Electromactic Camp Manual

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JPRS 8206125 October 1982 my

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eportLIFViciENCES

E F F E C T SO FNONIONIZINGE L E C T R O M A G N E T I CRADIATION No. 8

F IS

ReproducedFrom BestAvailableCopy

FOREIGNBROADCASTNFORMATIONSERVICE


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JPRS 8206125 Octobor 1982

U S S ReportLIFES C I E N C E S

E F F E C T SOFNONIONIZINGE L E C T R O M A G N E T I CRADIATION N o.

F IS F O R E I G NBROADCASTNFORMATIONS E R V I C E R E P R O D U C E DY N A T I O N A LECHN ICAL INFORMATIONSERVICE

U S E P ART M E N TFO M M E R C E SPRINGFIELD A 2 2 6


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JPRSpublicationscontaininformationprimarilyfromforeignnewspapers,periodicalsandbooks,butalsofromnewsagencytransmissionsandbroad-casts.aterialsfromforeign-languagesourcesaretranslated;thosefromEnglish-languagesourcesaretranscribedorreprinted,withtheoriginalphrasingandothercharacteristicsretained.Headlines,editorialreports,andmaterialenclosedinbrackets[ ]aresuppliedbyJPRS. Processingindicatorssuchas[Text]or[Excerpt]inthefirstlineofeachitem,orfollowingthelastlineofabrief,indicatehow theoriginalinformationwasprocessed.herenoprocessingindicatorisgiven,theinformationwassummarizedorextracted,Unfamiliarnamesrenderedphoneticallyortransliteratedareenclosedinparentheses.ordsornamesprecededbyaquestionmarkandenclosedinparentheseswerenotclearintheoriginalbuthavebeensuppliedasappropriateincontext. Otherunattributedparentheticalnoteswithinthebodyofanitemoriginatewiththesource. Timeswithinitemsareasgivenbysource.Thecontentsofthispublicationinnowayrepresentthepolicies,viewsorattitudesoftheU.S.Government.

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JPRS8206125October1982

U S S R P R T LIFEC I E N C E S

E F F E C T SFONIONIZINGL E C T R O M A G N E T I CADIATIONNo,8

C O N T E N T S StandardizationofPhysicalConditionsforStudyingBiologicalEffectsofElectromagneticFields 1ChangesinBlood-ClottingSystemAfterSurgicalIntervention

onLungsWithExposuret oStaticMagneticField4Magneto therapyofTraumaandSomeDiseasesofAthletes8RoleofGeomagneticFieldinAlterationofErythrocyteSurfaceMembranePropertiesinPatientsWithChronic,NonspecificLungDiseases 12EffectofStaticMagneticFieldonCompressionofCarotid

ArteriesandAsphyxia(ExperimentalStudy)17UseofSonic-RangeMagneticFieldsinTreatmentofSomeDiseases2 1SourcesofArtificialMagneticFieldsforImplantation

(ExperimentalStudy) 25MagneticFieldSourcesinCurrentUseforTherapy30UnitforExposureofBiologicalObjectst oStaticMagneticField37RecommendationsofScientificCouncilforBalneologyand

Physiology,USSRAcademyofMedicalSciences,onScientificResearchDealingWithMechanismofEffectsandTherapeuticUseofMagneticFields 0

Ail-UnionWorkingConferenceon'PhysicochemicalMechanismsofBiologicalEffectsofStaticandLow-FrequencyElectromagneticFields' 43

tj-a- [III-USSR-21mS&T]


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LaserTherapyforPatientsWithOsteoarthrosisDeformans5UseofLasersinSurgery 1

NewBookonLaserTreatmentofWounds 7Angle-ClosureGlaucomain YoungPeople:aserandSurgicalManagement....0SignificanceofChangesinChorioretinalStructurest o Mechanism

ofTherapeuticEffectofArgonLaser(ExperimentalStudy)4LaserRetinometryinPresenceofLenticularOpacities9LasersandHealth 4|-b-


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UDC:578.087.8STANDARDIZATIONOFPHYSICALCONDITIONSFORSTUDYINGBIOLOGICALEFFECTSOFELECTROMAGNETICFIELDSTbilisiSOOBSHCHENIYAAKADEMIINAUK GRUZINSKOYSSRinRussianVol105,No1,Jan82(manuscriptreceived2Oct81)pp145-148[Articleby.Ffutzner, InstituteofBasesandTheoryofElectricEngineering,ViennaUniversityofEngineering,Austria(presentedbyM.Zaalishvili,correspondingmemberoftheAcademy,on2Oct81)] M .[Text] Studiesofbiologicaleffectsoflow-frequencyelectricandmagneticfieldsisofgreatpracticalimportance,notonlytobiophysics,butenviron-mentalprotection,medicineandcosmonautics. Numerousexperiments[ 1 ]offerratherlimitedreproducibilityofeffects(andnonspecificatthat),althoughtheyessentiallyconfirmbiologicaleffects.Analysiswasmade[ 2 ]ofphysicalconditionsofabout250experimentsinthefrequencyrangeofupto1MHz,anditshowedthatirreproducibilityofre-sultscouldbeattributedtoasignificantextenttothefactthatthephysicalpropertiesoffieldsusedindifferentexperimentsweresubstantiallydifferent.ratherextensive,butatthesametimefeasiblestandardizationofphysicalconditionsforconductingexperimentshasbeenproposed[ 3 ]inordertohavebettercomparabilityofexperiments. Theconditionsofsuchstandardizationaresummarizedhere.Inthecaseofstationaryfields,thethresholdvalueofvoltageofanelectricfieldE,atwhichitsbiologicaleffectismanifested[2],constitutesabout500V/m. Atfrequenciesof3to10kHzitreachesaminimum,whichisabout1V/m,thenrisesagain withincreaseinfrequency. At1MHz,thethresholdisagaincloseto500V/m.Thethresholdfieldvoltagescitedbydifferentauthorsdiffersubstantiallyfromoneanother. ThiscouldbeattributedtothefactthatfieldvoltageisdefinedinmostcasesasE0=U0/d,i.e.,thevoltageofacondenserfieldwithoutanobject(Figure1) . Indicationofthisvalueisunsuitablefordes-cribingtheimportantchangesthatappearinthecondenserifanobjectisplacedinit. VoltageE:ofthefieldwithintheobjectdropssignificantlyandvoltageE2onitssurfacerisesasaresultoftherelativelygreatermeanconductivityyanddielectricpermeabilityzvoftheobject. SomeauthorscalculateEx forthecaseofaninfinitelylargedistancebetweenplates,consideringtheobjecttohaveidealizedgeometry.

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Inrealexperiments,parametersg,handdrecommensurate,andinanappro-ximatedescriptionofanobjectintheformofanellipsoid,oneobtainsafieldconfigurationthatisanalyticallyvirtuallyunexpressible. Calculationwasmade[bibliographicreferenceillegible]of i ; .forthecaseofbh (i.e.,fora flat object). ThecurvesillustratedinFigure1wereobtainedwithconsiderationofthetypicalvaluesofyndeormuscletissues. ThevalueofE jisgiventhereastheaverageovertheentireobject. Duetothedifferenceinvaluesoftissularyan s thelocalvaluesofE2inanobjectcoulddifferrom oneanotherbyafactorof101. Evenwithinthesamelayeroftissue,fieldvoltagechangesby108timesincellmembranesbecauseoftheirlowconductivity[4],ascomparedtothevaluethatistypicalforcellularfluid.

1 03

E l / H o1 0

1 07

J 0 -\ 1MHzV

100 KHz3 .V .V 1 K Hz

50Hz

>ji^rWJ< t,mi M

E , / E0E2/E0forbh

0 1 0 g/hFigure1 . Rightobjectrenderedasanellipsoidbetweenparallel-plate

electrodes. LeftE^/EnaE2/ Esafunctionofg/ hforthecaseofaflatobject(&7z) . Foramaninerectposition,the fringeffectleadstohighervoltage.

VoltageE3=U Qg (forflatobjects)thatarisesonthesurfaceisconsiderablyhigherthanE0,whichenablesustoexplaineffectswithlowg/h ratios,forexample,electrostaticattractionofanobject'shair.Ifweweretoplace,forexample,amanstandingerectbetweentheelectrodes,insteadofaflatobject,duetothefringeeffectattheapexoftheobjecttherewillbeflattingoflinesofforce. Accordingto [5],fordh 3b,Es~15E0attheapexandEz=E0athalftheobject'sheight. Hence,itishardlydesirabletorequirethatauthorsevaluatethefieldinan objectforexperimentalresultstobecomparable. Ontheotherhand,objectiveevaluationispossibleifoneisguidedbythefollowingcompromiserequirements:insteadofgivingthevalueofE0,givevoltageatelectrodesU0,distancebetweenelectrodesd andheightofobject;setthegeometricarrangementoftheobject(toevaluatethefringeeffect);establishstandarddistancesbetween

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electrodesforthemostwidespreadobjects(forexample,d2mforaseatedman) .Inthecaseofmagneticfields,fieldintensitycouldbeconsideredtoequalintensityinavacuum. Experimentshaveshownthattheeffectofamagneticfieldalsodependsonitsheterogeneity. Forthisreason,datasubmittedaboutmagneticfieldsshouldincludeinformationaboutthefieldgradient. Finally,analysisrevealed[ 2 ]thatnotonlythefieldintensitybutitschangeintimeareimportant. Forthisreason,onecanadvancethefollowingrequirements:indicatetheffectivevaluesofparametersfor sinusoidalfields;submitdataeitherintheformofgraduatedoscillogramsorspectraofaFourierseriesinthecaseofnonsinusoidal fields.Withreferencetothequestionofinterferencefields,onemustconsiderthefactthat,inthecaseofelectricfields,thethresholdvalueofa.variablefield;isconsiderablylowerthanforasteadyfield. Thethresholdvaluecandropto10mV/mfornonsinusoidalfields,[2].Forthisreason,when asteadyfieldisused,itseffectcouldbeactuallyattributabletoresidualpulsat-ingvoltagethatarisesduetopoorfiltration. Consequently,inthecaseofsteadyfields,oneshouldmeasurethevariablecomponentandgiveitintheexperimentaldata. Inthecaseofsinusoidalfields,oneshouldprovideinformationaboutthehigherharmonics,evenif theyappeartobeinsignificant.Electrostaticchargescouldbethesourceofinterferencefields. Forexample,itemsofasubject'sclothingorfinishonachambercouldcauseunsteadyvoltageofuptoseveralkV/mwhentheobjectmoves. Thereisnodifficultyinloweringnterferencefieldstobelowthresholdlevelsinthecaseofelectricfields,whereasinthecaseoflow-frequencymagneticfieldsonehastoencounterconsiderabletechnicaldifficulties.Inconclusion,itshouldbenotedthatstandardizationofexperimentalunitswouldfacilitateappreciablycomparabilityofdifferentexperimentalresults.

BIBLIOGRAPHY1 .resman,A.S., ElectromagneticFieldsandLife, PlenumPress,NewYork

1970.2 .futzner,H., ELEKTROTECHNIK UNDMASCHINENBAU,94,1977.3 .dem,INT.J.BIOMETEOR.,23 ,No4,1979.4 .atz,B., Nerve,MuscleandSynapse, McGraw-Hill,NewYork,1966.5 .ohen,D.,J.APPL. PHYS.,38,1967.10,657CSO:1840/ 397

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UDC:616.24-089.163+615.849.ll]-07:616.151.5-07 CHANGESINBLOOD-CLOTTINGSYSTEMAFTERSURGICALINTERVENTIONONLUNGSWITH EXPOSURETOSTATICMAGNETICFIELDMoscowANESTEZIOLOGIYAIREANIMATOLOGIYAinRussianNo3 ,May-Jun82(manuscriptreceived3Nov81 )pp21-23[ArticlebyYu.A.Novikov,DepartmentofHospitalSurgery(headedbyProfV.V.Kulemin),IvanovoMedicalInstitute][Text]anyresearchershavereportedthebeneficialeffectofstaticmagneticfields(SMF)onbiologicalsystems(A.M.Demetskiyetal.;A.V.SosunovandA.A.Sosunov;D.G.BelyayevandM.L.Gel'fond,andothers).Ourobjectiveherewastodemonstrateanypossiblechangesinbloodcoagulationandanticoagulationsystemasrelatedtomethodofanalgesiaused,intheearlypostoperativeperiodinpatientswhounderwentlungsurgery.MaterialandMethodsW eexamined184patients(146me nand38women)30-60yearsofage. In112ofthesecases,resectionofoneortwolobesofthelungwasperformed,whereasintheothersextensivepneumonectomywasperformed.Thepatientsweredividedintotwomaingroups,dependingonanalgesiausedinthepostoperativeperiod. Thefirstgroup(130people)consistedofpatientsforwhomnarcoticanalgesicswereprescribedntheusualdosage;thesecond(5 4people)consistedofpatientsonwhomweused2-3magnetophoreplates,whichwereappliedovertheregionofthesurgicalincisionandthoracicspinerightaftertheoperationwasperformed. Theywereimmobilizedonthepatientbymeansofdevicesthatwedeveloped,whichheldthemreliablyandpreventedthemfromslipping.

