ElecSteelsMagnAlloys Brochure En

Guide to electrical steels and magnetic alloys

ArcelorMittal’s global offer

Product selection guide 4

About ArcelorMittal 6

ArcelorMittal: transforming tomorrow 8

Global presence 10

A commercial office in your region 12

Service offered by our steel service centres 14

Technical support by R&D 16

Products Non-oriented electrical steels (NO) 20Grain-oriented electrical steels (GO) 40Varnishes for electrical steels (VA) 42Magnetic alloys (MA) 44Magnetic parts (MP) 48

Guide to electrical steels and magnetic alloys

3

Product selection guide

This selection guide will help you select the best ArcelorMittal steel grade for your particular application: • Non-orientedelectricalsteels(NO)• Grain-orientedelectricalsteels(GO)• Magneticalloys(MA)• Magneticparts(MP)

Having identified your particular market, you can select your type of application in the table below.Alongside each application you will find a reference to the product data sheet we recommend.

Further in this guide, you will find the product data sheets with a general description for each product:• Mainproperties• Advantages• Applications• Recommendationsforuse• Feasibilitytables

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Domestic appliances Reference

Small domestic appliances Microwave oven transformers NO1 NO2

Motors NO1 NO5 NO7

Transformers NO1

Cooking devices Controlled temperature pans MA1

Laundry & dishwashers Motors NO5

Refrigeration Compressor motors NO5

Mechanical engineering

Railways Traction motors NO1 NO2

Self-induction coils NO1 GO1

Marine engineering Propulsion engines NO1 NO2

Heavy wheeled vehicles Mining trucks wheel motors NO1 NO2

Automotive Alternators NO6

Generators MA2

Current sensors MA1 MP1

Torque sensors MA1 MP1

Linear actuators for electro-magnetic injection

MA1

Dashboard indicators & watches

MA1

Traction Electrical and hybrid vehicle traction motors and alternators

NO1 NO2 NO3

Wheel hub motors NO1 NO2

Product selection guide

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Building industry

Partition walls and panels Armour plating NO1

Lighting Ballasts NO1 NO2

Cold storage Compressor motors NO1 NO5

Aeronautics & military Reference

Power generation Generators MA2 MP1

Transformers MA2 MP1

High power/weight devices Motors MA2 MP1

Linear actuators MA2

Electrohydrostatic actuators MA2

Electromechanical actuators

MA2 MP1

High efficiency devices Motors MA1 MA2 MP1

Micromotors MA1 MP1

Sensors Synchroresolvers MA1 MP1

Magnetic shielding Magnetic shielded rooms MA1

Lighting Ballasts NO1 NO2

Cold storage Compressor motors NO1 NO5

Industry Reference

Ventilation / airco Motors for air fans NO1 NO5

Electrical equipment Low-voltage transformers NO1

Welding equipment transformers

NO1

Contactor cores NO1

Electricity meter cores NO1

Micro-motors NO3 MA1 MP1

Shielding of power lines and transformers for the distribution of electrical power

NO1 NO2

Magnetic shielded rooms MA1

Cryogenic magnetic shielding MA1

Shielding of electrolysis cells GO1

Current and potential transformers

NO1 NO2 GO1 MP1

Power transformers GO1

Distribution transformers GO1

Industrial motors Medium-power motors NO1 NO2 NO5 NO6

High-power motors NO1 NO2

Generators Medium-power generators NO1 NO2

Wind power Medium- and high-powergenerators

NO1 NO2

Hydro or turbine power stations

Medium- and high-powergenerators

NO1 NO2 NO8 NO9 GO1

Electrical engineering

Electrical safety Current sensors MA1 MP1

Relays MA1 MP1

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About ArcelorMittal

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ArcelorMittal is the world’s largest and most global integrated steel company, with over 326,000 employees in more than 60 countries. It has led the consolidation of the world steel industry and today ranks as the only truly global steelmaker.

Innovation and cooperation

Innovation plays a key role at ArcelorMittal. Notonlyisitthelargeststeelmakerbyvolumebut ArcelorMittal also offers the broadest range of steel grades, advanced products, steelsolutionsandcutting-edgetechnologies.

Close cooperation with customers – involving mutualtrust,anopen-mindedapproachandpermanent exchanges of personnel – further drives innovation and assists in the development of products and solutions that sustain their competitive edge.

