Electric Buses: Everything is Changing - Oradea.ro RO_Solaris_Electric... · 2 1. Solaris Zero Emission bus philosophy Solaris with the suppliers has a proper knowledge and experience,

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Solaris Bus & Coach

Electric Buses: Everything is Changing

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1. Solaris Zero Emission bus philosophy

Solaris with the suppliers has a proper knowledge and experience, which allows to built the electric bus with specific Client’s requirements

1499 vehicles with electric drivetrain (including production in progress)

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Inowrocław Berlin

Düsseldorf

Oberhausen

Warszawa

Battery buses charged by pantograph or induction

Battery buses with fuel cell range extender

Cagliari

Castellón de la Plana

Eberswalde

Esslingen am Neckar

Gdynia

Landskrona

Lublin

Roma

Includes long-term trials and orders.

Ostrava Kraków

Västerås

Jaworzno

Ostrołęka

Klagenfurt

Braunschweig

Plzep

Hamburg

Dresden

Hannover

Paris

Barcelona

Battery buses charged by cable and plug

Zero-emission buses with in-motion charging

Tampere

Solaris is a partner in the European Union‘s ZeEUS and ELIPTIC projects


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For Solaris electric buses are:

Hybrid buses

Plug-in hybrid buses

Trolleybuses

Hybrid trolleybuses

Battery electric buses

Overnight charging

Conductive charging

Inductive charging

Range extension with fuel cells


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To drive electric we need:

electric bus

charging infrastructure

Solaris is ready to supply both

2. Solaris Urbino Electric – general information

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Low-floor city bus with electric drive Zero-emission vehicles Modular drive technology Different ways of battery charge

Solaris Urbino electric


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ERGONOMIC DISTRIBUTION OF ROOF

EQUIPMENT: AIR-CONDITIONING AND

BATTERIES

CHARGING SYSTEMS:

plug-in

pantograph

induction

fuel cell

NEW CONSTRUCTION FOR ADDED

STRENGHT AND REDUCED WEIGHT

BATTERIES:

High Energy: 80, 160, 200, 240 kWh

High Power: 50, 75, 100, 125 kWh

Inductive charging: 60, 90, 120 kWh

• ELECTRIC PORTAL AXLE

• CENTRAL MOTOR

LIGHTWEIGHT ELEMENTS OF SIDE

PANELLING SCREWED ON PLACE

NEW EDGE DESIGN

SPACIOUS AND INVITING INTERIOR

ERGONOMIC DRIVER’S

CABIN WITH INNOVATIVE

TOUCHSCREEN

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Urbino Electric is available in most popular bus lengths:

Midibus (8.9 metres, low entry)

Standard bus (12 metres, low floor)

Articulated bus (18 metres, low floor)


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nE12

Traction batteries

Traction container

Pantograph

Resistor


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Battery specification

Cell

Pack

8 modules

Module

Traction batteries

2–6 packs

3. Solaris Urbino Electric – battery solutions

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Charging power possibilities

2-5 batteries 50–125 kWh

LFP


LTO

Max charging power

DC

240 kW

200 kW

160 kW

120 kW

80 kW

pantograph

Max charging power

DC

450 kW

400 kW

300 kW

200 kW


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Charging power possibilities


LFP


LTO

Max charging power

DC

80 kW

40 kW

20 kW

plug-in

SBC Standard

AC DC


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1 kWh ~10 ÷ 20 kg

Traction battery weight


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DepoCharger

High Energy batteries

High Power batteries

DepoCharger

CityCharger

LowPower

LowPower

HighPower

large battery packs = less passengers

small battery packs = more pasengers


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• Solaris in cooperation with group of European bus producers and charging infrastructure suppliers have agreed to make universal charging systems

• Main aim of the project is guarantee the open charging interface for the electric vehicles and create universal and reliable system for chargers and buses from different manufacturers. PLUG-IN

PANTOGRAPH

Open charging infrastructure

4. Solaris Urbino Electric - avaiable charging solutions

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Plug-in Pantograf Induction

16 – 80 kW CCS up to 450 kW 200 kW

Simple Low cost Requires handling Slow / fast charging

Automatic operation Resonable cost Quite simple solution Other opt. possible

Automatic operation Contactless Most expensive Other opt. possible


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PLUG IN E BUS CHARGERS

AC

DC

DC/AC

DC-S DC-M DC-F CC-M CC-F CC-UF.4

AC

DC

DepoChargers CityChargers

*- The average charging time of 125 kWh LTO (battery efficiency not included)

The average

charging time :

