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Electricity Principles of Electricity as it is related to hair. Electricity. Form of energy – produces light, heat, magnetic and chemical changes. Current. Flow of electrons along a path called a conductor. Load. Electrically powered appliances Ex. Blowdryer or curling iron. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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ElectricityElectricityPrinciples of Electricity as it is Principles of Electricity as it is related to hairrelated to hair
ElectricityElectricityForm of energy – produces light, heat, magnetic and chemical changes.
CurrentCurrentFlow of electrons along a path called
a conductor.
LoadLoadElectrically powered appliances ◦Ex. Blowdryer or curling iron
ConductorsConductorsMaterial that best transports
electricity to a load.◦Silver and copper are best (contain ions)◦Water and human body are conductors
InsulatorsInsulatorsMaterial that does not allow current to
pass through it.Protects user from current.
◦ Silk, wood, plastic, rubber, glass, paper, brick, cloth, alcohol, oil and pure distilled water.
◦ Old cords, rubber insulators with fabric coating. Became easily frayed, caused shorts
Cord SafetyCord SafetyCord – copper wire insulated with rubberKeep cords free of kinks to prevent breaks
which might cause electrical shock.
Measures of Measures of ElectricityElectricity
AmpAmpMeasures the strengthPower box to the house supplies amps.Amp rating show how much strength.
VoltVoltMeasures pressureMeasures how hard electrons are
pushed by source.110 to 220V220 has V prongs on plugLarge motors need 220
OhmOhmMeasures ResistanceMeasures how difficult it is to push
electrons through a conductor.OHM’s rating = resistance of motion
of electrons.
WattWattMeasures Amount
Used1 watt is small
amount of energyBlowdryer = 1000
watts per second1000 watts = 1
kilowatt
HertzHertzMeasures FrequencyHertz = HzNameplate gives listing of Hz
It is on the label It is on the label pg 93 in pg 93 in texttextTells how many volts and amps a
product uses.Volts X Amps = watts 1000 watts equals
1 kilowattHomework Find 2 appliance's that you would use in
a salon?Find the watts How much is would cost to run for one
hour?Will assign the appliance's
Electric CurrentElectric CurrentExists in two forms:
◦DC – Direct Current – electrons move at an even rate; flow is in one direction.
◦AC – Alternating Current – electrons flow first in one direction and then in the other.
Sources of Sources of ElectricityElectricity
Converter changes DC to ACRectifier changes AC to DC
ConverterRectifier
GeneratorGenerator
Produce alternating current
Uses mechanical energy to produce flow of electrons.
Diesel Generator
Boiler/Steam Generator
Wind Generator
Solar Powered Generator
BatteryBatteryHas a positive (+) and negative (-) terminalProduces direct current onlyElectrons flow toward positive terminal
Producing Electric Producing Electric CurrentCurrent
Must have a SOURCE and CIRCUIT.
Circuit
Source
CircuitCircuitPath through which electrons travel.
◦Closed – Electrons leave the source and operate an appliance.
◦Open – Broken path of electron flow.Open Closed
Parallel WiringParallel WiringSeveral loads can operate at once or
at different times; use parallel wiring in salon.
Parallel Wiring in the Parallel Wiring in the SalonSalon
Series WiringSeries WiringAll loads must run at the same time
OverloadOverloadMore current
flows than the line is designed to carry.
Frequent problem due to the number of stylist and electrical items used in salons.
Short CircuitShort Circuit
Be sure to check cords for any breaks in the wire. ◦Often happens when curling
irons or flat irons are left on and the cord comes in contact with the hot iron causing the cord to melt.
Safety MeasuresSafety Measures
FuseFuseConnects directly to the circuits in
the power boxContains fine metal wire that allows
current to flow through it.Overload = melted wireFuse can not be reused
Circuit BreakerCircuit BreakerConnects directly to
the circuits in the power box.
Reusable device that breaks flow of current when over load occurs.
2 pieces of metal make contact-separate if circuit is broken.
Grounding WireGrounding Wire(3 – wire system)(3 – wire system)
Protects user with certain appliances
Prevents excess flow of current from going to user
3 – prongs, round one connects to grounded wall socket◦ It is not safe to plug a
3-prong cord into a 2-prong socket.
First Aid for ShockFirst Aid for ShockStep 1 – Knock person
out of the circuit by using an insulator; broom or plastic pail.
Step 2 – Unplug the appliance use an insulator to avoid circuit.
Step 3 – Rush to the power box and turn off all circuit breakers.
Local Shock Local Shock ProcedureProcedureLocal Shock - Passes through small part of the body.◦Immerse in cold
water immediately◦If severe – take to
hospital◦Keep immersed until
cold and stopped swelling
◦Blot dry and apply antiseptic cream
General Shock General Shock ProcedureProcedure
General Shock - Passes through the nervous system.◦First – Break the
circuit before touching the person; dial 9-1-1.
◦Start CPR; continue with CPR until emergency team arrives.
Electrical Fires Electrical Fires Emergency ProceduresEmergency Procedures
Remember: NO WATER!◦Turn off the circuit◦Smother the fire with
rug, towel or powder.
Electricity By Use In the Electricity By Use In the SalonSalonThermal/Heat Examples:
◦Generates heat◦Curling Irons
Combination Examples:◦Generates heat and produces
flow of air◦Blow Dryers
Mechanical Examples:◦Has a motor◦Clippers
Electricity Electricity Talking Talking PointsPoints
Electricity in Electricity in CosmetologyCosmetology
Before Before ElectricityElectricity
Effects of Electric Effects of Electric CurrentCurrent
Heating◦More resistance = more heat◦Heating elements heat up when current
flows through.Mechanical or Magnetic
◦Push – pull effect causes motor to turnElectrochemical
◦Electric current travels through a water – based solution to produce relaxing or stimulating effects.