ArcelorMittal is the number one supplier in all major global markets, including automotive, construction, household appliances and packaging. Its industrial presence in Europe, Asia, AfricaandAmericagivestheGroupexposureto all the key steel markets, from emerging to mature – an exposure it continues to enhance through its three dimensional growth strategy of product diversity, geographical reach and vertical integration.

With crude steel production of 103.3 million tonnes, representing around 10% of world steel output, ArcelorMittal generated revenues of US$ 124.9 billion in 2008.

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ArcelorMittal: transforming tomorrow

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We know that our position in the steel industry brings unique responsibilities. We are committed to setting globally recognised standards with the needs of future generations in mind.

Ourgoalistoprovidetheleadershipthatwilltransform tomorrow’s steel industry. We have a clear vision of the future, underpinned by a consistent set of values:

Sustainability

We are guiding the evolution of steel to secure the best future for the industry and for generations to come. Ourcommitmenttotheworldaroundusextends beyond the bottom line, to include the people in whom we invest, the communities we support and the world in which we operate. This long-termapproachiscentraltoourbusinessphilosophy.

Quality

We look beyond today to envision the steel of tomorrow. Because quality outcomes depend on quality people, we seek to attract and nurture the best people to deliver superior solutions to our customers.

Leadership

We are visionary thinkers, creating opportunities every day. This entrepreneurial spirit brought us to the forefrontofthesteelindustry.Now,wearemoving beyond what the world expects of steel.

*NO: Non-oriented electrical steelsCRML:ColdrolledmotorlaminationsGO: Grain-oriented electrical steelsMA:MagneticalloysMP:Magneticparts

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. Electrical steels production plants Products* Online information on

ArcelorMittal Eisenhüttenstadt NO Germany www.arcelormittal.com/fce

ArcelorMittal Florange NO France www.arcelormittal.com/fce

ArcelorMittal Fos-sur-Mer NO France www.arcelormittal.com/fce

ArcelorMittal Gent NO Belgium www.arcelormittal.com/fce

ArcelorMittal Frýdek-Místek GO Czech Republic www.arcelormittal.com/fce

ArcelorMittal Sestao NO Spain www.arcelormittal.com/fce

ArcelorMittal St Chély d’Apcher NO France www.arcelormittal.com/fce

ArcelorMittal Inox Brasil NO/GO Brazil www.arcelormittalinoxbrasil.com.br

ArcelorMittal Hennepin CRML USA www.arcelormittal.com

ArcelorMittal Hamilton CRML Canada www.arcelormittal.com

; Magnetic alloys production plants Products* Online information on

ArcelorMittal Imphy MA France www.arcelormittal.com/stainlessandnickelalloys

ArcelorMittal Montargis MP France www.arcelormittal.com/stainlessandnickelalloys

ArcelorMittal Imhua MP China www.arcelormittal.com/stainlessandnickelalloys

. Steel service centres Online information on

ArcelorMittal Distribution Solutions Italia, Monza Italy www.arcelormittal.com

ArcelorMittal Distribution Solutions Italia, Marcon Italy www.arcelormittal.com

ArcelorMittal Distribution Solutions France, Reims France www.arcelormittal.com

ArcelorMittal Stainless and Nickel Alloys Service Clichy France www.arcelormittal.com/stainlessandnickelalloys

ArcelorMittal Inox Brasil Serviços Campinas Brazil www.arcelormittalinoxbrasil.com.br

Research centres Products* Online information on

ArcelorMittal R&D Industry Gent NO/GO Belgium www.ocas.be

ArcelorMittal Imphy MA France www.arcelormittal.com/stainlessandnickelalloys

ArcelorMittal Inox Brasil NO/GO Brazil www.arcelormittalinoxbrasil.com.br

ArcelorMittal East Chicago CRML USA www.arcelormittal.com

Global presence Electrical steels production plant . Magnetic alloys production plant ; Steel service centre . R&D centre

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12

.Electrical steels: central commercial offices

Location Address E-mail

Europe France (Paris) 5, rue Luigi Cherubini, F-93212 La Plaine Saint-Denis (Paris) - France

[email protected]

South America Brazil (São Paulo) Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 1355, 20 andar, Jd Paulistano, 01452-919, São Paulo, SP - Brazil

[email protected]

North America USA (Chicago) One South Dearborn StreetChicago IL, 60603 USAToll free phone: 1-800-422-9422

[email protected]

Other regions Luxembourg 19, avenue de la Liberté, LU-2930 Luxembourg

[email protected]

/Magnetic alloys: central commercial offices

Location Address E-mail

Europe & South America France (Paris) 5, rue Luigi Cherubini, F-93212 La Plaine Saint-Denis (Paris) - France

[email protected]

North America USA (Norristown) Pinebrook Business Center I; 2650 Eisenhower Avenue - Building A - Suite 102A, Norristown, PA 19403

[email protected]

Asia Hong Kong Room 1601, 16/F Tower 1, China Hong Kong City, 33 Canton Rd, Tsimshatsui Kowloon

[email protected]

Electrical steels: Central commercial office .

