e$t$ a!$oto t&e Comm$$on% prompte" 7( #on#ern for po!t#a! an" 7*"5etar( eff#en#(% are.ro*tn5 of t&e Comm*nt( f*n"n5 "e'ote" to t&e $t*"( of EMF$ toar"$ a far.

rea#&n5 #ampa5n to e"*#ate (o*n5 E*ropean$ n t&e 7e$t a($ to *$e a mo7!ep&one% $*#& a$ *$n5 a J&an"$.freeK 4t% ma4n5 on!( $&ort #a!!$ an" *$n5 a p&onen t&e area$ &ere t&e re#epton $ 5oo"K ; Jpropo$e$ an a""ton to t&eman"ate of t&e E*ropean 5ro*p for Et$ n S#en#e an" Ne Te#&no!o5e$: t&eta$4 of e'a!*atn5 $#entf# nte5rt( n or"er to &e!p t&e Comm$$on fore$ta!!po$$7!e $t*aton$ of r$4% #onf!#t$ of ntere$t$ or e'en t&e fra*"$ & ten" toar$e n a #ontext of &e5&tene" #ompetton amon5 re$ear#&er$K16 = J#on"emn$#ertan mar4etn5 #ampa5n$ 7( t&e p&one operator$% & are part#*!ar!($tr"ent n t&e (ear.en" &o!"a( pero"% $*#& a$ t&e $a!e of mo7!e p&one$"e$5ne" ex#!*$'e!( for #&!"ren% or t&e Jfree mn*te$K "ea!$ ame" at

a"o!e$#ent$K 6 Jpropo$e$ t&at t&e Unon n#!*"e$ n t$ po!#( re5ar"n5 t&e>*a!t( of n"oor ar t&e $t*"( of re!e$$ "e'#e$ *$e" n t&e &ome% $*#& a$ .f fornternet a##e$$ an" #or"!e$$ p&one$% & &a'e m*!tp!e" t&e$e !a$t fe (ear$ np*7!# p!a#e$ an" n &ome$% expo$n5 peop!e to #ontn*o*$ m#roa'e em$$onK J#a!!$ on t&e Co*n#! an" t&e Comm$$on% n #oor"naton t& mem7er State$an" t&e Commttee for t&e Re5on$% to or4 toar"$ p*ttn5 n p!a#e a $n5!e$tan"ar" n or"er to mnme t&e expo$*re of t&o$e !'n5 near7( f t&ere $ anexten$on to t&e netor4 of &5&.'o!ta5e poer !ne$K


27/33

tran$mt t&e pre$ent re$o!*ton to t&e Co*n#!% to t&e Comm$$on% to t&e5o'ernment$ an" par!ament$ of mem7er State$% to t&e Commttee for t&e Re5on$an" to t&e 8HOK- T&e Comm$$on a!$o $tate$ t&at: JT&$ $ t&e approa#& #&o$en 7(t&e EEA & n Septem7er )996 #o*ra5eo*$!( a"'$e" t&e p*7!# a*t&orte$ oft&e )6 mem7er State$ to ta4e mea$*re$ to pro'"e 7etter prote#ton for t&e p*7!#%

mea$*re$ t&at are approprate an" n proporton n or"er to a'o" $ero*$ "an5er$n t&e f*t*re- T&$ repre$ent$ a $5nf#ant mo'e forar" on t&$ $$*e% a #a!! fora#ton t&at #ontra$t$ t& t&e $tat*$ >*o fa'o*re" 7( t&e 8HO- In fa#t t&e 8HO$eem$ to ant to p!a( for tme% offern5 *$ an appontment n )91; for a f*!!e$tmate of t&e mpa#t of e!e#troma5net# ra"aton of &*man 7en5$K 0$eeSe#ton )-) an" ;-)V

On 2 Septem7er )99*te o'er!oo4n5 t&e Pre#a*tonar( Prn#p!e # t&erma!effe#t$ a!one% &!e non.t&erma! effe#t$% an" n part#*!ar!( effe#t$ at !o nten$t(are no e!! "o#*mente" " $&ort.term effe#t$ a!one% "$re5ar"n5 !on5.termeffe#t "ata fo*n" n t&e !terat*re% n part#*!ar 5enet# an" #ar#no5en# effe#t$-

T&$ po$ton a!$o $&are" 7( t&e man 7o"e$ #on#erne" t& prote#ton of

&*man &ea!t&% $ a priori r5"% ref*te$ &$tor#a! e'"en#e% "e#!ne$ $#entf##&a!!en5e% an" appear$ to 7e nf!*en#e" not 7( pr*"en#e 7*t 7( #on$er'aton of#!ear!( "entfa7!e fnan#a! ntere$t$- Data n t&e $#entf# !terat*re n fa#t #!ear!(

