Electric Dipole Moments, the LHC, and the Origin of Matter M.J. Ramsey-Musolf Wisconsin-Madison NPAC

Electric Dipole Moments, the LHC, and the Origin of Matter

M.J. Ramsey-MusolfWisconsin-MadisonQuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.

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http://www.physics.wisc.edu/groups/particle-theory/

NPACTheoretical Nuclear, Particle, Astrophysics & Cosmology

MIT LNS Colloquium, March 2011





The Origin & History of Matter

Standard Model Universe

EW Symmetry Breaking: Higgs ?

BSM Universe

QCD: n+p! nuclei

QCD: q+g! n,p…

Astro: stars, galaxies,..

How did we go from nothing to something ?

e+ + e- ! q + q !



The Origin & History of Matter

?

Baryogenesis: When? CPV? SUSY? Neutrinos?

EW Baryogenesis: testable w/ EDMs + colliders

Leptogenesis: less testable, look for ingredients w/ s

Can new TeV scale physics explain the abundance of matter ?

If so, how will we know ?

What are the quantitative implications of new EDM experiments & LHC searches for the Higgs and new particles for explaining the origin of YB & CDM ?



The Origin of Matter

?


EW Baryogenesis: testable w/ EDMs + colliders

Leptogenesis: less testable, look for ingredients w/ s

Can new TeV scale physics explain the abundance of matter ?

If so, how will we know ?

What are the quantitative implications of new EDM experiments & LHC searches for the Higgs and new particles for explaining the origin of YB?

PRD 71: 075010 (2005) PRD 73: 115009 (2006) JHEP 0607:002 (2006 ) PRD 78:075009 (2008) PRL 102:061301 (2009) PLB 673: 95 (2009)

JHEP 0912:067 (2009)PRD 81:063506 (2010)JHEP 1001:002 (2010)PRD 81: 103503 (2010)JHEP 1008:062 (2010)

D. Chung WisconsinV. Cirigliano LANLB. Garbrecht AachenM. Gonzalez-Alonso WisconsinC. Lee MITY. Li BNLT. Liu UC Santa

BarbaraS. Profumo UC Santa CruzJ. Shiu IPMUS. Tulin TRIUMF

Baryogenesis & EDMs

PRD 75: 037701 (2007) JHEP 0807:010 (2007) PRD 77: 035005 (2008) PRD79: 015018 (2009)

PRD79: 055024 (2009)JHEP 1001:053 (2010)arXiv: 1101.4665 [hep-ph]

Higgs Pheno & EWPT

V. Barger WisconsinP. Fileviez Perez WisconsinM. Gonderinger WisconsinP. Langacker IASH. Lim WisconsinM. McCaskey KansasD. O’Connell IASH. Patel WisconsinS. Profumo UC Santa CruzG. Shaugnessy

ANL/NorthwesternK. Wang IPMUM. Wise Caltech

Outline

I. Baryogenesis: General Features

II. Computing YB systematically: progress & challenges (today’s theory talk by V. Cirigliano)

III. Illustrative phenomenology in MSSM: EDMs & the LHC

IV. EW Phase Transition: Higgs & New Scalars

I. Baryogenesis: General Features

Baryogenesis: Ingredients

Anomalous B-violating processes

Prevent washout by inverse processes

Sakharov Criteria

• B violation

• C & CP violation

• Nonequilibrium dynamics

Sakharov, 1967

SM Sphalerons:

SM CKM CPV:

SM EWPT:

EDMs

LHC: Scalars

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EW Baryogenesis: Standard Model

Weak Scale Baryogenesis

• B violation



Sakharov, 1967

Anomalous Processes

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• B violation



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Increasing mh

1st order 2nd order

• CP-violation too weak• No EWPT

Shaposhnikov




Electroweak Baryogenesis


EW symmetric universe



Bubbles of broken EW symmetry

EW phase transition

Baryogenesis: New Electroweak Physics


• B violation



Sakharov, 1967

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Unbroken phase

Broken phaseCP Violation

Topological transitions

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• Is it viable?• Can experiment constrain it?• How reliably can we compute it?

