1.0 TITLE OF THE EXPERIMENT

Electrical Wiring

2.0 INTRODUCTION

Electrical wiring in general refers to insulated conductors used to carry electricity and associated

devices. General aspects of electrical wiring are used to provide power in or to building or

structures, commonly referred to as building wiring.

Electrical wiring whether for residential, commercial or industrial projects must be carefully

installed and maintained in such a way it will provide safety to persons and property. This

requires good workmanship, knowledge of electrical principles and circuitry. Familiarity with

electrical wiring accessories in an important provision beside an awareness of and strict

adherence to the provisions of the National Electrical Code (NEC).

The surface wiring is the basic wiring that has been used for many purposes. Usually, this type of

wiring does not have any problem encountered such as the view, the alignment and many other

aspects. It is the wiring which is installed and can be seen with bare eyes.

Concealed wiring is wiring that is covered by the finish of the building and therefore considered

as inaccessible. It is usually for single phase supply of electricity. Building of bricks or concrete

is suitable for this type. The mechanical damages can be avoided. There are many installations. It

is also high durability of cables required, small power consumption and usually uses PVC

insulated conduits.

An electrical conduit is a purpose designed electrical piping system used for protection and

routing electrical wiring. Electrical conduit may be made of metal, plastic, fiber or fired clay.

Flexible conduit is also available for special purpose. Conduit is generally installed by

electricians at the installation of electrical equipment. Its use, form and installation details are

often specified by wiring regulations such as NEC or other national or local code.

3.0 OBJECTIVES

To identify the process of electrical wiring installation for the single storey house as

given in the laboratory.

To review and discuss all the process of electrical wiring installation for the single

storey house.

To prepare the schematic diagram for the electrical wiring installation.

4.0 APPARATUS

Electrical wiring sample board

Test span

Camera

5.0 PROCEDURE

5.1 Components of electrical wiring at the sample board were indentified.

5.2 The suggestions of the electrical devices accessories that suitable to the electrical

wiring installation were made.

5.3 The schematic diagram of electrical wiring installation was sketched.

6.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

6.1 Distribution Board (DB)

A distribution board (or panelboard) is a component of an electricity supply system which

divides an electrical power feed into subsidiary circuits, while providing a protective fuse or

circuit breaker for each circuit, in a common enclosure. Normally, a main switch, and in recent

boards, one or more Residual-current devices (RCD) or Residual Current Breakers with

Overcurrent protection (RCBO), will also be incorporated. (Wikipedia-Distribution Board)

6.2 Moulded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB)

These all-in-one components sit neatly inside the main electrical panel of your home and

business and perform their service quietly, only to make themselves known when they have

performed the task of over-current protection. Molded case circuit breakers are manufactured in

such a way so the end user will not have access to the internal workings of the over-current

protection device. Generally constructed of two pieces of heavy-duty electrically insulated

plastic, these two halves are riveted together to form the whole. Inside the plastic shell is a series

of thermal elements and a spring-loaded trigger. When the thermal element gets too warm, from

an over-current situation, the spring trips, which in turn will shut off the electrical circuit.

(http://www.ehow.com)

6.3 Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB)

An Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB) (now referred to as residual current circuit breaker) is

a safety device used in electrical installations with high earth impedance to prevent shock. The

main purpose of earth leakage protectors is to prevent injury to humans and animals due to

electric shock. ELCBs have one advantage over RCDs: they are less sensitive to fault conditions,

and therefore have fewer nuisance trips. (This does not mean they always do, as practical

performance depends on installation details and the discrimination enhancing filtering in the

ELCB.) Therefore by electrically separating cable armour from cable CPC, an ELCB can be

arranged to protect against cable damage only, and not trip on faults in downline installations.