Thelevelofpostoperativeanalgesiawasassessedonthebasisofpatients'complaintsandresultsofspirographictests.ainwasrecordedasagradeonthefollowingscale:0nopain;1mild pain(nopainatrest,butslightpainappearsupondeepinspiration,coughingandmovement,whichdoesnotcausemuchdiscomforttothepatient,sothatheisabletoexpectoratemucus,turnaroundandbreathedeeply);2moderatepain(presentatrestalso,butbecomingconsiderablystrongerwhencoughingordeepbreathing,restrictspatient'smovements);3severepain(markedpainevenatrest,

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causingdistress,asaresultofwhichthepatientcannotturnonhisownorexpectorate,breathingissuperficial). Theanalgesiceffectwasevaluatedfromthedifferenceingradebeforeandafterthetestedtreatment( A .I .ZyskinandV.A.Gologorskiy).W eexaminedbloodcoagulationandanticoagulationby meansof10standardcoagu-logramtests.ealsousedthethromboelastographicmethod,whichenabledustorecordthemainphasesofbloodclotting:thromboelastogram(TEG)withcalculationofthefollowingparameters:Rtimeofthromboplastinformation,Krateofbloodclotting,Ttotalcoagulationconstant,Csyneresisconstant,tspecificbloodclottingconstant,R/Kthromboelastographicconstantofpro-thrombinutilizationandMAmaximumamplitude. Thedigitaldataweresubmittedtostatisticalprocessing,usingthetcriterionofStudent.ResultsEvaluationofpainaccordingtopatients'complaintsandsomespirographicparameters(rateanddepthofrespiration,minutevolumeofventilation)wereindicativeofeffectiveanalgesiainbothgroups(Table1) .Table1. Intensityofpain,respirationrateanddepthatendoffirstday

(aftersurgery,asrelatedtomethodofanalgesia,Mm)^Anal-gesia

Pain,gradei i i

SMF 2 , 5 4 + 0 , 1 2 0 , 9 3 0 , 1 8 < 0 , 0 1 2 4 , 1 1 , 0Nanal-XC, 4 8 0 , 1 4 0 , 6 2 0 , 1 4 < 0 , 0 1 2 4 , 1 0 , 9 6gesicsNote: Ibeforeanalgesia;IIafter.

Respir.rate,minI I I

2 0 , 1 1 , 11 8 , 6 0 , 6 2


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Insixcases,wherenoanalgesiceffectwasobtainedwithSMF,thechangesinbloodclottingwerevirtuallyidenticaltothosefoundinthesecondgroupofpatients(withdistinctanalgesiceffect).llthiswarrantedourbeliefthattherelativeequilibrium ofbloodclottingwasattributabletotheSMF,andwesubsequentlyconsideredthesepatientsaspartofthesecondgroup.W ewereimpressedbythechangeinR/K,tandCbytheendofthefirstday,whichpresentedadistincttendencytowardhypercoagulationundertheinfluenceofthenarcoticanalgesics. Asubstantialshiftinthedirectionofhyper-coagulationpersistedinthefirstgroupofpatientsonthe3 dday. Onlybytheendofthe5thdaydidwefailtodemonstratereliabledifferencesbetweenparametersofthecomparedgroupsofpatients.Table2 . CoagulogramparametersandTEGbytheendofthe3dpostoperative

day(Mm)Before AfterurgeryParameter surgery 1stgroup 2dgroup

Plasmaibrinogen,Fibrinolyfeiccti- 5,79+0,15 9,34+0,38 8,74+0,639.460,48 4,03+0,49 8,31+0,93vityFreeeparin, s 8,73+0,37 7,23+0,63 13,53+1,64Thrombotet 4,670,11 5,51+0,11 4,37+0,18R,min 4,19+0,24 2,93+0,34 4,85+0,46K,min 2,95+0,17 2,72+0,19 3,25+0,21T,mm 146,077,11 124,25+5,31 130,57+7,61t mm 73,24+3,61 64,41+4,01 60,34+3,23C, mm 109,725,14 87,01+3,89 82,89+3,67MA,mm 46,142,60 41,43+1,99 37,84+2,14

DiscussionW econsideritpossibletoofferthefollowingexplanationforourresults. Inthefirstplace,SMF,whichelicitconcentrationandorientationchangesinformedbloodelements,holdtheminasuspendedstateduetoacquisitionofanegativecharge. Thisisinstrumentalinpreventingsequestrationandsludg-ing,andalsoeliminateslocalvasospasm,whichisaconsequenceofcirculatoryhypoxiaintheregionoftissuestraumatizedbysurgery. Thishypothesisisconsistentwiththestudiesofotherauthors(A.M.Demetskiyetal.,1977).Inthesecondplace,themagnetophoreapplicators,whichelicitasufficientanalgesiceffectwhenappliedtotheregionofthesurgicalincisionandsym-patheticgangliaofthethoracicspine,areinstrumentalinamoreactiveregimenofmovementandproductivecough. Allofthistogetherimproveslocalbloodflowintissuesandrheologicalpropertiesofblood,whichresultsinlessmarkedshiftinthedirectionofhypercoagulationundertheeffectofSMF.Bloodclottingparametersdidnotimproveinpatientsgivennarcoticanalgesicsinthepostoperativeperiod,inspiteofthegoodanalgesiceffectobtained.

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Consequently,thebeneficialeffectofSMFonbloodclottingcannotbeattri-butedsolelytoattenuationofpain.

BIBLIOGRAPHY1 .elyayev,D .G .andGel'fond,M .L.,VRACH.DELO,No1 0 ,1978,pp119-121.2 .emetskiy,A .M.,Surganova,S .F.,Popova,L .I .etal.,in Klinicheskoye

primeneniyemagnitnykhpoley [ClinicalUseofMagneticFields],Izhevsk,1977,pp119-120.

3 .yskin,A .I .andGologorskiy,V .A.,KLIN.MED.,No5 ,1971,pp67-71.4 .osunov,A .V .andSosunov,A .A.,in Anesteziologiya,reanimatologiyai

intensivnayaterapiya [Anesthesiology,ResuscitationandIntensiveTherapy],Saransk,1975,pp335-336.

COPYRIGHT: Anesteziologiyaireanimatologiya ,198210,657CSO:1840/346

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MAGNETOTHERAPYOFTRAUMAAN DSOMEDISEASESOFATHLETESMoscow TEORIYAIPRAKTIKAFIZICHESKOYKUL'TURYinRussianNo3 ,Mar82pp56-58[ArticlebyProfI .S .Shepeleva,Yu.F .Kamenev,candidateofmedicalsciences,N.A.Demetskaya,Yu.V.Bogdanov,V.G .SlyusarenkoandK.Sh.Bekseitov,Central OrderofRedBannerofLabor ScientificResearchInstituteofTraumatologyandOrthopedicsimeniN.N.Priorov][Text] Physicalmethodsplayaratherimportantpartamongthediversemethodsavailabletothesystemofrehabilitationofathleteswithtraumaanddiseasesoftheskeletomuscularsystem.Us ethereofreducespatientrehabilitationtimeandacceleratesrecoveryofathleticworkcapacity. Thechoiceandprescrip-tionofphysicalfactorsdependlargelyonconditions,underwhichathletesarerehabilitatedaftersustainingtrauma. Thepossibilitiesofrehabilitationtherapyaremorefavorablewhenthereisaphysiotherapyofficeandnecessaryspecialists,andtheyarelimitedwhenthesportsphysicianorksateducationalandtraining meets,whereonlyportablephysiotherapeuticequipmentcanbeused. Forthisreason,thesearchfornewandeffectivephysicalfac-tors,useofwhichdoesnotrequirecumbersomeandcomplicatedequipment,isoneofthepressingproblemsofsportsmedicineingeneralandtraumatologyinparticular. Inthisrespect,magnetotherapyusingastaticmagneticfield(SMF)isparticularlypromising;accordingtodataintheliterature,ithasanti-inflammation,analgesicandvasodilatingeffects;itimprovesmetabolicprocessesintissues,normalizesregenerativeprocessesandhasafavorablepsychologicaleffectonpatients[1-3,5-6,8 ,10].ThereareisolatedreportsdealingwithuseofSMFinsportsmedicinepractice[ 4 ,7 ,11].SMFisusedattheTsITO[CentralInstituteofTraumatologyandOrthopedics]fortreatmentoffracturesoflongbones,lacerations[ruptures]andstrainsofligamentsandtendons,arthritisandarthralgiaofdiversegenesis,softtissuetraumaandosteochondrosis. Combinedtherapyoftraumatologicalpatientswithuseofmagnetotherapyonover3 00patientsrevealedthatuseofSMFacce-leratesrecovery,reducingbyanaverageof10-13daysdurationofhospitaliza-tion,an dpreventsdevelopmentofcomplications. Thesimplicityofthemethod,absenceofanycomplications,aswellasthehighefficacyofSMF,servedasgroundsforustoincludemagnetotherapyinthesystemofrehabilitationofathletesaftertraumaticinjuriestotheskeletomuscularsystemanddiseasesoftheperipheralnervoussystem.

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W esummarizehereourexperiencewithSMFusedonathletestotreatpainsyn-dromesduetotraumaanddiseasesoftheperipheralnervoussystem,whichdidnotrequirehospitalcare. Inall,wehad7 3athletes(66me nand7women)ranginginagefrom19to3 6yearsunderobservation.Theathletesweredistributedasfollowsaccordingtonatureofpathology:contusionsandhematomain20cases,epicondylitisofthehumerusin1 4 . ,humeroscapularperiarthritisin10,lumbar^painduetotraumaandoverloadsin8 ,tendovaginitisandachillobursitisduetooverloadsin9 ,interscapularpainsyndromein7andbrachium-handsyndromein5cases.Magnetotherapy wasusedattheTsITOpolyclinic,aswellaseducationalandtrainingmeetsduringtheperiodofpreparationofathletesforimportantcompetitions. Atfirst,severalathletesunderwenttreatmentusingotherphysicalfactors(electrophoresis,inductothermiaandothers),sothatwecouldmakeacomparativetherapeuticevaluationofefficacyofmagnetotherapy. SMFwasusedtoaffectresorptionprocesses(hemorrhage,exudation),adevelopedposttraumaticorpostoperativeprocess,tissulartrophies,painsyndrome,func-tionalstateofthenervous,vascularandmuscularsystems. ElasticmagnetsmanufacturedbytheLeningradBranchoftheScientificResearchInstituteoftheRubberIndustryservedasSMFsourcesandtheyprovidedforinductionof30-35mT. Treatmentwasadministeredbyapplyingelasticmagnets alongtheaxisofthelimb,atthesiteofprojectionofthepainsyndrome,withthevectorofmagneticfieldintensityalsosituatedalongtheaxisofthelimb.Acourseoftherapyconsistedof2to10treatments.henapplyingthemagnets,wemadesurethatthemagneticfieldcoveredentirelytheregionofmaximumtenderness(so-calledtriggerpoints).Theresultsofclinicalobservationsrevealedthatmagnetotherapy washighlyeffectiveforpainsyndromes. Asarule,thepainsyndromeandedemadis-appearedordiminished,theinflammatoryreactiondiminishedandtherewascompleterestorationoffunctionoftheinjuredlimbafter3-4treatments. Thepainsyndromewascompletelyeliminatedin60people(82.2%);in8athletes,paindisappearedunder the influenceofmagnetotherapyatrestandoccurredperiodicallyafterheavytrainingorrecurrenttrauma. Astudyoflong-termresultsoftreatment(upto2years)revealedthattheeffectofmagnetotherapywasmorelastingthanthatofotherphysicalmethodsusedonourpatientsbeforeSMFtherapy. Infivecases,inspiteofpositivechanges,wewereunabletoeliminatethepathologicalprocessentirelywithrestorationoffunctionoftheinjuredlimbandathleticworkcapacity. Apparently,thiswasrelatedtodystrophicprocessesinmusculotendinousandperiarticulartissues,whichcausedirreversiblechangesofthemyofibrosistype. Inadditiontomagnetotherapy,toeliminatemicrocirculatoryandmuscletonedisturbancesweusedmethodsthateliminatedorattenuatedthedystorphicandasepticinflammatoryprocess. Forthispurpose,weusedinfiltrationtherapywith0.5-1%novocain,hydrocortisoneacetate(25-50mg),enzymaticlidasepreparations(32-64units)andpapain(1-4mg). Acourseofinfiltrationtherapyconsistedof5-6injectionsatinter-valsof2-3days,with magnetotherapydailyfor7-10days. Afterthistreatment,thepainsyndromewaseliminatedinallfiveathletes.Peripheralcirculatorydisturbancesandchangesinmuscletoneoftenappearwithtraumaanddiseasesoftheskeletomuscularsystem.econductedspecial

