Electricity by Debesh

8/10/2019 Electricity by Debesh

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ELECTRICITY

PREPARED BY : DEBESH GHOSH

CLASS : X

SCHOOL : K.V. NO 1,

Sector- ! GANDHINAGAR


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E"ectr#c C$rre%t

E"ectr#c c$rre%t #& t'e (o) o*e"ectro%& t'ro$+' co%$ctor.

T'e e#ce )'#c' c$&e& t'e

(o) o* e"ectro%& t'ro$+' co%$ctor #& c""e ce"". E"ectro%& (o) *ro/ t'e %e+t#eter/#%" to t'e 0ot#e ter/#%".

E"ectr#c c$rre%t (o)& *ro/ t'e0ot#e ter/#%" to t'e %e+t#eter/#%". T'#& #& c""eco%e%t#o%" c$rre%t.


4/28

Current: the actual

substance that is

flowing through the

wires of the circuit

(electrons!)

How youshould be

thinking aboutelectriccurrent:


5/28

E"ectr#c c$rre%t #& e0re&&e & t'e rteo* (o) o* c'r+e& t'ro$+' co%$ctor ort'e 2$%t#t3 o* c'r+e& (o)#%+ t'ro$+'

co%$ctor #% $%#t t#/e.I 4 5 6t

I c$rre%t5 2$%t#t3 o* c'r+e

t t#/eT'e SI $%#t o* e"ectr#c c'r+e #& co$"o/7

8C9.It #& t'e c'r+e co%t#%e #% 1! 1;e"ectro%&.

T'e SI $%#t o* c$rre%t #& c""e /0ere8A9.

E"ectr#c C$rre%t #& /e&$re 73 %//eter. It #& ")3& co%%ecte #% &er#e&

#% c#rc$#t.


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Electric potentialand Potentialdifference

Electric current will flow through a conductoronly if there is a difference in the electricpotential between the two ends of theconductor. This difference in electric

potential between the two ends of aconductor is called potential difference.

The potential difference in a circuit is

provided by a cell or battery. The chemicalreaction in the cell produces a potentialdifference between the two terminals and setsthe electrons in motion and produces electric

current.


8/28

Pote%t#" #or= o%e >Pote%t#" #


9/28

Voltage: a force

that pushes the

current throughthe circuit (in this

picture it would be

equivalent togravity)


10/28

E"ectr#c c#rc$#t

E"ectr#c c#rc$#t #& co%t#%$o$&

% c"o&e 0t' o* % e"ectr#cc$rre%t. A &c'e/t#c #+r/ o* % e"ectr#c

c#rc$#t co/0r#%+o* ce"", e"ectr#c 7$"7, //eter %

0"$+ =e3.

A

+

-

+-

bulb

cell

ammeter

plug key


11/28

Sybols of coponents used in electric circuits

A% e"ectr#c ce"" A 7tter3 orco/7#%t#o%

o* ce""&P"$+ =e3 or &)#tc' P"$+ =e3 or&)#tc'

8o0e%9 8c"o&e9

E"ectr#c 7$"7 A re&toro*re&t%ce R R

Vr#7"e re&t%ce oror r'eo&tt

A//eterVo"t/eter

A v+ - -+

+ - + -


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13/28

O'/& L)

V I

4--------- R


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15/28

Re&t%ce Re&t%ce #& t'e 0ro0ert3 o*

co%$ctor to re&t t'e (o) o*c$rre%t t'ro$+' #t.

V

Accor#%+ to O'/& ") R 4 ----- I

T'e SI $%#t o* re&t%ce #& o'/ 89.

I* t'e 0ote%t#" #


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VS#%ce I 4 ----

R

T'e c$rre%t (o)#%+ t'ro$+' re&tor #& #%er&e"3 0ro0ort#o%" to

t'e re&t%ce. So #* t'e re&t%ce #& o$7"e, t'e%t'e c$rre%t +et& '"e.


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ctor& o% )'#c' t'e re&t%ce o* co%$ctor e0e%&

T'e re&t%ce o* co%$ctor e0e%& $0o% #t&:- #9 Le%+t'

##9 Are o* cro&& &ect#o%###9 Fter#" o* t'e co%$ctor.

