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Electricity Market Design
Presentation at the 31st USAEE/IAEE North American ConferenceNovember 5-7Austin, Texas
Lars BergmanIAEE and Stockholm School of Economics
Drivers of renewable power in Europe
• The EU ”20-20-20” Directive– 20 % reduction of CO2 emissions in 2020 compared to
1990– 20 % renewable (primary) energy in 2020 compared to
1990. Estimated to imply around 35 % renewable electricity
– 20 % more efficient use of energy in 2020 compared to 1990
• A new directive on energy efficiency has recently been confirmed by the European Parliament
• The German decision to phase out nuclear power
Sharp increase in renewable generation:The German example
3
Source: BMU-Leitstudie 2010
Renewables are heavily subsidised – but the costs are also falling
• According to the German solar energy industry association (BSW) the installation cost of solar PV has fallen around 65% since 2006. Increased competition has caused difficulties for many solar PV manufacturers.
4
Capacity markets is not a new discussion – but there is a renewed interest in Europe
•Push for carbon neutral power sector and fast increase in renewables challenges the evolving European power market•Wind and solar less controllable and flexible – and dependent on weather•Significant contribution to energy production, but little firm capacity•Need for flexible generation and demand response•Challenges in financing conventional power plants
Wind and solar production, 50 Hertz control area Example weeks, 2011
The evolving European market model is challenged before it has hit the ground…
• The Target Model for the European power market is based on an energy only design
• Current and evolving market design is far from “pure” energy only
• Existing capacity mechanisms in several countries• With various design and purposes
• Proposal and discussions in several other countries
• Are we (unintentionally) going towards a patchwork…
• …and how will that affect the integrated European market
GreeceQuantity based mechanism
ItalyPrice based mechanism. Proposal for reliability contracts
Germany“Proposal”
NorwayRKOM
SE & FIStrategic reserve
RussiaCapacity market + long term contracts
PolandProposed as part of market reform
UKCapacity market from 2015
IrelandPrice based mechanism
Spain & PortugalPrice based mechanism
France Capacity obligations from 2015
Towards a new market design?
• European TSOs are coordinating their investment plans and foresee major transmission capacity investments in order to– Accomodate fast growth of wind and other
intermittent power– Reduce bottlenecks in the transmission system in
order to enhance competition and cross-border trade
• In the Nordic area: Increased number of price areas, but far from nodal pricing