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Official Journal of the National Brotherhood Electrical Workers of America.

VOL~ 6. No.4.

CABLE TESTING.·

By George D. Hale.

As the unreliable and to 0. large meas­ure experimental metbods in electrical construction of the' past are being rap­idly replaced by more substantial scien­tific systems, so is the pole line giving way to the electrical cable wbel'everthe change is feasible from a financial stand-point. . "

The demand fore\"er increasing relia­biilty . and high quality of. service has long since settled this problem electrical­ly. but financially it often remains nn open question. .

As in everything else, there are all kinds and grades of cables adapted to aU clnsses of service nnd complying with widely differing specifications. '.rhe feeble telephone currents and the high potential eil'cuits aUke require 0. high re­sistance insulation, though for different reasons, and a most rellable construc­tion of the line to secure the best re­I:Iults .. 1<'or low potential systems it is I!onsidel"ed uDnece!!lsary to have such high resisto.nce insulation, ns the loss would be immaterial and the element of danger would not be of any serious im­portaDl!c •. 'Assuming that high grade cnbles are nec(:!ssary fill' telepbone sys­tems Ilt least, the quel!tions arise:

How to manufacture such as wlll be suitable?

How to test the same during and lm­mediately following the process of man-facture'( .

How to prevent their deterioration when laid?

How to locate trouble in tllew wilen it arise~? .

A<!. l'egal.'ds the first, the manufactur­ers llnn' solvt>d this for us and h;1ve plnced on the market the. well-known lead-sheathed. puper-insuiatetl. dry-core cable. l~or the bt>Delit of SOlll{:, r. sligL l llescription of this cuble might. he in 01'­lieI'. It cOllsist, of a bundle of sepal'-' ately insulated copp~r wir(!s. c:u'r'yillg' in number from iive to :!OO pairs, the m;u~l size of wire be!ug No, 19, Ail oru!narily

---:-}te~.d before the Chl<.:ago F;JectrlcnJ Asso­clatlon-, March ill , lS!li.

ST. LOUIS, APRIL, 1897.

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constructed, each wire is taped with a puper l'ibbon, the wires of a pair being wound spirally around ellcb other, each concentric layer being wound on spiral­ly, right find left haud 3Uernately, the w1lO1e being wrappr!d' with cotton .yarD and ~nclosed in the lead pij1c. By far the l:u'gf)r proportion of tht!se cables are witlwut 'UllY putaftiu(> 01' otller insulating C(>1J11)Olmd. but nre simply baked until free from' moisture, The mainadvan­tagps of this 1):pe of cable ar~ their low electrostutic .capacity and theh.; bigh re-

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sistance insulntion. Their weak· poInt is that a. small opening .1n·· thf>' lead: sheath practically ruins a c~ble in a few hours. Where a low capacity is not cs­sentlal, the <'abIes are usually saturated with paraffine, so that in case of a hole being made ln the sheatll the entire sec­tion of the cable will not be rendered worthless. However, as parafline ab­sorbs moisture to some extent, the open­ing Rhould be locat~d and repuired as eurly as possible to pre\"cnt the Joss of a considerable length of the cable.

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Now,· coDslderlng the second"'question as to tactorytests, this will be divided into two parts-tests, made during the process of manufacture and tests made

. immedlatelyfoUowlng the completion of the cable; . . . .

In the former the wires are simply tried with a.battery and':b~ll to test for continuity and absence of . crosses. In ,th~ CaBe of abro'kell wIre, 'as In Fig I, the capaclty'of each portion Is measured as against the rest of. the wires, and.· by direct pf,9portion the distance from' eith­er end 18 ,determined. The capacity of ab+bc shoul4 equal the Capaci(V' of the good wire de •. The capacity ofab+bc : capacity of. ab :.: length 9t. ac : length of ab; . If· t.l1e Insulation 1$ low a special method' to . be described 'later must be used.· When two wires Me crossed, the ~~D~"pt;tW!:;Wlres Is measured sep­arately; atlioth.e resistance. around the loops aec and bed are dE:termined, cor­rections being made for the resistance of the cross and the j'listance from either end' Calculated as in Fig. 2. The resist­ance d wire per foot, as measured in ab and cd is found to be, say :r: ohm. Then the resistance of the loop aec+x= twice the length from a to e.·. To check the work the ~sistance of loop bed may be measured. .

The cables; having passed· through the pre~m~nary tests, go to the .drying ovens and then to the hydrauliC I~ad presses, where' their· manufacture is completed. After. coolingsufliciently, they are. turned' over .to, ~he cable tel:!ters, where the electrostatic cap~clty and Insulation resistance of the wires are measured. Tbe ·requirements ·usually· specified de­niand an averl!ge capacity not exceed~ log •. 080, :with no wires above .085· Iili~ crctal'Bd.per mJl~.Th~ insulation resist­ance must be at least 500 megohms per mile. In satUrated cables the capacity varies between '.1 and .3, depending upon the details of construction, and the insu­lation resistance ranges between 100 and 1;000 megohms 'per mile. The absolute capacity and iJisulation resistance of the wires vary from .001 of a microfal'8d up and . .from 500,000 IDp.gohms down, de­pending 'on the length and kind of cable, I!O ~-riensithe instruments -must 'be used.

A large four-coil astatic needle Thom­son galvanometer has. been found to be suitable, and ~aving a potential of 600 volts at commali.d the insulation' resist­ance constant is 528,000, while 2,000,000'

. clin be obtained if desired. For capacity 'measurements the constant is 26,400, which is sufficiently high for all, cables usually met with, however short.

The 600 volts is generated by a motor­dynamo obtaining current from a' stor­age battery of 20 volts. A very steady voltage is there by secured, I!O that the pl)tential can be used in the testing cir­cuits in the same manner as if the volt­age ·was derived from a battery direct .. The circuits' use<i . for capaCity aQd re­sistanCe In t.lle cable tests are shown in Fig. 3, and tor t.-apacity only in Fig. 4. . .'

In .c~arging dry-core cables with the 600 VOltS, it seems to make no difference in capacity readings how long they are in circuit, .b.ut..t:he insulation resistance Increases Slightly with the time' of charging. Howl!ver, in saturated cables the longer the cables are charged the greater are the capacit:y.and the i"n8ula­tlon resistance, owing to' the ,soaking in of the. electricity and the polarization of

the dielectric. Five seConds' are suffi­cient for dry' cables;' vihilc onc minute' i!'i. uniformly' used in.::11 flat urated' ones:

It is sometimes stated tlmt;·the- insula­tion' resistaJi~e of 3: cable wili not be the saine when: ineasuroo.w.lthcmie;-ent po­tentlalii,bnt it bas been' .fourul··tlW, t such . Is not the c~ee. As loug .as =the: gielectric acts as;a'cim9uctol'l)nlY. th~re'belng .no sparking;throughthepaiic(,nO'change in the intm1!1tion resistance :CO.Uld be de-tected.. . ;. '. .' ... '. ': . f. I :qleat: increases the cP.pacity:;and de­creas~s .the·:resistliIice to u slight. extent in dry. cables, but iu saturatecLones the variation 'is most pronouI(ced.~ The curve, shown in Fig. 5,·'1a$ plfift~ from experim~nts which":ilIustiatethispoint .. This cUrVe' was' constructed "ffom tests ~ade on 11 paper-Insulated; :ieaf!.shen.thed electric Ugbt cable, "having· a No. 0 solitl conductor surro~(ied by on~.quarter hich thickness of paper satm-ated with resin oil; It was pfucedin ahii:ge tank ot water heated very gl'adually, and was allowed to' remain two or·three lIours at one temperature before area(ljng was taken, in order thatthf: eri;Qr:should be as sniali as possible. 'I'be factory tests on ail satul."J.h.'C1 cables made ill the win­ter are, ,theretore;'as' a rule' somewhat higher in resista'n(:e and lower:ln'capac­ity than those tested ·in summer. This is due largely to'the reason just men­tiolled, but the presen'!e of moisture in the airdiirIng the'iiuuineraISo ·tends to lower the resistance to Some~ extent, as the cable ends absorb some moisture from the air. Slnce'a cable is nothing more nor less tba'U' "a condenser of a small cnpacity, ·soaJ.1ything which af­fects one. may be exepected to have its e!fect on th~ other •.. Hence, wben the re­sistance oflnsulation,dri:ips for Il!lY rea­son the capacity increases.

In. a 100 pair No. 19 wire dry-paper ca­ble an increase of .one thu'ty-secl>nd of an inch in liiameter will dec,.'ec..se the ca­pacity about three-thousandtbs of a mi­crofarad per mli~.' This 'in'1rcase does not apply. tQ the pipe alone, .but the whole callIe is loosened to some extent. Another detail which increases the ca­pacity of this style of ~able !s the 'par­affine wbich eatur-ates the ends of the reel length. Thlsls-done to prevent the absorption of moisture by :the paper, wblch is .exe~edlngly.dry, while the ca­ble .is beingA-ested as well as when the SpliCilS are being made between reel lengths.' . , .

How to prevent detei'ioration of the cables after bE:ing laid Is the nextques­tloc. The ease with Which the lead­sheathe4. cables Inay 1x.'Come vUllctured is their admitted weak point, alldhow to protect· them frow" electrolvsis and mechanical injury is difficulta:s well as expensive. Electrolysis is dften pre­vented hyo coating tile Jead I'ht;ath with several layers of tape Jaif! on w!th !!ome insulating cl)Jopound. This pr-QCeSS has given good satisfaction ill some nlaces where' the conduits are filled'with water, having a f!orrosive action O!l the .lead. l\fp.chllnlcal injury is usually.· avoided by pracing the cables: in strong conduits or inelevllting. them on poles.

All regards. the t~stsof. Cflblt!s when' laid, much .whichh:::s been !'laid COnCel'D­ing .factory tt'sts. s,pplies egllaHy well here. However, the mnin diff'!!'eJlf!es lie in the decreased sepsihillty of, :tb~ appar­atus reqnired aIid,Ahe new ftC'.ature of Imntingand locating trouble. The long

]engths of cable mains hav.e a'hlghabao-. lute capacity and a low 1nsulati'(lIi,reslst­(IDCe, . so the inljltruments need"n9f'tie nearly so sensitive 'as in th~risuaJ.;~~ac.: tory tests. The. greater part,ofi:he trou­ble in telephone mainS·can:betracetli:;to, low insulation, usually located In splices or near perforations iil.th~_,sh,!l<'t.tP; ',fhe old orthodox method of 'cut:and-ti-y"is often used; ·this consists in ,()pe~ing the" Une successively from "IiIPliceto' splice and lo~atlng the tro.uble. in. a _,certain length. However, thisJs pn)i'used :when the insulation resistance is ,compartiv.e­ly high, or when aU 'the' w!res. In the (:able have the same resis4lnce, wbich two conditions prevent' the .usua~ loop tests. Varley's loop test, Which, is em­ployed' to .locate the place where: a ,wire is grounded to a greater or.: less extent against tbe .sheath, is illustrated ln l<'lg. U. Since the resistance of' the 'ground introduces no errol' in tbe work, but sini~ ply makes the galvanometer less sensi­tive, this method may be yery accurate when proper precautions are taken. .

In an aerial cable line, about ,sev.e"l miles long, the location of a.partial ground was found by this method wbere the resistance .of the grou~d was <JVe. 300,000 obms, while the best .:wire was only three megohms. 'Vhen the 'contlict of the grounded wire is .·v.aria'ble great care is necessary to avoid inlslelldiug re­sults. When two wires,A-re.dosaedwith a high resistance at the .polnLof.con­.tact, Varley's loop mctbod,ma;Y.<,be ·used,. considering one of, the wires 8S' the ground and, using an extra, wire for,the clear side of the loop. Thus· it may be s~n that with proper instruments and a lIttle care the location, of any trouble usually met with is comparativ.ely·a simple matter. . '.

HIGH VOLTAGES. . Apropos of the constantly 'increasin":

voltages in electric transmisSion. line: l\lr. ~. P. Steinmetz, the. well-know~. American electrical engineer, recently re­D;13.rked before one of· the electric:al socie­ties that while only a few years n'"o 3000 V?lts. were hardly considered ~om~er­claHy snfe, 11,~ antI 12,000 volts are now used extenSively, and 15,000 to 20,-­~oo ,":olts ~re under discussion' The dan, e,er lImit IS reached in the hi "Ii potentlal hnes, not.in the step up anq" step down .. trausformers. l.'ransformers can be built. and operated safely at voltages far be­yondanyt,hing ever thought .. of for pow­er tran~mlssion. Only a few' m,onths ago I\~l·. Stemmetz was able to reach, by. sta­tIOnary transformers, a potentinl of 160~. 000 ~o!ts eO'ective, or nearly a quarter. of a ,nulhon volts maximum-by .the way, prouably the hlgbest alternutinc:r volta"e· ever experimented upon by m:n if::e It;aye out ~lectrostl1tic charges ~nd os~ cIlia tory discharges as IIniited power phen~mena, while in his case he Lad" p~'acttcally un1i~lted power-a too kilo- . ,yatt. motor-behmd the 160,000 volts. In' lIne Insulators c0I?-sidcrable progl'esshus been made, and lDsulatorg' can now oe ~ecw'ed which will not be pierced below ~O,OOO or 6~,OOO volts eO'ective alternat-. lUg potentIal in' dry weather: . When damp, in fog.or rain, a considerably low-'. el' yoltage Will leak or creep over tho in­sulat?r surface, . and thus snorh!il'cult' t.he. IlD~, and thIS brings llS to the'real .h~ltatlOn of transmiSSion 'yoltage which ~XlstS at pre~ent, the climate. In a pel'­fecUy dry clImate lIr. Steinmetz would .

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Dot hesItate to consider 20,000, or even 30,000 volts .. quite safe, while in a very damp and foggy climate, in rain and sleet,balf tbis .voltage may be decidedly unsate.-Cassier's l\lngazine.

ALTERNATING-CURRENT. WIRING.

By GeOrge T. Hancbett.

Alternating-current wiring differs from direct-currelit wiring in some im­portant detaUs, wbich should be known to'tbe wiremen •. 'J;he reason for tbis dif­ference is found in tIle fact that, owing to a peculiar property of alterpating cur­rents, the loss ot volts in -the line is usually somewhat greater. This extra 1088. In volts arises from a very different cause 'from that of the ohmic resistance of the line. Tbe line al ways bas' the same resistance whether the current be direct or alternating. This addition(l! cause of loss of voltage is called the re­actance and only asserts itself when al­ternating or rapidly-varying currents are used. The. combined retarding ef­fect Of the reaetanee and resistance is called the impedance of the line.

Reactance consists of two factors, one of which Is known as the inductance and the other as the capacitance of the cir­cuIt. Tbe Inductance tends to retard and the capacitance to assist the flow of the current; It sometimes happens that this new factor ll.ppearing in alternating cur­rent lines has a 'negative value and ac­tually assists the 110w of current through tbe wire, sometimes making the voltage available at the end of the line greater than that impressed at the receiving end. When this factor has such a. value. that tends to counteract or eliminate the ef~ feet of the resistance, capacitance is said to prevail This curious effect of an Increased terminal voltage with lines of large capacitance puzzled experts a long while, alid while this state of uncertain­tyexisted It was named tbe Ferranti ef­fect, bemuse It. was first noted in a marked degree on the Ferranti mains at Deptford, Kngland.

It Is evident that ilDY circuit wbicb possesses a mllrked reactance cannot be caJ.cllJated by tbe ordinary dlrect-cur-rent methods. Something more is necessary and that it is the aim of this article to provide. Before submitting the formu­lae and curves, II. bl'ief discussion of tbese two new factors In wiring will be Interesting and opportune.

The student of electrical matters has early learned that a wire carrying a cur­rent is surrounded by a field of magnetic force, the lines being at right angles to the wire at everY pOint and therefore for;miDg a circle about the wire.in a plane at right angles therewith. Another elementary principle Is that a wire cut by, or cllttlng,lines of force bas gener­ated In It electromotive forces due to such cutting. It is only necessary to ap­ply these -principles to u -wire CllTl"Ying an alternate current to get a sufficiently clear idea of.inductance for the purposes of interior wiring.

It is evident that if the current if! a constant direct current, the magnetic field It generates will be both steady and constant, but if the curl'ent be alternat­Ing and continuully lIuctnating between a positive Ilnd negative maximum value, the field that it cJ"(,utes will be fluctuat­Ing ,also, and lines of force will be c~m.­tlnually sent out and called in, in order

.THE ELECTRICAL WORKER.

. to keep. thelr number exactly propor­tional to,-th~currerit the Wire i~ carry­ing. Auyconductor 'placed in this" ·moY-< ing field of force will be cut by these Hues, and electromotive forces will be genernted tberein. The conductor to which the lines of force owe their exist­ence is no exception to this law. There­fore, as the pulses of curreut oscillate back sud f4r.tb..i.n the w-ire, UttlelHllses . of electromotive force are generated in it, due to the field outside, and these pulses nresot.imed. that they interfere with the 'impressed' electromotive force and roouce its'effective value. It is easy to see that this Is Il: property essentially belonging to alternating or lluctuating currents. The pulse of induced electro­motive force collides, as it were, with the impressed electromotive force .. ren­deriug their difference only effective.

Capacitance is also due to electromo­tive forces other than the impl'essed elec­tromotive force existing in the wire, but these electromotive forces are due to an entirely different cause. To understand tllis a comprehension of electrostatic ca­pacity is necessary. If two plates are charged from a source of electriCity and these plates are carefully instilated from each other, they will retain their charge after the wires are removed,and if they are connected together a pulse of curreut will flow till equilibrium is restored. These plates may be of any shape and size and may ,be auy distance apart; the iusulator may also be of any kind, and on these magnitudes just enumerated the capacity effect depends. It has been common to describe a condenser as two couduct(ll"S separated by an insulator. Every electric circuit contains this and therefore every: electric circuit has ca­pacity.

Now, If the impressed electrolIl()tlve force on a. condenser is steady. the con­denser will simply be filled with eleCtric­ity at that pressure, and no other effect will be apparent. If, on the other hand, the current is alternating, the condenser will hal'"e a. chance to discharge into the line at the instant when the electromo­tive force impressed upon It becomes' zero or nearly so: and these pulses of electromotive _force are so -t-imed that they assist the flow of current ill. the wire. This phenomenon is called capaci­tance and, like inductance, only asserts itself when the current is pulsating or alternating. Below are enumerated the factors affecting reactance.