Theoretical Issues:Strength of phase transition (Higgs sector) Bubble dynamics (numerical)Transport at phase boundary (non-eq QFT)EDMs: many-body physics & QCD

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II. Computing YB

Systematic Baryogenesis

Goal: Derive dependence of YB on parameters Lnew systematically (controlled approximations)

Parameters in LnewBubble & PT dynamics

CPV phases

Departure from equilibrium

• Earliest work: QM scattering & stat mech

• New developments: non-equilibrium QFT

Develop methods with Minimal Supersymmetric SM but more generally applicable



Systematic Baryogenesis

Goal: Derive dependence of YB on parameters Lnew systematically (controlled approximations)

Parameters in LnewBubble & PT dynamics

CPV phases

Departure from equilibrium

• Earliest work: QM scattering & stat mech

• New developments: non-equilibrium QFT

Scale Hierarchy: Fast, but not too fast

Hot, but not too hot

Dense, but not too dense

d = vw (k / << 1

p = p / << 1

= / T << 1

Thermal, but not too dissipative

Plural, but not too flavored

coll = coll / << 1

osc = / T << 1

Work to lowest, non-trivial order in ’s

Error is O () ~ 0.1

Cirigliano, Lee, R-M,Tulin

Baryogenesis: CPV & Transport


• B violation



Sakharov, 1967

?

ϕ new

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φ(x)

Unbroken phase

Broken phaseCP Violation & Transport


Also Cirigliano, Lee, R-M, Tulin

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∂t− D∇ 2ρ B = −ΓWS FWS (x) nL (x) + Rρ B[ ]

FWS (x) ->0 deep inside bubble

nL produced in wall & diffuses in front

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• B violation



Sakharov, 1967

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Unbroken phase



Transport: A Competition

CPV

Chem Eq

R-M et al

Diffusion




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• B violation



Sakharov, 1967

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ϕ new

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Unbroken phase




CPV

Chem Eq

R-M et al

Diffusion




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MSSM: Chung, Garbrecht, R-M, Tulin ‘09



Bubble interior

Bubble exterior



Details of spectrum & int impt:

Chung, Garbrecht, R-M, Tulin ‘08

LH leptons

LH quarksLH fermions



• B violation



Sakharov, 1967

?

ϕ new

?

φ(x)

Unbroken phase




CPV

Chem Eq

R-M et al

Diffusion




Coupled set of (~30) quantum Boltzmann equations

EDM searches:

How strong was the CPV “kick” ?





MSSM: Chung, Garbrecht, R-M, Tulin ‘09



Bubble interior

Bubble exterior

CPV

LH leptons

LH quarksLH fermions

CPV Sources:

Compute finite-T Greens fns in presence of spacetime varying, complex mass matrix (CPV flavor oscillations) & thermalizing reactions

• Approx solutions

• Exact solution for time-varying, spatially homogeneous background (Cirigliano, Lee, R-M, Tulin ‘09)

• Full solution: in progress

Key Results: MSSM

Resonant Higgsino-Gaugino scattering dominates SCPV

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ϕ new

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φ(x)

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SCPV

CP-cons particle number changing processes

Chung,Garbrecht, R-M, Tulin: PRL 102:061301 (2009)



Small tan negligible Yb, effects tan=20: impt Yb, effects (g-2)

Detailed information from precision tests & LHC needed

Key Results: MSSM & Beyond

III. Phenomenology: EDMs, LHC, & YB

EDMs: New CPV?

• SM “background” well below new CPV expectations

• New expts: 102 to 103 more sensitive

• CPV needed for BAU?