Demonstration of Demonstration of ElectrotherapyElectrotherapy
http://youtu.be/3dtN4aSz128Musichttp://youtu.be/KQHL_o-hB0k
Galvanic CurrentGalvanic CurrentOldest form of
electrotherapyAppliance (rectifier that is
built into the machine) necessary to convert AC to DC
Direct current – low volt and high amp
Chemical effects caused by passing current through acid or alkaline solutions and/or by passing current through body tissues and fluids.
Phoresis Phoresis (Bleaching)(Bleaching)Process of forcing an acid or alkali into the skin by applying current to the chemical.
Chemical penetrates the skin without breaking the skin.◦Most typical application
of Galvanic Current
How to Use Galvanic How to Use Galvanic CurrentCurrent
AnaphoresisAnaphoresisNegative Pole (catode)Negative Pole (catode)
Process of forcing liquids into tissues from the negative toward the positive pole. ◦Desincrustation – used
to soften and emulsify grease deposits (oil) and blackheads in the hair follicles.
◦Used to treat acne, milia, and comedones.
CataphoresisCataphoresisPositive Pole ( anode)Positive Pole ( anode)
Forces acidic substances into deeper tissues using galvanic current from the positive toward the negative pole.
Effects of Galvanic Effects of Galvanic CurrentCurrentCataphoresis
Positive + pole Produces acidic
reactions
Closes the pores
Soothes nerves
Decreases blood supply
Contracts blood vessels
Hardens and firms tissues
Anaphoresis
Negative – pole
Produces alkaline reactions
Opens the pores
Stimulates and irritates the nerves
Increases blood supply
Expands blood vessels
Softens tissues
Caution!!Caution!!Do not use negative
galvanic current on skin with broken capillaries or pustular acne conditions, or on a client with high blood pressure or metal
implants!!
How to Use PhoresisHow to Use Phoresis
FaradicFaradicAlternating current; produces mechanical
effect; stimulates nerve and muscle tissue.◦ Improved blood circulation, muscle tone,
stimulation of hair growth, increased glandular activity.
◦ Today it is primarily used to improve muscle tone.
SinusoidalSinusoidalAlternating currentMechanical effectPenetrates deeper than
faradicGreater Stimulation –
causes muscle contractionsShould never be used on
unhealthy or broken skin.
TeslaTeslaHigh-frequency current “violet ray”Alternating current – produces a
vibrating effect making this a stimulating current.
Different voltages produce heatCan offer stimulation or relaxation
◦Improved blood circulation◦Increased rate of metabolism◦Increased sebaceous gland activity◦Relieves Congestion
Faradic, Sinusoidal and Telsa are all alternating currents (AC).
ElectrotheraElectrotherapy Webpy Web
Light TherapyLight TherapyVisible light is
electromagnetic radiation that we can see.◦Also called “radiant energy”
– carries, or radiates, energy through space on waves.
◦Distance between two successive peaks is called the wavelength. Low frequency – Long
wavelengths (fewer waves). High frequency – Short
wavelengths (more waves).
Electromagnetic Spectrum – the entire range of electromagnetic radiation.◦Visible light – the part of the
electromagnetic spectrum that we can see. Makes up 35% of natural sunlight.
◦Ultraviolet rays and Infrared rays – also forms of electomagnetic radiation. Invisible – wavelengths are beyond the visible
spectrum of light. Makes up 65% of natural sunlight.
Infrared RaysInfrared RaysMake up 60% of
natural sunlight.Longer wavelengthsPenetrate deeperProduce more heat
Infrared LampsInfrared LampsUsed mainly
during hair treatments and to process hair color. ◦Operate at a
distance of at least 30 inches for exposure time of about 5 min.
◦Never leave client unattended.
Visible LightVisible LightRays that are the primary source of light
used in facial and scalp treatments.Bulbs used are white, red and blue.
◦White light – “combination light” – combination of all visible rays of the spectrum.
Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Indigo
Violet
Blue LightBlue LightOnly used on
bare oily skinContains fewer
heat raysLeast
penetratingSome germicidal
and chemical benefits
Red LightRed LightUsed on dry
skin in combination with oils and creams.
Penetrates the deepest.
Produces most heat.
Ultraviolet (UV) Ultraviolet (UV) RaysRaysMake up 5% of natural sunlightShorter wavelengthsPenetrate lessProduce less heat than visible light.Produce chemical effects and kills
germs.Prompts the skin to produce Vitamin D
◦Fat-soluble vitamin that promotes mineralization of bones.
Overexposure to UV Overexposure to UV RaysRaysCan cause premature aging of the skin and skin cancer!!◦Over 1 million new cases
of skin cancer diagnosed each year.
◦Estimated 1 in 5 Americans will develop skin cancer. 90% are result of
overexposure to UV rays from sun, sun lamps, and tanning beds.
BeforeBefore
AfterAfter
Application of UV RaysApplication of UV RaysCan be beneficial if
done with utmost care.
Apply with lamp at a distance of 30 to 36 inches.
Begin with exposure times of 2 to 3 minutes.◦Gradually increase to
7 or 8 minutes.
Light Light Therapy Therapy WebWeb
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