Great capacitance results from tbe fol­lowing conditions:

Conductors of large superficial area, such as ribbons or concentric tubes; min­imum linear distance between conduct­ors; high specific inductive capacity of the separating insulator, a peculiar and special property.

High inductance is caused' by.higb fre­quency of pulsation of the alternate cur­rent; strong magnetic field generated thereby, which in ·turn, depends on the area of the circuit, and the presence of magnetic material, such ns iron, witbin it.

In interior wiring the phenomenon of cnpacitance is seldom noticed because it il:l entirely overshadowed by the more promineut inductance effect. In fact, ca­pacitance is seldom, if ever, noted ex~ cept when the wiriug is (In the concen­tric system in wbich one of tile con­ductoi-s is a tube aud contains the other.

'ilie aim, therefore, should be' in alter-

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nating-current wire to arrange the ~lr­cuits so as to have as little inductance and as great a capacitance as pOSSible, Ilnd then to calculate the wire by a' formula that takes these factors luto ac-

. count. and gives the wire sufficient ex­tra conducting power, in order that the ohmic drop will be l'educed so as to make up for the Inductive drop that is un-avoidable. .

To do this the following couditions should be observed: The lead aud return wires should be as uear together as pos­sible; tbis both reduces tbe reactance and increases the permittance. The cir~ {'uit I!hould avoid the form of a; coil and should contaiu no Iron. Tbe wires should be as small as possible. A number of spe­cIfic cautions will be mentioned, for al­though they are suggested by the gener.­al cautions already given, they are ex­amples of application' and coY'er some very common cases.

When iron-armored conduit is used, tbe two wires of a circuit should be run In one tube, for otherwise the circuit will contain iron to such a degree that the use of an enormous cable, which would­practically eliminate the obmic drop, would still insufficientiy reduce the im­pedance of the circuit.

It must be distinctly remembered that increasing the size of the wire does not appreciably diminish the iDductive drop. It diminishes the resistance, and by thus l'educing the ohmic drop renders the in­ductive drop; more endurable .. Loop cir­Cuits, which, are so useful In direct-cur­rent Wiring, are too inductlve to be'used in alternating-current wiring, except In cases of a small system.

In runlliug out a large number of leads from a cabinet, the common prac­tice of buncnlng the wires of like poliir­tty, wlll result in an Increased..reacta..nce of that part of the cirCUit, while the buncbing of unllke wires will practically eliminate it. The reactapce effect may be so great .that it will pay to adopt,the latter expedleut and Increll$e the insula­tion of the wiring. If a closed loop be placed so as to coin­

cide with a loop of wire carryiug alter­nating currents, currents will be gener­ated therein anU wID neutralize the ef­f~t (If i!lductance to a considerable ex- . tent. Therefore, wben .the running al­ternating-current wiring In separate metal-armored tubes, it ",ill be well to connect the outer armor of the two tubes at Intervals and tbus reduce the lDduc­tive drop.

Turning now to the caleulation of a circuit, the student Is referred to the ac­companying curves_ It would be tedious and iucompreheusible to many to foliow the theory by which they were deduced, but anyone can practically apply them. There are two sets of curves, one for the frequency of 15,000 a.lternatlons per min­ute and tbe other for 7,200 alternations per minute. Both of these are freqnen­cies that the interior wireman is likely to eucounter. .

The line loss is assumed as In dlrect­current wiring, and the leugth of the circuit (single distance) is also known. The curreut to be carried Is determined by calculation from the number of lamps in circuit. The rule is as follows:

Dividp. the line loss by the amperes to \:Ie carried, and by the distance ill. feet. This gives a numerical quantity called K. Search out tbe value of K and of the intera.x1al distance of the wires on

4 THE ELECTRICAL WORxER.

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o . 5 10 the axis of the curVes given_ Follow the ordinate and abcissa thus indicated to the pofut where, they intersect, and choose the wire corresponding to the nearest .curve. The nearest straight line co~ponds to .the wire that should be used jf the system be one of direct cur-

an abcissa are located and lhese two lines meet in a point. This point

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. rents, and it will be seen that a notable dUference exists. It will be noted that th~ straight lines are the same for all 'lnteraxial distances and frequencies, which, of course, is:to be expected. With

. these two charts almost any interior cir-cuit can be calculated. .

As some readers may not clearly un· derstand the use of the curves for' al­ternating-current wiring,several prob­leum will here be given to cover all pos­sible cases.

The first thing to do is to divide the line 108.<;, which is assumed as 4 volts, 5 volts or 10 volts, etc., by the current to be transmitted in amperes, and to.divide that result by the distance in feet. The result is the impedance. per foot of cir­cuit, .and hos been designated by K. The value of K is sought on the vertical scale of the curve and the interaxial dis­tance (that is, the distances.' between the centers of the wires) is found on the horizontal aXis. T·hus an ordinate and

is in the midst of the curv~ and the nearest one corresponds to the proper wire to use.

The wires that are indicated in the curves cover any Cil$eS tllat th~ interior wireman is likely to encOuDter~. Any smaller wir~ shO'uld be calculat~d by the ordinary.direct-curreilt rules. Cor in those cases the inductance is such a small part of the total irupetl:i:lce that it is n~gligible. It will b~ rwtw in the cur"e ror .No. S wirrl wiw 7,200 :Jltcrna­tions, thllt the curve and' tile straight line sO' clo:*ly agree that a. point nearest the C:\H·ve would alS() be' nearest the stra!ght line, and theref~"(' it would make nO' dhlenmce in the wirp. ultimate­ly chosen, whether ili"ect or alternating­curr!'ut m~.thO'ds wete lli4e.1. It would be, therefore, legitimate to uSe direct-cur­rent methOdS whero the wire clilnes.out smaller fuan the sizes suo,,;n on the chart.s.

There is also the \!lIse ",herp. the wire conieR out larger than the· sizes 8hown Gntlle charts and, of course, the latter fail to indica.te it. In these cases the In-

PEa MlN"OTE.

ductance forms so large a part of the to­tal impedance of the circuit that it will not pay to try to reduce the latter by re­dUCing the resistance. .The drop will ha'\"e to be endured or neutralized by other methods. Impedance can only be profitably reduced. by reducing, the re-

. sistance within the limits shown on the charts, and many contractors would hes­itate to use some of the larger si!',:es de­manded there, but would prefer to sub­mit to the larger drop. . .'

FollOwing are three· problems. th~t cover all possible cases.

Problem 1.-Line loss assumed.' 5 volts; cur-rent to be carried,' 5 ampei·es; distance to be transmitted, 50 ft.: inter· axial distance, 10 Ins.; frequency, 15,000;

S {volts)' 1 .. 5 (amperes) X 50 (ft.) 'SO .OZ=K. H is easy to see at a glan~ that .02 Is

n number far too lnrge to be on the chart. It represents a wire of an, illlpe­dance of 10 ohms per thou8anu feet aud would be about No. 2() wire by direct­cu-rrent rules. The· insurance .rules would demand 'the Ul>e of No. 14, [I>r they 111-

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low nothing smaller, and that settles the matter as far as interior wiring Is (:on­cerned.

Problem 2:-Line loss, 2 volts; cUlTP.nt to be carried, 200 amperes; distnnce, 200

. ft.; 1Dteraxial distance, 24 ins.; frequen· cy,15,000;

. Z (volts) 1 OOOOS zoo (amperes) X ZOO (ft.) 20,000 • . With .00005 as ·an ordinate and 24 as

an abcissa a point is indicated which is far fronl any curve. If the chart was continued to wires of resistance so low t£at the origin of the curves was nearly to the zero point, thus indicating a wire ot nearly zero resistance and, of course, of immense . size, . yet the curve corre­sponding would arch high over this point. If such a problem should arise in interior::wiring, which is extremely un· likely, the conditions could not be com­plied with. It would be impossible to construct a line that would produce these results. .

Problem S.-Line loss, 4 volts; current to be transmitted, 50 amperes; distance to be transmitted, 100 ft.; interaxial dis· tance, 10 ins.; frequency, 15,000;

4 (volts) 4 0008 SO (amperes X 100 (ft.) Sooo •

.0008 plotted vertically and· 10 plotted hOrizontally locate a point very near No. 5 wire, the proper size to use. This is a problem that could easily arise in in-terior wiring. . It would be easy to find cases, asI

have done, that come beyond the range of the chart, but the wires thus called for wUl elther be so small that direct-. current rules will find them as accurate­ly.as alternate-current- rules, or so large that no properly laid out installation would demand them. The reader who m~kes up . .such problems to test the value of the curves should readily see the reasons· why the curves do not re­spond.-Am.erican Electrician.

...... AGREEMENT.

This agreement, made and entered in­to this, first day of April, 189i, by and between St. Louis Electrical Exchange, partY of the first purt, .and Local Union No.1, of the National Brotherhood of Electrical Workers of America, party of the second part.

Witnesseth: . That the parties hereby agree to and with each other as follows:

1. Eight hours shall constitute a day's work-from 8 a. m. to 12 m., and from 1 to 5 p. m. In ,vinter, men .may take halt an hour for dinner and quit work at 4:30 p. m.

2. In going from the shop to his work, or from his work to the shop, a wireman shall receive from bis employer the nec­essary car fare.

3. A wireman shall commence work on a job at 8 a. m. ulil~SIl requiu!d Lv report at shop tor matcrlal or orders. In such cases he shaU l'Cport 30 minutes before 8 a. Di. a tshop.

4. All over ei:;ht hours per day, and night wOrle, shall be paid for at the rate ot time and cne-hnlf; for Sundays and lej:n.l holidays double time shall be pa!d.

5. The legal holidays, for the purposes of this agreement, shall be New Ycar's Day, Fourth of July, Labor Day, 'l'hanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day.

6. The minimum rate of wages for journeymen wiremen shall be $2.50 per day. A journeyman who is recognized

THE· ~LECTRICA~ WpRKER.

as foreman, shall receive not less than $3.00 pe!." daYi .. . . ..

7. Wages snallbe paid every week. . 8. Contractors shall furnish tools for

conduit work, and alSo drills and bittl over eighteen inches in length, when such are:,required on a job. ,Journeymen to be responsible for tooIS"taken frOin shop.

9. All journeymen will.be.helil respon­sible for work they may: perform and will be obliged to rectify all mistakes made by them on their own time.

10. No journeyman shall contract to do any work that should properly; belong to the parties of the first part, and no con­tractor shall do journeyman work, uu­less there are two or more active mem­bers in the firm; in such case a member of the firm, not the recognized head, ruay wo.rk on a job, but he must be an honorary member of the Uilion and carry a working card.

Upon proof being eiltablished of viola­tion of the above, said journeyman or contractor shall be fined not less than $5.00 nor over $20.00 for the first of­fense, and if found guilty the second· time shall be expelled from the Union

. or Exchange or both, as the case may be. ll. No contractor shall employ at any

time more than one apprentice or helper to two journeyman wiremen, but when only one journeyman. is . employed, he may have a helper.

12. A boy stnrting to learn the trade shall serve one year as helper, and at the expiration of that time, if of good character, shall be . a.dmltted to the Union as apprentice; providing he has attained the age of 17 years.

13. Apprentices shall not be allowed to finish work in any branch of the trade under two years of service.

14. When an apprentice has completed his third year, he shall· be examined by the Examining Board, hereafter provid­ed for, and if found competent, shall be promoted to the rI\.l1k of journeyman and shall not again wo:.-k for less than journeyman wages.

15. An Examining Board, consisting of . two members of the Union, two mem­

bers of the Exchange, and a fifth man, choseD -by these .four, woo -must be a practical electrician, not a contractor or In any way connected with the Ex­change or the Unio.n, is hereby author­Ized. The two members selected by the Union shall be considered as having passed the examination.

Each applicant for examInation shall pay $1,00. Revenue thus derived shall be divided equally between the Ex­change and the Union.

16. The Examining Board must meet within one month after this agreement is signed, and once a month thereafter for three months, after which thc meet­ings shall be quarterly.

Ii. All wiremen employed at present or hereafter employed by the Exchange must appear before the ExamInIng Board and pass examination. The grades shall be Foreman, Journeymau, Third­year Apprentice, Se(:ond-year Appren­tico. A:. wireman who fails to pass in the grade he stands for, shall be put in t!uch grade as the Boarll thinks he be­longs; but if he has worked three yeilrs at the trade, he has the privilege of try­ing the examination again at any regu­lar meeting of the Examining Board.

18. A card signed by the Chairman or Secretary of the Board. shall be issued.

5

to each wireman.examined, showing his rating, . and this card, together with the Union working card. shall be demanded of all wiremen.· , .

19. No non-Union wireman shall be newly employed by the members of the Exchange (party of the first part) after the date of this agreement, but the state of labor as It exists to-day shall not be affected until May-1st, 1897, when the. party of the first part agrees that an men In their employ shall be Union men in good stnnd.ing, members of the party of the second part, and the party Of the second part agrees that It will not per­mit members of the Union to work for any tirm' or individual contractors who al"t' not members of the Exchange. .

20. Any non-Uilion m~n now in the employ of the party of the first part shall be admitted into the Union with­out penalty, and for an Initiation not ex­ceeding the rate existing upon Mareh 1st, 1897. and the parties of the first part agree to admit all Electrical Contractors to membership In the Exchange at the present rates until May 1st, 1897 •

21. This agreement shall apply on all work within a radius of 15. miles from St.· Louis Court House, and shall con­tinue in effect for one year. Any refusal to renew this agreement for the next year, or If any change on either side af­fecting this· agreement is contemplated by either party hereto, such party shall gh-e to the other party three months' written noti('e, containing detaIled Infor­mation in relation to such refusal or change.

22. In case ot any clalm for breach of contract on either side,· sucll claim "shall ~ be presented to the Gtber party In writ­Ing, and the question of. whether a breach ot. contract has been committed. shall be immediately submitted to arbi­tratiQll, each party hereto choosing one arNtrator, and these two·a third.

23. In case tte· claim tor breach· of contract be sustained by the Arbitra­tion Committee, the 'party committing the breach of contra.ct shall immooiatel!, pay to the other party hereto, as Iiquldat- . ed.damages~ a sum to be agreed upon by said Arbitrating Committee.

24. It.1s ~ -further ..agr-eOO -that ilQ

change In the rate of wages, namely, $2.50 per day for journeymen, nor in the hours (.'onstituting a day's labor (eight hours), six days per week, shall be asked for by either party, except the change to take place on the first day of l\Iay in any year, and not then unless notico is otliclally given In writing ninety days preceding by the party asking for such 0. change.

25. Neither party hereto shall do any act discrimlnatillg in any way against any member or applicant to either body, due to any action I~ .the PRst.

This agreement: sholl go into effcct l\I!lj 1st, IS~7~· ST. LOUIS·· ELECTRICAL EX-

CHANGE, Per Local Union, No. I, St. Louis, National

Brotherhood Electrical Workers of America, Per

Camden, N. J.-Clty Engineer Farn­ham has presented his report to the Lighting Committee of the Common Cuuncil in regard to the cost of a light­ing plant for the city. His estimate for a plant consisting of 1,000 arc lights nnd lO,OOO Incandescent llghts, including buildings and machinery, Is $'110,000.

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OPPIC:U.L ]OV1UfAL OF TUB

IATIOIW. BROTHERHOODQF ELECTRICAL , ", . , 'WORKERS.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.

J.T'-KEi...LV,Publi$het:.and Editor, 90 .. Olive Street. St. l,oub, Mo.

•• T&RSD A.,. -TN.'- "aTo'''les AT aT. LoU.a, ,..0 ••• a· . eECOND.<CU •• MATTER.

'iU(£c..trIVE.BOARO., iL'W;S~AN, Gu.NDPRESmBNT,

, 1 Sauer'Place, Rochester. N:Y. ' I: T. xBI.I.y~ GLUm SECllBTAlty.

"9!K OUve'Stteet,St. Loui •• Mo. JOHN BtSsERICH. Ga.um TIlBASVllBil.

, " l8Z'J N •. Tw4;D,tY-H!=Ond St.. St. Louis, 140,

" 1Ofl~1l:~Ir:~~hison, Xu. -, . J. iJ:: "MALONP;Y. ' . Cue weSteria Uuion Tel. eo;.,I,aredo. Tex.

, " . P.R. WIsSINGER 'ltl w. Payette StreelO DaUiiDOre, Md.

". . 'E •. :OOLVIN." I ZS'8 J,iDcoln street, Allston, 14 ....

A.,P.IRWIN. 425 Geary street, SaD Pranclsco. Cal.

.U.iicIU"!OIl •• , .,OO-nll YEAII .11 ADVANCE.

Aa 'Taa '8LEcTJW:AL WOltKBJl reaches the men whO do the wcrk and ~mmei1d or order the material, its value as an advertising medium 'can ' bereadilyapp~ted.

St.;Louis,' Mo~, April, .~~

W. ·N.eGATItS; '- SP.EClAL ADVEllTIStNG'AGBNT, ,29 JCnc:Ud Avenue, CLBVELAlW, ,pmo.. : c,

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,"f:'

In answer to' the announcement made In .the .last jssue .of 'the "WOI'.ker," we have heard trom ten cities, all of which we hope'to see organized in the near fu­ttu'e. 'Keep up the good work. '

With this Issue three Press Secretaries make thelr,lnitial bow, Introducing three unlons to our readers for the 1I.rst time­Syracuse, Pittsburg and Erie. It is need­less to say they wlll be welcomed by their. brotber Press Secretaries on the staff of the'''Worker.''

Senator Allen of Nebraska has Intro­duced a bill In the United States Senate to repeal the civil serVice law and all supplementary acts;, arid 'alSo to annul all exeCutive orders blls~ on these 'laws. We'are -much ilurpri8ed:ithat'tbe Intel'-' national Typographical Unlon'should ap­prove this blJl: Bro. Pl'escott must' be­lieve with Andrew Jackson that "to the victor belongs the spoils." We can un­derstand why Mark Hanna should favol.· the repeal of the civil service laws in order to reward his shouters !n the last campaign, but where does the I. T. U. come in?