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studiesoflocaltissularbloodflow,compositionofperipheralblood,blood-clottingsystem,determiningthedynamicedemaindicatoraccordingtoYe.F.Uratkov[9],electrothermometryandtonometryinsomeathletesandexperi-mentallyinordertodetectthesedisturbancesandmakeadeeperstudyofthetherapeuticeffectofSMF.TheresultsofourstudiesrevealedthatSMFhadamarkedanti-edemaeffect.Thus,severityofedemaintheregionoftraumawas4-15%lessafter1-2magnetotherapysessionsthanincaseswhereSMFwasnotused. Edemadiminishedthemostintensivelyforthefirst5-7daysaftertrauma. Rapidresorptionofedemawasassociatedwitheliminationofthepainsyndrome,whichenabledtheathletestorapidlyretaintheirathleticworkcapacity.Examinationoflocalcirculationbytheradiotracermethodrevealedthatfieldswithinductionof3 0- 3 5mTelicitfasterresorptionoftheradioactiveisotopefromthepool,whichoccurredagainstthebackgroundofdecreasedviscosityandcoagulantpropertiesofblood. Thepeakofdelayedresorptionoftheisotopewasreferabletothelst-3ddays,whilenormalizationofthetestedparametersoccurredbythe10th-14thdaysinmostcases.ithoutmagnetotherapy,therewasextremelyslowresorptionoftheisotopefromthepool,withconcurrentincreaseinviscosityandcoagulantpropertiesofblood,normalizationofwhich wasnotcompletevenbythe30thdayaftertrauma.Theleukocytecountanderythrocytesedimentationratetestrevealedthatmagnetotherapynormalizedtheseparameters within 3 -5daysaftertrauma. Withoutmagnetotherapy,leukocytosisandelevatedsedimentationratepersistedfor14ormoredays.ThebeneficialeffectofSMFontissulartrophiesandperipheralcirculationgaveusgroundstousemagnetotherapyonhealthyathletestoeliminatethesensationofmuscularfatigueafterheavyexercise. Thetechniqueforusingelasticmagnetswasanalogoustotheonepreviouslydescribed. However,inthesecases,theelastomagneticswereusedinconjunctionwithotherrehabili-tationmeasures(massage,rubbingvariousointmentsintomuscles,sauna,etc.).Duringandaftermagnetotherapy,theathletesexperiencedpleasantwarmthinthelimb,alightsensationandpaindisapproved.efailedtoobserveanycomplicationswhatsoeverrelatedtoprolongeduseofmagnetotherapyonhealthyathletes.Thus,onthebasisofourobservationsandresultsofinvestigatingthedesira-bilityofusingSMFinthetreatmentofathletictrauma,itcanbeconcludedthatmagnetotherapyisquiteeffectiveformanyinjuriesanddiseasesoftheskeletomuscularsystemandperipheralnervoussystem. Useofthedescribedmethodshortenedtheperiodofrehabilitationtherapy,improvedtheathletes'generalcondition(normalizationofsleep,disappearanceorattenuationofneurologicaldisorders,improvedappetite,etc.)andenablesthemtoundertaketrainingatanearlytime. AllthiswarrantsinclusionofSMFmagnetotherapyinthesystemofathleterehabilitationfollowingtraumaanddiseasesoftheperipheralnervoussystemassociatedwithamarkedpainsyndrome.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY1 .elyakov,A.A., Sosunov,A.V.andKapitanskiy,I .S.,in Magnitobiol.

imagnitoterap.vmeditsine [MagnetobiologyandMagnetotherapyinMedicine],Vitebsk,1980,pp199-200.

2 .emetskaya,N.A.,Ibid,pp40-41.3 .ormidontov,G.V.,Ibid,pp207-208.4 .artashov,N.G .andTitov,L.M.,Ibid,pp212-213.5 .ucherenko,A.Ye.andShevchuk,V.I.,in Primeneniyemagnitnykhpoley

vklinich.med.ieksperimente [UseofMagneticFieldsinClinicalMedicineandExperiments],Kuybyshev,1979,pp71-73.

6 .itbreyt,I .M.,in Magnitobiol.imagnitoterap.vmeditsine, Vitebsk,1980,pp216-218.

7 .urav'yev,M.F.,Zagrebin,A.M.andChuchkov,V.M.,Ibid,p224.8 .avel'yev,V.N.andMurav'yev,M.F.,Ibid,pp96-99.9 .ratkov,Ye.F., PriorityApplicationforAuthorCertificate

No2465982/28-13, 16March1977.10.hepeleva,I .S.,Demetskaya,N.A.andPozhariskiy,V.F.,in

Magnitobiol.imagnitoterap.v meditsine, Vitebsk,1980,pp227-228.11.hepeleva,I .S.,Nechushkin, A.I.,Kamenev,Yu.F.,Demetskaya,N.A.,

Bogdanov,Yu.V.andSlyusarenko,V.G., MethodologicalRecommendationson'MagnetotherapyofMusclePainSyndromesinAthletes', Moscow,1980.

COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo Fizkul'turaisport , Teoriyaipraktikafizicheskoykul'tury ,1982

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UDG:616.24-036.12-07:616.155.1:576.314J-0]:612.014.426

ROLEOFGEOMAGNETICFIELDINALTERATIONOFERYTHROCYTESURFACEMEMBRANEPROPERTIESINPATIENTSWITHCHRONIC,NONSPECIFICLUNGDISEASESMoscowVOPROSYKURORTOLOGII,FIZIOTERAPIIILECHEBNOYFIZICHESKOYKUL'TURYinRussian No3 ,May-Jun82(manuscriptreceived13Oct80 )pp12-15[ArticlebyV.P.PyatkinandV.L.Semenov,DepartmentofMedicalClimatology(headedbyV.P.Pyatkin),YaltaScientificResearchInstituteofPhysicalMethodsofTreatmentandMedicalClimatologyimeniI .M.Sechenov][Text] Theproblem ofinvestigatingtheeffectsofenvironmentalfactorsonbodyfunctionsisamongthemostpressingones. Itisofconsiderableinter-esttodeterminethebiologicaleffectsofvariationsofnaturalelectro-magneticfields(EMF),aswellasthemechanism oftheireffectsonthebio-sphere. Itisdifficulttoperformthesetasksbecausethesefieldsarean^elementofasetofenvironmentalfactorsthataffectthebody,sothatitisimpossibletoassesstheirinfluenceseparatelyundernaturalconditions. Onecanonlyanswerthequestionofpredominanteffectsofthisnaturalfactoroncertainsystemsoftheorganism.

Itisknownthatvariationsofthegeomagneticfield(GMF)aspartofchangingenvironmentalfactorsarecapableofinducingso-calledmeteopathicreactionsinpatientswithcardiovasculardiseases( K .F.Novikovaetal.;I .Ye.Ganelinaetal.,andothers).a.P.Yushenayteetal.haveshownthatinpatientswithrheumatismsuchreactionsaretheconsequenceofper-turbationofGMFindependentlyofvariabilityofmeteorologicalfactors.TherearereportstotheeffectthatdrasticchangesinGMFareassociatedwith morefrequentpulmonaryhemoptysisandprofusehemorrhageswithlethaloutcomeinpatientssufferingfromdestructiveformsoftuberculosisofthelungs(V.V.Navrotskiyetal.),aswellasofworseningoftheconditionofpatientswithchronic,nonspecificlungdisease(CNLD)with variationofnaturalEMF( V .P.Pyatkin).Asaresultofnumerousclinicalandexperimentalstudies,itwasestablishedthatEMFdifferinginvoltagehaveanactiveeffectonmorphologyofblood,itsclottingpropertiesand

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immunologicalactivity( L .Kh.Garkavietal.;Z .N.Nakhil'nitskayaeta l . . ,andothers). TheeffectofEMFonbiophysicalcharacteristicsofbloodhasbeenstudiedmuchless.

InviewofthefactthatmeteopathicreactionsofpatientswithCNLDareasso-ciatedwithimpairmentofexternalrespiration,impaireddeliveryofoxygeninbloodtoorgansandtissues,whichislargelydeterminedbythefunctionalstateoferythrocytes,canbeconsidered oneofthecausesofdevelopmentofthesetofclinicalsymptomsthereof. Itwasdemonstratedexperimentally( E .V.VinichenkoandI .V.Tyun'kov)thatEMF withvoltagethatis10-10higherthanthatoftheGMFhaveasubstantialinfluenceonlabilityofcyto-plasmicmembranesoferythrocytesandactivityofenzymeslocalizedinthem.Inspiteofthemanystudiesdealing withdemonstrationofthebiologicaleffectsofnaturalEMF,thequestionofpossibleinfluenceofGMFvariationsonthefunctionalstateofsurfacemembranesoferythrocytesremainsopen. Thisservedasgroundsforourpresentinvestigation.W ehad74patientswithCNLDunderobservation,sufferingmainlyfromchronicdiffuseobstructivebronchitis,whowereundergoingresortandclimatetherapyinthepulmonologydepartmentoftheinstitute.econductedthestudiesondayswithvaryingdegreesofGMFperturbation. Studiespursuedduringperiodsof magneticcalm 3 -5daysbeforeperturbationofearth'smagneticfieldservedasacontrol. W eonlyanalyzeddatathatwereobtainedondayswithoutconsid-erablefluctuationofsuchmeteorologicalfactorsasairtemperatureandhumidity,atmosphericpressureandwindvelocity.W eusedthe Cpindexformathematicalprocessingofthedatainordertoassessactivityofearth'smagneticfield. GMFwithCpvaluesofupto0.5wasconsideredcalm,0.6-0.9asmildlyperturbed,1.0-1.4asperturbedandover1.5 asdrasticallyperturbed.Forthetests,wetookbloodfromafinger,testingitforacidresistanceandelectrophoreticmobilityoferythrocytes.

ErythrocyteacidresistancewasdeterminedbythemethodofI .A.TerskovandI .I .Gitel'zoninourmodification,whichconsistedofreplacing0.04NHC1,whichisusedashemolytic,with0.25MbufferedmixtureofglycineandhydrochloricacidwithpH3.2. Inaddition,insteadofthetraditionalestima-tionoferythrocyteresistancebasedongraphicplottingoferythrograms,wedevelopedanewmethodthatincludedobtainingconstantsof r i a t t e s . o fspherulationandhemolysisofcells,aswellastimeoftransitionofprocessofspherulationtohemolysis. Forthispurpose,ineachconcretecase,weplottedgraphsofthenaturallogarithmofopticaldensityasafunctionoftime,whichconsistedoftwointersectinglines,thetangentsofanglesofinclinationofwhichprovidethenumericalvaluesoferythrocytespherulationandhemolysisrateconstants. Thepointofintersectionofthelinesonthechartcorrespondstothetimeoftransitionfromerythrocytespherulationtohemolysis.

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Determinationofelectrophoreticmobilityoferythrocyteswasmadeunderamicroscopewithoculargridandrectangularchamber1mmdeep,20mmwideand60mmlong. Thechamberwasfilledwithblooddiluted1000-foldin0.25M saccharose.TherectifierfromaPEF-3electrophoresisinstrumentwasusedasasourceofdirectcurrent,anditwas usedtogenerateanelectricfieldgradientof8.3 V/cm inthechamber. Electrophoreticmobilityoferythrocyteswasdeterminedunderstationaryconditions;theirpositioninthechambercorrespondedtoone-fifthorfour-fifthsofitsdepth.eusedastopwatchtotimecellmigrationintheelectricfield.

Themethodsweusedenableustoobtaininformationaboutresistanceoferythrocytemembranestospherulation and hemolysisinanacidmedium,aswellastodeterminethechargeofthecells'plasmamembrane. Onthebasisofthelatter,wecanassessthesuperficialstructureofbloodcellswithoutappre-ciablechangeordestructionofcellularorganization.

Asca nbeseenintheTable,withincreaseinperturbationoftheGMF,theery-throcytereactionstoanacidmediumchangeppreciably. Thus,withacalmGMFondayswithminimalperturbation(Cp= 0.6-0.9),therateofspherulationandhemolysisoferythrocytes,aswellastimeoftransitionfromspherulationtohemolysis,donotdifferappreciably,whereasduringmarkedgeomagneticper-turbations(Cp>1.0),therateconstantsforcellspherulationandhemolysisincreaseappreciably. Therateoftheerythrocytespherulationprocessesreachesamaximum ondayswhentheCpindexequals1.0-1.4. PeriodsofsevereGMFperturbationarecharacterizedbyanincreaseinconstantsoferythrocytespherulationrate,ascomparedtobothmagneticallycalm(P


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ParametersofkineticsofacidhemolysisandelectrophoreticmobilityofperipheralblooderythrocyteswithvariationofGMFinCNLDpatients

statis-ticalpara-meter

Constantsf Spherulationohemoly- sisimemin

Electropho-Cp index spherula-tion

hemo-lysis

reticmobi-lityym*s Vcm 1xioMnirr10,00,5 M 7,14 28,56 3,36 0,978

tn 0,41 0,81 0,07 0,069n 34 34 34 17

0,61,0 M 5,76 29,94 3,18 1,296m 0,78 3,22 0,14 0,038n 6 6 6 31 i >0,05 >0,05 >0,05


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3 .-Garkavi,L.Kh.,Kvakina,Ye.B .andUkolova,M.A., AdaptiveReactionsandConstitutionalResistance, Rostov na/Donu,2ded.,1979.