Mass Scale Sensitivity

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M < 500 GeV! sinϕCP < 10-2

3.1 x 10-29

EDMs: Complementary Searches

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P-,T-odd πNN

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EDMs: Schiff Moments

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Nuclear Schiff Moment

Nuclear EDM: Screened in atoms

Schiff Screening

Atomic effect from nuclear finite size: Schiff moment

EDMs in SUSY

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Dominant in nuclei & atoms

40 new CPV phases

ϕj = arg (Mjb*)

ϕA = arg (Af Mj )

Universality Assumption

ϕ ϕ

Common ϕA

One Loop EDMs & Baryogenesis

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Future de dn dA

EDM Interpretation: MSSM at 2 Loop

ϕA = arg (Af Mj )



Li, Profumo, R-M 09

2-loop: Non-universal Phases

ϕj = arg (Mjb*)

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ATLAS Exclusion: mSUGRA/CMSSM

arXiv: 1102.5290

EDMs & EWB: Non-universal phases

Arg(M1b*) = Arg(M2b*) /



Weak dependence of de , dn on Arg(M1b*)



Res EWB not compatible with dn



Res & non-res EWB compatible with future dn , light mA, & moderate tan

Li, Profumo, R-M: PLB 673:95 (2009)

MSSM Baryogenesis: EDMs & LHC

baryogenesis

Present de

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Prospective dn

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+-driven EWB

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10-28

LHC reach

EDMs: What We May Learn

Present n-EDM limit

Proposed n-EDM limit

Matter-AntimatterAsymmetry in the Universe:

Theory: How robust ? Can EDMs & LHC kill EW baryogenesis ?

“n-EDM has killed more theories than any other single experiment”

? MSSM

IV. EW Phase Transition: Higgs & New Scalars

• Was there a first order EWPT leading to bubble nucleation?

• If BSM physics (CPV + particle transfer) generated a large initial YB , did nature preserve it inside the bubbles ?

EW Phase Transition: New Scalars

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Increasing mh

mh>114.4 GeV

or ~ 90 GeV (SUSY)

Computed ESM : mH < 70 GeV

Need

So that sphaleron is not too fast

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“Strong” 1st order EWPT

Preserve YB

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Baryon Number Preservation

~

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Final baryon asymmetry

Initial baryon asymmetry

ln S ~ A(TC) e

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EW Phase Transition: New Scalars

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Increasing mh

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or ~ 90 GeV (SUSY)

Computed ESM : mH < 70 GeV

Need

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MSSM: Color Breaking Vacua

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• Carena et al (2008): color-neutral EW vacuum is metastable for appropriate MSSM parameters

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Two-loop analysis of VEFF in effective theory

The Simplest Extension

Model

Independent Parameters:

v0, x0, 0, a1, a2, b3, b4

H-S MixingH1 ! H2H2

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Stable S (dark matter?)

• Tree-level Z2 symmetry: a1=b3=0 to prevent s-h mixing and one-loop s hh

• x0 =0 to prevent h-s mixingxSM EWPT:

Signal Reduction Factor

Production Decay

Simplest extension of the SM scalar sector: add one real scalar S (SM singlet)

• Two Higgs mass eigenstates at “low” (LHC) energy: mixed doublet-singlet

• More flexibility pattern of symmetry breaking at high T

• Can achieve 1st order EWPT and evade LEP SM Higgs mass bounds

LHC: Signal Reduction Factor

Production Decay

sin2

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O’Connel, R-M, Wise:Profumo, R-M, Shaugnessy:

Barger, Langacker, McCaskey, R-M Shaugnessy:

PRD 75: 037701 (2007)

JHEP 0807:010 (2007)

PRD 77: 035005 (2008) PRD79: 015018 (2009)

Model

EWPT

LHC & DM

Finite Temperature Potential

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• What is the pattern of symmetry breaking ?

• What are conditions on the couplings in V(H,S) so that <H0>/T > 1 at TC ?

