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ELECTRICITY. Part 1: Overview and Electrostatics. Exam # 1 was. Too hard About right Too easy fubared. One of the three basic energy use sectors. We will study all aspects of generating electricity, but first and overview and some basic physics. Electric Power Generation 1950-2005. Graph. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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ELECTRICITY
Part 1: Overview and Electrostatics.
Exam # 1 was
1 2 3 4
100%
0%0%0%
1. Too hard2. About right3. Too easy4. fubared
• One of the three basic energy use sectors.• We will study all aspects of generating
electricity, but first and overview and some basic physics.
Electric Power Generation1950-2005
Table 1.1. Net Generation by Energy Source: Total (All Sectors), 2002-December 2012
(Thousand Megawatthours)
Period CoalPetroleum
LiquidsPetroleum
CokeNatural
GasOther
Gas Nuclear
Hydroelectric
Conventional
OtherRenewable
Sources
Hydroelectric
PumpedStorage Other Total
Annual Totals
2002 1,933,130 78,701 15,867 691,006 11,463 780,064 264,329 79,109 -8,743 13,527 3,858,452
2003 1,973,737 102,734 16,672 649,908 15,600 763,733 275,806 79,487 -8,535 14,045 3,883,185
2004 1,978,301 100,391 20,754 710,100 15,252 788,528 268,417 83,067 -8,488 14,232 3,970,555
2005 2,012,873 99,840 22,385 760,960 13,464 781,986 270,321 87,329 -6,558 12,821 4,055,423
2006 1,990,511 44,460 19,706 816,441 14,177 787,219 289,246 96,525 -6,558 12,974 4,064,702
2007 2,016,456 49,505 16,234 896,590 13,453 806,425 247,510 105,238 -6,896 12,231 4,156,745
2008 1,985,801 31,917 14,325 882,981 11,707 806,208 254,831 126,101 -6,288 11,804 4,119,388
2009 1,755,904 25,972 12,964 920,979 10,632 798,855 273,445 144,279 -4,627 11,928 3,950,331
2010 1,847,290 23,337 13,724 987,697 11,313 806,968 260,203 167,173 -5,501 12,855 4,125,060
2011 1,733,430 16,086 14,096 1,013,689 11,566 790,204 319,355 193,981 -5,905 14,154 4,100,656
2012 1,517,203 13,209 9,691 1,230,708 11,212 769,331 276,535 218,787 -4,658 12,466 4,054,485
Graph
Have you studied Electricity before this class?
1 2
33%
67%1. Yes2. No
Electrostatics
• Study of charges that are NOT moving.• What is Charge?• A new property of matter. Similar to mass.• Mass creates and responds to gravitational
fields• Charges create and respond to electric fields.• (Moving charges generate and respond to
magnetic fields….more later)
• There are two types of charges: positive (+) and negative (-).
• Common symbols for charge are q and/or Q.• Rubber/fur and glass/silk demo
• Units of charge: Coulomb (C)• A Coulomb is a lot of charge. Usually deal in
micro coulombs and less in electrostatics.• Fundamental charge: Magnitude of the charge on
an electron or proton.»e=1.6x10-19C
• Like charges repel, Unlike charges attract.• Van de Graff demo 1
Definitions
• Conductor: Material that charges are free to move around in. Examples: metal (silver is best but copper is almost as good)
• Insulator (Dielectric): Material that charges are NOT free to move around in. Examples: glass, quartz, wood.
• Semiconductor: Can behave as either depending on conditions: Silicon, Germanium, Gallium-Arsenide.
• Van de Graff demos continued
Forces on electric charges
• Gravitational force on a mass:»F=mg
• Electric force on a charge:»F=qE
• E: electric field =F/q is the force per unit charge that a given charge experiences. (vector)
• Note: In general E changes in space and time.
• If we move a charge in an electric field, we do work on it.
• W =Fd =qEd• Define Voltage as V=Ed (Not exact, but it will
do.)• Note V=W/q: work done per unit charge in
moving it through an electric field. (Or potential energy per unit charge.)
• Equivalent to raising mass up in a gravitational field.
UNITS OF E & V
• V=PE/q (Joule/Coulomb=Volt)
• E =F/q (Newton/Coulomb) OR• E=V/d (Volt/meter)
CAPACITOR
• Device for storing charge• Two conductors
separated by an insulator.
• Battery moves charge from one plate to another.