4 .avrotskiy,V.V.,Latyshev,G .D.andTarkhova,N.V.,in Sistemasvertyvaniya krovii fibrinoliz [BloodClottingSystemandFibrinolysis],Saratov,1975,pp291-293.

5 .akhil'nitskaya,Z .N.,Klimovskaya,L.D.,Smimova,N.P.etal.,inProblemykosmicheskoybiologii [ProblemsofSpaceBiology],Moscow,

Vol37,1978.6 .ovikova,K.F.,Panov,T .I .andShushakov,A.P.,in Nauchnayasessiya

poprobleme'Klimatiserdechno-sosudistayapatologiya' [ScientificSessiononProblem of ClimateandCardiovascularPathology ] ,roceedings,Moscow,1966,pp87-88.

7 .yatkin,V.P.,in Fizicheskiyefaktoryvreabilitatsiibol'nykhnespetsificheskimilegochnymiiserdechno-sosudistymizabolevaniyami[PhysicalFactorsinRehabilitationofPatientsWithNonspecificLungandCardiovascularDiseases],Yalta,1978,pp16-18.

8 .erskov,I .A.andGitel'zon,I .I.,BIOFIZIKA,No2 ,1957,p259.9 .ushenayte,Ya.P.,Lautsevichus,L.Z .andGuobis,G .Ya.,in Adaptatsiya

organizmaprifizicheskikhvozdeystviyakh [AdaptationtoPhysicalFactors],Vilnius,1969,pp245-248.

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openinglocatedinthebottom oftheunit. The safe compart-mentwasilluminatedbydaylight;thedarkonehadatextolite[resin-impregnatedfabriclaminate]lid[ roof ]andvirtuallynolightpenetratedintoit. Theflooroftheunitconsistedofsteelrods2mmindiameter,1cmapart. Electriccurrentcouldbepassedthroughthefloorgridofthedarkcompartment.Theratswerestimulatedwith40Vcurrent. Inordertodevelopthereflex,ananimalwasputintheilluminated safecompartmentwithitstailtowardtheopeningtotheconnectingcompartment. Sincetherathasatendencytoremainindarkplaces,itrapidly(within1-10s)movedintothedarkcompart-ment. Duringsuchpassageitreceivedelectrodermalstimulationwhichlasteduntilitreturnedintothe safe illuminatedcompartment.fterthis,theratwasimmediatelyremovedfromtheunitandthisendeddevelopmentofthereflex.hencheckingreproductionofthedevelopedreflex,theratwasagainplacedinthe safe illuminatedcompartment,andwerecordedthetimeitstayedtherebeforegoingintothedarkone:thelongertheanimalstayedinthe safe compartment,thebetterableitwastoreproducethereflex. Iftheratdidnotmoveintothedarkcompartmentwithin600s ,itwasremovedfromtheunitandwearbitrarilyconsideredthereflextohavebeenentirelyre-produced.echeckedreproductionofthereflexonthe2d,5th,7th,8thand44thdaysaftercompressionofcarotidsinexperi-mentalandcontrolrats. RatswithcompressedarterieswhichwerenotsubmittedpreviouslytoSMFservedsacontrol. Theresultsobtainedinthisseries(1 8rats)wereprocessedbynon-parametricstatisticalmethods,usingtheUcriterionofWilcoxson-Mann-Whitney.Inthesecondandthirdseriesofexperiments,theratswereexposedtoSMFwiththesameparametersfor4and10days. Onthe4thand10thdaysafterSMF wecheckedtheirresistancetoasphyxia,whichwasassessedaccordingtosurvivaltime(inminutes)inasealedcontainer. Concurrentlywithexperimentalanimals,wesubmittedcontrolratstothesameexperimentalmanipulationswithoutexposuretoSMF. TheresultswereprocessedusingthetcriterionofStudent. Reliabilityofdifferenceswasdetermined withuseoftheifferentialmethodofdataprocessinginordertoruleouttheinfluenceondivergenceofcontrolandexperimentaldataofthescatterwithinthecontrolandexperimentalgroupsduetodifferencesinratage,seasonsandmeteorologicalconditionsoftheexperiments,transportation,etc.

Inthefirstseriesofexperiments,wedemonstratedthedistinctionsofpriorrepeatedexposuretoSMFondynamicsofreproductionoftheconditionedpassive,avoidancereflexaftercompressionofcommoncarotidarteries. Aftercompressionofthesearteries,weobservedconstantreproductionofthepassiveavoidancereflex,which wascharacterizedbysomefluctuationofvalues(seeFigure),inbothcontrolanimalsandthoseexposedtoSMF. Onthe8thday,weobservedcompletereproductionofthereflex. W ewereimpressedbythefactthatratssubmittedtoSMFreproducedthereflexmoredistinctlyanditwas

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morestable,persistingevenonthe44thday,whereasincontrolanimalsthisreflex waslessstable. Thesubmitteddataarereliable(P


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UDC:615.847.8.035US EOFSONIC-RANGEMAGNETICFIELDSINTREATMENTOFSOMEDISEASESoscowVOPROSYKURORTOLOGII,FIZIOTERAPIIILECHEBNOYFIZICHESKOYKUL'TURYinRussianNo3 ,May-Jun82(manuscript received 25Dec81)pp18-21[ArticlebyA.G.Kakuliya,L.A.Abuladze,L.G .Glonti,M.N.MelikishviliandL.S .Urpanishvili,ScientificResearchInstituteofBalneologyandPhysiotherapyimeniI .G.Koniashvili,Tbilisi][Text] Numerousstudieshavedemonstratedtheefficacyoflow^frequencymag-neticfields(MF)inthetreatmentofanumberofdiseases. Clinicalandex -perimentalstudiesoftheeffectsoflow-frequencyMFwereconductedprimarilybymeansofunitsthatgeneratedMFatafrequencyof50Hzandrelativelyhighintensity(10mTormore).ItwasinterestingtoinvestigatetheeffectofvariableMFwithotherparameters(frequencyof2-20kHz,intensity0.1-1mT);anappropriateunitwasproposedbyT .G .ZhgentiandK.A.Nishnianidze(AuthorCertificateNo206235,27Ma y1963). ThestudiesofT.G .ZhgentiandG.Sh.KevanishviliestablishedthattheeffectofMFinthesonicrangeonanimalsandmanisbasedonitsresonanceeffectonthecellularlevel,amongothertypicaleffects.MFinthesonicrangewasusedwithsuccessinthetreatmentofpatientswithleukopeniaofradiationetiology,periodontosis,aswellasdiseasesduetometabolicdisturbances( R .Ya.Vepkhvadzeetal.;T.G .Zhgentietal.,1974,1975,1977).W etestedtheefficacyofMFintheonicrangeonpatientswitharteriosclerosisobliteransofthelowerextremitiesndosteoarthrosisdeformans(OAD). Inaddition,wetestedtheeffectofaourseofsonic-rangeMFonthemodelofOADinexperimentsonrabbits.

Inpatientswithatherosclerosisobliteransofthelowerlimbs,weexaminedlipidmetabolism(levelsofcholesterol,-lipopro-teins,-lipoproteincholesterol,nonesterifiedfattyacids,triglyceridesandtotallipids),aswellasperipheralcircula-tion(methodsofoscillometry,rheovasography,bicycleergometryandmeasurementofskintemperature).npatientswithOAD,weperformedgoniometryandroentgenographyoftheinvolved

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articulations;wetestedbloodforchondroitinsulfateandfractionsthereof,uricacidanddiphenylaminereaction,andbloodserumforactivityofacidandalkalinephosphatases,andS-RB[notfurtheridentified].Bothgroupsofpatientsweretreatedusingaunitthatgeneratessonic-rangeMF(frequency10kHz,intensity2Oe). Duringthetreatment,thelegswereplacedinthespaceoftheinductorcoil;thetreatmentsweregivendailyfor10-15min,andacourseoftherapyconsistedof15treatments.W eproducedanexperimentalmodelofOADonrabbitsbymeansofpartialmeniscectomyoftherightkneebythemethodofMosckowitchetal. W eexaminedthestructureofkneeelementsinhealthyrabbitsandatdifferentintervalsafterpartialmeniscectomyonthe25thday,after4monthsand1year.W eusedMFwiththesameparametersasforpatientsintheexperimentaltreatmentofrabbits:onthe25thday, monthsand1yearafterpartialmeniscectomy.

Underourobservationwere60patients,40to7 5yearsofage,witharterio-sclerosisobliteransofthelegs. Durationofthediseaserangedfrom1to15years. GradeIofthediseasewaspresentin16.7%ofthecases,gradeIIin7 5%andIIIin8.3%.Beforetreatment,thepatientscomplainedofheightenedsensitivitytocold(81.7%),paresthesia(65%),numbness(61.7%),intermittentlameness(100%),etc.eobservedpallor(56.7%),cyanosis(16.7%)anddrynessoftheskin(58.3%),alopecia(Siomashsymptom,45%),changesinnails(38.3%),hyperhid-rosis(3.3%),positiveLampertsign(61.7%),Gol'dflamsign(60%),andtherewasalsoasymmetricpalloroftheheel(38.3%).Asignificantnumberofpatientspresentedimpairedlipidmetabolism,asmani-festedbyanincreaseintotallipids(78032.9mg%),-lipoproteins(72123.6mg%)and-lipoproteincholesterol(1604.3mg%).Therheovasogramshowedregularpulsewaveswithdrasticallyreducedamplitudeandplateau-shapedapices,whereastherewerenoadditionalwavesonthedes-cendingpartofthecurve. Quantitativeanalysisofrheographicparameterswasindicativeofdrasticreductionofrheographicindex(0.270.018),in-creaseinanacroticphaseduration(0.150.011s )andcoefficientofasymmetry(556.4%).W eperformedthebicycleergometertestwithaloadof50kg-m/mintodetermineworkcapacityofthemusclesoftheinvolvedlimbs. Itwasconsideredpositiveifpainappearedinthegastrocnemius. Beforetreatment,thebicycleergo-metertestwaspositiveontheaverageinthe104thsecond.Allpatientspresentedlowskintemperatureandoscillometricindex.

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Afteracourseoftherapy,49(80%)patientspresented0.8-1.6Celevationofskintemperatureandelevationofrheographicindexforbothlegs(0.370.02;P


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Fourmonthsafterpartialmeniscectomy,rabbitsdevelopedmarkedsignsofOAD,ascomparedtointactrabbits:ulceratedregionsandcartilagefissuresweremoreextensive,thicknessofcartilagediminishedtotwo-thirds of normal,in-tensityofstainwasconsiderablylower,therewasnecrosisofcartilagelayersandproliferationofchondrocytes,whichcouldbeinterpretedasaregenerativereaction;osteocyteswereenlargedan dtherewere bonecysts inthesubchon-dralbone.AfteracourseofexperimentalMFtherapyweobservedabeneficialeffect. Therewassignificantreductioninnumberofulceratedregionsinarticularcartilage;the bonecysts disappeared,thesizeofosteocyteswasnormalized,thecarti-lagestainednormallyandthicknessofthearticularcartilagewasclosetonormal.Oneyearafterpartialmeniscectomy,wefounddevelopmentofseverepathologicalchangesintissues;ulcerationofarticularcartilagewassoseverethatitcauseddestructionofalmosthalfofit;stainingofcartilagewasdiminishedtotheextentofinabilitytostainchondrocytenuclei;themarginsbetweenchondrocytesdisappeared,therewasnecrosisofthesuperficiallayerofcarti-lageandproliferationofcartilaginouscellsinthebottomregions.distinctboundaryappearedbetweendeadandlivechondrocytes. Necrosisan dformationof bonecysts weredemonstrablebecauseoftheexcessivethickeningofthebone;thethicknessofthecartilagedecreasedtoone-halfofnormal.Duringthisperiodofexperimentalosteoarthrosis,acourseofMFtherapyinthesonicrangewaslesseffectiveandweobservedvirtuallynoregressionofthepathologicalprocess.Thus,MFinthesonicrangewasinstrumentalindisappearanceorreductionofcomplaintsandseverityofobjectivesignsofdisease;itimprovedcirculationofbloodand workcapacityofmuscles,normalizedtheimpairedlipidmetabo-lism(particularlythatof-lipoproteinsandtotallipids)inthepresenceofatherosclerosisobliterans,andnormalizedtotalchondroitinsulfateanditsfractionsinthecaseofOAD. ThebestresultswereobtainedwithMFtherapyattheearlystagesofdisease.Theexperimentalstudiesestablishedthatpartialmeniscectomyofrabbits'kneejointselicited,alreadyonthe25thday,insignificantsignsofOADandmarkedsignsofarthritis,whereasafter4monthsitreproducedOAD,whichisusedwithsuccessasamodelforthestudyofthepathologicalstructurean defficacyoftreatingosteoarthrosis. TreatmentofexperimentalOAD withsonic-rangeMFledtoregressionofdegenerativechangesinarticularelementsorsignificantattenuationoftheirseverity,anditwasmoreeffectiveattheearlystagesofosteoarthrosis.COPYRIGHT: Voprosykurortologii,fizioterapiiilechebnoyfizicheskoy