LHC Phenomenology

Signatures





EWPO compatible

m2 > 2 m1

m1 > 2 m2

LHC: reduced BR(h SM)

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Complex Singlet: LHC Discovery

Barger, Langacker, McCaskey, R-M, Shaugnessy

Traditional search: CMS





Invisible search: ATLAS

Single component case (x0 = 0)

EWPT

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Baryon Number Preservation: Open Theory Issues

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Initial baryon asymmetry

Gauge Dep

Freq of sph unstable mode

Fluct Det ratio

Duration of EWPT

YBinit &

entropy dilution

H. Patel & MRM, arXiv: 1101.4665

Ongoing Theoretical Work

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EWPT with scalars in higher-dim reps of SU(2)



Computationally tractable operator accounting for nuclear correlations (Liu, Haxton, R-M, Timmermans…)




Bubble interior

Bubble exterior

CPV

CPV sources: resum vevs to all orders & consistently solve for non-eq Green’s functions



Apply our tools to candidates for the “new Standard Model”

Learn what expts teach us about the origin of matter

Summary

I. Baryonic Matter & Electroweak Baryogenesis

II. Dark Matter

Can TeV scale new physics explain the abundance of matter ?

Highly interdisciplinary problem



Precision, sensitivity…

•Precision: details of the interactions and spectrum essential

• Energy: multi-TeV mass reach may be needed

• Astro/Cosmo: relic , e+ , GW…

• Theory: Non-equilibrium & finite-T QFT, model-building, many-body & nonperturbative QCD, collider phenomenology…

Back Matter

Fast, but not too fast



d = vw (k / << 1

p = p / << 1

= / T << 1

Thermal, but not too dissipative

Plural, but not too flavored

coll = coll / << 1

osc = / T << 1



ATLAS Exclusion: mSUGRA/CMSSM

arXiv: 1102.5290

“Strong” 1st order EWPT

Preserve YB

initial

Preserve YB

initialBubble nucleation

The Simplest Extension

Model

Independent Parameters:

v0, x0, 0, a1, a2, b3, b4

H-S MixingH1 ! H2H2

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Stable S (dark matter?)

• Tree-level Z2 symmetry: a1=b3=0 to prevent s-h mixing and one-loop s hh

• x0 =0 to prevent h-s mixingxSM EWPT:


Production Decay

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EDMs & Schiff Moments

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Schiff Moment in 199Hg Nuclear & hadron structure

EDMs: QCD & Many-Body Theory

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Schiff Screening


Liu et al: New formulation of Schiff operator

+ …

Role of nuclear correlations

Non-minimal Solutions (SUSY)

Nature of DM & its interactions

Origin of the BAU

Gauge hierarchy

EWPO & mH

Origin of m

“Minimal” : 105 new parameters

Additional complications:

• Why is ~ Mweak ?

• Why little flavor & CPV ?

• Origin of params in Lsoft ?

• MSUSY < TeV (hierarchy)

• Bino-Higgsino-like LSP (DM)

• Light RH stop ( m < 125 GeV)

• M1 ~

ϕ ϕ

Minimal Solutions (non-SUSY)

Nature of DM & its interactions

Origin of the BAU

Gauge hierarchy

EWPO & mH

Origin of m

Extra Scalars Extra Fermions

EWPT & DM: New Scalars

Gauge Interactions

No Gauge Interactions

Simplest: 1 new dof

Next Simplest: 2 new dof

Focus: Key parameters for cosmo & LHC pheno

Complex Singlet (cxSM):DM, BAU, and mH / EWPO

H-S Mixing, Reduced BRs, & SI

Real Singlet (xSM):DM or BAU-mH / EWPO

BAU: H-S Mixing & Reduced BRs

DM: Reduced BRs & SI

Simplest: 3 new dof (2HDM: 4 new dof)

Real Triplet SM)DM or BAU (EWPT)

DM: Charged track & SI

BAU: or bb ; Br(H!)