Effective

output power 20 kW 40 kW 80 kW 200 kW 300 kW 450 kW

6 h 3 h 1.5 h 40 min 25 min 16 min


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E-BUS CHARGERS

DC-S DC-M DC-F CC-M CC-F CC-UF.4

*- The average charging time of 125 kWh LTO (battery efficiency not included)

The average charging time :

Effective output power

20 kW 40 kW 80 kW 200 kW 300 kW 450 kW

6 h 3 h 1.5 h 40 min 25 min 16 min

~20 km* ~30 km* ~45 km*

10min


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DepoCharger

0-100% SOC

8,8 h

0-100% SOC

4,5 h

0-100% SOC

2,3 h

160 kWh

160 kWh

160 kWh

32 A*

63 A*

125 A*

Fuse

32 A

Fuse

63 A

Fuse

125 A

AC

DC

AC

DC

AC

DC

DepoCharger-Slow

DepoCharger-Medium

DepoCharger-Fast

COMBO**

**CCS 125 A - IEC 61851-23, IEC 61851-24, IEC 62196-3

COMBO**

COMBO**

Power grid side Bus side

*3P+N+PE, 3x400 V AC 50 Hz


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Power grid side Bus side

47,15 km* 10 min

Fuse

630 A

AC

DC

contact hood** . CityCharger-UltraFast

plug-in optional

* 1,2 kWh/km

** IEC 61851-23, IEC 61851-24, IEC 62196-3

City Charger


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City Charger

CHARGER

CONTACT HOOD


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Energy consumption of traction & accessories depending on the temperature - theoretical calculation data

Temp [°C]

Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, Low Voltage, High Voltage

traction

accessories

5. Electric Bus operation environment

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Weather conditions

5. Electric Bus operation environment

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100 000 citizens

0x 60x

8,4 GWh/year

Energy demand - city

(70 000 km/year x 2 kWh/km x 60 units)

(1,68% of 500 GWh)

Annual energy demand

1,5 ÷ 4 h 60x

50 kW

(60 units x 50 kW)

(5,3% of 57 077 kW)

Average power demand

500 GWh/year

57 077 kW

100 000 population 60x

3 000 kW

24x

(24 units x 450 kW x 0,5 (simultaneity

factor)

57 077 kW

100 000 population

450 kW

<10 min

60x

5 400 kW (9,5% of 57 077 kW)

- power supply availability

- local permanent power supply

possibilities

6. Electric Bus – energy demand

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What are the components of the route profile?

• line topography,

• single route length,

• average commercial speed,

• average / median distance between the stops

• Google Maps route.

7. Frequently Asked Questions

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Why Google Maps route or GPS coordinates are useful?

While we have bus route in Google Maps or with GPS coordinates, we can analyze the line more accurately.


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What do we understand as charging possibilities?

As charging possibilities we understand:

• preferred and possible charging methods (pantograph/plug-in/induction)

• preferred and possible charging points (i.e. in the city – locations, in the depot only)

• available power supply(-ies) and voltage


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What is single charge range?

Single charge range – it is a distance bus can cover on one charge when is fully charged

Single charge range depends on weather conditions (including ambient temperature), route profile and battery state of health


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Single charge range determines a emergency

drive possiblity without any significant impact on

the schedule in case of charger fault for several

number of courses

Why single charge range is important even for opportunity charging?

city


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Long single charge range requires a significant amount of the energy.

What does Bus Operator has to consider?


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Driving electric vehicle is almost the same as in standard Diesel bus, however driving style has a great impact on vehicle’s range. It is necessary to learn how to drive efficiently (so called eco-driving) and how to use regenerative braking.

Maintenance training on electric buses is extremely important – they are not more complicated, they are slightly different, specially propulsion part.

Is there special training required for drivers and mechanics?


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What are the benefits of operating electric buses?

• zero-emission in operation area for the people and the environment

• more ecomomical to operate

• electric buses are operating on domestic energy sources

• significantly reduced strong vibrations

• strongly reduced noise

• constant, high torque available from the start

• high efficency components

• LCC is very competitive to standard Diesel bus for the proper dedicated configuration for the specific conditions


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We use following lithium-ion batteries in our buses:

• LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate) – recommended for overnight charging or opportunity charging with long single charge range

• LTO (Lithium Titanite Oxide) – recommended for fast-opportunity charging and high daily mileages

What types of the batteries do we use in our buses?


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Bus will not be able to continue its operation.

What happens if bus runs out of energy before returning home?


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Battery packs are connected in parallel – bus can still run if of battery packs fail (minimum 2 packs required). In standard solution we can offer up to 4 battery packs for E8.9 or up to 6 battery packs for E12 or E18.