kul'tury ,198210,657CSO:1840/ 398

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UDC:615.847.8SOURCESOFARTIFICIALMAGNETICFIELDSFORIMPLANTATION(EXPERIMENTALSTUDY)MoscowVOPROSYKURORTOLOGII,FIZIOTERAPIIILECHEBNOYFIZICHESKOYKUL'TURYinRussian No3 ,May-Jun82(manuscriptreceived16Sep81)pp5 3-55[ArticlebyA.M.DemetskiyandG.V.Lud,DepartmentofOperativeSurgeryandTopographicAnatomy(headedbyProfA.M.Demetskiy),VitebskMedicalInstitute][Text] Unitsthatgeneratestatic,variable,pulsedandotherformsofmagneticfields(MF)aretheprincipalsourcesofMFcurrentlyusedinmedicine. Inspiteoftheratherwidedistributionoftheseunits,theyhaveseveralflawsthatdonotpermitusingMFinallneededcases,particularlyfortreatmentofdeep-lyingorgansandtissues. Insuchcases,onehastocreateonthesurfaceMFithenergythatwoulddefinitelyelicitpathologicalchangesinthesuperficialtissuesinordertoachievetherequiredtherapeuticeffect.Forthisreason,itisunderstandablethatresearcherswanttofindasourceofartificialMFthatcouldbebroughtdirectlytoitstarget,regardlessofthedepthatwhichitissituated.Thefirststageofoursearchalongtheselineswasdevelopment,togetherwiththeLeningradBranchoftheScientificResearchInstituteoftheRubberIndustry,ofspecialelasticmagnets withasiliconcoatingforimplantationinthebody(A.M.Demetskiyetal.). Theefficacythereofwastestedinanexperimenton3 0dogs. W eexaminedblood-clottingfunction,morphologyofgreatarteriesandsurroundingtissuesinacontrolgroup( 8dogs)afterapplicationofacircularvascularsutureandintheepxerimentalgroup(2 2dogs)afterananalogousoperationwithapplicationoverthevesselofanelasticmagnet withfieldinductionof0.5-30mT. Themagnetwasintheshapeofahollowtubewithonelengthwiseslit;thenorthpolewasdirectedtowardthevessel. Thewoundwassuturedandelasticmagnetleftinsidethebodyfor1dayto6months,afterwhichitwassurgicallyremoved.Thebestresultswereobtained withinductionofa3mTmagneticfieldusedfor7days.heprocessofbloodcoagulation wasnormalizedalreadybythe7 thday,whereashypercoagulationpersistedfor1monthincontrolanimals.Morphologicalexaminationofthegreatarteryatthesiteofthesuturesandsurroundingtissuesrevealedthatconstantexposuretothefieldoftheelasticmagnetictubediminishedsignificantlytissularedemaatthesiteofsurgicalintervention,therebycausingearlyformationofathinnerandmore

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delicatecicatrix(bythe15thday). Proliferationofyounggranulationtissuewasdemonstratedatthesiteoftheelasticmagnet,whichwasinsignificantuptothe7 thday,whereaswhenthemagnetwasleftinthebodyforover1monthaconnectivetissuecapsuledevelopedaroundthetube,separatingitfromsur-roundingtissues. Inthecontrolseries,tissularedemaandleukocyteinfil-trationwerefoundatthesiteofthevascularsuturefor2weeks. Formationofaconnectivetissuecicatrixwascompletebytheendofthe1stmonth,andthearterialwallatthissitewasthickened.Thus,implantationofanelasticmagnetresultedinratherrapidrestorationofbloodclottingfunctionandacceleratedformationofanarterialwallcicatrixafterapplyingvascularsutures;reductionofedemaandleukocyteinfiltrationoftissuesatthesiteofthesuturecreatedconditionsforformationofamoredelicatean dthincicatrix.However,inspiteoftheefficacyoftheproposedmethodoftreatment,itsflawsincludethepresenceofaforeignbodyintheorganismandneedtoperform asecondoperationtoremovethemagnet. Forthisreason,thenextstageofourworkwastodevelopanMFsourcethatwouldundergogradualresorptionafterimplantation. Suchasourcewascreatedonthebasisofacollagensponge.W emadeanexperimentalstudyoftheeffectofimplantationofaresorbingMFsourceonbloodvesselsandsurroundingtissuesaftervenousautoplastyonthecarotidartery.W econductedthreeseriesofexperiments. Inthefirstseries( 7dogs)weexaminedtheprocessofalterationofthevascularwall,conditionofsurround-ingtissues,reactionofperipheralbloodanditscoagulationsystem,aswellassystemicreactiontothevenousautoplasticoperationonthecarotidartery.Inthesecondseries( 7dogs),afterananalogousoperation,weappliedastripofcollagensponge,I* 2cminsize,ofthesamecompositionastheresorbingMFsourcebutnotmagnetized,overthe> y e t t o u sautotransplant. Inthethirdseries( 7dogs),weimplantedastripofresorbingMFsource. Thedefectinthecommoncarotidarterywasreplacedwithasegmentofthefemoralvein1.5-2cminlengthfromtherighthindlegofthesameanimal. Examinationswereperformedbeforetheoperation,thenonthe1st,3d,7th,15thand30thdaysafterit. W eevaluatedbloodclottingfunctionaccordingtoindicatorsofthethromboelastogramandbiochemicalcoagulogram. Generalbloodtestsenabledustodemonstratechangesinitsmorphologicalcomposition. W eevaluatedthesystemicreactiononthebasisofbloodlevelsofhistamine,serotonin,malonicdialdehyde,glucoseand11-hydroxycorticosteroids,aswellasplasmaanderythrocytepotassiumandsodium. Thecarotidarteryintheregionofthetransplantwithsurroundingcellulartissue,contralateralcarotidartery,jugularveinandregionallymphnodesweresubmittedtohistologicalexamination.Thematerialwasfixedin10%neutralformalinandimbeddedincelloidin. Sec-tionswerestainedwith hematoxylin-eosin,accordingtoVanGieson,andforfibrinaccordingtoWeigert.Analysisofperipheralbloodrevealedthat,inanimalsofthecontrolgroup,therewasanincreaseinESR[erythrocytesedimentationrate]to0mm/h

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( P=0.005),increaseinleukocytecount,leftshiftofleukocyteformulaagainstthebackgroundofdeclineofquantityofeosinophilsandlymphocytes( P 0.012)forthefirst3daysaftervenousautoplastyofthecarotidartery. Startingonthe3 ddayanduptotheendofthe1stmonth,therewasadeclineinerythro-cytecount(P


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( P=0.005);inadditiontherewasaccumulationofpotassiuminerythrocytes( P=0.002). Changesappearedattheintermediatestage:decreaseinpotassiumandsodiumcontentoferythrocytes,whichwasrelatedtoadecreaseinnumberthereof,whilethehistaminelevelremainedelevatedagainstthebackgroundofdeclinetotwo-fifthsinserotonincontent(P=0.05). Therecoveryperiodwascharacterizedbythesamephenomenaasinthecontrolseriesofexperiments:decreaseinerythrocytesodiumcontent,diminishedperoxidation,insignificanthyperglycemia,elevationofplasmapotassiumlevel.Inthethirdseriesofexperiments,wedemonstratedattheearlystage(lst-3ddays)thesamechangesasintheotherseries. Substantialdifferencesweredemonstrated inthe intermediatestage(3d-15thdays):higherserotoninlevelthanhistaminelevel,againstthebackgroundofsignificantdeclineofthelatter(P


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ofartificialMFbasedonacollagenspongeandsiliconrubbercouldbeusedforimplantationduringsurgicalinterventionsonvesselsinordertoaccelerateregenerationofsurgicalhypercoagulationandincreaseresistanceofthebody.

BIBLIOGRAPHY1 . Demetskiy,A.M.,Lud,G .V.,Ivanov,K.K.etal., AuthorCertificate

No676288(USSR), 1979.COPYRIGHT: Voprosykurortologii,fizioterapiiilechebnoyfizicheskoy

kul'tury ,198210,657 CSO:1840/ 398

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UDC:615.849.11.03 MAGNETICFIELDSOURCESINCURRENTUS EFORTHERAPYMoscowVOPROSYKURORTOLOGII,FIZIOTERAPIIILECHEBNOYFIZICHESKOYKUL'TURYinRussianNo3 ,May-Jun82pp6 2 - ^ 6 5[ArticlebyG .R.Solov'yeva,Ail-UnionScientificResearchInstituteofMedicalInstrumentBuilding,Moscow][Text] Unlikehigh-frequencyfields,low-frequencyelectricfields,ultrasonicwavesndUV[ultraviolet]radiation,low-frequencymagneticfields(MF)penetrateinlivetissuesjustasfreelyasair. Theintensitythereofdiminishesasthedistancefromthesourceincreasesandthepatientvirtuallyfailstofeelthem. MFaredetectedbymeansofameasuringinstrumentindicator. ThemetrologicalcharacteristicsofMFarealsospecific.Aninductoracoilwithferromagneticcore(electromagnet)orwithoutit(solenoid)withcurrentflowingarounditaswellaspermanentmagnetpre-magnetizedbodymadeofmagneticallyhardmaterial,maybeasourceofMF.Devicescontaininginductorsmustbedesigned,manufacturedandoperatedwithadherencetoelectricsafetyrulesformedicalequipment.Thehighestfieldintensityofanelectromagnetandpermanentmagnetisatthepoles,anditdiminishesrapidlyasthedistancefromthemincreases. Forthisreason,whenadministeringtreatments,thepathologicalfocusisplacedascloseaspossibletoapoleorbetweeninteractingpoles. Fieldintensityisatamaximuminasolenoidintheinternalhollow partanditdecreasesasthedistancefromthecoilsincreases. Whenthepathologicalfocus(forexample,inalimbthatisinaplastercast)isplacedinthespaceofasolenoid,MFaffects alldeeptissuesanditsintensityinthesetissuesdifferslittlefromtheintensityintheregionoftheskin.TheefficacyofMFdependslargelyonthefeaturesoftheequipmentused.TheMFparametersinapatient'sbodyaredeterminedbythefrequencyoffieldchange,typeofsource,itspowersource,aswellasdimensions,configurationandreciprocallocationofthefieldsourceandpatient. Forthisreason,itisoftendifficulttocomparetheresultsoftreatmentwhendifferentMFsourcesareused.Thevectorofmagneticinduction(B)isanimportantMFparameter,i.e.,itsintensityanddirection. Ifthevectorsofmagneticinductionarethesameat

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allpointsoftheareaofactionofthesource(workingfieldvolume),theMFishomogeneous. Inthiscase,itsintensityisdefinedbyonevalueofmagneticinduction. However,inthevastmajorityoftherapeuticmethodsandbiologicalexperiments,heterogeneousMFareusedinMFsourcesfortherapy,inwhichthevectorofmagneticinductionisdifferentinmagnitudeanddirectionfrompointtopoint. Forthisreason,aheterogeneousMFcannotbereproducedonthebasisofonlyonevalueofmagneticinduction. Atwo-dimensionalpatternofMF,inwhichtheintersectionoffieldsourceandlineofequalmagneticinductionisshowntofullscale,whichpermitsdeterminationofMFintensityatallpointsoftheregioninquestion,isaninformativecharacteristicofitsparametersandconvenientfortreatment.