?*$tf( an *r5ent re'$on of natona! !a$ on EM po!!*ton% n part#*!ar n term$ oft&e prn#p!e of mnmaton t&ro*5& t&e pre'entat'e p!annn5 an" pro5rammn5

n a t5&t po#4et #!o$e to t&e 7o"( are fo*n" t&ro*5&o*t t&e n"*$tr(- T&e $afet( man*a! forRe$ear#& n Moton$ B!a#47err(


28/33

7( t&e Re5on$ an" M*n#pa!te$ a$ re5ar"$ "e'e!opment of EMF.emttn5n$ta!!aton$% a!on5 t& nformaton #ampa5n$ an" part#paton of t&e #ten-

*antf(n5 t&e !on5.term$ r$4$ $ "ff#*!t for re$"enta! expo$*re to ELF3EMF7e#a*$e t&$ re>*re$ #on#!*$'e "ata on t&e 7o"( of t&e pop*!aton expo$e" an"on t&e 'a!*e$ of t&e ma5net# fe!"$ pre$ent- A$ re5ar"$ mo7!e te!ep&on(% o*r

examnaton of t&e !terat*re "ata 0); !ea"$ *$ to t&e #on#!*"e t&at e'en to"a( t&er$4 of &ea" t*mor$ re$*!tn5 from MP *$e $ 'er( &5&- L!o(".Mor5an Z++[% &!e*n"ere$tmatn5 7( ;9Q t&e n*m7er of #e!! *$er$% t&o*t #on$"ern5 t&e r$4 for#or"!e$$ *$er$ an" a$$*mn5 a mnm*m !aten#( tme of +9 (ear$% #a!#*!ate$ t&ereo*!" 7e a7o*t 1%


29/33

aarene$$.ra$n5 n $#&oo!$ t&ro*5& a #ampa5n on t&e *$e of t&e 'aro*$re!e$$ tran$m$$on te#&no!o5e$

"$#o*ra5n5 t&e *$e of MP$ 7( mnor$ *n"er 12 (ear$ ep"emo!o5#a! montorn5 of t&e po$$7!e &armf*! effe#t$ pro"*#e" 7(

re$"enta! an" o##*patona! EMF expo$*re$-

G'en t&e re$*!t$ an" #on$"eraton$ $et o*t n Se#ton +% t $ $ma!! on"ert&at a n*m7er of $#ent$t$ &a'e mantane" t&at t&e !on5.term *$e of #e!!p&one$a$ !ea"n5 to 7ran t*mor$ an" a$ more "an5ero*$ to &ea!t& t&an $mo4n5#5arette$ 0+;% an" t&at MP$ #o*!" 4!! far more peop!e t&an $mo4n5 or a$7e$to$0t&e rea"er $ referre" to &*rana an A*$tra!an ne*ro$*r5eon &o #o!!a7orate"t& Har"e!! n t&e meta.ana!($e$ $&on5 n#rea$e" r$4 of &ea" t*mor$ n MP *$er$

nter'ee" 7( G- Lean for T&e In"epen"ent% +9-9+-9-In #on#!*$on% t $ perfe#t!( #!ear t&at an e'-ante e'a!*aton of t&e o'era!!

mpa#t$ of to"a($ te#&no!o5#a! nno'aton$ $ not on!( #ompat7!e t& t&e

Pre#a*tonar( Prn#p!e% 7*t a#t*a!!( ne#e$$ar(% a$ a!$o 7orne o*t n $ome of t&eIta!an ma5$tra#($ $tatement$ 0$ee Se#ton )-+ an" t&e re#ommen"aton$ of t&eEP an" of t&e EEA- T&$ e'a!*aton $ part#*!ar!( 'ta! n t&e #a$e of expo$*re to EMF%5'en t&e $tate of a"'an#ement of $#entf# 4no!e"5e a7o*t t&erpo$$7!e3pro7a7!( &armf*! effe#t$ on t&e &*man &ea!t&- In fa#t% t&e Pre#a*tonar(Prn#p!e a$ "e$5ne" to ?*$tf( a#ton$ to prote#t t&e p*7!# an" t&e en'ronmente'en n t&e a7$en#e of an( $5nf#ant 4no!e"5e% $o t #o*!" 7e *$e" to ?*$tf(expo$*re re"*#ton$ to EMF "e$pte t&e amo*nt of $eemn5!( 7*t a!mo$t e'er adhocpro"*#e" #onf!#tn5 e'"en#e of r$4$-