Electrical steels: Local commercial office .

Magnetic alloys: Central commercial office / Magnetic alloys: Local commercial office /

A commercial office in your region

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Service offered by the ArcelorMittal steel service centres

Activities

• Slittingcoilsinallpossiblewidths• Cuttingsheetstolength• Punchinglaminations,eitherassuchor

assembled into stacks, with or without thermalpost-treatment

• Applyingacupperwindingorinjectingaluminium into the rotor or stator slots

• Fittingofaxlesintothemachines

Service

ArcelorMittal Distribution Solutions can provide customers with the magnetic, mechanical and thermal properties of the magnetic materials used.

BackedupbyArcelorMittalGroupexpertiseinelectrical steels, the steel service centres are abletoprovideawiderangeof“tailor-made”solutionsaswellas“just-in-time”deliveries.

In addition, the steel service centres also offer customers assistance in selecting the best material and process for their application.

The steel service centres within ArcelorMittal Distribution Solutions offer a wide range of activities and services for electrical steels:

Forthelocationsofthesteelservicecentres,see page 10.

Forfurtherinformationabouttheproductrangeand the service offered, please consult the overview of the commercial contacts on page 12.

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ArcelorMittal R&D has proven experience in:

• Modellinganddesignofelectromagneticsystems

• Optimisedelectricalsteelgradeselection• Advancedmaterialcharacterisation

techniques• Tailor-mademagneticmeasurementtoolsfor

laboratory or production line

Improve your efficiency

ArcelorMittal R&D validates numerical simulations bycomparingthesewiththeresultsofin-houseexperiments.Ourlaboratoriesarefullyequippedto assess the electromagnetic properties of your materials or magnetic cores. In addition to standard measurements based on Epstein frames and single sheet testers, we can perform advanced characterisation using your specific magnetic circuit or your excitation conditions (PWM,harmonicsetc).Ourengineersandresearchershaveexperienceinmodelling electromagnetic behaviour of electrical machines, transformers or other systems. ArcelorMittal R&D has many years of experience in optimising designs, providing cost saving solutions with enhanced efficiency. ArcelorMittal R&D can deliver a detailed report listing all simulations and experiments as well

Technical support & services offered by ArcelorMittal’s network of Research & Development centres

as a clear interpretation of results obtained and recommendations for further improvement. We help you, for example, to identify the best combination between the electrical steel grade and your equipment design, resulting in lower energy dissipation and enhanced permeability at reduced cost.

Easy monitoring of your product performance and rapid quality control

ArcelorMittalR&Dcansupplystandardortailor-made advanced magnetic measuring systems (AMMS)availableindifferentconfigurations:• “AMMSLab”forlaboratorytesting• “AMMSOnline”forcontinuous

characterisation of electromagnetic properties of steel strip

Alldevicesorderedincludeon-siteinstallation,training and maintenance plan.

ArcelorMittal R&D offers a full package of R&D services

Inadditiontoourco-designandco-engineeringservices in the field of electrical machinery, ArcelorMittal R&D also offers:• R&Dpartnership• Rapidprototyping• Problemsolving• Metallurgicalprocessing• Materialcharacterisation• Training

We offer advanced technology and innovative research within a framework of confidentiality.

ForanoverviewoftheArcelorMittalR&Dcentresinthisarea,seetheoverviewonpage10.