DHeterogeneityofMFischaracterizedbythegradientofmagneticinduction(wherexisthedirectionofmaximumfieldchange),whichisadifferentialparameterthatisavector,likemagneticinduction,andusuallychangesfrompointtopoint. Sinceindustrydoesnotproduceinstrumentsformeasuringthegradientofmagneticinduction,useoftheMFpattern . i svirtuallytheonlymethodofexperimentalevaluationthereof.Unfortunately,thereliabilityofvaluesofmagneticinduction,particularlyitsgradient,citedbydifferentauthorsoftenraisessomedoubts. Onedoesnotunderstandwhich MFpointtheycorrespondto,thereisnomethodofdeterminingthem,noraretheensorandprobedimensionsgiven.istakesaremade,whicharerelatedtotheuseofnonstandardmeasurementmethods,particularlyinthecaseofpulsatingandpulsedfields. Foravariablefield(sinusoidal,pulsating,pulsed),thevaluesofmagneticinductionanditsgradientcouldbeamplitudinal,activeoraverage,butthenecessarydefinitionisoftenomitted. Insomestudies,whendescribingunits,itisnotclearwhethertheauthorsarereferringtofrequencyofMF wavesorpulserecurrencefrequency. Whentheinductorispoweredbyarectifier,thedirectcurrentisusuallyaccompaniedbypulsationsanalternatingcomponentwithafrequencyof50or100Hz,andonecanbecertainoftheproperfieldcharacteristicsonlywhenthepulsationsarequantitativelyevaluated.AllthisdoesnotenableustoofferherereliablecharacteristicsoftheMFsourcesinquestionorretainuniformityindescribingdifferentunits.Commercialunits,stationaryandportable,forlow-frequencymagnetotherapyandanumberofworksdescribingsuccessfulusethereofappearedatthestartofthe20thcentury;however,magnetotherapywasthenforgottenformanyyears.ThedifficultstageofitsrebirthislinkedwiththenameofaSovietphysicist V.I .Karmilov,whoworkedinPermnthe1930's-1940's.Intheearly1970's,onlytwotypesofcommercialunitswereusedfortherapeuticpurposesandtheydidnotgainwidepopularityTheRomanianunit,agneto-diaflux, andtheJapaneseMagnetizErunits. Inaddition,severalexperi-mentalunitswereandcontinuetobeused,butasaruletheydonotmeetthespecificationsformodernphysiotherapeuticequipmentandforthisreasoncannotberecommendedforseriesproduction.Substantialchangeshavetakenplaceinthelast10years. Seriesproductionoftheolyus-1 unitstartedin1975;almostsimultaneouslythecommercialMagnet o t r p . n - (FRG)appeared. Thus,physiotherapistsntheUSSRandabroad

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werefurnishedwith modernseries-producedequipmentand,ofcourse,thequestionaroseastoitsplaceamongknownunits. TheMFsource(inductororpermanentmagnet)istheprincipalelementofalldevicesandunitsformagnetotherapy.Electromagnet-inductors: Thefirstdomesticcommercialunitforlow-frequencymagnetotherapy,olyus-1, becameverypopular. Itisportableanddesignedforlocaltreatment(fromadistanceorwithcontact)bymeansofoneortwoconcurrentlyoperatingexchangeableinductors. Thelatterarepoweredbysinusoidalorpulsatinghalf-wavecurrentatafrequencyof50 Hz indirectoralternatingmode. Theunitconsistsoffiveelectromagnet-inductors,oneofwhichisforcavitaltherapy. Therangeofeffectsofinductors,asdeterminedfrompicturesoftheirfields,isratherwide. Thus,theamplitudeofmagneticinductionisupto1mT,whichisatleast20timesgreaterthanearth'sfield,atadistanceof10cmfromtheendofaninductorwithastraightcore.Thereisabuilt-inindicatorofpresenceofMF.TheJapanesecommercial' Magnetizer *units(portableandstationary)aresourcesofbothMFandperceptiblevibrations. Theyareequippedwithinductor-electromagnetspoweredbysinusoidalcurrentatafrequencyof50Hz,whichcanbeturnedonsimultaneouslyorbychoice. Maximum amplitude ofmagneticinductiononthereductorsurfacedoesnotexceed15mT. Theinductorsarebuiltinstationaryunitsintheformofachairormattress. Thechairweighs65kgandtheportableunitupto11kg. ThereisanexternalMFindicator,similartothoseusedforUH Felectricfields. TheseunitsdonotmeetspecificationsforsafetyofelectricequipmentineffectintheUSSR,andforthisreasontheycanbeoperatedonlywhenpoweredbyadistribution[partition]transformer wit hdoubleorstrongerinsulation.InRiga,astationaryexperimentalunitforaspatiallyorientedelectromagnet-inductorhasbeenusedtothromboseaneurysmsofthebrainforover10years;theunitweighs2tons. Inoneofitsmodificationsthereisachannelforx-rays.Solenoid-inductors: TheyareusedinRomanianstationarycommercialMagnetodiaflux units. Theunitcontains2solenoidswithoutsidediametersof60and3 5cm(lumbarandcervical)thatarepoweredbyapulsatingvoltagesourcewithafrequencyof50and100Hzinacontinuousandintermittentmode( 3seachandapause,ornonrhythmicalternationoftreatmentandpause).Accordingtotheauthors,theimportanceofthecervicalsolenoidisthatithasadirecteffectontheregionofthecarotidsinus. Thisunitisnotex -ported;dataaboutsuccessfulusethereofaresubmittedbyRomanianauthorsinnumerouspublicationsofthe1960's. Theystatethatmagneticinductionequals25mT. Theunitweighs21kg,thesolenoids8.3 and3 .2kg,respectively.ConsiderablyheavierandmorecumbersomestationaryunitsarealsousedintheUSSRandabroad. Morethan10yearsofexperienceintherapyusinganexperimentalunitwithinductor-solenoid,thespaceinwhichissufficienttoaccommodatebothlegsandthepelvisminor,hasbeenaccumulatedinKuybyshev,Izhevskan dOrenburg. Theunitismadeupinsectionsanditispoweredbyafull-waverectifier. Magneticinductiondoesnotexceed50mT. Theunitconsumesatleast1kW ,anditweighsorethan1ton. CommercialunitsmanufacturedintheFRG


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with suchsolenoids,withadiameterof50cm,thatarenotshorter(upto60cminlength). Theinductorsarepoweredbyasourceofpulsatingvoltageatafrequencyof50Hz,trainrecurrencefrequencycanbeadjustedfrom1to50Hzandamplitudeofmagneticinductiondoesnotexceed10mT.Whentheaboveunitsareusedfortherapy,thepatient'sheadandtrunkareinanMFofanappreciableintensity,i.e.,thereisvirtuallyawhole-bodyeffect,whichmayelicitundesirableside-effects.Theexperimemtal'portableGIMPunitisbeingusedwithsuccess;initthepulsesaresuccessivelydeliveredfromageneratoratafrequencyof1to1000Hzto10spatiallyscatteredsectionsofaninductor-solenoidwithinsidediameterof10.6cmandthicknessof0.65cm. IneachsectiontheMFwithintensityofabout1mTchanges,forexample,atafrequencyof100Hzifpulserecurrencefrequencyis1000Hz. Consumedpowerisabout20W A,weight5kg,dimensionsoftheelectronicunit210x240x200mm.Aportableunitforlow-frequencymagnetotherapy,thePolyus-101(Polyus-10intheexperimentalvariant),tobeusedfortreatmentoflesionstotheextremi-ties,bymeansof2solenoid-inductorswithinsidediameterof22cmandweightofabout2.5kg,whichisbeingdevelopedattheAll-UnionScientificResearchInstituteofMedicalInstrumentBuilding,isbeingpreparedforcommercialproduction. Frequencyofoscillations[waves]ofthesinusoidalMFisabout1000Hz. Thereareprovisionsforcontinuousandintermittentmodesofoperation. Overtheentirespaceofthesolenoid,theamplitudeofmagneticinductionisatleast1.5mT,andatleast1mTatadistanceof8cmalongtheaxistoeithersideofthecenter. ThepresenceofanMFisverifiedbymeansofabuilt-inindicator. Theunitwithallitsequipmentdoesnotexceed10kginweight.A solenoid-inductorwasdevelopedasanadditiontotheequipmentofinductorelectromagnets; ofthePolyus-1unitforcomparativetestsatfrequenciesof1000and50Hz. Theinsidediameterofthesolenoidis22cm,length4cmandweightabout2.5kg. Overtheentirecavityofthesolenoid,theamplitudeofmagneticinductionisatleast3mTandatadistanceof10cmalongtheaxis,toeithersideofthecenterofthesolenoid,itisatleast1mT. Thereisapositionoftheintensityswitches,inwhichthepatternsofthefieldofthissolenoidandthesolenoidofthePolyus-10unitcoincide.AnexperimentalunitfortreatmentwithpulsedMFbymeansofaninductor-solenoidhasbeenusedformanyyearsinthePeople'sRepublicofBulgaria.Thesolenoidispoweredbysinusoidalvoltageatafrequencyof50Hzthroughathyristorkey,recurrenceandintervalfrequencyisregulatedfrom1to10Hz,amplitudeofmagneticinductionisabout20mT.Permanentmagnetsav ebeenusedfortherapeuticpurposesforalongtime.Iftheyarestationary,astaticMFisgeneratedaroundthem,forwhichthevectorofmagneticinductionisconstantintime.Itisknownthat,ascomparedtovariableandpulsedfields,astaticMFelicitsalessmarkedtherapeuticeffect.oreover,itsparametersarenotregulatedduringoperation.

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Fortherapeuticpurposes,weconsideritpromisingtousepermanentelasticmagnetsmadeofmagnetoelastic,whichreferstocompositionmaterialsbasedonrubberorelasticdielectricswithferromagneticfillers.agnetoelastica r i dproductsmadewiththem,differinginshapeandsize,areusedextensivelyinthenationaleconomy. IntheUSSR,theLeningradBranchoftheScientificResearchInstituteoftheRubberIndustryisworkingondevelopmentandintro-ductionthereof. Elasticmagnetsarecheaper;theyareconvenienttouseunderambulatoryconditionsandinthehome. However,therangeoftheireffectisconsiderablynarrowerthanthatofothermodernsourcesofMFandthefieldtheygeneratepenetratestoaninsignificantdepthinthepatient'sbody.Commercialelasticmagnetotherapeuticapplicators( magnetophoresheetappli-cators )*aremadeof2mmthicksheets;theirareais62xP2,125x62and250x62mm,theyweigh2,64and128g ,respectively.aximummagneticinduc-tiononthesurfaceoftheapplicatorsisabout3 5mTanditisrepeatedovertheX andYaxesevery8and20mm,respectively. Thenecessityofpackingapplicatorsinpolyethylenebagstopreventcontactwiththeskinmakesthemdifficulttouse,sincetheintegrityofthepackagingisreadilyimpairedanditsservicelifeisquitelimited.Atthepresenttime,amagnetoelastichasbeendeveloped,useofwhichhasbeenpermittedbytheToxicologicalServiceoftheUSSRMinistryofHealthfordirectcontactwiththeskin,woundsurfaceandmucousmembranes. Ex-perimentalmagnetotherapeuticbougieshavebeenmanufacturedfromthismaterialforuseinproctology,gynecologyandurology. Thebougiesare9 ,17or22mmindiameterandupto3 00mm inlength. Theycanbeshortenedordividedintotwoparts. Maximummagneticinductiononthesurfaceofabougieis40mT,droppingto1mTatadistanceof2-3cm;thereisnumerousalternationofpoles.Permanentmagnetsareusedintherapeuticbracelets,abouttheeffectsofwhichthereisstillnoagreement.Alternationofpermanentmagnetpolesisusedto magnetize water. Thereareisolatedreportsonthetherapeuticeffectofdrinkingsuchwater;however,thismatterrequiresfurtherinvestigation.Thetimeis now ripetoelaboratestandardizedspecificationsofMFfeaturesasatherapeuticfactor.he ndescribingtheeffectsofMF,thefollowingshouldbeindicated:typeofsource(electromagnet-inductor,solenoid-inductor,per-manentmagnet);powersource(sinusoidal,pulsed,direct),andforsinusoidalcurrentonemustindicatewavefrequency,forpulsedcurrenttheshapeanddurationofpulses,frequency;fordirectcurrentcoefficientofpulsations;two-dimensionalfieldpatternintheformoflinesofequalmagneticinduction,on whichthecross-sectionoftheMFsourceisrenderedtoscalewithf tInthetechnicalliterature,elastic,magnetodielectricswithhighcoerciveforcearecalledmagnetoelasticselastmagnets?].orthesamematerials,A.S .Feferintroducedtheterm, magnetophores, whichishardlyexpedient.

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indicationofthemethodsandmeasuringinstrumentsusedt oobtaini t(inthecaseofnonstandardmeansofmeasurement,theremustbeadetaileddes-criptionofmethods);characteristicsofconcomitantfactors(heat,vibration,etc.).

BIBLIOGRAPHY1 .MedicalEquipment. ElectricalSafety. GeneralSpecificationsand

TestingMethods, GOST12.2.025-76.2 .Applicators,MagnetophoneSheets, TU[TechnicalSpecifications]17-09.3 .lekseyev,A .G .andKornev,A .Ye., ElasticMagneticMaterials, Moscow,1 9 7 6 . - 4 .erlin,Yu.V .etal., AuthorCertificationNo697131(USSR),IZOBRETENIYA,No4 2 ,1979.5 .ilenkin,L .Ya., AuthorCertificateNo21275(USSR).6 .ikut,R .P .andMiller,D .K., AuthorCertificateNo ' 4 3 4 9 4 9 - (USSR),IZOBRETENIYA,No- 2 5 ,1974.7 .dem, AuthorCertificateNo491390(USSR), IZOBRETENIYA,No4 2 ,1975.8 .dem,in Novatory-medikipraktikezdravookhraneniya [Physician-InnovatorsforPublicHealthPractice],Riga,1976,p201.9 .ivenson,A .R., ElectricalSafetyofMedicalEquipment, Moscow,2ded.,1981.