S&o*!" an( "o*7t $t!! reman% t $ ort& re#a!!n5 t&e #on$e>*en#e$ of t&e fo*r

man $#enaro$ fa#n5 *$ t& EMF% e$pe#a!!( t& RF from mo7!e p&one$%*n"er!ne" 7( D- Gee 0+): T&e fr$t $ $m!ar to t&e #a$e $t*"e$ &ere m*#&a'o"a7!e &arm a$ not pre'ente"- T&e $e#on" $ &ere pre#a*tonar( a#ton$ tore"*#e MF expo$*re pre'ent m*#& potenta! &arm% &!$t $tm*!atn5 more$*$tana7!e nno'aton n t&e pro"*#ton an" *$e of MP te#&no!o5e$ an" ener5($($tem$- T&e t&r" $ &ere $*#& pre#a*tonar( a#ton$ to re"*#e expo$*re$ areta4en 7*t t*rn o*t to &a'e 7een *nne#e$$ar(% nee"!e$$!( #o$t!(% an" orr$ome-T&e fo*rt& $ t&at no a#ton $ ta4en to re"*#e expo$*re an" no #on'n#n5 &armemer5e$ from EMF expo$*re- 8e "o not 4no & $#enaro !! *nfo!"% 7*t e "o4no t&at a #&o#e o'er #*rrent an" f*t*re EMF expo$*re$ m*$t 7e ma"e no% f

t&e #o$t$ of po$$7!( 7en5 ron5 are to 7e mnme"- T&e #&o#e $ o*r$-S&a4e$peare m5&t &a'e "e$#r7e" o*r "!emma t&*$: to 4no or not to 4no% toa#t or not to a#tWK

T&e tra5e"( $ t&at t&e *nfo!"n5 $tor( of EMF !oo4$ $et to 7e#ome anot&er#a$e of &$tor( repeatn5 t$e!f fo!!on5 n t&e tra#4$ of onn5 ra"aton%a$7e$to$% to7a##o $mo4e% an" man( ot&er no "emon$trate" &*man #ar#no5en$&ere e'"en#e of &arm a$ off#a!!( re#o5ne" on!( a $#ore or e'en more (ear$after t&e nta! arnn5$- In 'e of t&e e'"en#e e a!rea"( &a'e% t&$ tme e #ana#t ear!(% rat&er t&an 5'n5 #a*$e for f*t*re 5eneraton$ on#e a5an to re5ret o*rna#ton t $ o*r "*t( an" re$pon$7!t( a$ $#ent$t$% n part#*!ar to o*r off$prn5V


30/33

D$5*$n5 or p!a(n5 "on t&e e'"en#e of &arm to &ea!t& $ >*te $mp!e to

"o% 7*t n t*rn #an often 7e "$#o'ere" t& re!at'e ea$e- To "o $o re>*re$ *$e of

a fe e!ement$ t&at #an 7e fo*n" a!mo$t $($temat#a!!( n t&e forma! $t*"e$ of

man( #orporaton$ an" 5o'ernment a5en#e$- St*"e$ often $&o an expo$e"pop*!aton to 7e at !oer n#"en#e an"3or morta!t( r$4 for a!! "$ea$e$ t&an t&e

#ontro! pop*!aton 0at !ea$t for t&e 'er( fe tme$ t&e re$*!t$ are a#t*a!!(

examne"- B*t &o $ t&$ rea$$*rn5 a!t&o*5& para"ox#a! #on#!*$on po$$7!eW

A*t&or$ *$*a!!( tr( to ar5*e t&at t&ere &a$ 7een no expo$*re at a!!% &!e t&e

Jhealth orer effectK1*en#e$- In"ee"% n man( #o*ntre$

o'er t&e pa$t to "e#a"e$ 0"ata for Ita!( are a'a!a7!e on!( *p to )99 t&e

reporte" tren" of mpro'ement n &ea!t&( !fe expe#tan#( . for man( (ear$

$&on5 an n#rea$e" n*m7er of "$ea$e.free (ear$ of !fe 0o'er $x mont&$ .

#ame to an a7r*pt &a!t an" re'er$e" 0+6- Can e po$t*!ate Zo Jp*t forar"K[

ot&er #a*$e$ of t&e $t*aton "e$#r7e" n t&$ #&apter apart from t&e business biasW

1


31/33

Tomat$ L- I! !a7oratoro- Ena*"% 1


32/33

14. 8-H-O- ELF Hea!t& Crtera Mono5rap& on Ne*ro"e5enerat'e D$or"er$ )996: 1.16-

5 H*$$ A% Spoerr A% E55er M et a!- Re$"en#e near poer !ne$ an" morta!t( fromne*ro"e5enerat'e "$ea$e: !on5t*"na! $t*"( of t&e S$$ pop*!aton- Am Ep"emo! )99


33/33

32 Gee D- Late !e$$on$ from ear!( arnn5$: toar"$ rea!$m an" pre#a*ton t&EMFW Pat&op&($o! )99*!!ant fran#amente $7a5!ate nep"emo!o5a- Come #apreW Ep"emo!o5a Pre'enone )919 +2 0;.=$*pp!- 1:)+1.)+)-

37. E*ro$tat% )911- &ttp:33e#-e*ropa-e*3&ea!t&3n"#ator$3n"#ator$3n"exen-&tm
http://www.radiationresearch.org/http://ec.europa.eu/health/indicators/indicators/index_en.htmhttp://www.radiationresearch.org/http://ec.europa.eu/health/indicators/indicators/index_en.htm

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Electromagnetic Business Bias