Your benefits:

Fullrangeofservices• Co-developmentofnewproductsbasedon

combining optimised design and selection of the most appropriate electrical steel grade

• Advancedmaterialcharacterisationmethodsin our laboratory

• Costsavingnumericalfiniteelementmodelling of electromagnetic behaviour of yourapplications(largematerialsdatabasewithforexamplemagneticproperties)

• Qualitycontrolbymeansofadvancedmagnetic measurement systems

Provenmaterialsexpertise• Extensiveknowledgeofelectricalsteel

grades,grain-orientedandnon-oriented• Expertiseinvariousfieldsofapplication:

power generation, asynchronous machines, permanentmagnetapplications,electro-magnetic valves and actuators, automotive applications, transformers

Skilledstaffandtopclassequipment• In-houselaboratoryassessmenttools• Associatedtechnologies,includingadvanced

characterisation techniques in the field of chemistry and physical testing

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Non-oriented electrical steels (NO) NO1 Fully processed conventional grades 20NO2 Fully processed high permeability and high thermal conductivity grades 24NO3 Fully processed high frequency grade 26NO4 Fully processed high strength grades 28NO5 Semi-processed grades, including Cold Rolled Motor Laminations 30NO6 Semi-processed high permeability grades 32NO7 Steels with guaranteed punchability Easy Punch 34NO8 Cold rolled pole sheet grades 36NO9 Hot rolled pole sheet grades 38

Grain-oriented electrical steels (GO) GO1 Grain-oriented conventional grades 40

Varnishes for electrical steels (VA) 42

Magnetic alloys (MA) MA1 Iron-nickel alloys 44MA2 Iron-cobalt alloys 46

Magnetic parts (MP) 48

Products

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Tosupplytherequiredleveloftractionforthishugeminingtruck,fourelectricalmotorsareneeded:oneforeachwheel.

NO1

Fully processed conventional grades

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NO1

Fully processed conventional grades

The thin lowest loss grades such as the M230-30A,M210-35AortheM235-35Aareofparticularinterestforhigh-efficiencyorhigh-powerdensitymachines.Forhigh-speedmachines in particular, optimal compromises between mechanical strength and low eddy current losses have been worked out.Thicker low loss grades are the choice for large power generators: their high utilisation rate demands the highest possible machine efficiency (hencelowlosses),withreasonablepunchingandassemblycosts(hence0.65mmor 0.50mmthickness).Thanks to the low coercive field and remanence level of low loss fully processed grades, these steels also are preferred for the production of contactors.Low loss fully processed steels are also beneficial for shielding applications at low frequencies.

Recommendations for use

The properties mentioned above are obtained without heat treatment after stamping. The material as delivered possesses all the required magnetic properties.

>>Seenextpageforthefeasibilitytables.

Fully processed electrical steels as delivered have guaranteed magnetic properties. These are obtained through careful selection of the most appropriate alloying content – in particular silicon – in combination with the most suitable thermomechanical production processes. ArcelorMittal’s state-of-the-art production facilities are equipped with in-line magnetic measurement systems, for optimal process control.

Apart from the maximum loss and minimum polarisation data cited by the standards, ArcelorMittal supplies full magnetic characterisation curves regarding losses, polarisation, permeability and apparent power at different frequencies. Other machine design parameters such as mechanical properties at different temperatures and thermal behaviour are also available on request.

Advantages

These conventional grades are available in a full product range, so that a grade can be selected according to the specific requirements of each application, from the low alloy grades with the advantage of excellent magnetic permeability, thermal conductivity and punchability to the alloyed grades with the advantage of very low losses, even at higher frequencies. A wide range of coatings is available, allowing further enhancement of punchability, reduction of interlaminar losses and improvement of corrosion protection.

Applications

Fullyprocessedsteelsaredesignedforthemanufacture of magnetic circuits for motors, transformers and other electrical equipment. The principal application fields are electrical engineering, electricity production, domestic appliances, automotive and building industries.

Non-oriented electrical steels

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Fully processed conventional grades feasibilities

NO1

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EN 10106:2007Thickness 0.30 mm 0.35 mm 0.50 mm 0.65 mm 1.00 mm

Grades M200-30A M210-35A M230-50A M310-65A M600-100A

M230-30A M235-35A M250-50A M330-65A M700-100A

M250-35A M270-50A M350-65A M800-100A

M270-35A M290-50A M400-65A M900-100A

M300-35A M310-50A M470-65A M1000-100A

M330-35A M330-50A M530-65A M1300-100A

M350-50A M600-65A

M400-50A M700-65A

M470-50A M800-65A

M530-50A M1000-65A

M600-50A

M700-50A

M800-50A

M940-50A

Grades in italic: not included in standard (yet)