What is configuration of the batteries?


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Solaris produces batteries in close cooperation with the same, experienced partners, which assures high quality at the cell and pack levels.

What is the quality of the batteries?


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As a cycle we define full charge and discharge. Unfortunately it is impossible to achieve full cycle in real-world conditions.

What is the battery cycle?

BA

TT

ER

Y

CU

RR

EN

T

TIME

WARRANTY CYCLE

@25⁰C ambient

BA

TT

ER

Y

CU

RR

EN

T

TIME

REAL DRIVE CYCLE

@-20 - +30⁰C ambient


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Lithium-ion batteries offered by Solaris have a significantly longer lifetime than acid or NiMH batteries. In standard, European conditions we expect:

- 3 300 warranty cycles for LFP batteries

- 5 years for LTO batteries, regardless no. of cycles

How long do batteries last?


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• earth and control connection

• high safety

• high energy transfer possible

• active vertical & horizontal movement of pantograph arm & head

• fixed contact funnel

Why do we recommend 5-pole pantograph?


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In standard configuration our buses can go up to 80 km/h

How fast can an electric bus go?


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Electric buses do not have a transmission, acceleration is very smooth. Maximum, constant torque is avaialble from the start.

Do electric buses have a transmission?


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Regenerative braking is one of the best and unique things in electric vehicles. While vehicle is slowing down, motor turns into generator, adding electricity to the battery. Sudden stopping reduces or eliminates energy generation, however slowing down gradually helps to retreive a noticeable amount of the energy and increase the brake life.

What is regenerative breaking?


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Yes, electric bus can operate up hills, however operation is limited by a steep grade (as well as in Diesel buses). It has to be considered the terrain has a significant impact on range of the vehicle as well as lifetime of the batteries.

Can electric buses operate up hills?


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Hannover, Germany

3 Urbino 12 electric with pantograph opportunity charging

Medcom power electronics ▪ Schunk pantograph charging system 125 kWh batteries ▪ ZF electric drive axle

üstra routes 100/200 inner-city circular services

Architectural integration of charging mast in cityscape

125 kWh lithium-titanite batteries for rapid recharge with up to 450 kW charging power

Project partners üstra Hannoversche Verkehrsbetriebe ▪ Region Hannover ▪ Enercity Contracting

Co-funded by German Federal Ministry of Environment as part of the Erneuerbar mobil programme

8. Solaris Urbino Electric – selected projects

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Barcelona, Spain


Medcom power electronics ▪ Schunk pantograph charging system 125 kWh batteries ▪ central motor

TMB core route as part of operator‘s high-frequency network

125 kWh lithium-titanite batteries for rapid recharge with 400 kW charging power

Project partners Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona ▪ Endesa ▪ Enide Solutions ▪ Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya ▪ Idiada Automotive Technology ▪ Grupo Mecanica del Vuelo Sistemas

Co-funded by European Commission, Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport under the 7th Research & Innovation Framework Programme as part of the ZeEUS project, led by UITP


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Dresden, Germany



DVB route 79 Mickten – Übigau

Short, 5.2 km route with one opportunity charging point

Focus on proof of charging technology reliability

Project partners Dresdner Verkehrsbetriebe ▪ Dresden University of Technology

Co-funded by German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure as part of the Schaufenster Elektromobilität programme


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Oberhausen, Germany



STOAG routes 962 (Sterkrade – Kleekamp) & 966 (Sterkrade – central station)

Key focus on electricity supply to charging stations

Charging stations fed from substation (at Sterkrade Neumarkt) and directly from tram catenary (at Sterkrade station)

Project partners Stadtwerke Oberhausen ▪ Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr ▪ RWTH Aachen University

Co-funded by Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr

Supported by European Commission, Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport under Horizon 2020 as part of the ELIPTIC project, led by Free Hanseatic City of Bremen


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Jaworzno, Poland


Medcom power electronics ▪ Schunk pantograph charging system 160 kWh batteries ▪ central motor

PKM route 313 Osiedle Stałe – Bory Hetmaoska and other services

First electric bus purchased by a Polish operator

Operated on various services to test suitability for fleet conversion

Project partners Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacji Miejskiej w Jaworznie ▪ Urząd Miejski w Jaworznie


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Ostrołęka, Poland

2 Urbino 8.9 LE electric

Medcom power electronics 160 kWh batteries ▪ central motor

MZK route 4 (Osiedle Sienkiewicza – Centrum – Wojciechowice) and other local services

Midibuses for flexible operation on urban services in medium-sized town (population 53,000)