Re&t%ce #& #rect"3 0ro0ort#o%" to t'e "e%+t' o* t'eco%$ctor % #%er&e"3 0ro0ort#o%" to t'e re o*cro&& &ect#o% o* t'e co%$ctor. R l

R 1 6 A R l 6 A

l or R 4

A


19/28

""

R 4R 4 --------------

AA

>'ere 8r'o9 #& co%&t%t o* 0ro0ort#o%"#t3c""e Re&t##t3 o* t'e /ter#" o* t'e co%$ctor.

T'e SI $%#t o* re&t##t3 #& o'/ /eter 8 /9.

Co%$ctor& "#=e /et"& % ""o3& 'e "o)re&t##t3 1!-; / to 1!- /.

I%&$"tor& "#=e r$77er, +"&& etc. 'e '#+'re&t##t3 1!1 / to 1!1 /.


20/28

Conductors

Allow the easy fow o electricity loosely bound electrons that are ree

to move rom atom to atom

metals like aluminum, gold, copperand silver


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I%&$"tor&I%&$"tor&

re&t& t'e (o) o* e"ectro%&'o" /ore t#+'t"3 to t'e#r

"e%ce e"ectro%&:

0"&t#c, r$77er, +"&&


22/28

$esistorsin Series

>'e% t'ree re&tor& R1, R % Rre co%%ecte #%

&er#e& cro&& AB

#9 T'e c$rre%t #% "" t'e re&tor& #& t'e &/e.

##9 T'e tot" o"t+e 8PD9 cro&& t'e re&tor& #&e2$" to t'e &$/ o* t'e o"t+e cro&& ec're&tor.

V 4 V1J VJ V

###9 T'e e2$#"e%t re&t%ce #& t'e &$/ o* t'e

re&t%ce& o* ec' re&tor.

( A

!" !# !$

+ +--

%" %# %$

&

%+ -

A


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$esistors in parallel

>'e% t'ree re&tor& R1, R% R re co%%ecte #% 0r""e"cro&& AB,

#9 T'e o"t+e 8PD9 #% "" t'e re&tor& #& t'e &/e.

##9 T'e tot" c$rre%t #% "" t'e re&tor& #& t'e &$/ o* t'e$rre%t #% ec're&tor. I 4 I1J IJ I

##9 T'e rec#0roc" o* t'e e2$#"e%t re&t%ce #& t'e &$/ o*'e

rec#0roc"& o* ec' re&t%ce.

1 1 1 1

!"

!$

!#

( A

'"

'#

'$

+-+ -

A &

%+ -


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25/28

E"ectr#c" e%er+3 % E"ectr#c 0o)er :-

Electrical energy :-is the work done tomaintain the flow of current in a conductor.Consider a current I flowing through a resistor ofresistance R. Let the otential difference acrossit !e " and t is the time during which a charge #

flows across. $hen the work done %& 'in mo(ingthe charge # through a otential difference " is

& ) # * " I ) # , t # ) I * t

& ) I * t " as # ) I * t/ & ) I0Rt as " ) IR/ $he unit of electrical energy is1oule %2'.

E" t # # t' t t '# ' " t #


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E"ectr#c 0o)er:-#& t'e rte t )'#c' e"ectr#cc$rre%t #& $&e.

>or= o%e >

Po)er 4 P 4 > 4 IRtT#/e t

IRt

So P 4 4 IR 4 VI & V4 IR

tor Po)er 4 IR or Po)er 4 V X I

T'e SI $%#t o* 0o)er #& )tt 8>9.O%e )tt #& t'e 0o)er )'e% 1A o* c$rre%t (o)&

cro&& 0ote%t#" # 4 1=> 1=>' 4 1!!! )tt !! &eco%&4 . 1! ?o$"e&

T'e co//erc#" $%#t o* 0o)er #& )tt 'o$r 8>'9or =#"o )tt 'o$r 8=>'9.O%e =>' #& t'e o)er


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&eating effect of electric current

I* c$rre%t I (o)& t'ro$+' re&tor o* re&t%ce R %t 7e t'e t#/e *or )'#c' c'r+e 5 (o)& t'ro$+' #t, t'e%t'e )or= o%e to /oe t'e c'r+e t'ro$+' 0ote%t#"# 4 5 V P 4 > 4 5 V 4 V I & I4 5 t t t

or Het e%er+3 &$00"#e 4 P X t 4 V X I X tAccor#%+ to O'/& ") V 4 IR

So, Het 0ro$ce H 4 I

Rt

( A

%

!A &

' '

+ -

+ -

+-


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Thank you

DEBESH GHOSH

X MCM

!y

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Electricity by Debesh