It II! reported that M. M. Garland, Pres­Ident of the Amalgamated Association of Ir{)n and Steel Workers and Fourth,

THS' ELECTRICAL WORKSR.

V!ce Prel!ldt'!ntof tbe ~. F. of L., f.s slat­ed for Commissioner of Immig'l'ntlon for the port of, New York, to :succeed' Ed­wru'd McSweency of ,the L-asters' 'Union. Bro. Garland bas always:betm ail,nr.uent Republican nnd a bellever'in'high~tariff, and ,it he seCures the, position so ably filled by'Erlw.McSweeney, it'wtHbe a just. recognition by the present, admin­istration of the .A.D'lalgamated' Associa­tiOi:l of Iron and SteelWorkers':'advo-cacYOf,h~~h mia.·· ' " ,

,. .

Apropos of the Tr~lIi~-Mlssotirfdeclsion . otthe Snpreme COl1rt,~ our Lt~borUnions shoulc1 . act cautloU$ly. lind not' assist their natur:;l eneD'ly., the, trusts, as it will be' noted that corporatiOn 'attorneys and, the cap~tlllisti(!pr~ss,si~cethis' de­cis~oil" luJ,ve been verYfrieIidly til labor organl7.ations~ Intending, nO dQ'Ubt; to use tbem to pull the cjiestnuts ot,monopoly out of the fire, by telling the laboring pe6pleth:it the decision of the~upreme Court Is,n hlow in'dtsgu!se :it org(lnized labor.' Organized 'Iubor will find itself In bad company. anii'Mli get the .worst of' {t"i!'lt listens to the Diouthpieces of monopoly, "nowt.hat'tbe S'uprem~ Court hastotiched a teJ:lder' spot 'wher·e:-they lea'8te.~pected>lt. 'c' ',-,"; " ',,'

" •.••. ,:;.. _. ~:'."'::' ,~:.., t ...... : .~ ,.:: .. ' :.~.

Two" unions bave '-been' added to our rosterdUrtng the past month-Erie, 'pa., and Des Moines, 4- ,:t.'JrleEtl;lrted in with 21 ehnrte~ members audwas 01'­ganlied'by-Samuel )Velss, Organl!:-er ot the A. F. ot L., and edItor of"'The Peo­ple." He deserves " IIi,ucb, eredltfor his work hi QrgaJilZingEi'ie, for all,previous attempts were"futUet,altbougb, fir) great an 'organizer as Henry'Miller<had tnadt. the attempt: Deg" M~lnes ha~, b~en' or­ganized by the' etrorts' ot some of the 'old members of, No. ':51li' 'wlio' have come to theconCiusfon thntllte Is not'wortb'liv­Ing without uunloD."'Wltil'thelr)pnst ex­perience to'gUide,th~m, ther:e Isjlo rea­son why thenew,un,o~ in Des Moines' should not be'a success.· ;;- ""

Sates-are not safe;: :.A.t least this Is the conclusion reached..by 'Lieut. Samuel Ro~' man, n., in n TeCeIrt issue ot tbe A.illeri­can Electrician. Untn' recently safe man­ufacturerS had,only to contendwltb bi~h explosives. but', now the up-to-:dlite bur­glar has brought the electric cUrrent in­to ser.vice,- and boles oln' be 'fused through any safe with astonisbingrap­idity. Conne(.-tlon Diay Pe made with an electric Ught. wire_ or a stt'eet'mllway line, 'or a storage battery' may be :placed in a room or-building conveilient'oto the one to be burglarized;' Theklt' required Is a small and 'simple aaalr,' ConSisting of a,coH'ot'\vil'e,a resist'lJlce bo:ic, 'and ani Ilrc light,' ('arbon. With'thls outfit holes have been m1lde through 3 1-2' inches of met'!, in' 'from three to' five minutes.· ' ,,',:,,,.. '

"'/"

\Ve ,call attention to' an '!lnnouncement by Rro. Robert G. Wright in another col­umn.Bro. W'l"lght was ,a ch."rter mem­bel' 'of Union No.:Sl, o!l<'ort W'orth; 'rex., and was Fin.Sec'y., f.-om the'tiruc the Union was orgimized, In At!gl,~8t, 16.'94, untH he"left tlJe city, in: August, 1895, goil!g to Dent('fii Tex .• for the 1'e!cphone

'Co:,';in which city -he WIlS seriously in­jured,a.few' months :utel"by-famng57 Ceet. '

With greitt dlfficultY.Bro. Wriglii has written "A Portuble,Climax,'" ·which is

{April'

In itself an Interesting story, weU worth the price askoo, If it had no higher c;!lalm' on our sympathies, but when combined with this we have an opportunl~"to-ald a deserving brother in· sore distress,. 'DO~ member of the N. B. E. W;shOuld faU to purchase one of the books. "

The post 'office departmept .. has :~ed that it is unla lYfui to, attacp', aborGOtt' paster on a letter. This ,ruling" wai!o~,~ casioned by a letter mailed' ~t, St. , :LoUIS by an offiCer of a local labQr unio~., .on the envelope was a sm;tll pijlk paster. boycotting the Armour PackIng Co. of Kansas City ;lnd Chicago; The le.tier was stopped by the post O~C&, aUthl,?r1-ties, and he,ld pending the rec~ipt Of ip.­structions trom the depa.rt,ment at Wa~~~, ington. The.reply was to thceffect,thllt a letter containing the pastersdes,cribed was a clear violation of the law,prohib-, iting the sending through the malls Qt ' any matter calculated to rctiect i~ju-, riously upon the character 01' conduct of another. The letter was accordingly re­turned to the writer, who will pot, be prosecuted this time, in view' of his evi- , dent ignorance of the law, but any fu­ture 'offenders will be severely dealt with.

The Boot and Shoe W01~kers' -Union of Stoneham, Mass., has' Issued an apptc'al for financial aid for the three hundred shoe workers locked out by T. H. Jones & Co. It has beeD the custom of this' firm to

make prices with a representatlvi! of the union for the past fourteen years; "but now, thinking that the cQnditlQn ot" busl- . ness and the labor, marketfav.orable, has attempted to crush the Ufe'out of· the >

Boot and Shoe Workers' Union by doB-', ing the factory, discharging all thel~ em­ployes, posting a reduced price list, and' positively refusing to employ their old help except as individuals at the redul'.ed' price. This occurred eleven weeks ago;, and the union having now exhausted all its resources, calls for assistance. The fight Is for principles, that are vital to organized labor, namely, recognition by, the employer and the right to' organize for mutual protection. Contributions cali be sent to E. J. C. McKeen,Box ,168. 'Stoneham, Mass. .'

Six months ago any person who dared question a deCiSion of the SupremA Court was called an anarchist and .all kinds of epithets were hurled ,at Bryap and his followet:a for questioning the ili- ' come tax decisfon. The plutocratic preSS then held that the United States Supreme Court' was something sa~red, bilt the' shoe pinches the other toof,aridnow the same corporation organs are 'breath­ing "treason," and when' corpora-' tion organs beco1De anarchial they do' not . mince words. ~'he Har~ord '''T4mes/i

published in the stronghold of-frustsas' their organ. refers to the recent' d~c1s­ion of the Supreme Court in the Traml­Missouri decision as follows: '~The"Su­preme Court of the United 'States was con~titiJted as' a fiQal authOrity in mat­ters of law, but when it comes to all­round reasonableness of affairs, in gen­eral, there are several million mure of us who are quite as competent to determine 'what is, wbat'as the nine gowned gen­tlemen" on the supreme bench at Wash-' ington." Quite' a change' in sentiment since November 3d. ' .

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LABORAi\'I) THE ANTI-TRUST DE­, CISION.

It Is a curlOU!!, but not wholly inex­plicable phenomena, that the loudest protests agnlnst the recent anti-trust de­cision or the United States Supreme Court as n. blow at labor unions comc from railroall attorneys who have sys­tematically fought, labor organizations, or from. newspapers which 'have habit­ually defended trusts. And it is a very impressive evidence of the thorough dis­cipline of all the forces which go to cre­ate, maintain nnd defend combinations in restraint of trade, that so !lwiftly after the .decision against the Trltns-Missouri Assqciation the plan of campaign should have been formed, and all over the United States the wrongs of the work­Ingman should be seized upon as the wedge with which to break. into Con-gress. _ .

Withii'l thirty days the very railroads which ever since the futile strike of the AIilerciiul RaHway Union have kept ac­tive' union men on thc blacklist will have their .. agents out seeking to prove to un­Ion ,nenthat the integrity and perma­nence of organized labor are dependent upon Congressional action for the repeal of the hw upon which the anti-pooling decision rests. Not ouly will the shrewd­est' corporation lawyers and the most un­scrupulous corporation newspapers be employed to this end, but workingmen must 'expect to find members of their own organizations suddenly appem'ing as· defenders of ralll'oad combinations and corporate monopolies.

The .. Journal," would suggest to the members of labor unions extreme cau­tion,. lest they find themselves used to pull the chestnuts of monopoly out of the fh-e for monopolists who will' never divide theprize.-New York Journal.

The Natlonul Brewery Workers' Union has Issued a circular in regards to the dUliculty existing among brewery work­ers In. ltochester. l.'he circular has the follOwing postscript attached: "The aboVe matter having been submitted to the A. }i'. of L. it has received full con­sldeiution nnd approvul and all labor is urged to support tbe National Brewery Workers' Union In its just cnuse.

SAl\I'L GOMPERS, Prealdent A. F. of L.

FRANK MORRISON, Sec'y.

THE POSTAL IN ARKANSAS. Editor Electrlcal Worker.

As I see nothing in the March Work­er from the State of Arkansas, I thought I would send in' a few lines myself from the land of bull frogs and mosquitoes.

I .am with the Postal '!'elegraph Co., building a new line betW\!Cll Clarendon and' Pine Bluff, along the Cotton Belt Ralh-ond, and have ;)uilt through Willer all the way, frpm knee deep to over your -bead. Br~s. Hatt; Cunningham' and Henning are all l'1ll1ning l!Illl~S here. Also Bro. Edmondson, of No. lR. Bro. Hatt left here for Dallas, l.·(~x., last week. I hope he gets to work in n. better place thnn where he left.

There has ,been quite a number of line­men through h~re looking for work, but as' this coiullany only allows five line­men In euch gang. we could not put them all to work. I think times must be pretty close all over the couuh'y when men come to Arkar:;sas for work. But as I have a job here, and don't know of

THE ELECTRICAL WORKER.

one elsifwher~,'''''ui~ and A,Qldlit dOl"ri until t1J:i1cS-' get better, if the . malaria don't get me. 's. W. McORAOKEN.

Wabt-aseka, Ark,' . .

A CARD O}i'THAlIIKS. Local Union No. 75, N. B. E. W.:

Dear Friends: Kindly accept my ever grateful thanks for your kindness to my husband and myself duricg a little spell of Illness. Your prompt response and careful attention proved: you brothers In deed as well as In name. In such broth~ ersone feels there are true friends to whom one may turn and trust. J~ong live the N. B. E. W. of A. May

God bless you, one and all. MRS. E. BEATRICE L, WILLIAMS.

. Grand Rapids, Mich.

BROTHERS, READ Tms.

Fell 57 Feet-Still Living, But Badly Crippled.

No doubt a good number of the broth­ers have forgotten that such a man or being as myself ever existed. But when I tell them that I have been an Invalid for nearly seventeen months, they will understand better why I have not been heard from. On the night of Nov. 20, 1895, misfortune overtook me, and I will probably never be able to do any more work to earn my dally bread. I fell a dlstrince of 57 feet, and strnck on my bnck, dislocating my spine In two places, and as a result have been paralyzed ever since from my shouldel's down, and as what llttle means I had has long since been exhausted, I have composed a. small book, which I hnve succeeded In getting published, and am now olrerlng for sale at 5() cents per copy. Now, brothers, I appeal to you to lend me un. helping hand," as I baye a wife and a little girl to support, and am without means, .and physically helpless. " My only refuge is through the sale of this little book. If the brothers of the N. B. E.W. alone would each buy a copy of this little book, I could pay for the publishing of it, and have enough money left to get me to the surgicaLhospital and -have.an operation performed on my spine, which my phy­sicians say will have to be done before I can obtain any relief whatever.

This book Is confined to the application or electricity with the wInd forces, and, in brief, is a story of the Invention, and contains 152 pages. NO\v, brothers, let each one of you place yourself In my condition-physically helpless,· with a wife nnd child, and no means'wlth which to buy the bread you eat. Is it not dis­tressing? Brothers, you can never real­Ize the depths of this awful amiction un­less you wcre thus situated . .I truly hope that every brothel' who reads this will he able. to realize the gnlYity of my ",ase and send to me for one of my books, which I wiJI mail to him promptly. Now, hrotbers, who will be first to respond'? My address aftcr the 15th of April will be at. Fort "'orth, Tex., and wbile I am badly crippled, :fnd received an awful full, still the blow failed' to knock any of the "Union" properties out of me.

Hoping for the day when my sky will he n10re clear, and with best wishes for eycry nwmber of . the Brotherhood, I 11m. frnternally and grntcfully your af-tlictell brother, .

ROBERT G. WRIGHT, Denton, Tex.

7

FROM OUR UNIONS. ST. LOUIS NOTES.

Electrical work In St. LoUis -has im­proved but Slightly dur!ng the past month. We notice, however,·'durlng the last few days there are not so many of the ,boys ·lounging 1ll'Ound the readIng' l'OOlU. This Is a. sure indication that more of them are getting to Wj>rk eacb day.

The only large jobs of inside wiring go­Ing on at present are the Century bUlld­ing and Liggett & Myers' new tobacco factory. All the men are working on these jobs that. will probably be put on, which has been somewhat of a disap­pOintment, as it Was expected that a larger force would be employed, thus giving a chance to some of our boys, who have lived on snowballs and hope during the winter, to get a change of diet.

The Kinloch Telephone Co. has.a large force at work digging up streets, and laying conduits. Tbe work so far. has all been done by laborers, who rec~ve, we understand, the munificent wagies of $1.10 per day. The Bell Telephone Co. has not started work yet on Its under­ground system. Can it be possible that the Kinloch people are building to sell out to the Bell? The boys ,vlll be sus­picious of the Kinloch·Co: until it starts to build its exchllnge and string wire.

The Missouri Electric Light and Pow­er Co. put on several gangs during the past month: These were gangs that were laid off after MnrkHanna's pros- ' perlty arrived last November. The St~ Louis Light and Power Co. and the Suburb::m Rnlhvay are also doing some' work, but there is no prospect for a rush in the immediate future.

The Edison' Illuminating Co. ot· St. Louis hos been undet:goiQg a reorganiza­tion for several weeks.' In accordance with the plan of reorganlmtion the bond­ed indehtooness of the company will be reduced from $4,000,000 to $2,000,000, and the capital stock will be reduced from $8,000,000 to $4,000,000. The reor­ganizing committee bas called In all bonds, and .have Issued tr.ustee cert!fi­cates, which, In turn, will be exchanged fOl' bonllA of the new company after the reorga.nlzatlon is effected. Of the four thousand $1,000 'bonds, 3,966 were re­turned leaving only $34,000 of holdings unaccounted for. About 3,600 shares of the stock are still outstanding. The holders of the stock deposited $3 with each share returned, and in exchange will receivehnlf as mn·ny shares of the common stock of the reorganized com-pnny. .

The date of th~ sale of the property hns not yet becn:set:,_~JJnder the,law, 30 days must elaps.! between the order and the salc. At the ~nd ·~,t·thnt time the rec organization committee will buy In the prope·rty for t-be b6lKlbolders.

F01' tbe benefit of the 0111 members, who ha.ve not been here for a uumber of ycars, it might be added that the Edi­SOll Co. is the successor of the l\Iunici­pal Co., which put in tbe street lighting system of St. Louis In 1889 under the contmct secUt'ed by Chus . .::.utter a: year previous. Bids al'e now ad\"ertised for lighting the city for a term of years. and it is presumed the reorgani7..1ltion of the l~dison Co. hnl;1 somehting to do witll the next city lighting rontrnct.

About n J'ear ago Union No. 1 started

In to unionize this city. During the ear­ly pUt ot last summer we succeeded in getting In nearly all the inside wiremen, and for several months after the cyclone took in a large number of linemen, but as soon as the rush work caused by the cyclone was over there was a general la",-o~ by an companies, and more than ball our lInemen were forced to leave the clty to seek work elsewhere. The companies continued to reduce their forces, 'until by January 1 there were tewer linemen at work in St ... Louis than at ani period In its history since the general IntrOduction of ,electricity. This, of course, iilterrupted ~e progress of No. I, and it was a struggle royal to hold Its own, and much. credit Is due to the officers and. hIlrd~working members of the.UhlDn; ot" it WeW€Ul<lve received ,such

'a set back ,that It· would require the great~ Part of the coming season to re­gain lost ground without making any ad­vance, but now we are in. a position to t"alteup tile work where we left off last fall -aDd order a forward march.

Several times since No. 1 was organ­Ized attempts have been made to come to some agreement with the contractors which would be mutually beneficial both to the contrac:tors and journeymen. Com­mittee after committee was appointed by the Union, but no progress was made. Last fall a new committee was appoint­ed, which PI'oves the truth of the adage, "U at tlrst you don't succeed, try, try ,aga-ln.." The committee, at our last meetm,g, presented its final report in the shape of a contract signed by the Elec­trical EXchange; and thus the bickering'S of. five years'are at abend, and we can .look tor 8. gradual improvement In the 'condltlon of the electrical business in St. Louis. .

