sustainable electricity for all

ELECTRICITY SUPPLY

SYSTEMS OF THE FUTURE

Rob Stephen – President Cigre

AFSEC conference March 2017

• Founded in 1921, CIGRE, the Council on Large

Electric Systems,

• Our Mission:To be the world’s foremost

collaborative technical reference organization for all

aspects of electric power systems

• Our vision: To be universally recognised as the

leading global organisation for all aspects of electric

power systems

CIGRE

sustainable electricity for all

CIGRE’s technical activities split into 16 Study Committees.

Approximately 230 Working Groups are constantly operating,

grouping together over 3800 experts within the electric energy

sector from all over the world, who are ideally positioned to express

the views of industry

and academia.

sustainable electricity for all

STUDY COMMITTEES

EQUIPMENT

NEW

MATERIAL

S

& IT

SYSTEMSTECHNO

LOGIES

A1

A3 A2

B1

B4 B5

B2

B3C6

C1

C3

C5

C2

C4

D1

D2

16

STUDY

COMMITTEES

sustainable electricity for all

The purpose of modern power systems is to supply electric

energy satisfaying the following conflicting requirements:

High reliability and security of supply

Most economic solution

Best environmental protection

sustainable electricity for all

sustainable electricity for all

• Policies for lower carbon, renewable energy sources (RES), efficient energy use

• Integration of RES and distributed generation (DG) into the grids

• Increased customer participation and new needs for distribution grids

• Progress in technology including ICT• End-of-life grid renewal (ageing assets)• Methods to connect remote areas with no electricity• Market design and regulatory mechanisms for an equitable,

cost-effective transformation• Environmental compliance and sustainability

CHALLENGES

1. Increasing importance of large networks for bulk transmission • capable of interconnecting load regions and large centralized renewable generation

resources including offshore, • to provide more interconnections between countries and energy markets.

2. The emergence of clusters of small, largely self-contained distribution networks• which include decentralized local generation, energy storage and active customer

participation• intelligently managed so that they are operated as active networks providing local

active and reactive support.

The best future will likely have a mix of the two models.

10 issues drive the transformation, and Cigré contributes strongly to them.

sustainable electricity for all

GRID MODELS

sustainable electricity for all

1ACTIVE DISTRIBUTION

NETWORKS

2MASSIVE EXCHANGE

OF INFORMATION

3INTEGRATION OF

HVDC/POWER ELECTRONICS

4MASSIVE INSTALLATION OF

STORAGE

5NEW SYSTEMS OPERATIONS

/CONTROLS

6NEW CONCEPTS FOR

PROTECTION

7NEW CONCEPTS IN

PLANNING

8NEW TOOLS FOR TECHNICAL

PERFORMANCE

9INCREASE OF UNDERGROUND

INFRASTRUCTURE

NEED FOR STAKEHOLDER

AWARENESS10

sustainable electricity for all

SC C6

SC C3

SC C4

SC C5

1 ACTIVE DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS

SC B1

SC B2 SC C1sustainable electricity for all

Key Cigré work on:

Distribution level needs more “smartness” Massive penetration of smaller units imposes the

need for their control and coordination Smart metering massive implementation Evolution of markets and regulation Novel distribution network architectures Microgrids and Virtual Power Plants Solutions for remote micro grid connections Connection of remote areas with no access to

electricity

SC B5

SC C6

SC D2

2 MASSIVE EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION

sustainable electricity for all

Key Cigré work on:

New architecture of the whole system for system operation, protection…

What data must be exchanged and with what kind of requirements (volume, frequency, availability, security, etc.)