1 0 .itbreyt,I .M .etal.,in Primeneniyemagnitnykhpoleyvklinicheskoymeditsineieksperimente [ClinicalMedicalandExperimentalUseofMagneticFields],Kuybyshev, 1979,p8 0 .

1 1 .olov'yeva,G .R.,MED.TEKHNIKA,No3 ,1970,p3 5 .1 2 .dem,Ibid,No3 ,1974,p4 1 .1 3 .dem,ELEKTRONNAYAOBRABOTKAMATERIALOV,No6 ,1974,p6 5 .1 4 .olov'yeva, G .R.,Yeremin,V .A .andGorzon,R .R.,MED.TEKHNIKA,No5 ,

1973,p2 9 .1 5 .olov'yeva,G .R.,Yeremin,V .A .andPetrova,N .A., AuthorCertificateNo676286(USSR), IZOBRETENIYA,No2 8 ,1979.1 6 .dem,NOVOSTIMED.TEKHNIKI,No3 ,1979,p6 7 .1 7 .dem,Ibid,No4 ,1979,p6 5 .

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1 8 .anaka,M., AuthorCertificateNo7248/61, Japan.1 9 .odorov, N . , KURORTOL.IFIZIOTER.(Sofia),No3 ,1974,p139.2 0 .efer,A .S . , AuthorCertificateNo445438(USSR), IZOBRETENIYA,No3 7 ,

1974.COPYRIGHT: Voprosykurortologii,fizioterapiiilechebnoyfizicheskoy

kul'tury ,198210,657CSO:1840/398

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UDC:615.471:615.847.8]-015.4 UNITFOREXPOSURE?OFBIOLOGICALOBJECTSTOSTATICMAGNETICFIELDMoscow VOPROSYKURORTOLOGII,FIZIOTERAPIIILECHEBNOYFIZICHESKOYKUL'TURYinRussianNo3,May-Jun82pp65-66[ArticlebyM.S .GollnskayaandG.D.Kozlov,ExperimentalDepartment(headedbyProf0.A.Krylov),CentralScientificResearchInstituteofBalneologyandPhysiotherapy,Moscow][Text]agnetswithdifferentconfigurations,dimensions,weight,etc.areusedassourcesofartificialstaticmagneticfields(SMF)inbiomedicalexperiments. Thefrequentflawofsuchdevicesisthat,becauseofgeometricdimensions,itisimpossibletolocalizethemagneticfieldtoaspecificregionofabiologicalobject(L.P.Barsukovaetal.;M.F.Murav'yevetal.;V.V.Osipovetal.).A simpledevicewasdevelopedinourdepartment(Figure1) ,whichenabledustolocalizetheeffectofSMFtoaspecificregioninasmalllaboratoryanimal.Init,weused2ferritemagnets,brand6BI250,andconicalconcentratorsofmagneticflux madeofmagneticallysoftbrand3 41steel. Theconcentratorswereappropriatelymagnetizedundertheeffectofthemagnets'magneticfieldandtherequiredmagneticfieldwasthengeneratedinthespacebetweenthem.Thedegreeofmagnetizationoftheconcentratorsand,consequently,inductionofmagneticfieldbetweenthemwasvariedbyintroducingnonmagnetic(paper)linersofdifferentthicknessbetweenthemagnetsan dconcentrators(a=8um) .Itispossibletochangemagneticfieldinductioninthespaceexaminedbyusingmagnets differinginspecificenergy(Yu.M.Pyatin).Eachmagnetinourunitisintheformofasheet3 0x 15 x10mminsize. Theyareplacedintrays[cuvettes]oforganicglass40x30x25mm insize,whichareattachedtogetherwiththemagnets toverticalstrutsmadeoforganicglass[plexiglas]andtheyhavegraduations,whichpermitscheckingtheheightatwhichthemagnetsarepositioned. Thedimensionsoftheverticalstrutsare120x30x5mm;theyaremovableintheslotsofthehorizontalplatform(190x90x25mm)alsomadeofplexiglas,sothatthedistancebetweenthem,i.e.,betweenthemagnets, canbevaried. Theareaoftheendoftheconcentratorsweused,whichisappliedtothemagnet,mayequalthepoleofthemagnet. Theyareconicalinshapeandvaryinlength(25to50mm),themaximumconcentrator end areaequalingthesurfaceofthemagnetplateandminimum diameterof5to2mm. Theyaresecuredintheslotsofthetray. A

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^180changeinpositionofmagnetsinthecuvettesmakesitpossibletocreatedifferentcombinationsoforientationofthemagneticfieldinthespacebetweenconcentrators.

Figure1 .UnittoexposebiologicalobjectstoSMF1)horizontalplatform2 )verticalstruts3 )cuvettes4 )concentrators

N S H \ftf I 1

w - - - s - j . \ IBx Figure2 .Variantsofunitoperationandgraphsof

distributionofmagneticfieldinductioninexaminedspaceonhorizontal(Bx)andvertical(Bz)axes. Onthegraphs:x-axis,distance(mm)fromcentertosourceofmagneticinduction;y-axis,magneticfieldinduction(mT)a)heteropolarlocationofmagnetic

inductionsourcesb)monopolarlocationofthesesourcesc)heteropolarlocationofpoleswith

concentratorsd)linersbetweensourcesofmagnetic

inductionandconcentratorse)vertical^ distributionofmagneticinductionsourcesf )samewithconcentrators

W eusedaprobewithKholla-101sensorlxl,5x0.2mminsizepoweredby10-25mA(F-4354/1nstrument)atintervalsof5mmfromthecentertoinductionsourcetomeasuremagneticfieldinduction(inmT)intheexaminedspace. Precisionofmovingtheprobe withthesensoroverthehorizontal( X )andvertical(Z)axesischeckedbymeansofaspecialgraduatedverticalstrutthathasslotsfortheprobe. Themeasurementsareenteredintheprotocol.Figure2isaschematicillustrationofpossiblevariantsofunitoperation,aswellasgraphsofdistributionofmagneticfieldinductionoverthehorizontal(Bx)andvertical(Bz)axesintheexaminedspace. Thisfigureshowsthatuseofconcentratorsdifferingindimensionsandlinersmakesitpossibletocon-centrateandaltermagneticfieldinductioninaccordancewiththeobjectivesofexperiments.

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Thisunitisconvenientforworkwithsmalllaboratoryanimals. Itisdis-mountable,anditweighs250-300g . Ittakes3 -5mintoadjusttheoperatingmode.COPYRIGHT: Voprosykurortologii,fizioterapiiilechebnoyfizicheskoy

kul'tury ,198210,657CSO:1840/ 398

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UDC:615.847.8:001.8RECOMMENDATIONSOFSCIENTIFICCOUNCILFORBALNEOLOGYAND PHYSIOLOGY,USSRACADEMYOFMEDICALSCIENCES,ONSCIENTIFICRESEARCHDEALING W ITHMECHANISMOFEFFECTSAN DTHERAPEUTICUS EOFMAGNETICFIELDSMoscowVOPROSYKURORTOLOGII,FIZIOTERAPIIILECHEBNOYFIZICHESKOYKUL'TURYinRussianNo3 ,May-Jun82pp68-69[Article][Text] Atthepresenttime,numerousscientificdatahavebeenobtainedonthequestionofbiologicaleffectsofnaturalandartificiallygeneratedmagneticfields. Thediversityofmethodsofgeneratingartificialmagneticfields,methodsofusingthem andobjectsofbiologicalresearchhasesultedinsig-nificantheterogeneityofdata,andthismadeitnecessarytoestablishtheinformation-coordinatingservice. ThisfunctionwasassignedtotheBionicsSectionoftheScientificCouncilfortheComplex Problemof Cybernetics,USSRAcademyofSciences. Underthesupervisionofthissection,conferencesandseminarshavebeenheld,collectionshavebeenpublishedon magnetobiology,aswellasabibliographyonthesubjectof EffectsofMagneticFieldsonBiologicalObjects. Theseandothermeasureshavebeeninstrumentalinputtingorderintheareaofscientificresearchonmagnetobiology.Concurrentlywithbiologicalresearch,extensive workwasdonewithregardtoinvestigationofthetherapeuticeffectsofartificiallygeneratedmagneticfields. Theirresultswerediscussedatseveralall-Union,republicandoblastconferences:inKuybyshev(1977),Izhevsk(1978,1981),Vitebsk(1980)andelsewhere. Analysisoftheproceedingsoftheseconferencesshowsthatphysi-ciansaredeeplyinterestedinthestudyofphysiologicalandtherapeuticeffectsofmagneticfieldsgeneratedbyvariousunitsproducedcommerciallyorbythecottageindustry,aswellasthewiderangeofdiseasesthatweretreated. However,theresultsofmanyobservationswerenotassociated withanobjectivecontrol,nocontrolstudieshadbeenpursuedwithoutuseofmagneticfields(placebo);therewasinadequatecheckingofintensityofmagneticfieldsusedonthesurfaceofanobjectandindepth,whereasthemethodsoftherapeuticuseofmagneticfieldswerenotableforsignificantdiversity. Allthislimitedthereliabilityoftheobtaineddataandcreateduncertaintyaboutvalidateduseofmagneticfieldsforthediseasesstudied.Itisimperativetoverifyexperimentallyandclinicallytheeffectsofmagneticfieldsusingthesameplanandsamemethodologicalsettoassurereliabilityofresults. Withthis,inmind,theScientificMedicalCounciloftheUSSRMinistry

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ofHealthamedheCentralScientificResearchInstituteofBalneologyandPhysiotherapytoimplementscientificandscientificmethodologicalcoordina-tionofstudiesdealing withmagnetotherapy.W epublish recommendationstoassistscientificworkersandphysiciansinconductingexperimentalandclinicalstudiesfollowingthesamemethodologicalplan,andtheirpurposeistoprovideobjectivityandreliabilityofdataobtainedfromresearchandobservations. Researchandobservationspursuedinaccordancewiththeserecommendationswillmakeitpossibletocreateascienti-ficbaseforpracticaluseofmagneticfieldsforvariousclinicalpathology.Ofcourse,therecommendationsdonotruleoutthepossibilityofconductingscientificresearchusingothermethodologicalprocedures,whichareaimedatobtainingspeciallydeterminedexperimentalorclinicaldatapertainingtotheproblem ofmagnetotherapy.Thefollowingareusedwhenconductingscientificresearchandpursuingscientificclinicalobservationsintheareaofmagnetotherapy:unitsforgenerationofstaticorvariablemagneticfieldsofdifferentfrequencies,shapeandpulserecurrence,aswellaswithapplicatorsintheformofinductorsdifferinginshape,andthesameunitswithapplicatorsintheformofsolenoids;permanentmagnetswithconcentratedpolesnendsthatareroundhorseshoe-shapedorinastraightline;elasticmagneticsystemsbasedonsiliconintheformofplatesorothershapewithpolesdistributedonthesurface(so-calledmagneto-phores).Whenconductingexperimentalandclinicalstudies,onemustindicatethetypeofunitanditsmanufacturer,typeofmagneticfield(static,variable),form,durationandfrequencyofpulsesintime,formofapplicator(inductor,sole-noid)anditslineardimensions,magneticinductivityusedinmillitesla(mT),pole(whenpermanentmagnetsandunitsforastaticmagneticfieldareused),localizationofapplicatorinrelationtothepatient'sbody,durationandfrequencyoftreatments,numberthereofpercourseoftherapy.Subjectiveandobjectiveparametersarerecordedbeforeandafterthefirsttreatment,afterthe5than d10thtreatments,anduponcompletionofthecourseoftherapy,aswellasafterpseudotreatment(procedureswithoutamagneticfield).Thefollowingisatypicaltechniqueforuseofmagneticfields:fieldinduc-tionintherangeof3 - 30mT;distancebetweenmagneticfieldsourceandsurfaceofpatient'sbody0-5cmwhenusingpermanentmagnetsandinductors,0cmwith magnetophores,whenusingsolenoidsthepartofthebodytobeexposedmustbefixedalongtheaxisofthesolenoid,withdeterminationofthedistancebetweenthebodyandinsidesurfaceofthesolenoid;durationoftreat-ments .10-30min;treatmentstobegivendailyoronadifferentscheduleasindicated;totaltreatmentspercourse10-30.Functional,clinical,clinicallaboratoryandbiochemicaltestsareperformedonthedaybeforethefirsttreatment,justpriortoit,immediatelyafterit,aswellas6and12hlater. Similartestsareperformedafterthe5thand10thtreatment,andaftercompletingthecourseoftherapy. Long-termtests