Too much praise 'cannot be given to the committee for the hard and persist­ent work done under the niost discourag­ing c1r~mstances. . It was necessary day aftei~y to chase after contractors and eXplain: to them the benefits that could be derived from a recognition of the union and the employmcnt of none but union men. Graduall", we succeed­ed ln gettIng one contractor after an­other Interc~ted, and finally secured their signatures to a preliminary agreement, with the understanding that we were to meet with all the contractors in the city in a joint meeting as soon as arrange­ments could be made. • The contractors of St., Louis organ­ized an association known as the Elec-

, . ttical .Exchange about six years ago. When It. was first, organized we tried to come to an understanding with it, but re~ived a cOl~ reception, as the con­tractors thought at that time that they ('Ould ignore entirely, the Journeymen Electrical WorkerS. The Exchange con­tinued its existence' up to the present Without accompll$lng-mlythlng toward ImprovIng the condition of the electrical trade, but, on the contrary, received a knock-out from the St. I...ouis Board ·of Fire Underwriters greater than that re­ceived by Corbett at Carson City. The dues paid by the members were used to give an annual blow-out in the form of a banquet at the Merchants' Exchange. The last banquet, given in .January, was said by"the daily press to be modeled af­ter a certain dInner given in New York. At any rate, after the banquet, it was al­most Impossible to 1lnd a contractor who would acknGwledge that he was a memo

THE ELE("~RIC.AL WORKER.

ber of the St. Louis Eltctricnl fuchangc. '£t.ls was another one of the stumbling blocks encountcred by the ('Otnn;ittee .. It was necessary to organize 1.ht~ contract-ors. .

The electrical business In St. Louis is In II. uepiorable- cond!tion, So long as contractors persisted iu hiting boys, wllile good men .were walldng the streets, these men did the only Thin:; it was pos­sible for them to QO, namely, take con-' tracts for :themselves, until ('ompetition hecome so great, l!nd the number of con­trt!ctors had Increased to such an ex­tent that it was almost impossible to to get any. price for work, and conse­quently wages. suffered. During the past winter shops that hired union men and paid our' scale •. found it .. impossible to secure contrnc.u" an(l (}f course thcy could not employ, many men, although their expenses for 'rent, taxes, etc., were running the saine as before, and this notwlthstan<1ing:the fact that the In­spection department of the Board of Un­derwriters showed th .. lt as much work was done during the past six months as in any simllar period in the history of 'St. Louis. The' work was donc 'by boys or small contractor.;;, who had no shop, and did all their own work. .. '

We think the agreeinent whi~h we have made with' the electrical contract­ors of'St. L9uis,e whicil,.goes ~nto effect on MaY'lst, will do much towards rcme­dying the evils: atoovereferred to, and that in one year the conditIon of our trade' will J>e improved to such an ex­tent thnt it will be. possible to raise the ante, andthaf' by Jriutl.liH ~greement, without theslighest frict.lon.We pub­lish the agreement in full, 'us it may con­tain points t~at w:iII iD.!erest our broth­erS 1D other cIties;' and'be 'of assistance to thcm In secul'iD,g similar agreements:

E~ECTRON. '---'-------

UNION' N.O. 5, PITTSBURG, PA. I presnme you requIre a few words

from No. 5 for' your 11nion eolumns. '£here . is. 11 . familiar saying that a. new broom sweeps. clean, which No, 5 is do­ing, and let us-hope that sIle Dlay con­tinue to do so, -and that" she may never know of any end to success. 'Ve, No. 5, are.,.now In our infancy, but we are nearly··60§.trong; and expect ~o have a large number to taJ,e the obliga"tion next meeting night, April 8th. We ha.ve unan­imouslydecided to· gIve, .n smoker, and ,ve w1l1 issue invitation!;! and distribute them among the clectrical workers of the city, and expect to entertain -them with vocul and 'instru~enful music, and some good orations appropriate for the brotherhood. Alter sowlng the seed we nre expecting a good harvest.

Our brQther unionistl:' '\vHI· ue pleased to hear that the tlu-ee largest job~ in this city l\I'e belng {I~ne pxchLo.ive!y by the N. B. E. W. me.n,.viz,: H~nry Hotel, 1,600 lights, arworite. tubin;;; Lincoln School, and the WaHan fIlfice building, and nlthough they may not be all paying II. fixed seelle of wages, le( us hope for success, and not be too avaricious, as, iu my opiniol!. that is llsually .the causc of the fallw'e of unionism,

Some of our .brothers have, received the "Elcctl"ic--.Ll "'orl{cr" this m,mtla, as well as last, and have asked whether or not this paper is sent gratis to ail members in g'-,oo stunding. A few lines in your editorial column will enlighten them on the subject. I think that If tb~ pa'per

was sent to all members it ~ouid' 'be a great help, os it keeps the electrical un­ion question running through theiI;' ,m~jld.

AL. E. ELDRIDGE, Press Sec'y.

UNION NO.9, CHICA.GO, ILL. Since my last letter prosperity,· has

struck Chicago (nit) in this WilY: '.l)}ie Chicago City Ry. Is gOing to. build ·as much as four blocks of electric' road, which will take Joe Baker, with.- four men about three hours. When this, is completed they say they will do no more construction this year. The North Chi-

. cago Ry. Co. say they will do no con­struction this year, so the outlook 'for linemen in Chicago is very gloomy at prescnt, and if any of the· brothers ,are thinking of coming this way for work, I adYise thcm to stay away, as there is nothing'doing and no prospect of any­thing. Our brothers have scattered ·to the four winds of the earth; 'rhey'(ed on the hope of prosperity ull wlntel', and have given up in despair. McKinley hQ.s taken his seat. and I think he has bit off more than he can chew 'of th~ tariff bill-for a etart, anyway. The first thing is to take care of monopoly; the last con­sideration perhaps is,' "take care of 'the labor." .

I am glad to know that at least two (If the upholders of scab labor had their noses twisted out of joint In the McKin­Icy Cabinet. Payne, the Milwaukee street railway magnate is too well known for me to say anything regarding' his attitude towards unions, and his love ·for scabs, The other, Col. Harrison Gray Otis,. editor of the Los Angeles "TlDies:' another lover of scabs, who' employs nothing but non-Union men on his dirty shect. "Col." The people of. the c:.'Onet have been trying for years to find out

.how or where he earned that'title, but have not as yet been able to do so. P.er­haps McKinley could 'explain; they fought together In the war. But if he did not make a better soldlcr than he did when Debs attacked him In lin open hall In Los Angeles in 1894, I pity him. He sat In the audience, as mum as 11 clam and t60kBebs' -abuse, for he knew Debs was right, and he did not dare come on the stage and debate when he was chal­lenged. If I had becn in Otis' shoes the night I heard Mr. Debs roast him in Los Angeles (his own town) I would have prayed for the earth to open up and swallow me and get me out of sight. A local paper sta.tes it is not because .the Typographical Union opposed him, but he would have been unacceptable to:Sec­retary Alger on account of his geogravp­ical location. I suppose the writcr meant he was next· to being off the earth, as ,It were.

The following may be of interest to some of the brothers: It is unlawful for an employer to exact 3n agreem.ent, either written or verbal, from an em­ploye. not to join or become a memb'er of a labol' organization as II conq,ition ot employment In California, Indiana, Ida­ho, Massachusetts, Minnesota," Mi'ssouri, New Jersey, New York and ·Ohio. 'The street railway employes of Toledo,. Ohio, have adopted a resolution pledging the vote 'of evCl'y member to those candi­dates for the City Couucil who favor tIlO municipul ownership of 'strect rnilways, 'l'his'is on account of the, trOUble. they had witla thc company recently.". At Council Bluns, Iowa, the Board of' AI­del'men, with but one dissenting v'oice,

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'April]

passed an ordinance directing and re­quiring the usc of the union label on all matter printed. If we could get the city

,officials on our side they could do us more good than all the people on the out­side, and there is no reason, why "we could not get them, as the support of the central labor bodies is worth a good deal to a man running for office.

I think our worthy president, FJ'l\nk Snider, 'bas left, us, as he dId not show up at our meeting last night, and Frank never tails if he is in the city. He ex-

,pected to go to Mexico, but I am not sure whether' he has gone or not.

, A. McFARLANE, l'~ress Sec'y.

UNION NO.-17, DEROIT, MICH. 'I'hls Is the last letter to our journal

, that I may write, as I have been fortun­ate enough to' get an appointment from the United States J..ighthouse Board to a lightship at Port Huron, and will take up ~y duties April 1st.

,That No: 17 is growing rapidly can be seen from my former letters. At our

, meeting two weeks ago, we Intitiated eight ncw members, and two more were brought Into contact with our "ambigu­OU!! goat" on the 16th. , 'We have n: member of No. 17 who Is wUIlng to,slt up all night to explain the benefits of unionism to an electrical worker. Amore untiring member could Dot be found than Bro. Geo. Harrison.

, Thr'ough his eft'orts there were given to , the Recording Secretary twenty applica­tions with accompanying initiation fee. That the members of No. 17 appreciate Bro. Harrison's ellorts was shown at our last meeting, when he was voted unani­mously an emblematic badge, the best

, that could be had. We have at present on file twenty-nlne'appllcations.

Bro. Hawes ,has been sick for two weeks with malaria, but Is out again and able to do' light work. He had a close \!aU.

With this, my last letter to the journal, 1 take great pleasure in introducing my successor, Bro. Thomas Forbes, an old member of No. 17, and ex-President, who wID, without a doubt, fill the Press Sec­retaryship to the letter. As for myself,

,aU I can say is, I have tried. I am soon to leave the Brotherhood

, and No: 17, but I sincerely hope that for the one going out there will be fifty com­ing in. It Is with feelings of regret that I have to leave the many friends that I may have made among the brothers, and

, I wish to thank them all for their many acts of kindness and friendship. I shall always be interested in the Brotherhood, and No. 17 especially, and will always he glad to hear of its progress. So good-

_ bye, boys, we may meet again some day. L. H. BEAMER, Press Sec'y.

UNION NO. 22, OMAHA, ~EB. We }}tHieve there has not been any­

, thing from No. 22 in the WORKER since December,but we have llt~ iftst awakened from our lethargy enough to

,lefthe,other locals know that we arc not dead, but, have been enjoying (~) a pro­found sleep.- Perhaps it was the news of the Fitz-Corbett fight which aroused us. ' We cannot say as to that, but It c~me as a surprise to most of us, but we

, nre glnd that they have nt last s~ttled the championship, nnd perhaps they w!ll let itt rest for awhile, and let prosperity have a chance to get in Its work.

Bnt for news: Bro. Wales and your

THE ELECTRICAL WORKER.

humble servant have just about finished wiring the Crelghtoll Medical Coilege. and we will have a job at the Schlitz Uoof G:m!en, but thatwll1::not I:u;tlong. Bl·os. Lon;hsphrey" AshIUuSeu, aud vt~fra are going to -re-wire the Union PacUic shops as soon as the material shows up, and that,seems to"be about all the,work that is, in sIght. Our worthy President, .T. J. DOOley • .has gone tf) Grand Island, Neb., to run the plant there. Success to you, brother. ,If we had more like you in our ranks we would be none the worse olf.

No doubt a number of the boys in dif­ferent pllices are 'intending' to steer to­wards Omaha this 'spring or summer In the expectation of getting work on the Trans-Mississippi Exposition, but let me ten you, one and all, that it would be a fool's errand, an9 bal'rell of results, from the fact that the site for the Exposition has not been fully decided on as yet, and there will be no prospect of electri­cal work of any kind before October, so you w1lI readily see the foUy of building any air castles on the foundation of the Trans-Mississippi Exposition. While we will extend every hosll\tality to ~ny" brother who chanc('!s to come among us, we cannot help him to a job, for the rea­son that at present there are not jobs enough to go round, and as Bl·o. Wales says, "'Ve have had enough work help-ing ourselves." , ' ,

We are glad to welcome the two new Unions, viz: 72 of Waco, and 46 of Low­ell. Both places are the homes of liter­ary talent, and we shall hope that some of' it will find its way into the :WORK­ER. Incidentally we hope that the 'Wa­co local, does not contain any of the roasters for which, Waco is Doted, of whom W. C. Brann, editor of the "Icon­oclast," is the king.

If any of the brothers have'read his account of the Bradlcy-M.!ll1:in "func­tion," held in the }Valdorf, New York, recently, they will cet'talnly hope that the energy of the brothers of No. 72 will be expended In some other lines of thought than those pursued by Brann, especially if tumed against unsuspect­ing members of the Brotherhood.

MART T., CAS~'ER, Press Sec'y.

UNION NO. 26, WASHINGTON, D. C. Local Union No. -26, Washington, D.

C., meets every Monday evening at 628 Louisiana avenue. Jos. Patterson, Pres., 1127 Twelfth street N. E.; R. F. Metzel, F. S., 509 Eleventh street N. W.

The above notice will call attention to the fact that No. 26 has moved. Boys, you will notice that it is the rolling snowball that gathers the moss," and the stones (rocks), too, for that matter. WeIJ, despite the hard times, No. 26 has taken another step forward and upward. Our Lew hall is 35 fe~t wide by 115 feet long, in which we ba,ve erected three partitions, making our lal'ge meeting hall capable of seating ] 50 people; our ante­room, with lockers and cupboard, and room to accommodate fiftef'n candidates' our committee room 15x20 feet; and ~ club room, with everything to make the members comfortable and enjoy them­selv('!s. Absolutely no liquor, but plenty of cigars, tobacco and H. O. on tap. Wt! sub-rcnt our meeting hall to the Build­ing Trades Council. Painter!; and Decor­n.tors' Union, Plasterers' Ullion, Steam Fitters' Helpers, Pavers' Union, Bakers' Union, Carpenters' Union, and the The-

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atricai Mechanics' .. Union. The rooms that we just left we found to be inade­quate for our purposes, hence the move. However, we would not have moved quite as soon as we did, but for the fact that Mr. Marshall, the landlord, wbo is a very estimable gentleman in every way, except one, opened a breach be­tween us by employing somu non-Union lIlen to make some repairs upon the hull for us, even after our request to him to employ strictly Union men, and, as usual, he not only lost us as tenants, but got an inferior job of work, which wiD have to be done over. -

Your humble servant apologizes for being dilatory In furnishing a copy of

,the two following sets of resolutions, upon the death of Joseph E. Henry and Joseph Woodworth, as It was voted at a regular meeting that they should ,ap­pear in the WORK~R, I hOpe the edi­tor will kindly give space in the columns of the WORKER for the followlng:;'/',: ..

IN MEMORIAM." Whereas, It has pleased God hi His

infinite wiSdom to take to Himself our friEc'nd and brother, JosephE. Henry; th~rcfore, be It' , ,

Rcsolv€d, ,That In his fleath oUr ,Union hate suffered a loss not readily repaired f<>r '1ils,genisl nature, quick intelligence: and inepl'ORChnble charucter hud made­him a most valued and valuable brother' and be it further " •

Resolved, That while we bow with submission to the decree of the Allwisc Father, it is with the deepest sorrow that we record his death, and it is de­sired that the charter be draped, and the officers wear their badges of mourn­ing for a period of thirty days; and fur-ther be 1t '

ResolT'ed, That a copy of these resolu­tions be sent to the relatives of th~ de­ceased and his dearest friends; and also that tJ:1cy be sprea4 upon the minutes. , ,

H. E. KAIGHN, S, M. WILDER, R. F. METZEL,

, Committee. IN MEl\fORIAl\I.

Whereas, It has pleased Almighty Q()d to remove from our midst another,'bro­ther, Joseph W''Oodworth, a kind 'father and husband; therefore, be it' ,

Resolved, 'I'hat this Union has sufferf!d ' an irreparablc loss in the death of Bro. Wood,vorth, a cordial friend and com­panion. Thou hadst a host of well wishers; and be it further

Resolved, That the ,charter. of this or­ganization be draped in mourning, the officers and members wear their badgea reversed; that· all members Jlttend the memorial service; that a copy of these resoluti~~s be sent to the sorrowing wife and fanuly, and also be spread upon the minute!.' , Brother, thy 'work!::; c'e~, '

Your time of probation run; Your steps are now upon the untrodden

shore. The contest of Immortals begun. To th,e widow: There is an hour of pe.acefuI rest

To mOUl'nlng wanderers given, Tllere is a joy for souls distressed,

,A balm for every wounded breast, "1'is fOllud, above in heaven.

M. O. SPRING, Committee. NOTES.

In reading the account of the electricnl illuminations in the "American Electri­cian," written by Mr. Deaton Bliss, au

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error- aDd- aD oversight are Doticeably conspicuoDs, L e., -·'These suspended llghts were .CODDected ID sections at the laboratories of the Bliss School of.Elec­trlclty, by regular studeDts." UPOD the authority -of Bros.J. K. Vose, John Hoff­acker and Will Beagle, who are regular employes ot1l/l"l'. J"ohnR. Galloway, and who actually did the work OD the afore­B8.1d llghts iD the shop, 1 take this oppor­tunity of correctiDg Mr. Bliss' statement, In wblch he uDdertook to give undue proDilIlence to the school, and'ashe fails to meDtioD the fact that·the work was almost entirely dODe by J¥e~bers of No. 26, It leads those to think who read his article that it might have beeD the Bliss schQol boys who did all the COnstruCtiOD ·,.or-L.. .

The Great Atlantic. and· PacUlc Tea Oo~ were .also decorated by the same members of No. 26, aDd cODtractor JohD R. .Galloway. There were three hundred 8e. p. frosted IDcaDdescent lights put In.a border around the walls aDd iD the ce1ling, with six twelve-light electroUers, DlnmJnatlDg their dODble store as few plaCes were lighted in the city.

AmoDg the· most Doticeable outside 11-lumiBatlons ODe could ~dUy see the taste aDd skill of ODe of, if Dot the most· progressive CoDtra~tor iD the city of WashiDgton •. 1 refer to Bro. JOhD C. Ran. Bro. Rau Is still a staDch No. 26 man, and deserves great credit for his untiring energy; he is s. hustier from thE! word go. You may meet him iD al­JD<lSt any p:irt of the. city OD his .wheel wlth.a,great big R~mkor1r coil (or some other .kotf coD) strapped to. the handle ~. whieh ·he uses to' test ·the work of his meD's·coDstrUctioD. Bro. Rau Dever uses.the lame excuse that his men must have beeD careless, for he examines all the work himself, and knows that. it Is all right befol'e,the meD are allowed to leave a job. Success.to you, Bro. JohD.

I should like' to say "howdy" to the brothers in GalvestoD, especially great bIg .o'Palne," oDly they WOD't know me here. ·M. O. SPRING, Press Sec'y.