JIS C2552:20000.35 mm 0.50 mm 0.65 mm

35A195 50A230 65A800

35A210 50A250 65A1000

35A230 50A270

35A250 50A290

35A270 50A310

35A300 50A350

50A400

50A470

50A600

50A700

50A800

50A1000


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CEI/IEC 60404-8-4:19980.35 mm 0.50 mm 0.65 mm 1.00 mm

M195-35A 5 M230-50A 5 M310-65A 5 M600-100A 5

M210-35A 5 M250-50A 5 M330-65A 5 M700-100A 5

M235-35A 5 M270-50A 5 M350-65A 5 M800-100A 5

M250-35A 5 M290-50A 5 M400-65A 5 M900-100A 5

M270-35A 5 M310-50A 5 M470-65A 5 M1000-100A 5

M300-35A 5 M330-50A 5 M530-65A 5 M1300-100A 5

M330-35A 5 M350-50A 5 M600-65A 5

M400-50A 5 M700-65A 5

M470-50A 5 M800-65A 5

M530-50A 5 M1000-65A 5

M600-50A 5

M700-50A 5

M800-50A 5

M940-50A 5


ASTM A 677/A677M:1999 (former AISI)

0.35/0.36 mm 0.47/0.50 mm 0.64/0.65 mm

36F145 (M15) 47F165 (M19) 64F200 (M19)

36F155 (M19) 47F180 (M22) 64F210 (M22)

36F165 (M22) 47F190 (M27) 64F225 (M27)

36F175 (M27) 47F200 (M36) 64F235 (M36)

36F185 (M36) 47F210 (M43) 64F250 (M43)

47F240 (M45) 64F275 (M45)

47F280 (M47) 64F320 (M47)

47F400 64F500

47F450 64F550

Notexactequivalences

NO2

Fully processed high permeability and high thermal conductivity grades feasibilities

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No standards availableThickness 0.30 mm 0.35 mm 0.50 mm 0.65 mm

Grades M190P-30A M195P-35A M330P-50A M470P-65A

M330P-35A M350P-50A

M400P-50A

M400XP-50A

M470P-50A

NO2

Fully processed high permeability and high thermal conductivity grades

Applications

High permeability is particularly useful for applications such as ballasts and motors, because it makes it possible to build machines meeting the most stringent environmental regulations. High efficiency induction motors (e.g.EFF1oftheCEMEPclassificationorPremiumNEMAmachines)canbeachievedbyincreasing the amount of copper used, which generally leads to a larger machine, but the use of higher permeability grades can help to avoid this volume expansion.High thermal conductivity is a significant advantage for large machines, where the heat balance can be a significant power limiting factor.High thermal conductivity is a significant advantage for large machines with high frequencies.



The fully processed high permeability electrical steels have guaranteed magnetic properties significantly superior to the requirements of the standards, particularly regarding their polarisation and permeability levels.

The specific chemical composition of ArcelorMittal’s products and our thermomechanical processes result in enhanced structures and textures, which are the key to obtaining steep magnetisation curves with high saturation levels.

Full magnetic characterisation curves are available on request, as well as mechanical and thermal data. The thermal conductivity of these steels is higher than the conductivity of the fully processed conventional grades, so the heat generated in the machine due to the losses can be more easily evacuated.

Advantages

The high permeability levels of these grades allow a reduction of the magnetising current required for a given air gap flux. This increases the efficiency of the machine and also makes it possible to increase its specific power output.High thermal conductivity levels are important, since they facilitate heat evacuation from the machine.A wide range of coatings is available, allowing further enhancement of punchability, reduction of interlaminar losses and improvement of corrosion protection.


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Thesequalitiesgeneratenotonlyanincreasedefficiency,butalsoahigherspecificpowerrating,whichisanimportantaspectfortractionmotors,likethisICE-3high-speedlocomotive.

NO3

Fully processed high frequency grade feasibilities

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Thistypeofelectricalsteelismainlyusedwhenminiaturisationisunavoidable,forinstanceforaeronauticsormedicalapplications.Thispieceisusedforabreathingaid.

EN 10303:2001Thickness 0.20 mm

Grades NO 20

CEI/IEC 404-8-8:19910.20 mm

NO 20

NO3

Fully processed high frequency grade

Applications

Thisgradeisdesignedforhigh-speedrotatingmachines(100to5000Hz).Itallowsminimisation of losses due to higher harmonics and clearly increases machine efficiency in the caseofnon-sinusoidalpowersupply.This thin fully processed grade is also used when weight and volume reduction are of major importance, such as in medical, automotive or aviation applications.The higher speed applications are also more demanding in terms of mechanical behaviour, whichiswhyourNO20gradehasbeenoptimised both for yield strength and for eddy current behaviour.