6.4 Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB)

The term "miniature circuit breaker" refers to any circuit breaker used in electrical panels found

in residences or light commercial businesses. Like all circuit breakers, miniature circuit breakers

regulate the amp flow through a specific circuit; they simply allow less than industrial circuit

breakers. Homeowners need to understand proper circuit identification and troubleshooting

techniques to ensure correct use of miniature circuit breakers as a safeguarding measure.

7.0 RESULT

ITEM FUNCTION

GANG M/C SOCKET Device commonly employed in domestic installation to facilitate the connection to the main supply of portable lighting fitting and others appliances.

It is fixed and design to receive a plug that carries protruding metal contacts corresponding to recessed contact in he socket outlet

FAN REGULATOR To control the current that flow to the fan.

The higher the speed of the fan, the lasses resistance in the current flow.

FLUORECENT LAMP This is low pressure variation of the mercury discharge energized mercury atoms emit ultra violet radiation and a blue light.

BULB Provide a combination of visible radiation and ultraviolet light

WIRE Important component in electrical installation.

  Connect the power sources(electricity)

and the equipment that use it.  The type of wire depends on the method

used/adopted.*Wire :Red - live *Wire Green - earth *Wire Black - neutral wire

EARTH LEAKAGE CURCUIT BREAKER safety device used in electrical installations with high earth impedance to prevent shock.

  The main purpose of earth leakage

protectors is to prevent injury to humans and animals due to electric shock

DIRECT ON LINE STARTER Act as the switch to the air conditioner. Let the current flow to the air conditioner

8.0 DISCUSSION

CURRENT SUPPLY FOR THE DOMESTIC BUILDING

i-ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION

After electricity is produced at power plants is has to get to the customers that use the

electricity. Our cities, towns, states and the entire country are crisis-crossed with power lines

that ³carry´ the electricity. As large generators spin, they produce electricity with a voltage of

about 25,000 volts. A volt is a measurement of electromotive force in electricity. The electricity

first goes to a transformer at the power plant that boosts the voltage up to 400,000 volts. When

electricity travels long distances it is better to have it at higher voltages (more efficiently at high

voltages).The long thick cables of transmission lines are made of copper or aluminum because

they have a low resistance.

High voltage transmission lines carry electricity long distances to substation. From this

substation, electricity in different power levels is used to run factories, streetcars and mass

transit, light street lights and stop light, and is sent to neighborhood. When electricity enters

(example house), it must pass through a meter and goes through a fuse box. The fuse box

protects the house in case of problems. When fuse (circuit breaker) ³blows´ or ³trips´ something

wrong with an appliance or something was short circuited.

ii-ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION

A process in the delivery of electricity to consumers is the bulk transfer of electrical power.

Typically, power transmission is between the power plant and a substation near a populated area.

This process can be divided into two phases; primary transmission and secondary transmission.

(a) Primary Transmission

A set of transformer at bulk transmission station- To raise the generated power (11-25kV) to the

high voltages (500kV) used on the high voltage transmission lines called the National Grid. The

connection in the transformers from power generated by alternator to the power supplied to the

high power lines may be typed Delta to Delta or Delta to Star (Wye) or other combinations.

Delta-star is commonly used because safety of additional neutral line can be incorporated.

 

(b) Secondary Transmission

Secondary high transmission substation- Consists of step-down transformer from500kv to 33kV.

The power will supply to large heavy industries and various states.

iii-ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION

Electricity distribution is the penultimate stage in the delivery (before retail) of electricity to end

users. It is generally considered to include medium-voltage (less than 50 kV)power lines,

electrical substations and pole mounted transformers, low voltage(less than 1000 V) distribution

wiring and sometimes electricity meters. The process can be divided into two phase;

(a) Primary Distribution Substations Consists of step-down transformer from 33 kV to

11kV.These will supply the heavy consumption of high-rise commercial buildings, factories of

heavy to medium consumption and large cities or suburban areas. Distribution cables on large

unipole- consist of single pole of either reinforced concrete of CHS steel pole with supporting

branches on both sides to supports hanging cables. Other method used is by underground due to

heavy traffics.