UNION NO. ~, 'CLEVELAND, o. We of No. 38 have beeD so busily en­

gaged for the past 30'days that even your humble servaDt has had DO time·to Inform the renders of ·the "Worker" of wha.t is going OD in labor circles In and about ClevelaDd. Thirty days ago we reopened our charter, determined that we would double our membershtp, aDd that we have succeeded is proof thnt If others will go about It In the right way success· Is sure to follow. What the meD in our. craft lack Is complete or­ganizatioD allover the UDited States and Canada. A complete orgaDizatioD in one or two cities Is of little value if .tltf}rp. Is no n.ttempt to organize in other cities, bccnuse :men .are coutlnually changing fi'om ODe city to aDother look­ing for, work. aDd while we might or­ganize Cleyel:lDd to-day, Dext week there might be Itn entirely differeDt class- of men workin~ .bere. while those who have joined the unioD have left for other cit­ies, working' or 100klDg for work. ADd so it must be evideDt.to all·that we must all 'Work to::;ether iD ODe common cause, or the 'Work which ODe local unioD ae­(.'omplishes, be it ever so great in its own city, 'Wil\'aYlliJ little, if others do DOt put. their shoulder to the- wbeel. When we obtained permit ,to open our charter, we made a plt.odge among ourselves that

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THE ELECTRICAL WORKER.

each and every member would br1ng 1n at least on.:o new member. rondo with that object in ,jew we ·started out, :md ale' though some have falled to br1ng in a maD, others have brought in several, some as high as,'slx or sev~n; so upon the average we have been anle, to obtaiD applications eDough to double our memo bershlp. We have DOW sl'l!ured an ex­tensloD of 30 days, and, in the words of old ADdy J, "By the' EtCl'nnl," we pro­pose to double 'em' up again. and, what is posslbie for No. 38 is possible iD ·each and every local union all over this broad laDd.

10 our experieDce' iD buildlDg up our local ·we find three elements with which we have to contend, vi".: Poverty, fear and Indlffe!'en'Ce. When I-speal:: of.pov­erty, I, me:m that, :wbich hnunts a ·man .who depends upon' his labor to supply him with the necessities of life, and is out of a job, When a man hal! only a dollar or· two in··his Docket. aDd is out of work, and not likely to get llDY; he is not likely to 1nve~t his last dollar in a local union wneD;:there is no surety of his' obtnlnlng work .by so doing. It's a good' deal like a man spending his last quarter,for 8. mODey'purse, but a major­ity of these meD are all right wlieD they get to work. They· wliljoin the local and 'be valU9.ble members .. '

The, second class are the men who are afraid··Of losing their j')bs; fear toot when, tbe··compa.ny,. or corpor~tion they work 'for ·find: that· they nre unloD men the~ win be discharged. This ela>3s has to b~ assured of prot-ectlon, wllich (ow­iDg to. the lack, of :organization . nmoDg our craft), we are"unable to give. When there are more noIi.~i1ni.on meD than UD­iOD men, :I. man··fc;els· a little skittish about risking his job !>y joining a union, nnd until we are better orgunized we will ha,'c uphtJIwork 'iD' gettiDg this maD. About the.·i)eSt we cnn do with' this class Is to work them In l/Uietls ODe at a time, and someday, if we do Dot ~"(!t.discour­aged, we wlll be abl~' to get tbl!m all.

The third elass Is: the indifferent indi­vidualrthe man_who has DI)' use for a unloD of any kiD4;.who doesngt realize the fact toot orgaDized . labor has both directly and indirectly beuefitted him in the .past; that whatever degree of pros· perity, "coIti1'ort and privilege 'he now enjoys ih purSUiDg his daHy vocation is due in part, if Dot in' whole, to orgaDlzed labor. It Is with this clasF! of meD we have mostly to <leal~ He isa bard man to get, .bJlt If you wlll talk tohlm iD a reasonllble'·way, and Dot try to impress upon him that you· are his superior iD iDtellect (for many times you are not) ; if you stay', with him, ent with him, liye with. him and' sleep with llim, if neeu. lit:, sooner or' later be.ji! bound' 'to C<lme in. and once he is in. no man,in the local is a better. union man thaD he; Bis vci(~e is heard 10Dg and often, aDd his actions proclaim that he wauts nothing to 110 with nDY­body or any thIn;: thnthas 110t tbe uilion label, and if! pL'lID sight ·of eVer) body.

l.'his is part of our .experience for the past ,mouth. At tlie end of tllis month will let you know how we are 'prosper­-illg'. and iD the mca·ntlUlc would like to hear from some otiler locals. .We don't like to brag. but. we a1·C Dot .. :ifmid to ('hallen~e any 10':";Jl union tn tue couu­try, if we, on the Zld of April, CllUIlOt show a larger gain. Qf new members this ye-ar than any local representell ill the

{April

"Worker," theD I will give a boxot 2b good unioD-made' cIgars to the press see­retary whose local can show the largest gain, providing he will come to .Cleve-laDd to get them. .

On the 5th of April the B. T .. C. ·of ,this city will inaugurate the eight-hour day, and any man who is DOt a UJilon man cannot work UPOD a buildlDg ~pon which men affiliated with the .R T. C. are workiDg. Any eleCtrical worker who is not a UnioD maD must cut bait or fish, and so with every other trade likely to be employed on any building. 'Contract­ors hnve beeD notl1ied, and ev~i"ythlng is ready. That it will be a success' I have Dot n. particle of doubt. We' as a , 10cal'unioD are glviDg them our .. support, and with the right kiDd of management, a working day of teD hours. will bea thiDg of the past.

Most of the brothers are workiDg. Bro. Mills, who was so badly hurt last fall, Is slowly improving. Bro. HerroD, who has beeD sick since January, Is nble to be at'ound, and 1s 100kiDg', quite well. Bro. Thomas, who has beeD in bed tor a week, Is also able to stir around. We are all 100kiDg for old prosperity, aDd have beeD for some time. He Is DOt ,in sight yet. May be he will come, and may be he won't.

THOS; WHEELER,. Press 'Sec'y.

UNION NO. 43, SYRACUSE, N. Y. Since becomiDg a member of No. 43 I

have looked through the WORKER. for a letter from here, but found DODe. At our meetiDg last Dight,. after making in­quiries, I found we had DO Press. Secre­tary, our P. S. having resigned. I was elected to fill the office,'wblch I shall try, to do by letting our brothers of other lo­cals hear from No. 43 eachmon,th.' ,

Our Local is doing Diceiy,llDd we have' all but two or three inside OleD,· and these we will -get, we hope, on next meeting Dlght. We are recognized by the contractors, and hope Ina short time to notify them of our scale, and then the boys will be able to enjoy a fu-ture of 'pros'perity. ' .

Work has DOt -been very abuDdaDt here this winter, but the' boys all look as though no ISDowballs were OD their' bill of fare, and we are in hopes. now that the wonderful Wm. Mac of ,Ohio has takeD the tiller, he will steer the ship to prosperity, start up our Indu~ tries, aDd let the Salt 'CIty' feel the ef· h~ . , I .

We have as President Bro:' Chadwick, and in him we find aD earDest worker; and if some of our boys would foUow his example and teachings we would be assured of as strong a local as the N: B. have. and that's what we are out for, for It is certainly a solemn"'truth tha.t iD uniOD there is strength.

We OOd the plea}Jure of iLtrodiicing'a . closed Circuit to a brother last night, a.nd hope that he will hustle and briDg ID some waDderer, to geteveu.

1 see Bro. Graham of No. 44 is alive, and would also like to ·bear from No. 45. I..et's lIee if we can't be ·heard from each month, and keep posted as to work ID our respective cities.

B. T. DELAFIELD, Press'Sec'y.

UNION NO. 45, BUFFADO, N. Y. OurUnioD. the . gallant No. 45. is fit!ll

in the field and doing considerable. work. The same good spirit predomiDates at each meetiDg. '

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April]

The business outlook tor this city and Vtclnlty is anything but cheerful to the numerous unemployed. If things do not begin to brIghten soon, the much talked ot "spring opening" will be II.othlng but a myth. But cheer up; do not be dis­couraged, . As the calm always precedes the storm, so this dull time may preced~ a· time ot much prosperity.

The BellT~..PboDe..co. of this clt7 bas adopted the "Barrett Selective System." The immediate result wtll be the elim­ination ot the principal inconvenience which could not be av,olded by the party.­line system used previously •.

The system will n~t work 'ltatlsfactor­lly with ,business .-telephones, and so the whore citt will not be benefited by the Improvement.

The incorporatlonota new electric rail­way out of Blitfalo signifies that coDSld­t!rable work Is to be done. The railway will connect Butfalo with East Aurora, Orchard Park, and Hamburg.

,,'- -.J. LODGE, Press Sec'y.

UNION -NO. ~ DAVENPORT, IA. - We are sorry that we have-lost some visiting memI>eri;J,_who have been with us tor some time past, among them Jas. Kane. Now I must stop and tell the brothers about "Dad" Kane, as he 1s called by the boys most famlllar with him. Some of them say "Old Jimmie Xane." and I want you to know that he

. is a "jlmmie-lu\.De" in a Union. How proud we would be to claim him as a member of 52. When he first came here he walked an over our town,.-elty, If you pleas~ooklni: for "where the Union met." -No one could tell him then, for we were like a man without a country. We had no home. Finally be did locate QS,and how he did call us down for not showing our cOlors by wearing "buttons," so that a brother might recognize us, and. as a result I was Instructed to buy some buttonll torthwlth, thirteen being asked for at once. -We deal in thirteelis; started with thirteen members on the thirteenth day of the month. To say that Bro. Kane was pleased, 18 only putting it lightly. He 4s--a Unf6B -nlan to the core, ana "No.--67, o~ Quincy, may well be proud of him. We parted with him with regrets, and we want him to ]mow that we shall not torget him in a short tlme, nor the talk be gave-us at one or two of our meetings, for he never failed to say something for the good of the Union. Bro. J. C. Woods and Bro. Frank Matten. also of No. 67, were quite often in our viCinity. Now that they are gone we begin to realize that we miss them, and can only &1.y "God speed; It you ever come our way again you are sure of Il, hearty welcome, and you can have the best there is In the honse.~~, .. When .. w" ga ve our dance in February, the boys all turned out-Bro. Kane and ail-p.ntl helped us out In more ways than simply enjoying themselves, and No. 52 did not so much as tender them a vote of thanks. But we meant aU right. We were a little "green" you know-thinking of March 17th-but we Iilolemnly promise to do bette'r next time. ,

We'are In the midst of another politl­(,'111 war-a. city· election this tlme:--aud it is labor and citizens against a poUtlcal ring, wbkh has run the city for many years. and if the future Is to be judged hy the p3!!t, woe \:nto tho workingman

THE ELEC'I'RICAI, WORKER.

If the riIlJ. runs the clty D)any mo~ yenrs; -OUl-"City fathers can go out of office restillg! assured that their names w1ll go d,o}Vu Jo posj:erity viR,. the "Cfty_ Hall Cfub""route: _ I'wlU add'fiere tilat'. said rout~needsIlo ll-dvertf!'<!ng at this . time, for we are all acquainted with It. Our city fathers may well be proud of their -accomplishments, and what they, have dane -for tbe -"poor working nian." I'll only mention one thing ::.nd that is that twenty-five year contracts for street lighting, the Iron-clad contract, and also, that Iron-clad ordinance some long-haired gentlemen (never), were re­quired to' sign; and ,hOW did-you, city fathers, make those gentlemen live up to said ordinance and contracts. We would like to have 89mc one to show us some of the latest Improved ma~hinery, lamps, etc., that were put in for light­ing our streets. Where are those beauti­ful poles and all the "new hard drawn No.6 wire" that was to be put up? How many of the old lamps that were up have been replaced with the "newest improved kind" that were so much talked of one year ago? Don't mention It; you might make some one feel sore. How many of those Dice new machines are running to-night, with those "pat­ent" regulators on? Maybe they have a patent on their regulator, but he Is pretty cheap at $6.00 a week, if., I am not mistaken. We would Uke to know where they got their _ permiSSion to put up three miserable, old, rotten, worn­out No. 12 and 14 wires, twisted togeth­er and hung on brackets, where we were supposed to have nice new No. 6 hard drawn. and put up hi a workmanship manner. I challengeclther a city officer or a member of the :"gll.llg" who have the contract, to show me any of their work that comes up to, the specifications.

We would like to ask some member of . the City Councli why the city was not, Ilald those heavy p~nalties and fines that a.re due them. Why those braggarts were not made to live up to their con­tract? Gentlemen, there is filth some, where, and when It Is unearthed an aw­ful stench will go up to the sky. It may be uncovered. 'Why was not the poor working man

In it as promised before election? Is ten cents an hour or ninety' cents for nine hours in it? and they discharge a man at noon and pay him 45 cents after working five hours, beating the "poor working man" out of a miserable nlckle. So that is what some people call "a bene­fit." I have another name. It is worse than the sneak thief who steals into your house and robs you of whatever he can find.

There is much more that we would like to know, but space will not permit men-' tivning everything. Why Is It tbat these "Kind, large-hearted gentlemen," who w(;re going to do so much for the city and the "pOOr w.erk-ing man" want noth­ing to do with ,Unions or Union men. Is it because one dollar and fifty cents a day will not satisfy a Union lineman that you are afraid of Union men? That is the reason pure and simple, you mis­erable hyenas. You are more to be de­spised than the sneaking jackals that snarl and fight over the carcass of a

,delld bull. You shoulti /)~ da8sed with vultures and buzzards. You t::tkc advan­

. tllge of starving humanity to serve your purposes. You make atheists of Chris­tians and anarchists oJ: good citizens.

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You may think I am bitter, brothers, bolt we have just cause to be bItter. You wil! hear from me again.

J. H. CLARK, Press Secretary.

UNION NO. 56, ERIE, PA. . We are just a Dew electrical Union,

starting in with twenty-one of the boys who are never afl1lld ·of danger. -We expect to get In several-more at our next meeting.

The following clipping Is from one of Erie's Sunday papers: -"

ELECTRICAL WORKERS' UNION. An enthusiastic meeting of electriCians.

was held at Clga:rmakers' Hail on' Wednesdayeve.ning. Presldent'Gilmore occupied the chair. There being many new faces present, the Chair asked the Organizer to make a tew remarks on trades unionism, which he cheerfully complied with. Five electricfans signed. their names to become members- of the • union. Additional officers were elected, and the whole set Is: '

President-E: F. Gilmore. Vice President-Wm.·Crane. Flnanciai Secretary-J. P. Hanlon. Recording and Press Secretary-E. T.

IndermiIL ' Inspector-Thomas Hart. Treasurer-Carl Brainerd. Foreman-J; F. St. Clair. Trustees-L. E. Carson "(18 months),

Albert BarCia (12 months), P. JaCobs (6 months). -

It was moved and carried that the charter be kept open for 30 days, until April 17. After this date the initiation fce will be $5. The Organizer was In­structed to secure the charter from the' Brotherhood of Electrical Workers at once. Th"! next regUlar meeting wfll be held on Wednesday, March '31, at Cigal'­ruakerS"Hall, 820 State street. -

E. T. I., Press'Sec'y. '_

UNION NO. 61, LOS ANGELES, CAL. We were one and all at our last regu­

lar meeting admonished to attend the next meeting fully prepared with Ideas ). and suggestions on the best method>! to adopt In case an unfortunate lineman is suddenly caught-by a live wire. 'I.'hls J . thought or fdea was proposed by Bro. lVoodls, who, by the way, always has on hand bome good Ideas. ThIs subject should greatly interest every man fol­lowing the electrical business for a live­lihood, for not a single day passes but that some poor unto.1:unate electrical worker Is killed or mahned for life, and in many cnses this could be avoided no doubt, If we had at hand some practical idea.. Let us hear from all on thia sub­ject.

I do not know that I can report any great Improvement In the eJectrical bus­iuess. However, there is bping done eon­slderublework in our city. C. J. Cor­coran, assistant superintendent of :con­struction for the Phone, left- for San Diego a few days ago with a body guard I)f fifteenmCIl. Each ;;1l:lrd received $40.00 per month and rations. The man who does not know n pair of connt'ctQrII from u_ pair of forceps, nol" ;~ pair of climbers from an Oregon boot, receives the same pay as a practical lineman. I would advise all who consider them­selves tradesmen to remain at home.

The City Council has just passed an oJ"dinace, not to allow telephone. telc­~raph aud electric light comp::.nies to plaut any more poles In the conduit dis-

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trict, and further that all. poles in sald district 'must tall to the earth before the end of this year.

. C. P. LOFTHOUSE, Press Secretary.

. UNION NO. 65, BUTTE, MONT. Our .,unJools -«tiding 8J.ong very

moothJy.. We are taking in new mem­bers every meeting. We have forty-one tights on the circuit now and more com­Ing.There are generally about 25 mem­bers present every meeting, which shows that our members take an inter­est in the Union. Twenty-five is a good deal but there ls DOthfrig to keep any one from attending, 8.8 we meet on Sun­day evening. Of course, those that wlshAo gO to church can be excused. I

. don't'~tb1nk· .. w~ would, miss them. '. A 101 Of the brOthe~ are complaining

about not getting tlleir papers. I wonder • who is to blame? Did the G. S. not get

their pro~ 'address? We elected a new president last meet­

ing 1n ytlace of Bro. Vic Poissant, who resigned, as he expected to be out of town a good deal. There were three nominations, Bros. Dutton, Talbott and yours truly. Bro. Talbott· wanted to withdraw in Bro. Dutton's fa~or; Bro. Dutton wanted to withdraw in my fa­vor, and I wanted to withdraw in favor of. anyone; but the boys would not have It that way, 80 they run us all, and it w8Sa:inerTY war while it lasted. I would have been President but I did not get enough votes. Bro. Talbott was like me; ht{'lacked s!)me votes, too; and the rea­son Bro. Dotton:beat us.was because he bad the votes we needed. There was no jealouSy. We all want to see the best men in tbe best places. Either Bros. Tal­bott or DultaD would fill tbe chair with credit, but only one could be elected, 0»4 Bro. Dutton' took the chair with all the dignity of an officer; and the gavel will bave the respect due.it. I have often thought that the gavel' should be a stliftedclub, and am going to make a motion to that effect. Then, perhaps, Bro •. Ellfflick will behave 'and sit down w.hen.he Is told.' J"ust because I .called him to order, and the President sus­tained m~ be tbreatened to get even; I gUess he forgot that '1 was a newspaper reporter, and as the pen is mightier than the sword I am going to use my might. I gUess I can roast him if I want to. You hnd better make up, Fred, or I will tell wbere I saw you D?t long ago.