Project partner Miejski Zakład Komunikacji w Ostrołęce

Co-funded by European Union under the European Regional Development Fund as part of the Masovian Voivodeship regional operational programme


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Västerås, Sweden

1 Urbino 12 electric with biogas auxiliary heating

Medcom power electronics 160 kWh batteries ▪ central motor

Västerås Lokaltrafik route 4 Brottberga – Centrum – Finnslätten

Traction batteries charged by cable and plug in depot

Auxiliary heating fuelled with compressed biogas to maintain operational range in cold winter conditions

Combination of renewable electricity and second-generation biogas makes bus effectively carbon-neutral

Project partners Västerås Lokaltrafik ▪ Sweco Environment ▪ Biogas Öst

Co-funded by European Union under the European Regional Development Fund as part of the More Baltic Biogas Bus project


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Warsaw, Poland

10 Urbino 12 electric

Medcom power electronics ▪ prepared for pantograph charging system ▪ over 200 kWh batteries ▪ central motor

ZTM/MZA routes 168 (Mokotów – Witolin) & 222 (Mokotów – Old Town via Royal Route)

Largest fleet of electric buses in Central Europe

Initially charged by plug and cable, with provision for retrofit of pantograph charging system

Project partners Miejskie Zakłady Autobusowe w Warszawie ▪ Warsaw Public Transport Authority ▪ Warsaw University of Technology ▪ Automotive Industry Institute ▪ RWE Stoen Operator

Co-funded by European Commission, Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport under the 7th Research & Innovation Framework Programme as part of the ZeEUS project, led by UITP


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Hamburg, Germany

2 Urbino 18.75 electric with fuel cell range extender

Vossloh Kiepe power electronics ▪ Ballard fuel cells 120 kWh batteries ▪ central motor

Hochbahn Innovation Line 109 Central station – Rathausmarkt – Alsterdorf

Fuel cells augment batteries for all-day zero-emission operation

Recharging and refuelling only in depot

Project partner Hamburger Hochbahn

Co-funded by German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure as part of the National Innovation Programme Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology, administered by NOW

Supported by Clean Energy Partnership


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Berlin, Germany

4 Urbino 12 electric with inductive opportunity charging

Vossloh Kiepe power electronics ▪ Bombardier Primove charging system ▪ 90 kWh batteries ▪ central motor

BVG route 204 Zoologischer Garten station – Südkreuz station

First inductively-charged bus route in a European capital

Dedicated website at www.e-bus.berlin with live map tracking and live environmental balance

Project partners Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe ▪ Technical University of Berlin ▪ Bombardier Transportation ▪ Vossloh Kiepe

Co-funded by German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure as part of the Schaufenster Elektromobilität programme

Supported by Berlin Agency for Electromobility


http://www.e-bus.berlin/



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Braunschweig, Germany

1 Urbino 12 electric & 4 Urbino 18 electric with inductive opportunity charging

Vossloh Kiepe ▪ Bombardier ▪ 60/90 kWh batteries ▪ central motor

Braunschweiger Verkehrs-GmbH routes M19/M29 circular services from Braunschweig central station

12 km route length ▪ 26 stops ▪ 18 km/h average speed

Charging stations also used by passenger cars

Project partners Braunschweiger Verkehrs-GmbH ▪ BS|ENERGY ▪ Technical University of Braunschweig ▪ Bombardier Transportation

Co-funded by German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure as an associated project of the Schaufenster Elektromobilität programme


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International projects

ZeEUS

• ZeEUS project focus on the today's challenge in the electrification of bus system, the extension of the fully-electric solution to a wider part of the urban network.

• This goes through the development of electric vehicles of large capacity, and the creation of an infrastructure capable of providing the required charging energy, operated according to non-disruptive and grid-balancing principles.

• The ZeEUS project will cover innovative electric bus solutions with different types of electrical power-train systems.


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Emerald

Project purpose: EMERALD focuses on energy use optimisation and on the seamless integration of the FEV into the transport and energy infrastructure, by delivering clear advances over the state-of-the-art.

EMERALD will introduce Integrated in-vehicle energy management, comprising: Dynamic energy-driven management of FEV auxiliaries, Energy-efficient long-range route planning and optimisation, Performance-centric machine learning for consumption prediction, User-centric charge and discharge management,

Solaris contribution to the Project concerns primarily participation in testing EMERALD functional system


International projects

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Thank you for your attention!

Documents

Electric Buses: Everything is Changing - Oradea.ro RO_Solaris_Electric... · 2 1. Solaris Zero Emission bus philosophy Solaris with the suppliers has a proper knowledge and experience,