LHC Phenomenology

Signatures





EWPO compatible

m2 > 2 m1

m1 > 2 m2


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SM-like

SM-like w/ H2 ->H1H1 or Singlet-like

~ EWB Viable

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Probing : WBF

H ! ZZ! 4 l

H ! WW! 2j l

• Early LHC discovery possible

• Determine as low as ~ 0.5

Illustrative Study: MSSM

Neutralino Mass Matrix

M1

-

M2

-mZ cos sin W mZ cos cos W

mZ sin sin W -mZ sin sin W 0

0

0

0

-

-mZ cos sin W mZ cos cos W

mZ sin sin W -mZ sin sin WMN =

Chargino Mass Matrix

M2

MC =

cos2mW

sin2mWT << TEW : mixing

of H,W to ~ ~ ~ ~

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of H,W from

background field

~~

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?

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CPV

Resonant CPV: M1,2 ~

sin ϕ Arg(M1b*) = Arg(M2b*)

Quantum Transport & Baryogenesis

Particle Propagation: Beyond familiar (Peskin) QFT

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Assumptions: 1. Evolution is adiabatic2. Spectrum is non-degenerate3. Density is zero

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φ(x)

Electroweak Baryogenesis 1. Evolution is non-adiabatic: vwall > 0 -> decoherence

2. Spectrum is degenerate: T > 0 -> Quasiparticles mix

3. Density is non-zero

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˜ G (x,y) = Pϕ a (x)ϕ b* (y) τ ab =

G t (x,y) −G<(x,y)

G>(x, y) −G t (x,y)

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Generalized Green F’ns • Spectral degeneracies• Non-adiabaticity

Non-equilibrium T>0 Evolution

Quantum Transport & Baryogenesis

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ϕ new

?

φ(x)

Electroweak Baryogenesis 1. Evolution is non-adiabatic: vwall > 0 -> decoherence

2. Spectrum is degenerate: T > 0 -> Quasiparticles mix

3. Density is non-zero

Scale Hierarchy:

Fast, but not too fast



d = vw (k / << 1

p = p / << 1

= / T << 1

Work to lowest, non-trivial order in ’s

Error is O () ~ 0.1

Cirigliano, Lee, R-M

Systematically derive transport eq’s from Lnew

Competing Dynamics

CPV

Ch eq

Cirigliano, Lee,Tulin, R-M

Complex Singlet: EWB & DM?

Barger, Langacker, McCaskey, R-M Shaugnessy



Key features for EWPT & DM: (1) Softly broken global U(1)

(2) Closes under renormalization

(3) SSB leading to two fields: S that mixes w/ h and A is stable (DM)

Controls CDM& EWPT

No domain walls DM mass

Complex Singlet: EWB & DM

Barger, Langacker, McCaskey, R-M, Shaugnessy 2 controls CDM& EWPT







MH1 = 120 GeV, MH2=250 GeV, x0=100 GeV

Complex Singlet: Direct Detection

Barger, Langacker, McCaskey, R-M, Shaugnessy Two component case (x0=0)

Little sensitivity of scaled SI to







EDMs & EWB: Universal PhasesArg(M1b*) = Arg(M2b*)

Lower panels: entropy rescaling

Present & prospective de constraints





Cirigliano, Li, Profumo, R-M 0910.4589

+-driven EWB

0-driven EWB

EDMs in SUSY

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Two-loop

EDM only: no chromo-EDM

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Weinberg: small matrix el’s

Decouple in large limit

EDMs in SUSY: Full Two-Loop

Higgs Boson Masses







Li, Profumo, R-M: PRD 78:075009 (2008)



WH Loops dominate for neutron & comparable to H, A for electron



mA=300 GeV, =300 GeV, M2=2M1=290 GeV

Key Results: MSSM & Beyond

3. Three-body interactions (typically) drive particle number transfer

4. RH b (s)quark and tau (s)lepton Yukawa interactions critical

Yb,(susy) / Yb,(sm) = tan



Presence of light sbottoms and staus can quench YB or change its sign

our Y

previous Y

gH

tLtLtR


Key Results: MSSM & Beyond, cont.