(b) Secondary Distribution

Substations Consists of step-down transformer from 11kV to 41

5kV or and 240kV.Thessubstation usually located within the housing areas, villages or towns.

Distribution cables on small unipole-similar to the poles of primary distribution but used much

more common

9.0 CONCLUSION

From the experiment we can see how electrical component have been installed accordingly

to the devices. However, We all use electricity almost without thinking about it. Although we

are surrounded by and rely on electrical appliances, most people have little understanding of

how electricity arrives at its final point of use.

There are a few suggestions of the electrical devices that suitable to the electrical wiring

installation.

From this assignment, our group members have identified the process of electrical wiring

installation for single storey house. By knowing more about electricity can help us prevent

problems in our home when we want to make an electrical wiring installation.

Electrical wiring can be as simple as following these tips. Connecting chord, circuit connection,

device connections, and electrical panel connection all required some type of wiring connection.

Before you can make electrical connection, you must first know what type wire to use for the

installation, what color wire is needed for the application, and what is the proper size wire to

handle the load of the circuit. For electricians, wire colors mean everything. They identify

whether the wire is neutral, earth or live wire.

Furthermore, by making the proper connections to the electrical service components will help

keep the electricity flowing trouble-free. Before trying to wire an electric meter, disconnect,

electrical panel, or sub-panel, be sure you know where to place the wires on each. An electrical

devices must be wired right to make electrical connections safe and secure. As an example,

some appliances need only 120-volt outlets, but others need 240-volt outlets. Just connecting

wire to device terminal isn’t enough. You need to know the proper way to strip, bend and

tighten connections so they will provide you with a safe and functional connection for years to

come.

we conclude that Electrical wiring in general refers to insulated conductor use to carry

electricity and associated device. For our report, we find out the process of the electrical wiring

installation for single storehouse.

There are two types of electrical wiring. The surface wiring is the basic wiring that has

been used for many purposes. Another type of wiring is concealed wiring which is wiring that is

covered over by the finish of the building and therefore considered as inaccessible. These two

wiring are use insulated conduits to avoid the mechanical damages. An electrical conduit used

for protect the electrical wiring. We also prepared the schematic diagram for the electrical

before and after wiring installation.

For current supply in domestic building, it can be divided into three major works before it is

arrive to the consumer to use it in their resident. The three major step known as electrical power

generation which is the production of electric at power plant and then it will go to electrical

power transmission which is process in the delivery of electricity to consumers is the bulk

transfer of electrical power and last before it go to the consumer is electric power distribution

which it will distribute the electric according to the need.

Electricity distribution is the penultimate stage in the delivery (before retail) of electricity

to end users. General aspects of electrical wiring are used to provide power in or to building and

structure electrical wiring must be carefully installed and maintained in such a way it will

provide safety to persons and property. This required good workmanship, knowledge of

electrical principle and circuitry.

General aspects of electrical wiring are used to provide power in or to building and

structure electrical wiring must be carefully installed and maintained in such a way it will

provide safety to persons and property. This required good workmanship, knowledge of

electrical principle and circuitry.

10.0 REFERENCE

i) http://www.ustr.net/electronics/fluorescent.shtml

ii) http://eu.st.com/stonline/books/pdf/docs/3706.pdf

iii) http://ludens.cl/Electron/Fluolamp/fluolamp.html

iv) http://www.penguinslab.com/fluorodrvr.htm

v) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box

vi) http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-junction-box.htm

vii) http://homerepair.about.com/od/electricalrepair/ss/elec_box_ltg_8.htm

viii) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conduit

ix) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_wiring

11.0 APPENDIX

Figure1: Distribution Box

Figure 3: Testing of the electric current flow in the circuit

Figure 4: The circuit is connected in series

Figure 2: Switch and air condition controller

Figure 5: The upper circuit connects the fluorescent lamp, fan, and lamp

Figure 1: The lower circuit connects the air condition and switches