Bro. Harry La;;ne met with a bad ac­cident. Be -00; dS going upa ladder wIth a converf,:~' on his shoulder, when the ladder .-.lipped and be fell to the ground and. -:.ile converter. fell on one of his fin-

-gers and cut it off between the end of the nail and first jOint. He'is all right againaud wort:ing. Bro: Toole came near losing his U!e last· month. Bro.

, Layne and. Toole wa--t! {"~ving sn ~ power clrcuitthilt crossed a railway track. Tbey just bad the wire down wben a switcb engine came along.--- The boys tried to have the engineer stop, but he did not bear them an:! kept right on and caugbt tbe wire, and the wire caught Bro. Toole and took him over a dump thirty. feet hl/:h, and then dragged him about" fifty yards over a very rough, rocky road. He was bruised consider-

. ably about tbe body, but his worst in­jury was a long cut over the forehead, whicb ext£:nded baU way llt"btlUd his bead. .Be Willi taken to Murro:y and

.THE ELECTRICAL WORKER.

Freund" HospItal, Q.lld we ar£: glad to fla.y be Is out again; a little disfigured, but still In tlie ring: Bro. Layne. says his he!!.d Is. h-oD. lJro.- 'l'oole Is. in good standing SDil will be taken' care· of by the boyg until h~ is ~en?-gaiD. : Evemhuig i~-.. going ~UlJg nicely in Anaconda, and 'we . are gkid t.) hear of some (if. th.e bOytfgetting iiiong so well. They a:'e working .~bout full time over there. . ..... . :.: , _ ,

We would like to' see Mike Sul11van and.~:Del\1e1"s liud some more of the b(\~amcs on our Union l·oi1. 'We all know .. .y~>u are wIth us heart and .hand, n~}"er&eless we.do hate to sel! a good Ui;ljon"Bt'other pay'a big fine for a small offense. It seems that Bro. -CUnton was moy-in;; a. fir~ ala1;ril box when the Chief of tbeAnacondn.. ~'ire DepllrtD,lent came along and put lii~._no~e into it, without Bro. Clinton's ci)]~s¢nt, and the. result wa~, he ·got it. I)()ked, and it. he don't leave Bro. Clinton . alone be will get it 'poked again', eve~ tbough it should cost ~100.00 every tillie._ .'.

Bro. Vic Poissant just. returned from Virginia.. Clty, ?t{o.>nt., wheN be was do­ingsome work fot: the R~by Telepbone Co. We were aU glad to see his smiling rac~ uil.:it v.ur Utst: meeting.: .

I was 'n'ot feeling '.very well last month so r did Dot writti)mytbing to the Work­er. TJie boys say. I had a dose of the limps. I don't. .k_Dow what. tbey meant as J.' never notic~ I limped mut'h.

We have ~ grnn.dtoUl! of fOl'ty-one. I think aPout :mty;;.fi,,"e wtll be our limit, as. we ha~e tbat.much insight; I am plensed,·to' say"that t. ... ~ .. ~iy member Is deeply interested;-and Union No. 65 has a veJ;:y.;t>l·l~at futtJ,rc hi view.·

·-rnF)O. K~SSLER AI1.'KEN, ..... ' .. ,.' i'ress-Ser.retary.

UiiOIN NO. 67. QtlINo~.ILr~ .. I. niB :l. Uttle Jute this time; but will

wtite '}usta few 'lInes, for if- I don't the bols of 61 wlll.·t.te after 'my scalp In short order. " ... ' .

.Good "~alth, DO· accidents, and all busy, is about-the best report I. can make. Bro. Ed.:.FJaberty is sick at Bot St>rifl*" .·A-rk., -with the la. grippe and inflammatory rheu.matism.

Bro. Wagner has just finIshed wiring St. Boniface Church and. school; about torce hundred lights. He was' ably as­sisted by Bro .• Joe Weinlloff.

'Yell, ;we are -having plenty of rain be~ at . present; .. ap.d we enjoy it, of course. ,.... .

Work is not as .plentiC-uJ. as we expect­ed at this season of the year. Our boys ha"\"e just .enough .. to keep thera.out of devilment, but need DO extra. help.

As I am lnte, ··and this.heing .the first of Aprii, and ne~s s~orc{>, I wlU make this lelt~r short, ,and then I !lave taken :t good desl of -space iu-an!)tl.ler letter

. thts morath, ;:10 I tlii" you <111 atll",11 for the pl"eseJlt •. hopIng 'W6 wlll all have. more prosperity. next '~onth to. report.

.. , ,·0 .. R. l\{cNElIEE, . . Pres~. Sl;!Cretary.

USJON,NO. 68. i:ITT!,K ROCK, ARK. I am not the Correspondlng Sccretary,

but baq~ been Il11I)o)int{,d to fussi!'!t In get-. ti-og sometbing'!n lbe"WQrkcr" this month, ~ut 1; sp.e thit our Corhisponding Recretury !.lns D(\~ tnad'e an~' .r.fforl to do . llnything. I will, therefor.e; bave to go it alone. '. ...... .

Hello, Union No; ('.8> JAttle. r.ock. Ark. 'l'hr.re are brothers who said No. 68 was·

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. dead, but whoever .said 80 made"a big mistake, for No .. 68 is dOingberter .. now than she ever did, since ~e ha:v:e,·g()~ rid of a few who came into the Union to beat what few honest men' :,,,e' ·ha.d out.· cf their hard earnings. But~ thank God, we are rid of them, and are g~tt1ngAlong all O. K. We have. a dollar or hv.o in the treasury, and tliere is no danger .. of anyone stealing it from~. .

Well,_ brothers, I ·want. to say.to some who were in Little Rock wben No. 68 first started, that the new telep)lone company's men were 'always right to the front in the Union, but for the·last year it would be quite a' treat to: see one of them in tbe Union; but I think the Un­ion can get along without them better' thun it could with them. T-hat is all I have to say about the new compnny' Gr the Little-.Rock 1:elepbone Co., as tliey caUit. . .

Well, Brothers, as for the work in Lit~ tie Rock, tbere is nothing mucli f)oing at present, but I think there will be some work on toll lines this summer, for I un­derstand they Intend to ·extend their lines to Fort Smith, Ark., and to Cl:u-ks­ville, Tex., and the Postal is also build-ing some lines in this Statt!. .. '.

J. M. MAT't-oX ..

UNIO~ NO. 69, DALL.\e, TEX. Once agalu we come beiore you to glvt>

what little news we have collected in the past month, and I assure you we have not been overworked in the least, but we look for some work to be dOlle' here in the near future by the rostal Co. '.rhere ha~e been several car ·loa,ls o! poles distributed out from Dallas, Rnd· some 25 cars yet to be 'received here. So from all indications· now-' at hand .. there will be six or seven gangs' set to work in a. very short time..·, '

Bro. Charley Hatt, of No.9, -Chicago, and Bro. Ed. Cannon, of ~o. i5, Grand Rapids, are with us, Rnd we more than welcome the brotbers to No.' 69." Bro. Hatt told us some of the .conditions that existed In Chicago and other cities, and If true, nnd we cannot doubt "them, we are very grateful that we are in Texa·s. Although we thought we were in'a very bad condition,' yet people tell-us Te~=as is in a far better conditionto-day than any otber State in tbe Union: They say we must wait for that tarlO:' bill;' nit.

CHAS. TROTTER, . Press 'Secretary.

UNION NO. 71, GALVESTON, TEX. Since depositing my card "'ith No. 71

I have been elected Press Secretary, mid will endeavor to fulfill my duty as 8uch.

Work here Is not very rush:ns at pres­ent, although I believe all of our mein­bers are employed now.

At tbe last election of officers we de­cided tbat we h~.d t!. very good set .of officers, so they were aU ~lected, With the exception o~ Vice President,' ~;ho was absent from the. meeting, so Bro . Williamson was elected to fill that of­fice .. We turned the:X~rays,on one new member at our last meeting, and have lmother one to take in at 011r next me-Ct­ing. Keep the !rood work up. .

The Santn Fe R. R. are building a new union depot here, an4 that will proba.bly git'e employment to several of our hovs in a few months, if tliings sliould.·sinek down in the meantime. . .

Bro. Ellison sprung something new on us at the last mceing in the form -of a

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question box, and there were some cork· ers In It, too. -

I am sorry -to see the trouble that has sprung up between No. 71 and members of No. 66, and 1 for one think that the

. best way to settle the whole affair would be to refer the matter to the Executive Board aIid'let them 'lp.ttle It, as it would not. be faIr to trY members who are not" here now, and who would be unable to att~nd a -trIm· kere,ulthough the-.charges­preterredagainst them by No. 71 are un­doubtedly true. But still 1 thIn.k that No. 71 acted rather hastlly in drawing up the resolutions they did for publica­tIon, as the. charges should .. not have been. publlshed until after t~ case J.1nd been trIed,' accordIng to' the constitu-tion. .' . . It any of tbe brothers should meet up

wltb a man by the name of: Charles R .. Pengilly, just please bear in mind a few of the following facts: . He came to Gal­veston some time in October of 1896, as far as I can learn, and made out an ap­plication to joIn No. 71, but as work was not steady; he asked for time to pay the Initiation fee, as he said he·had a 'family and was vei'y hard up. So he was given a pel"mit to work, and his appllc~tlon was to be held until such time as he could pay up. Well, things ron along until about the 1st of Febru­ary. In the meantime a contract for a new ·grain elevator had been let, and work bad beguIi,on It~ but the contract­ors refused to recognize -Union labor, so tbe job was scabbed by the B. T. C. No. 71: was Informed that. an electrIcal work­er·was at work on the. job, and upon in­vestigating the . case, It was found that thIs man Pengilly WaS 'at work puttinl; up arc llghts for them.· After the brotbers bere had tried to help him in every way . possible, he deliberately turned around Uild scabbed on us, and I am sure that if a man would scab in one. town he would in another, and I think that it should be the duty of every

. brotheJ.1 to watch out for such men, and blackllst them wherever they are met ..

What is the matter with No. 60? Wake up and appoint a Press Secretary, and let·us bear from you occasionally.

·1 almost forgot to mention another vi!!­itor we had. .His name was F. ~. Sheri­dan, who was also given a permit to work, and afterwards It was learned that he bad been expelled or suspended from No. 26. We got to questionlug him pretty closely, and he smelt a mouse, for ·.he had to leave town yery suddenly, but none too soon, as there was a detective on his trail, and not ,"ery far bebind, either ..

. W. :rtf. GRAaAM, Press Sec'y.

UNION NO. 75, GRAND RAPIDS, !lIICH.

. We held a rou!'Ofn~ meeting last nigoht. and adtled three lights to the circuit and Inspected five others. "Te made sOUle changes in officers since our last repm't. Bro .. Joel Aldrich, fOl'emllu of the city ~rm alarm. reSigned the presidency to accept the office of treasurer. Bro. D. B, McIntyre, foreman of street railroad linemen, our former press secretary, was elected preSident, lind the office of press secretary, which lie so ably filled, will hereafter suffer at the handll of the un­dersigned. Owen J!'reman of the Citi­zen's Telephone 00 .• will record I)ur up­risings and down-sittings In ·the capac­Ity of recording secretary.

TIlE ELECTIUCAL WORKER.

Nearly all of the boys are at work. Both the. -Citlzen'_s Rnd Bell. Telephone compani~ -ui:-e buildjng·a lhip. to Cadil­Inc, nnd; it is rumf)"t~d that the Detroit and Griiild nilp1ds Citizen's"" ·0'6; .. 'will' soon buUd a conDectlng lIDe, and the tel­ephone war wages merrily ..

Accidents, sickness, joys and sorrows are meted out to us fiS Providence sees tit. Bro. Freeman Gunnel of Powers' Electric-Light and··PowerCo., while wir­ing a hotel, stepped into the elevator shaft. Down comes the elevator. "Stop!" shouts FreemaD, and the elevator maD stopped, but not until he had badly dam­aged our brother-euough to lay- him up for several days. n· would' be better to shout before you go into an elevator shaft.

Bro. McIntyre's wife has been" very sick in the hospital.

Bros. Ruck and Hicks nre rejoicing and. crowing over some of us, because they lIave lately become the proud fath­ers of baby daughters.

As practice makes perfect, I hope to write a more interesting epistle next time; though ID my· wildest fancies I never expect to completely fill the place all nobly as did Bro. McIntyre. The no­blest words. of tongue or pen nre "o'y, tl'y again," aDd I wlll try again Dext nloDth. C. EUGENE POST,

- Press Sec'y. ------

UNION NO. 78, SAGINAW; MICH. Union No. 78 has moved into new and

commodious quarters as has also tnil lJentl'31 Labor Union of this city.. The union Is ill good shape, and the boys are· as contented as can be expected during these stringent times.

Bros. Niven and Stral~han are not at all slow in the world, in corroboration ",hel'eof 1 present the following take ... from the "Saginaw E\'eniug News:" AN INYENTION BY SAGINAW

YOUNG MEN WHICH PROMISES MUCH FOlt 'I.'lIEM. .

S('rt!wed to the wall in the rear of the office of the Swift Electric Light com­pany has bcen until this aftel'J;lOoD a sort of il"On box, arrangt!lUent DOt unlike on the outside to a COlllIllOll meter for meas­uring gas, watel' 0" electricity. This thing has been hanging there for three weeks. It· is the' Invention of John Str-uchan, all electrician at the works, aud James Niven, the bookkeeper, and meter man of the company. The only place on the outside where the box dlf­fprs from a. common meter is that there is a hole on the top whei'e money or IlDY­thing else cun be deposited. This affair is a successful quarter in t'he slot ma­chine for cellecting lightiDg bills in ad­vance.

When the cover is off a number of electric magnets are exposed and II. net­work of wMug, which is a. puzzle to any llf"rson not an expert In such mattp1'S. 'I.'here is also a piece of clock work, which wus in reality taken from a clock. This with a regulation meter ~~mpletell the arrangement. "'hen a quarter is placed In the slot, the width of the coin on reaching the proper plllce causes cer­tilin contacts to be madE', whlcb actuate electrIc ma::rnets, filld these in turn re­lease the wheels in the clockwork which automatically set the' lock on the meter so that when 5() amperes of current have passed through It the curent will be shut uff until the operation Is repeated. 'l.'he

"machine lms heen tested in e,"ery way. dm'ing the time whicb it has .been on the

13

(lflice wall and it has beeD found Impos­Sible to bE'at it. It Isimposslhle to set the clock work going with a wire or any­thIng which is Dot exactly th2 size of a quarter and an electdc' ·u,r..6net will draw anyth;ng t!lat· clOn 1'e m:>e'lP.tize<J out of tlip plot. It· ls th~ ox:!y .ma-:tine of its kina in the NUlltry r.nj, slecu:c­ians generally, ,.he. LC,"C seen tt h'lve nothing but words 0>: Im~isc too: tea in­ventors. GEO. 5. CRa?EU, i're£s .Secy.

KIND WORDS FROM A "SISThiR." Editor Electrical Worker:

Please may I say just one word to our friends through your most valuable let­ter JOUl'ual? In the ~anunry number I saw an iIl'litatlon to the sisters. Sister meaDS me, too., .

. . I am very proud that: my husband .s a N. B. E. "r. man, and.1 think the'''Elec­trical 'Vorker" a most inte.restin,g paper.

I wonder how many of my Sisters say and think a lineman the wlckedest man in tllis world? How many stop to think that tbis man's soul is as precious as ours, and though he's nmong stranger:s, ltc's some ODe's -darling, some' mother's boy. Hemember, dear ones, that we cun­not judge n. multitude by one man's mis­deeds. Let llS always remember that God, DOt we, kDows the etring· one's heart. Let .us, then, pray 'for God's love and streI;igth to guide us in our love and judgmeDt of othel's. I.et us be kind and true to them an,d, believe me, d.ear ones, you will find in them true and hon. est men. Do' not shun them and slight thcm, for then you only send them.a. step further down .. the ladder. of ruin. Hemember that Olll' loved ones nre not always by our sides. What mother, what wife, would not thank us for n. lit­tle kindness gll'en loved oncs while' away from their sides. I, for-one, judge others by myself. '.

Do ,not; gl,"e meD the Idea that they mllst have a Indies' division to their un­ions. Leave tllem to manage their own unioD affairs, for if we, always cllrry a child, he'll Deyer walk. Then when strikes nre on you and I can protect our little home from being destroyed by th~· nOll-unionist. We caD then train our little ones to n life of \Jsetulness. thatwm speaK more to the world of 'wOmeD's . greatness than all the auxiliaries in the universe. .

I am a true u'lend to the union runn, especIally to hIs lo\'ed ones. ··God bless you, my friends, and warm our hearts toward all mankind, wh.ether. be be un­Ion or Don-union.' All haye' souls to save and a right 10 Uve, and by the love of union and union sympathies all wish to be union men. When the nOD-union man sees the love and harmony iu wll1.::11 the union mnn lives, he, too, "HI become a union man. Let your light so shine that its rays may faU upon tile darkest coruers of non-unionism. Leave not ·the smallest or largest tasks undone. Lay. not your armor dOWD until everyone is ill the union'-one mighty body. Yours in faith, hope lind charity. .

BEaTRICE. Graurl naplds, Mich.

THROUGH ENGLISH EYES.

I·'h·st Impressions of the First l\Ieeting AtteDded.in America.

It is pleasant to turn from revolution­:Iry violence and the frenzy of the Social-

14

1st to the mild methods of the Reformer; to hear moderate men discuss moderate measures as they strive to put in prac­tice, one '!tell at 8 time, the sweeping and salut::. .. y cbl.nges about whIch, the

_. «lJ:tn-mllilt. thu!Jders ~!iJ the terror of. ~.: bi'J tn.;k .aefeats its OWl. ends by paralyz-.. : ,tng .af:ticn. _

R. w1}J :be 8 ~at da.V tor the world wheil.: rill; so!Jer tillilitin~ men in every counfrl"< tnke'·1n· hUlld me mighty prolr lems of this mighty age. The sooner It 'Is done the better, for we must all recognize that unless such questions as the relation between capital and labor be faced and' solved, the :.diseases of our time will have' gathered such growth as shnil defy the skilled physician, and eV.en .lmftle the sterner sUl~geon. E~II; Is:-keenly ·alive to these immi- .