Big Data – massive data exchange

In addition: Disaster recovery and restoration plans Cyber security and access control

SC B1

SC B4

SC B2

SC C4

SC C6

SC C1

3 INTEGRATION OF HVDC / POWER ELECTRONICS (PE)

sustainable electricity for all

Key Cigré work on:

HVDC and Power electronics (PE) may create harmonic distortion managed with ac and dc harmonic filtering

Fault behaviour Network performance needs to be carefully

studied, with appropriate models of the HVDC and PE systems

HVDC Grids LV DC grids The penetration of power electronics at

medium and low voltage levels

SC C6

SC C4

SC C1

4 MASSIVE INSTALLATION OF STORAGE

sustainable electricity for all

Key Cigré work on:

Modeling for steady state and dynamic simulations. Management for storage Sizing of storage devices Co-operation with RES for hybrid systems Management in autonomous power systems Ability to reduce peaks Co-operation with DSM Frequency control

SC C2

SC B5

SC C6

5 NEW SYSTEMS OPERATIONS / CONTROLS

sustainable electricity for all

Key Cigré work on:

• Power balancing, congestion and risk management • New software to quickly determine system status

over wide areas, automated configuration adjustment, automated service restoration

• Inertia, synthetic inertia, rate of change of frequency.• Adapt training of system operators.

SC B5

SC C4

SC C6

6 NEW CONCEPTS FOR PROTECTION

sustainable electricity for all

Key Cigré work on:

New Wide area Protection systems Impact on the protection system of new generation

technologies (decreasing short circuit power) Capabilities for Fault Ride Trough Coordination between protection and new generators

capabilities Inadvertent Islanding detection Intentional islanded operation Rapid under frequency operation Data management and architecture of the future Metering as information collectors for distribution

networks automation, home energy management and EVs

SC C1

SC C3

SC C4

SC C6

SC B2

SC B5

7 NEW CONCEPTS IN PLANNING

sustainable electricity for all

Key Cigré work on:

Risk-based planning to manage uncertainties and changes in nature of supply and demand and role of the power system

Interaction of transmission and distribution expansion investment needs, to plan best for demand response, distributed generation

Understand cost, capabilities and lead times of each new technology

Keep learning about pros, cons and combinations of central planning vs. market solutions under changing market and regulatory environments

Single phase analysis, integration of microgrids, load and voltage determination.

Integration of HVDC Grids and AC Networks

SC C4

SC C6

SC C1

8 NEW TOOLS FOR TECHNICAL PERFORMANCE

sustainable electricity for all

Key Cigré work on:

Advanced numerical techniques and numerical methods for the solution of multiphase load-flow problems, steady-state initialization of network studies and time-domain simulation

Bridging the gap between 3-phase and positive sequence modeling – single phase

Geographical Information System (GIS) based tools Advanced tools and techniques for power balancing

and reserve requirement evaluation Operational tools allowing a probabilistic and risk-

based planning New tools for development and operation of active

networks, especially their dynamic behavior, islanding and power quality effects

Models for assessing the interaction between the ac system and HVDC converter stations, HVDC Grids and for FACTS devices

SC B1

SC B2

SC B4

SC C3

SC C4

SC C1

9 INCREASED USE OF EXISTING ROUTES

sustainable electricity for all

Key Cigré work on:

Which technologies can be used for uprating existing lines: probabilistic ratings, real time ratings, high temperature conductors

Convert AC to DC lines Develop new insulated AC or DC submarine and

underground cables for offshore wind farms Investigate the ability of all components to

withstand transients and over voltages Increased use of interconnections and their

implications on planning, operation & control and the establishment of electricity markets

SC B1

SC B2

SC C3

SC C6

SC C1

NEED FOR STAKEHOLDER AWARENESS10

sustainable electricity for all

Key Cigré work on:

In the planning phase:

To demonstrate the usefulness and the benefits given by the network

To guarantee that Sustainable Development principles and issues are being incorporated since this stage

To take into account public views and needs already in the design steps (e.g. the choice of alternatives)

Community involvement

In the construction and operation phases: To demonstrate the compliance with environmental

standards, to obtain a support to the necessary actions (e.g. maintenance,…)

Community involvement

Error!Error!

SUSTAINABLE ELECTRICITY FOR ALL

Low density, high cost, low demand, no address, pre paid meters.

House cannot support Connection, house may move, long distance to repair faults

sustainable electricity for all

THANK YOU

rob.stephen@eskom.co.za