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ELECTRICITY Part 1: Overview and Electrostatics.

ELECTRICITY

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ELECTRICITY. Part 1: Overview and Electrostatics. Exam # 1 was. Too hard About right Too easy fubared. One of the three basic energy use sectors. We will study all aspects of generating electricity, but first and overview and some basic physics. Electric Power Generation 1950-2005. Graph. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICITY

Part 1: Overview and Electrostatics.

Page 2: ELECTRICITY

Exam # 1 was

1 2 3 4

100%

0%0%0%

1. Too hard2. About right3. Too easy4. fubared

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• One of the three basic energy use sectors.• We will study all aspects of generating

electricity, but first and overview and some basic physics.

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Electric Power Generation1950-2005

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Table 1.1. Net Generation by Energy Source: Total (All Sectors), 2002-December 2012

(Thousand Megawatthours)

Period CoalPetroleum

LiquidsPetroleum

CokeNatural

GasOther

Gas Nuclear

Hydroelectric

Conventional

OtherRenewable

Sources

Hydroelectric

PumpedStorage Other Total

Annual Totals

2002 1,933,130 78,701 15,867 691,006 11,463 780,064 264,329 79,109 -8,743 13,527 3,858,452

2003 1,973,737 102,734 16,672 649,908 15,600 763,733 275,806 79,487 -8,535 14,045 3,883,185

2004 1,978,301 100,391 20,754 710,100 15,252 788,528 268,417 83,067 -8,488 14,232 3,970,555

2005 2,012,873 99,840 22,385 760,960 13,464 781,986 270,321 87,329 -6,558 12,821 4,055,423

2006 1,990,511 44,460 19,706 816,441 14,177 787,219 289,246 96,525 -6,558 12,974 4,064,702

2007 2,016,456 49,505 16,234 896,590 13,453 806,425 247,510 105,238 -6,896 12,231 4,156,745

2008 1,985,801 31,917 14,325 882,981 11,707 806,208 254,831 126,101 -6,288 11,804 4,119,388

2009 1,755,904 25,972 12,964 920,979 10,632 798,855 273,445 144,279 -4,627 11,928 3,950,331

2010 1,847,290 23,337 13,724 987,697 11,313 806,968 260,203 167,173 -5,501 12,855 4,125,060

2011 1,733,430 16,086 14,096 1,013,689 11,566 790,204 319,355 193,981 -5,905 14,154 4,100,656

2012 1,517,203 13,209 9,691 1,230,708 11,212 769,331 276,535 218,787 -4,658 12,466 4,054,485

Graph

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Have you studied Electricity before this class?

1 2

33%

67%1. Yes2. No

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Electrostatics

• Study of charges that are NOT moving.• What is Charge?• A new property of matter. Similar to mass.• Mass creates and responds to gravitational

fields• Charges create and respond to electric fields.• (Moving charges generate and respond to

magnetic fields….more later)

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• There are two types of charges: positive (+) and negative (-).

• Common symbols for charge are q and/or Q.• Rubber/fur and glass/silk demo

• Units of charge: Coulomb (C)• A Coulomb is a lot of charge. Usually deal in

micro coulombs and less in electrostatics.• Fundamental charge: Magnitude of the charge on

an electron or proton.»e=1.6x10-19C

• Like charges repel, Unlike charges attract.• Van de Graff demo 1

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Definitions

• Conductor: Material that charges are free to move around in. Examples: metal (silver is best but copper is almost as good)

• Insulator (Dielectric): Material that charges are NOT free to move around in. Examples: glass, quartz, wood.

• Semiconductor: Can behave as either depending on conditions: Silicon, Germanium, Gallium-Arsenide.

• Van de Graff demos continued

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Forces on electric charges

• Gravitational force on a mass:»F=mg

• Electric force on a charge:»F=qE

• E: electric field =F/q is the force per unit charge that a given charge experiences. (vector)

• Note: In general E changes in space and time.

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• If we move a charge in an electric field, we do work on it.

• W =Fd =qEd• Define Voltage as V=Ed (Not exact, but it will

do.)• Note V=W/q: work done per unit charge in

moving it through an electric field. (Or potential energy per unit charge.)

• Equivalent to raising mass up in a gravitational field.

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UNITS OF E & V

• V=PE/q (Joule/Coulomb=Volt)

• E =F/q (Newton/Coulomb) OR• E=V/d (Volt/meter)

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CAPACITOR

• Device for storing charge• Two conductors

separated by an insulator.

• Battery moves charge from one plate to another.