Dent dugers. and ne'~er feels the gall of ber fetters of tradition more severely tban when striving to bring the classes and masses to unite for the salvation of their country. It was my privilege, as 8 stranger and

a pilgrim, to attend tbe weekly meeting of the New York Social Reform Club, and the contrast I witnessed there bas left upon me an impression most vivid and encouraging. .

In the Old Country I have listened to the lofty theories of the Fabian Society, and heard the wild vaporings of the per­ipatetic SoCialist, I have .read the care­ful arguments of philosopber~ and skim­med the etTatie pages of the ligbter So­('iaiiet literatUre. 1.'he. one ends in im­pl'lletlcablUty; the other in revolution, and froin each and all one turns with a lIigb. to .wish toot Englaud were Utopia.

.Bt:.t here before me in New York was something between the two;' something

. which not only may be; but undoubtedly Is, the beginning. ot the true movement tOWDrd that' ideal state which Sir Thom­as More ·could only locate in No l\1an's Land.·· ..••

For the first time in my l~fe I saw the true spirit of Democracy. I have seen titled ladles at an . East London Bazaar, and' the country fa:nilies at a village concert. I have witnessed the frantic stl uggtes "Of 1l CTiltured candidate 'for Parliamentary honors in the uncongepial atmosphere of a country inn, and the awkwa·rdness of· a Radical Peer at a· so­called Democratic Club. They descend­~ but to be exalted. The friendly hand is the hand of condescensic:m, and the re­turn greeting fs made humbler by grati-tude. .

But here was a leader among men­a man of birth, culture and refinement, literally recei,ed and treated as an equal by. a miscellaneous gathering, and in tum speaking, acting, working as an equal.

The unpretentious room was· crowded .to exceFF.I with all sections of the com­munity. Nothing divided Dives from . Lazarus. There was no platform, even for the speaker! Workmen and stu­dents, profession and trade side by side, and in turn speaking, acting and work­Ing as an equal. It may seem 8 common thing to Amer­

icans, but to one born and lived in the traditions of English class distinctions, it was a strange Sight, and a. great one.

First I listened to fl. clenr nnd culturerl account of recent police legislation from Mr. Theodore Roosevelt, with a ie\v gen­eral remarks ou his sympathy with the alms and. efforts ot the club.

THE ELECTRICAL WORKER.

Theu arose Mr. Op!,euneimcl", a Ger­mun Socif<l th.:nker ~f a prououn<!ed type, tn offer criticism. He did not shrink fl'Olll attack.ing so po"'erflll a. man.

Tl.i.ere: was no del'erence to superior tl"3ining or higher commE:rcial rank. He wasnot e\'en pollt,e! He just said what he thought, nnd the alldience l!ppl:lUded or·disseTlt~· at its own tlWf<et wilL

An . Engliih ruinistl'.r under spcb cir­cumstances,_might l!:lye girded up his l(\in8 nnd fied the· scene. Tile ofi'ender might ruive heen expelled vi etarmls, or, with infillite' contempt, he mlght have been urged :to gQ. on, and the v~ry dis­courtesy of his speech would have ren­dered a: repiy from regions so lofty un­necesf'llry.

Not so Mr. Roosevelt. He took Mr. Oppenheimer seriously, nnd .. the ,sting of his'strictures seemed oIlly to spur him to ~eal~lly actioll;'))elighted, I listened 'to .8 . master piece ,of cynical repartee. Not the mel'e smartness of the practised speaker,· but satire used to emphasize facts,wlii(;h, like.rope coated with wire, prOVed' so su·onga. combination: tilet the voice ofdisseut was.stltied. and the grat­ified assembly· swar~"d a'roun{l to con­gratulate the orator, .and thank tbe talth­{uland fearless public servant. . . And here, at the close of the meeting, was the" scene most singuiar of all to English eyes. The general introductions, hearty 'hanll sh!tkes, free cOll,'erslltion, honest ··ct'iticlsm: and" e;arnE.'st desire to leurnand·'know. .

I left, those modest rooms convinced, at length, of' two things. First, that IJlutocracY In America has not Yet wholly mk{::il the p!ace. of aristocracy In Eng­land. Second, that if social reforms are to come, here is such u practical, begin­ningas shall commend itself to·the mod­erate reformel', ·-the true patriot and the sincere philauthrupi·st.· . - .; .

.. ; '. );'RANCIS H. 'l'ABOR, ., Of Christ's' C,ollege, Cambridge.

. A GOOD BOOK TO RE·AD. "Progress and' Poverty," by Henry

George, has, perhaps, the largest circu­lation of any work of thIs class 01. liter­ature, and meritedly too. EV'.eIi-!!proposi­tion.advanced is clearly stated, free from sophistry. Tbe palpable and tangi­ble truth Is so evidently revealed, that one' wonders,'1ifter a careful reading, that in tbis age of IJrogress and reform the nnturallaw .of economical govern­ment it advocates is not more prevalent, notwithstanding the abnorml'.l greed for pelf. It points out clearly bt:yond :i pos­sibility of a doubt that'lt would destroy this unnatural thirst for gold by 8 sys­tem of impartial and equable laws economically ma.intalned, and thuS" klll tbe need of a ctltch·as:.e3.tch-canpolicy, reg .. rdles~ of results to future genera­tlon!;1. That thp.r~ 18 sf)ml!tblng radica.lly wrong .in our s);stemof gover.nment, can no longer remain a matter of doubt in any caudid render's mind, rIch 01" P09r. Tile only solution possible ts> a ric!! man's indifferl;'nce to such a roellsure of t.'Quity liS this invaluahle book :1dTocates, is that he mu!!t enjoy seeing 1Ii~ fellow b~ ings suffer ib. want :md lllisery, since it would not caUSe him to iose any of his ill gotten gains, but rather increas;e them lel!itimately. The poor men -Who) reads th~ WGrk and fails to pass itOH .to Lis be­nh-:-hted nei;:hbor, :'.!ld tl:lUshelp to for­lDulate zn intcllhdblc' d.em:md ·for what 'he i1'l justly entitled' to, must love his

[April

~K & L AU-Leather I - .• • SusPllnder. . Self· • we'; forever. ~ I . Adju:tlnr W III not pullbattoni. '.

. SOLDbymaU. Send50Cts. ~ Address. The K. & L..

. - . Mfg.Co .• lndla.~o"',Jow. ........ T ...... 0 .0", 200,000 PAIRS ALREADY IN USS;

When you see the sampl& you'll wr.nt It evcry week. We eau fiU orders

for any eJectr:ca1 book pub. . Ushed, on receIpt of price. Sen~ for catalog.

-.--

penurious misery and Is 8 cringlngslave • On the wbole no book is more Interest­Ing and more pregnant with fact!!!. Read It and judge for yourself, reader, whetb-

. er or not this opinion Is extravagant. Commenting on this class of llteratum

brings to mind a nov.el written by -Cow­drey, .~ !tJ:amp .tl1 ~." Y.ou w.ul­find it advertised In tbe February num~ ber of the Worker. The fundamental idea Is much of the same character. as that which permeates Edward Belliuny's "Looking Backward." Anyone who has read this book will not fall to tell you that there are few more interesting novels. But "A Tramp in Society" 1B more up·to-date and less chimerical; the possibility of the 'soclal conditlonlt pro­pounds Is more feasible and In accord­ance with real reform. The plot is inter. estingly treated, and shows what one man can do when driven to the wall by the hard conditions of mmrers. ·where we nearly all find ourselvesto,.day, and it is ther!!fore more interesting on that a~·· count. Read it. and see bow it compares with your conditioD. H. M.,'

A Member of No.1.

The Committee on. Organized Labor ot -the Social Reform Club, New York, ot· fers a prize of ten dollars ($10) for the best article on the Union Label. . The article must not contain over 1600wordll;. and should be written on one side of the' paper' only. It must be handed in be­fore l\Iay 15, 1897. The author's name

'must not be upon -the article, which' should be -sIgned wltha nom de plUMe.

{ ! I I

t r I I , J

I I I I,

April]

Directory of Local Unions. (Secretaries will please furnish the necessary iu- .

formation to make this directory complete. Note that the ti ..... and place of meeting, the name of the President, the names Ilnd add.· .. ss .. s of the Record­inC and Financial S.ecretaries are reqnired.)

. No.1. St. !,ouls, Mo.-Meets every Tue~dayat •. e. cor. 21st,and Frankliu avenue. iii. 1.. Durkin, Pres., 222J Wash st.: .1.. H. DaKgett, ~. S., lZZO St. Ange av.; J. P. Casey, F. S., 2m2 Spnnc avo

No. 2, JIIilwa~kee, Wis.-Meets every Friday at 31&state &t. OW. A.: GerRrdeu, Pres., 457 Bromiway; Chll8.. Herman, R. S.,I8>5 Walnut st.; Joe Hams, F. S .. +IS Russell ave.

No.3, Denver. Col.-E. I.. Lavue, Pres., 1011 19th st.; Geo. P. Manning,·Sec., 1611 Lawrence sL

No •• , New Orleans, La.-J\'[eets 1st and 3d Tuesdays at Carondelet and Perdido sts. J. Mc­Gregor, Pres., 2m Ronsseau st.; C. M. Hale, R. S., faD St. Mary st.; R. B. Joyce. F. S .. 311 S. Bassin st.

No.5, Pittsburg; Pa • ...:.T. K. Beviaigton, Pres. 19 Race st., Allegheny: H.·McGregor, R. S., Nesbit & AlIequlppa st&.; . Y. Bevington, F. 5., S6Z1 Margretta st. .

No.6, SaD Francisco, CaI.-Meets 2nd and 4th Wednesdays at Forester's Hall, 20 Eddy st. A. C. Johnson, Pres" ZZ6 Turk st.; J. J. Cameron, It.S .. lSlOM~ssionst; J. R. FOlton;F.S.,428Gearv st.

No. 'I, Springfield, Mass.-Meets every Wednesday at room 14, Barnes Blk. Wm. Gregg, Pres., 1117 Bancroff st.; T. H. Bowen, R. S., Z6 Hub­bard av.; Jos. McGilvray, F. S., 34 Gray avo

No.8. Toledo, 0.- JIIeets every Tuesday at Friendship Hali, cor, Jefferson and Summit ats. P. Crowley, Pres •. IWlW. I.afayette st.; E. McGinn, R. s., Z3S Western ave.; W. H. Welsh. F. S., 19117 Chenvst.

No.9, Chleago. 111.-Meets every Saturdav at 106 E. Randolph lit. ·A. F. Snider, Pres., 3433 slate SL; L. Christenson, R. 5., 1013 S. Irving ave.; A. McFarlane, F. S., 5657 Princeton avo

No. 10, Indianapolis, Ind.-Meets 1st and 3rd Monday at 29~ W. Pearl st. John Berrv. Pres .. care of headqnarters Fire Dept.; E. Bussele, R. S., 487 N. Illinois st.; E. C. Hartung, F. S., Rooms ~7 Cyclorama Bldg.

·No. II, Torre Hante, Ind.-Meets Zd and 4th Tuesdays at 8th and hlain IItS. Co D. Updegraff, Prell., SZ9 S. Ninth st.; M. Davis, R.S.,918 N. 9th st.; W •. H. Schaffer, F. S., 114 N. 14th st.

No. lit, EvaD8vllle, Ind.-Meet every Tuesday at cor. 3rd and Sycaw'ore st.' H;arry Fisher, Pres., 3D Clark st.; A. L. Swauson, R. S., 1054 Water st; A. N. Grant, F. S., 20l Clark 8t; .

No.1., Memphis, Tenn. - Chas. E. Blake. Pres., '10 Mulberry st.;. J. A. Myles, Sec., ZI17 De 5otollt.

No. J3. Philadelphia. Pa.-Meets every Tues­d:ly at 711 Spring Garden st. E. G. Boile, Pres., I'ftIn. Farmers' Hotel. 3d and CallowhUJ sts.; E. Hmnessy, R. S., 1518 French st.; Chas. T. Lang, F. S., 8Z9 Race st. . .

. No. 16, L,.nn, Mass.-Meet at General Elec­tric Band Room, 9~ South st. Jas. Robson, Pres .• 46 W •. Neptune st.; C. W. Perkins. R. S., 6 Allen's Coart; 2. J. Malloy, F. S., 86 Cottage st.

No. 17, Detroit; Mich. -Meets 1st and 3d Thursdays at Room 8Hilsendegen Block .. W. J. Donovan,"Pres.,112 Chestnut st.: Geo. H. Brown, R. S. 50 Lewis st.; P. F. Andricb, F. 5., 369 Chene st.

No. 18, Kansas City, JUo.-Meets 2d and 4th Fridays at 1117 Walnut st .. J. J. Lynch. Pres., 716 Delaware st.; C. F. Drolling.er. R. S., 326 Garfield av., .Kansas City, Kas.; J. H. l.ynn, F. 5., 1632 J cffersoll at. . '. .

No,"19, Chicago, 11J.-l\leets 1st and 3d Tues­days at 6512 Cottage Grove av. M. J. Sullivau, Pres.,4951 Princeton av.; G. W. Richart. R. 5 .. 5610 S. Halsted st.; D. Pearce, F. S., 35010 Wentworth avo

No. Itl"WheellDg; W. Va.-Meets 1st aDd 3d Tuesdays at Trades Assembly Hall. H. F. Wyse, Pres., Bo" 111; C. L. UJlerY, R. 5., Box 111; W. J. Clark, F. 5., McClure House. . No. 22.' Omaha, Neb. - Meets every 1st Rnd 3d Wednesdays at I.abor Temple, 17th & Douglas st. J. W. Watters, Pres., 2211 Pierce st.; M. J. Curran, :~! . .;:;tst.~ary'S ,"".j W. J. Wales, 1-'. 5., lao.

No. 23, St. Panl, Minn.-Meets 2d and '4th FrI­days at J.abor Hall. 3rd and Wabasha sts. Jno. O'Donnen, "Pres .. 4th Rnd Wabasha sts.; Thos. O'Toole, R. S., 333 E.·6tb st.; F. Volk, F. S., 175 W.6thsL .

No. 24, Minneapolis, Minn.-Meets 1st and 3rdWedncsdaysat34 and 366th st. S. Geo. Heilig .

. Pm." 18 9th IIt.~ L. R. Stevens. R. S., 18 Western "v .• A. Anne, F. 5., 3129 1.oogfelJow avo

No. 1t3, Duluth, lUlnn.-lfeets 2d and' 4th Thlirsdays'at room 6 Bllnuing Hlk. R. Thayer, Pres.,Z4 'i'hird ave. W.; 1.. P. Runkle. R. S;,17 Nor­ris Blk.; J88. F. (lwens, F. S.,414 E.Istst.

No. 28, Washington, D;C.-Meets evervMon­day at 628 Louisiana avo Jos. Patterson, Pres .. 112l 1..7th at. N. E.; H. E. Kaigbn, R. 5:, H25 Euclid Pl.; R. F. Metzel. F. S., S09111hst. N. W. •

No. 27, RalLimore, Md.-Meets every Monday at Hall. cor. I':l".~tt" a~d. park ava; C. F. Leitz, Pres .. 506t~,,;rottlltki!!t;,;q. '.l'>lo~. ~.:S., 1414 Mosher st'F~' }{~j>,'isse!1;' F. S., 14Q8·AS<ju'th,5t;··

No. ~8,. Lilniavllle, Ky ;-Meets 1st and 3d Tues­days at Heck lIall, 1st ~L 'Ue'4r Jeffers?n ' Calvin Beach. Pres.,.1020 W. Mnr:':et st,; Ed. l!erpt. R. S .• fIJ7 Magno1i~ st.; Juo;,.C. peibel, ~:S .• .uS 15th st.

No. 20~"Y.~;}:;l.!l,(:'''.*"Meets ~.ry.~"n~ay.at', 61~ AIa,Dcoif.L!!'L·' G"ee,;!'bster, preS':;':OO WallieI" st.; l).J.Kerr.R.S .• 114~khardHon·st;; Geo.Rav-mer, F. S .. lZl Rhodes st.,. . . .. ' . •

No. 30, Cinclunati; O·.-Meets'lst and 3d Mon­days at 136 a. ~ st. W. 'Wim"ms; Pres., 26 MItchell ave., Mt. Auburn; H. C. Genrich. R. S .. Z25 w. Court st.; J .. F: Hal"muth, F. S., ZlS8 Vernon st .• Clifton Heights. . ' .

No. 31. JerH"Y City, '!of. J_-M.eets 2d and 4th Thursdays at 116 Newar~av. Tho". Watson. Pres .• S13 Jersey av.; F. J. Anderson, R. S.,2Z8 Washing· tou st.: T. L. Jones, F. S .• 137 Grand st.

No. 32,l'atel'8on, N.J ..... Mliets 1st IUId 3d Mon· days at Gennan Union Hall.· . J. P. Colvin; Pres., 963 Madison av.; Jos. l\faher, R .. S., 3-18 Grand st .. ~t~':::'~l[;,e~ga~S,P8te~1l.N.J.; l,:,!tl.lKane,F.5.~

No. 35, B05ton, Mai.s.- Meets every Wed­nesday at Well's Memorial Hall. 9S7 Washingtcn st. J. 1.arkin. Pres.,13 Cambridge st.; D. McGilliv­ray. R. 5.. 7 Humboldt Park, Roxbury; R. H. B~dford, F. 5 .. Z68 River st .. Cambridge.

No. 36, Sacramento, CaI.-·J. A. Crombach, Pres.,1613 4th st.; E. G. Fletcher, R. S., 505 J st.; G. E. Flanagan, F. 5.,1315 K st.

No. 37, Hartford, Conn.-Meets lst and 3d Fridays at Central Union Labor Hall, 11 Central Row .. ;\1. F. Owen~, Pres., 6J Hawthorne st.; D. F. CronlD, R. S., 49 WIndsor st.; C.~. B~'rne, z,'. S., 16 Joho st. .