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aremadeafter3 ,6and12monthswithconsiderationofthesameparameters;asecondcourseoftherapycanbegivennosoonerthanafter3months.Itisdesirabletoincludethefollowinginatypicalsetofresearchmethods:a)functionaltests(determinationofheartrate,arterialpressure,externalrespirationparameters,EKG,rheographyofperipheralvessels,whenindicatedelectroencephalographyandrheoencephalography,andothers);b)clinicallabo-ratoryandbiochemicaltestsaregenerallyperformedasisthecustominclinicalpractice,buttothemshouldbeaddedtestingofbloodcoagulatingandanticoagulatingcapacity,erythrocyteaggregation,erythrocytesedimentationrateandhematocrit.Experimentalstudiesarepursuedinordertodeterminetheparametersofdiffer-entsystemsofthebodythatcannotbesubmittedtoclinicalexamination;theyareconductedonappropriatepathologicalmodelsincomparisontohealthyanimals.Thestudiesareconductedinthesameorderasindicatedabovewithregardtoclinicalstudies.Thefollowingareamongthetypicalstudiesfordemonstrationoftheeffectsofmagneticfields:permeabilityofcellmembranetoionsofinorganicsubstanceswithpositiveandnegativepolarity;electricpotentialofmembrane;electricchargeoferytrhocytes;electromotiveforceofblood;erythrocyteaggregation; erythrocytesedimentationrate;free-radicaloxidation;electronspinresonance,bloodclottingcapacity;structuringoffluid[water].Inordertodemonstratethetherapeuticeffectsofmagneticfields,itisrecom-mendedthatclinicalstudiesbemadeinthepresenceofthefollowingtypesofpathology:acuteandchronicasepticandinfectious-allergicinflammatorypro-cessesoftheskeletomuscularsystem;traumatotheskeletomuscularsystem;trophicdisturbances,edema;diseasesofperipheralnervesandvessels;dys-trophicdermatologicaldiseases. Otherpathologicalprocessesarenotruledout.Allclinicalstudiesareconductedsimultaneously on groupsof patientsthataresimilarinnumberandpathologysubmittedtotherapy(experimentalgroup)andpseudotherapy(controlgroup).Treatmentofaspecificgroupofanalogouspatientsusinganyindicatedmethodisadministeredasthemainverificationofefficacyoftherapyusingmagneticfields;uponcompletionofbothcoursesoftherapy,theresultsobtainedinthetwogroupsarecompared. Theconditionsofconductingthestudiesandresultsarerecordedinspeciallogs[protocols]orenteredonthepatients'charts.Theproposedmethodologicalrecommendationsapplytoscientificexperimentalandclinicalstudiespursuedinscientificresearchinstitutionsofpublichealth,departmentsofinstitutesforadvancedtrainingofphysiciansandmedicalinstitutes,aswellasbyphysiciansinthenatureofscientificpracticalobservations.ItissuggestedthatbriefreportsofresultsofstudiesbeforwardedtotheCentralScientificInstituteofBalneologyandPhysiotherapy,50KalininAvenue,Moscow121099.COPYRIGHT: Voprosykurortologii,fizioterapiiilechebnoyfizicheskoy

kul'tury ,198210,657CSO:1840/ 398 42-


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UDC:615.847.8.03:061.3(47+57) 1981ALL-UNIONWORKINGCONFERENCEON'PHYSICOCHEMICALMECHANISMSOFBIOLOGICALEFFECTSOFSTATICANDLOW-FREQUENCYELECTROMAGNETICFIELDS'MoscowVOPROSYKURORTOLOGII,FIZIOTERAPIIILECHEBNOYFIZICHESKOYKUL'TURYinRussianNo3 ,May-Jun82p7 0[ArticlebyProfA.N.KuznetsovandV.M.Shtemler(Moscow)][Text] TheFirstAil-Union W orkingConferenceon PhysicochemicalMechanismsofBiologicalEffectsofStaticandLow-FrequencyElectromagneticFieldsconvenedinPushchinoon19-20October1981;itwasorganizedbytheScientificResearchInstituteforBiologicalTestingofChemicalCompounds,USSRMinistryoftheMedicalIndustry,togetherwiththeInstituteofChemicalPhysics,USSRAcademyofSciences,andInstituteofBiophysics,USSRAcademyofSciences,inaccordancewiththeplanoftheUnifiedSectionofElectromagnetobiologyofscientificcouncilsconcernedwithproblemsofbiologicalphysicsandradiobiologyoftheUSSRAcademyofSciences.Highlyqualifiedspecialistsinvariousbranchesofhysics,physicalchemistryandprominentspecialistsinthefieldofelectromagnetobiologyrepresenting43scientificinstitutionsreferabletodifferentagenciesUSSRAcademyofSciences,USSRAcademyofMedicalSciences,Ail-UnionAcademyofAgriculturalSciencesimeniV.I .Lenin,ministriesofhigherandsecondaryspecializededucation,health,medicalindustry,agriculture,machinebuilding,electricengineeringindustryparticipatedinthisconference.Atotalof6plenaryreportsand18sectionpapersweredeliveredatthecon-ference,whichdealtwith variousaspectsofphysicochemicalmechanismsofbio-logicaleffectsofstaticandlow-frequencyelectromagneticfields(EMF).Asshownbythepapersanddiscussionsthereof,atthepresenttime,themostpromisingmechanismsofbiologicaleffectsofstaticandlow-frequencyEMFtoinvestigatearetheireffectsonbiochemicalreactionswithinvolvementoffree-radicalstates,mesomorphicstructure[ liquid-crystal structure]ofbio-logicalmembranes,ferromagneticinclusionsinbiologicalobjects,aswellasmechanismsbasedonmagnetodynamicandelectrohydrodynamiceffects. Thecon-ferencenotedtheimportanceofintensifyingresearchinthesedirectionsandtheneedtofurtherinvolvehighlyqualifiedspecialistsinphysicalchemistryinsolvingelectromagnetobiologicalproblems.

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Theconferenceshowedthatscheduledresearchthatbringsusclosertounder-standingthephysicochemicalmechanismsofbiologicaleffectsofstaticandlow-frequencyEMFisbeing pursued inseveralscientificinstitutionsScientificResearchInstituteforBiologicalTestingofChemicalCompoundsoftheUSSRMinistryoftheMedicalIndustry;InstituteofChemicalPhysics,USSRAcademyofSciences;AgrophysicsInstituteoftheAll-Union AcademyofAgriculturalSciencesimeniV.I .Lenin;InstituteofPhotosynthesis,USSRAcademyofSciences;InstituteofPhysiologyimeniI .P.Pavlov,USSRAcademyofSciences;PhysicsFacultyofMoscowStateUniversity;thebroadestfrontofresearchinrecentyearshasbeendeployedattheScientificResearchInstituteoftheUSSRMinistryoftheMedicalIndustryandInstituteofChemicalPhysics,USSRAcademyofSciences,underthegeneralsupervisionofL.A.Piruzyan,corres-pondingmemberoftheUSSRAcademyofSciences.Atthesametime,anumberofinvestigationsarestillbeingconductedonaninsufficientlysophisticatedmethodologicalandscientificlevel,whereassomescientificjournalsandcollectionspublishworkscontainingunvalidatedassumptionsandincorrectconclusions,whichdiscreditstheverydirectionofresearch.Forthisreason,theconferencecalledtheattentionofallresearchersworkinginthefieldofelectromagnetobiologytotheneedforadeeperandmorecriticalapproachtotheproblemstheyaresolving. Theconferencerecommendedthatoneshouldnotbelimited,inresearchonalllevelsofbiologicalorganization,tophenomenologicaldescriptionsofelectromagnetobiologicaleffects,butstriveforelucidation ofthemainpatterns,uponwhichtheseeffectsarebased,andtheirpossiblemechanisms.Atthesametime,theconferencenotedthatthereisaneedformorethoroughreviewandscreeningofarticlesdealingwithelectromagnetobiologyinpertinentscientificjournals.Theconferencestatedthat,inviewoftheprospectsofmakingpracticaluseofelectromagneticfieldsinmedicineandagriculture,aswellastheneedtoelaboratescientificallyvalidatedhygienicstandardsandtosolveanumberofecologicala n d :industrial-sanitaryproblemsduetotheeverincreasinguseofEMFinmodernengineeringandeverydaylife,thereispresentlyanacuteneedforqualifiedpersonneltopursuescientificresearchandpracticalorkinthisfield. Thequestionwasalsoraisedoforganizingapermanentseminaronproblemsofbiophysicsofstaticandlow-frequencyEMF.COPYRIGHT: Voprosykurortologii,fizioterapiiilechebnoyfizicheskoy

kul'tury ,198210,657 CSO:1840/ 398

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UDC:616.71/72-007.248-085.849.19LASERTHERAPYFORPATIENTSWITHOSTEOARTHROSISDEFORMANSMoscowVOPROSYKURORTOLOGII,FIZIOTERAPIIILECHEBNOYFIZICHESKOYKUL'TURYinRussianNo3 ,May-Jun82(manuscriptreceived26Feb80 )pp25-29[ArticlebyI .L.Pshetakovskiy,T.V.ShutovaandZ.G.Ostashkova,ArthrologicalClinic(headedbyI .L.Pshetakovskiy,doctorofmedicalsciences),OdessaInstituteofBalneology][Text] Osteoarthrosisdeformans(OAD)iswidespread;itoftenleadstodisabilityandpersistentinvalidism,andforthisreasonitisnecessarytofurtherdevelopmethodsoftreatingit,includingtheuseofphysicalfactors. Inthisrespect,useoflow-energyhelium-neonlaserradiationiswarranted;ithasastimulatingeffectonregenerationofconnectivetissue,thenervous,hemopoieticandothersystems(M.Ye.Zel'tseretal.;V.I .SeiivanovaandP.R.Chekurov;U.Ya.Bogdanovichetal . ;Ye.P.ChenskikhandM.K.Klipitskaya;A.G.Ipatova;T .A.Adzhimolayev;0 .A.Krylov,andothers).OurobjectiveherewastotestthetherapeuticefficacyoflaserradiationandstudythedistinctionsofitseffectsonthemostimportantaspectsofOADpathogenesis.

W econductedtheclinicalstudiesfollowingaspeciallydevelopedprogram.etestedthefunctionalstateofthearticulomuscularsystemdynamicallyaccordingtoparametersofelectromyography,strengthofposturalmusclesandextensorsofthethighandcrus,distributionofweightloadonthefeet;regionalcirculationandneurovascularreactionswereexaminedbyrheography,electrophore-ticepinephrine-dioninetestandelectrothermometry;immunologicalstatusoftheorganismwastestedaccordingtoparametersreflect-inghypersensitivityofthedelayedandimmediatetypesusingthepassivehemagglutinationreaction(PHAR)accordingtoBoydenandinhibitionofleukocytemigrationreaction(ILMR)accordingtoSoborgandBendixenusingcartilageantigen;immunogenesiswasexaminedbymeansoftheplaque-productionreactionwiththeJernemethodasmodifiedbyN.N.KlemparskayaandN.-R.Khodanova.Long-termresultsoflasertherapywereevaluatedonthebasisofaspecialrecordchartandresultsofre-examinationofpatients.

W ehad38patientsunderourobservation,whorangedinagefrom3 0to7 0years,sufferingfromprimaryOAD(21menand17women). GradeIoftheprocess(in

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theclassificationofN.S .Kosinskaya)waspresentin18casesandgradeIIin20. Mostoften,thejointsofthelegswereinvolved,mainlythekneeandhipjoints. Inmostcases,wefoundgradesIandII-Ifunctionalinsufficiency.TheclinicalsignsofOADwerecharacterizedbypain,impairedmovementandsupport,deformationofarticulations,changesinregionalmuscles,etc.A complexwork-upenabledustodetectchangesinregionalhemodynamics,neuro-vascularreactivity,physiologicalworkcapacityandbioelectricactivityofmuscles,aswellasinimmuneprocesses. Thus,accordingtorheographicdata,thepatients,ascompared tohealthysubjects,presentedintheregionoftheinvolvedjointadecreaseinparametersofelasticityofthevascularwallRa(164+5.4and220.33.87ms,respectively;P


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Sedimentationrate6.41.5and6.71.9mm/h,hemoglobin80.44.6and81.33.8%,leukocytes5442312and63421650,eosinophils3.20.7and2.30.39, stabnuclears3.10.3and3.40.28,segmentnuclears55.81.5and54.03.1,lymphocytes32.00.94and35.02.1,monocytes4.80.7and5.31.3.Table1 . Parametersofregionalhemodynamicsandneurovascularreactivityin

OADpatientsbeforeandaftertreatment(Mm)

Parameter Statist,indicatorRheographicdata:

a, ms

R a ,ms

R IEpinephrinetest:timeofappearanceofreaction

sdurationofreaction,mi n

Dioninetest:timeofappearanceofreaction,sdurationofreaction,min

Temperature,C

Grade ofdisease1=14

M mPM PM mPM mPM mPM mPM PM mP

147 / 1 335,2/2,4


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restorationofmpairedadaptationalandtrophicfunctionoftheautonomicnervoussystemaftertreatmentTable2. Parametersofconditionofmusclesbeforeandaftertreatment(Mm)

ParameterElectromyographicdata:contractionamplitude,UV

coefficientofasymmetry,%

Posturaldynamometry,kg

Distributionofweightload,

Statist,indicator

nMmPnMmPnMmPnMmP

Grade,ofdisease~i

1 23 1 8 / 4 5 435,3/3