5. Superpartners are generally in equilibrium: “superequilibrium”

Supergauge interactions


are needed to see this picture.Chain of Yukawa interactions

No supergauge

No 3rd gen sleptons

Full results

Exact supereqChung, Garbrecht, R-M, Tulin ‘09

Illustrative Study: MSSM

Supergauge Interactions

Particle Number Changing Reactions: Yukawa Interactions

Dominant in SM

Enhanced for moderate tan

“Superequilibrium”:




Bubble interior

Bubble exterior

CPV

Quantum Transport Equations

= + + …

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Expand in d,p,

Currents

CP violating sources Links CP violation in Higgs

and baryon sectors

Chiral Relaxation

Strong sphalerons

Producing nL = 0

• SCPV

• M , H , Y , SS

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X 0∫∫From S-D Equations:

• SCPV

• M , H , Y …

Riotto, Carena et al, R-M et al, Konstandin et al

R-M et al

Objectives:

• Determine param dep of SCPV and all s and not just that of SCPV

• Develop general methods for any model with new CPV

• Quantify theor uncertainties

Approximations

• Neglect O() terms

• Others under scrutiny

R-M, Chung, Tulin, Garbrecht, Lee, Cirigliano

• Y >> other rates? (No)

• Majorana fermions ? (densities decouple)

• Particle-sparticle eq? (usually)

• Vev resummation ?

EDMs: Theory

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Electron


Neutron

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Neutral Atoms

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QCD

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Neutron EDM from LQCD:

Two approaches:

• Expand in & average over topological sectors (Blum et al, Shintani et al)

• Compute E for spin up/down nucleon in background E field (Shintani et al)

mN=2.2 GeV

QCD SR (Pospelov et al)

Hadronic couplings

Pospelov et al:

PCAC + had models & QCD SR

ChPT for dn: van Kolck et al

Schiff Screening


EDMs & Schiff Moments

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Engel & de Jesus: Reduced isoscalar sensitivity ( QCD )

Schiff Moment in 199Hg Nuclear & hadron structure

Liu et al: New formulation of Schiff operator

+ …

New nuclear calc’s needed

Dark Matter: Future Experiments

Cirigliano, Profumo, R-M

Assumes CD

M

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Dark Matter: Neutrinos in the Sun

SUGRA: M2 ~ 2M1 AMSB: M1 ~ 3M2

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˜ χ 0Neutralino-driven baryogenesis

Dark Matter: Relic Abundance

SUGRA: M2 ~ 2M1 AMSB: M1 ~ 3M2

LEP II Exclusion

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~±ji χχ ~,~0

ZW ,

ZW , too fast

Neutralino-driven baryogenesis

Non-thermal

Phenomenology: EWPO

Electroweak Precision Observables (EWPO)

Oblique parameters

Similar for S,U…

SM: global fit favors light scalar (mh~ 85 GeV)

Phenomenology: EWPO cont’d

Electroweak Precision Observables (EWPO)

Oblique parameters

Global fit (GAPP)

• Fix mH=114 GeV & fit S,T,U

• Require

O(m1 , m2 , sin ) - OSM

to lie inside 95% CL ellipse

SUSY Baryogenesis & Colliders

Prospective dePresent dePresent de Prospective de

LHC reach

Present de Prospective de

LHC reach

ILC reach

Symmetry Breaking

Two Cases for <S>at high T:

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φ

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φ

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F

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S

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Vmin = 0

Vmin = V0 < 0

Electroweak Symmetry Breaking

Critical Temperature

LEP allowed models: TC ~ 100 GeV

|V0| / TC4 << 1

Extending the Higgs Sector

GUTs: SU(5) example

+ L soft

SUSY Beyond the MSSM

Fileviez Perez, Patel, R-M

Ando, Barger, Langacker, Profumo, R-M, Shaugnessy, Tulin

Documents

Electric Dipole Moments, the LHC, and the Origin of Matter M.J. Ramsey-Musolf Wisconsin-Madison NPAC