No. 38, Cleveland, O.-Meets every Thursday . at 393 On~ario st. R. M. Ross, Pres .. 33~ Colgate st.; H. C. Ott, R. ·S., 68 Cllua .. st.; J. F;. 5uloff, F. S., 28 Norton st. .

No. 39, Provitlence, R •. I.-Mep.ts 1st and 3d Mondays 'at Phrenix Bldg. 157 Westwinster st. H. B. Kel!y, Pres., 1950 Westminster st.; M. L. Carder, R. S., 40 Wilson sL; G. D. Higgins, F. 5., 8 Car-penter st. .

No. 40, St. Joseph, Mo.-Meets every Mond"y at north-west corner 8th and I.ocust sts., "Brock­aw's Hall." R. ~I. Martin, Pres., 170Z N. 3d st.; Wm. Dorsel, R. S .. 171D Calhoun st; F. A. Dunn, F. S .. 426 Edmond st.

No. 41,l'hlladelphia, Pa.o...Geo. A. Neal, Pres., 3626 Whartol1 st.

No. -l3, Syracuse, N. Y.-F.:'. Chadwick. Pres., 1~ Roberts ave.; G.!'>. Da'!t'nport. R. S., 5.'>3 Sey­mour st.: Chas. A. Miller, F. 5.; ro6 l'>lontgomery "t.

No. 44, Uocbester, N. Y.-F. M. Kehoe. Pres., 21 Costar st.; Wm. A. Breese, R. S., 56 4th st.' Fred Fish, F. S .. l23 Slate st; . . '

No. 45, Buffalo, N. Y .-!lfeetslst and 3rd Sat­urdays at Council Hall. Ww. Haley, Pres., 125 Erie st.; .Chas. Guyton. R. S., 12 .. Swan av.; C. E. Stinson, F. 5 .. Z98 CaroJina,st.

No. 46, Lowell, JUas8.-M. J. Burns, Pres., Po­lice D~'t; Thos._DaU,?n .. R.S. 368 Concord st.; H. E. Mapttre. F. 5.,9, Chnsltan st. .

No. 47, 'Vorcester, ~las8.-C. C. C0/rhlin, Pres • 113 West st.; Geo. R. Lincoln, Sec'y, MIllbury.'

No. 48, Ft. Wayneo-ltad.-Meets 1st aad 3rd Fridays Rt cor. of Main :ml!" Clinton sts. R. Bar­tel. Pres., Hotel Tremont: A. J. Lathouse, R. Soo 148 Wells st.~ G:' B. Taylor. Po 5 .. ~ Douglas avo

No. 40, Bloomington, 111.-1\Ieets 2d Monday at Trades A6sembly Hall. C. I'. Snyder, Pres., Box 328; Guy Carlton. R. 5 .• East aud Market s18.; W. C. Gorey, F. 5 .. 409 S. Madison st.

No. 51, Scranton,Pn.-Jas. Harding, Pres., 601 Meridian st.: P. Carupbell. R. 5., 1Zl0 Irving av.; Ruben Robins, F. S .. 1223 Hf\wpton st.

No. 32, Da"eoport, In.-Meets 1st and 3d Tuesday; A. L. Wheeler, Pres., Hotel Downs; J. H. Clark. Sec .. Zl5 Iowa st. .'

No. 03, Harrisburg, l'a.'-C. A. Swager, Pres., 115~ Market st.; Jas. Emruinger, R. S., 25 N. 15th st.: C. Andersou. F. S., 46 Summitt st.

No. 54, PeorJa, lli.-Meets 1st and 3rd Wed­nesdays at 301 IIlain st. H. Sch~arer. Pres., 219 W.)eH~rson st.: Ha!"!f ~un~, R. S .. East Peoria; L. ~. Crawley. F. Soo .15 Washmgton st.

No. 35 Des ]Uoines, IR.-L. lIl. Steadman, Pres., E. T. Purcell, R. S., Gratis st. S. 5.: Wm. I,eedon, F.S.

::'0. utl, Erie, !'a.-Ed. GIlmore. Pres., 218 State street: E. T. InderruiIJ. R. S., care Black Mfg. Co.; J. P. Hanlon, F. 5 .. Z3 N. Park Row.

15

No. 67, Snit Lake City, Utah.-R. Blair,5ec'y, care of Citizeus E. L. Co. . No~ 60, San Antonio, Tex.-l\leets~ 1st aud 3d'

Saturdays, Meyers' Hall, Alamo Plaza; Martin Wright, P~es., 114 Romania st.; J.p .. GiUinger. R. S., 326 Fest st.; W. F. Hendricks, F. S., iZZ MOs-quite st. •

No. 61, L08 Angeles, Cal. - C. p. Lofthouse, Pres., 746 San Julian st.; F. W. Messacar, R. S., Station A; ·W. R. Kingston. F. 5., 119 Kern st .

JS' o. 62, Knlamazoo, 1'Ilcb.-A. D. Ayres. Pres., " "JOJ S. Burdick st.; L, Bellman, R. S., 5010 Pine st.; G. E. Tiiit, F. 5., 32 .. Sarah st. '.

No •. 63. Tampa, Fla.-Thea. Glinn, Pres., pt. Tampa City; W. F. Crofts, R. S.,lock box 264; Arthllr D. Henry, F. S., bol[ ZZO.· .

No. Ga, Butte, 1'Iont.-Meets 1st 'and 3d Sun­days in Good Teruplars Hall. W. Broadway. J. R. Dutton. Pr".s .. 601 Placer·st.;· D. J. Winslow. R. S" 10.1 E. GranIto st.; A. G; Ellerick. F.S .. Gen'l Del.

No.86, Houston,Tex.-Meets 1.t& 3d Mondays. G. O. Wood. Pres., 1214 Providence st.; A. H. Stdle, R. 5.,12 Main st.; W. V. Z,'isk, F. 5., care Telephone office.

No. 67, Quincy, ,Ill.-Meetr 2nd and .. th 'Vednes .... ys at Trndes Assembly Hall, So. 5th st. W_ F. Wagner, Pres.,6oU I.ocust st.: E. W. Ness­ler, R. S., 602 Sixth ave. 5.;:D. 1\1. MalliusoD, F. S., llZO Vine st. ..

No. 68, Little Rock, Ark.o...G. W. Wilson, Pr~s., care Brown Machine Co.; C. J. Griffith. R. S .. care J .. R. Tract. & F;1. Co.; C. M. 1I1iJ.haw, F. S., 309 W. Markh:llU st.

No. 69,lJallas, Tex.-lIIeets 1st and 3rd Satur­day. at Labor Hall. S. n. Claibome, Pres., HI San JaclUto st.; W. H. Young. R. S .• l90 Beaumont at,' F. G. Montgomery, F. S., 190 Collins st. •

No. 70, Schenectady, N. Y.-Meets 2d and 4th Tuesdays at Trades Assemblv Hall. cor. Centre and State 5tS. F. Litzendorl. Pres .. Crane ·st .• Mt. Pleasant; W. A. Birch R. 5 .. 608 Liberty st.' J. D. Betting. F. 5., 6Z6 Villa road., ,.

No. 71, Onlvellton, Tex. "'-Meets 'Zd and 4th Wednesdays. J. T .. Payne. Pres., 1314 Centre st.; F. ]. Schallert, R.5., 2514 Church st.; C. L. Gar­rett. F. 5., ZIt)! A V. L.

Nn. ':2, "·ac .. , Tex.-Meets 2d and 4th Wednes­days at Labor Hall. M. F. Wortham. Pres .. 912 S. 6th st.; Jos. Hodges, Sec'y, 728 5. 6th st.

No. 73, Spokane, 'Vl\sh. -Meets 1st and .1rd Thursdavs at Oliver. Hall, 336~ River,,;de avo Gus Benson. -Pr~s., 504 Nichols Block; T. H. venter R. S., box. 1>3.5;. C. C. Van. Inweg~, F.S .• 10; Howarol st. S. . ..

No. '14, Fall niver, Dlass.-l'deets every Mon­day at cor. Main and Bedford sts. W. I. White, Pres., 59 ·Bowen st.; Jas. MU"phv, R. S.,I00 4th st.·; Thea. Bailey. F. S., 135 5neiI st.

No. 70, Grand Rapids, ~lJch.-Meets 1st and 3d Fridays. D. B. McIntyre, Pr"s.;,Ohio Hous~i_ Owen Freeman. P...5.; G. H. H'ggms. F. S., b,j

Pleasant st. No. 78, Saginaw, 1'llch.-)as. Hodgii>s, Pres., '

3C6 N. Franklin st.; John Strachan. R. S .• 336 N. 2nd st.; Chas. Ross; .F. S., P. O. box US, E. 5.

No. 79, Austiu, Tex.-Meets every- 'rhursday night at Maccabee Hall. J. L. \'crkaufer, Pres., 1206 San Jacinto st.; Chas. J. Jackson, R. 5., 1I1ayor's office; B. Y.Lovejoy;F. S.,I00-l11E. 7th st.

PATR(}N1ZEUNION CLERKS ... All members of the R. C. N. P. A. call ShOW this card.

Ask lor It when making Jour purchases. End.,.od bg A. F. of L.

ONE-THIRD ACTUAL SIZE.

COLOR IS CHANGED EACH QUARTER.' Good nnly duf'to;:-mnnthf nfll.!"1ed In lo.er leR.h",.r: "'Cmer aDd _beD

properly ligoed, aDd STAMPED wllb. 'be oumber €If lb. Local.

$1.25 PER MONTH FOR ONE YEAR WILL PAY r:OR.~ ••

The Electrical \4Jorker's Course THE CORRESPONDENCE SCHooL OF TECHNOLOGY,

CLEVELAND, OHIO. Ask the Secretary of your lodge, or send to the School for LOb Ie'" .

particulars, Rnd spe<:ial rates to N. B. it. W. I era. om m 15510nso Make a Start Now This will pay you several hundred per cent.

• TO EARN MOR2, LEARN MORE.

I i· I

,., !

I I I

.' ~. ~

16, T~E :E~ECTRICAL'WORKER~:

=P=A=T=E=::' =N=T=S=· =. =r~=l=~=~~=is=:=:>K=' =:;=11 =In=.·=.s=trltctio~By=M=. au='l=1n=·=th=e·=Op=era=tio~d -~~~~~ion-:

Patents Obtained . ". Electric._ .... Ltg' ht~: Po\ver and R. ailwa"y Plants. Trade-Marks Registered.

800 RIALTO' SLOG., KNIGHT ST. -LOUIS, MO- BROTHERS

WM. H. BRYAN, M~ AM. SOC. M. E. H~ H. HUnPHREY. M.- S.

MECHANICAL AND ELEGTRICAL. ENqlNEERS

EJeetric J.ight, Railway and Po~et", WaterWorks, Steam Heating, Steam and Power Plants,

Economic Shop ~rrange~ent, Designing S~ial TooIs,'ConsnltatiOns, EstImates, Plans, Spectfic:a­tioDs, su~tendence, Examinations, Tests, Re~ ports'aDci"l'Il'n:hasing;. .. ' .. :. i.i;i-.nd 2, Tumei' Building.

Higdon, Longan

ST. LOUIS. .

ATTORNEYS •• AT LAW

& Higdon Patents Obtained and Draw-. ings Made of Comples:

.•• _ ••••••. ' .J:.;lectric:al Inventions.

5T,' LOUIs-odd Fellow!! Bldg., 2nd Floor. Entrance .206.

W ASHINGTON-ROo1tl ~ p>:cilic Bldg. '. Gp. Patent Office. .

The Philadelphia

Insulator=and = Tie Reasons For Using It.

lsL It ii;~u'i'ts .1inUonnnnd neatest construc-tion. ".' ..

2d. . It greatly fa"i1itates changes and repairs.

Jrd. it is pronounced by practical men the only tie tb"t will hold hard-drawn cnpper wires; laut without injury. '.

4th. 'Ill-uew work it saves from live to ten minute> time in making each tie.

5th. In repair work it saves abOut ten minutes time for each tie, :-emoved and replaced. Also the cost of new tie to replace the old one.

6th. This tie can be made and nntied any number- of times witho,,! impairment. The tie ia made instantly by the snap of the l~ver and is untied in the same manner.

7th. The in~ulator itself is equally as good for "ckad ending" wires and for junction pole work, lUI any in&ulator in use. .

8th. Linemen can handle it as readily on the . pole, and can handle as many of them as of the c.ld style; at the same time they are not ham­pered with canying loose tie wires.

ELECTRICAL WORKERS SEND IN YOUR OllDEIlS FOIt ••••

EMBLEl\'lATIC

BUTTONS

A large S\lpply on Land. . Solid Gold, $1.00 uch. KIlUed Gold, 50c eacb.

'J. T. KELLY, Orand Secretary,

90f Olive Street; ST. ~OUI~, MO.

. 8t","e .. earrled>onnthnm9' No time lost I froruwork;. Tboruugb iJ'&tru.rt1oJI. Practl­"al methor.s. Endou .. d by En&iuenrs and ~~a(l!n:; Ei'E;t:trictnl .J(\t&~81!. . I

Dynamo Tenders, LinelD~r.. '''Jr'''men," l'[otormen, Arnu.tnre 3"d ru:aWo'l!t. ,,'indfll'8 amI other Electrical Work ...... e"" lit .nl"m-selves for adv"ncement.

. h.

C,!lT courses are dC5igned by practlcal'mea who futly uuderstand w!i"fr"rUu~"<:tI· .•.. should studf tL G""Hfy them tUWln promotion. We begln at the begiuni:!/fof e"e\~' s"b- '. ;ec:t So that 1f .. mau cau ·fcad .and write Bud will study, we can teach hilu. Ilf.tru('lion·. and ~uestio!l Pap.;:r. 'And P"awing Plates, bett~r than text hooks, bave i>e~r. l'!l!p.ue,t espec18l1y. for uar ~tud"'ts, at'an ""'pense exceediug $loo.iXXl. These are f",r.ighed (ree. ~~'d~;:i!reh'r~~~.?: s~~gi:..~be dhe::tion of the ablest instructors who dir,,::'t the slttdeut

. ~..-::." Thu E1e'c:t~ical ~o""~r and Ligbttnl(' Scholnrshlp includes complete instr1l~t\oD in Aritbrneli'c,·MenslItation "nd the Use'of Letters in Algebraic Formula~ atid in Mechanlc:al Drawing: TlJe student lea .. "s enough of mathematics to compute th;: 'p.,>W{;

. a~d capacity' 0.t,.o:l~'tt:i;.:al !lta~hi.n~r}'.' lind le~ms ho~ to 1Y!ake a drawing of a m~"l, ;,,~ or "pl~e',of. m.a£hl .. :!.l-~~Y" ·':Ti!e_c!t~t<l<:all.nstruchon ~gll1S wlt.h: Elementary Electncltrar:d

,.' :Magl1:eb8'!1 sllg;·.tUC sllu,ple Anfamet.c of Electncsi Quant!tlc:s and extr.nds througr. ,ne ·l;iOnstruction~.in'Si>;iUltit.,i, c"p~taticr' Rud care of dvnanlOs and motors of different, kbds, .

. ·inc:1uillng·;thCljlf!:for·'railwaY.:Iud ,..tine.use; the cOnnection of swit{'lt-boards for. ""~;~IIS .. ' pUrJ?Oses;' the. :Cak~IQtiou of wiring for lighting acd powl!r circu!ts; tbe co:!str,",ctioD,

effiCIency .an:,,", ·cauule-power v.f.·arc and iucandescent lamps; t!1e {'onstruction. and DlBD'agemeut.pf c:k-c:tric rai~wai.s, elc. .

We ;iso teach !'Y mililM.ecb.atl~Cal, Miliirg and Ciyil Engi~ee~ug, ~fcchani~al au"- A!'C1Jitectural Draw-. '. lng; Archltecturt'.; Plmnt>mg. HeattnJ aud "eDlllauon; English Brnnch",,; .

. ..' .':.:':.' S~.~no~phy; tJoc;Ik·keeptng aud Bu~iness Forms.

'MEN~IC)l'I'T"'E SUBJECT IN WHICH yoiJ- ARI: INTERESTED AND'SEND:FOR'iilOOK OF TESTIMONIALS A"'D FULL DESCRIPi"foNO";·OUR SCHOOLS. FREE. WRITE TO

THE INTEENA nONAL CORRESPQNDENCE SCHOOLS, . . '. ~ •. ";: .', Bolt "1029. SCRANTON. FA. .

.:,;

We have: msd.~ s quanUcy of ti~ese insu!Rtocs­and-ties, adapted for use mth No. 1211ard·nr".wn

: copper wires., for !.b~ !;)arpc.st: of den!Col!;;t1 at'i!!g the practicability of tllc de',;ce. . For. p"'·!Jo,.es of test we think these ...... mples cal: Oe' 11ge,1 witl!. No. 10 or No. 14 wires, hut {<>r ':c.,,!it!ued· use we recommend spedei:.$;"es for cncb s1>:e of con.ductor. _ ..

UPon 'application iren,' .pattifOs d~s;ro!!s of ,n­vestigating the merit.~ oi ~he.de,"ke, "''' will. ier­ward a limited number of tllesc sa,. ... ":"s· tree u/ charge.

Ultimately we shall proo;!de .. th,se -iuSl1lato"3-and-ties for use in t;OD~ection .... J.h any S?~ili-,d si2e of wire or cable. .

We beUe\·e them to be pec:\1U"dy ad •. pte.!. for use in electrical lighting 'Iud '(",,,phol1e wc~k, where frequent. change.; :Ire li1;;dy.W vc:cur.

For other information, prices, etc., address

The Philadeiphla' Insulator Co.,

935' Drexel'-B:lildiug,

Phil •• , P~nt!8 •

-================'=--=.:c" "-.-. Patent Sable Is the Best Belting

••• Made ••• Patent

Leather Pulley Covering. Ra\vitideBelt.

SHULTZ BELilNS COMPANY,. ST. tOUi~,MO.

NEW YORK. N. Y~. ZZS Pearl St., Bos'rON, MASS., 1M. Summer St., PRJI.ADltX.PHIA, P.\ •• 1Z9 N. Third St:,

Agent .. In aU Frincipal (:iUes.

- A. B. LAURENCE, !I'!s.11ager. GEO. T. KELLY. Manager. .JAS;GAR.~ETT, Manager.