This fully processed high frequency grade has guaranteed magnetic properties in accordance with the standards for medium frequency applications, concerning specifically thin electrical steels for use at frequencies of above 100 Hz. The manufacture of such thin steels – down to 0.20 mm – is particularly demanding for the cold rolling process, especially because the magnetic performance requires a high silicon content, which render the material more brittle. ArcelorMittal’s production facilities are equipped with high performance gauge, tension and flatness control systems to meet this challenge.

The standards require guaranteed loss levels at 400 Hz, but ArcelorMittal can supply full magnetic characterisation curves at various frequencies. Furthermore, mechanical properties at different temperatures and thermal behaviour are available on request.

Advantages

The high frequency electrical steel is designed to have very low loss levels, especially at high frequencies. These properties are a result of thethingaugeofthismaterial(0.20mm),itsparticular chemical composition and its specific thermomechanical processing.We offer this grade with a C5 coating, for its excellent behaviour at high temperatures, which will also allow machine repairs, and for its insulating properties.


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NO4

Fully processed high strength grades feasibilities

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Thehighstrengthvalues,combinedwithagoodlevelofmagneticproperties,makethesegradesparticularlysuitableforhigh-speedrotatingmachines.

No standards availableThickness 0.50 mm 0.65 mm

Grades M470YS-50A M500YS-65A

NO4

Fully processed high strength grades

Applications

The high strength values, combined with low losses and good permeability, make these grades particularlysuitableforhigh-speedrotatingmachines. The yield strength is a particularly important property when the teeth have to withstand both strong electromagnetic forces and the mechanical forces resulting from high-speedoperation.Rotorswithimbeddedpermanent magnets in synchronous machines and the teeth of machines with concentrated windings will also benefit from higher mechanical strength.



Fully processed high strength grades have not only guaranteed magnetic properties but also guaranteed mechanical properties. A typical characteristic of these grades is the higher strength values compared to the conventional grades, both at room temperature and at higher temperature operating conditions. These are obtained through adequate modifications in ArcelorMittal’s fully processed electrical steel production process, resulting in an optimal combination of magnetic and mechanical performance.

Full magnetic characterisation curves at different frequencies as well as thermal behaviour data are available on request.

Advantages

These high strength grades withstand stronger mechanical forces than the conventional grades. They are therefore an excellent compromise when both high mechanical strength and low magnetic losses are required.A wide range of coatings is available, allowing further enhancement of punchability, reduction of interlaminar losses and improvement of corrosion protection.


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Grades M470YS-50A M500YS-65A

Semi-processed grades, including Cold Rolled Motor Laminations feasibilities

NO5

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EN 10341:2006Thickness 0.50 mm 0.65 mm 0.70 mm 0.80 mm 1.00 mm

Grades M340-50K M390-65K M1000-70K M1200-80K M1300-100K

M390-50K M450-65K M1800-100K

M450-50K M520-65K

M560-50K M630-65K

M660-50K M800-65K

M890-50K M1000-65K

M1050-50K M1200-65K


ASTM A683/A726:20050.47/0.50 mm 0.56 mm 0.64/0.65 mm 0.71/0.70 mm 0.79/0.80 mm

47S190/47D190 56D260 64S220 71D410 79D450

47D215 56D310 64S230 71D480 79D540

47D270 56D380 64D260 71D550 79D610

47D330 64D290

47D380 64D360

64D430

64D490

Notexactequivalences;otherCRMLgaugesandloss/permlevelsavailable

CEI/IEC 60404-8-3:2005Thickness 0.50 mm 0.65 mm 0.70 mm 0.80 mm 1.00 mm

Grades M340-50K5 M390-65K5 M1000-70K5 M1200-80K5 M1300-100K5

M390-50K5 M450-65K5 M1800-100K5

M450-50K5 M520-65K5

M560-50K5 M630-65K5

M660-50K5 M800-65K5

M890-50K5 M1000-65K5

M1050-50K5 M1200-65K5


NO5

Semi-processed grades, including Cold Rolled Motor Laminations

Applications

Non-alloyedsemi-processedelectricalsteelsaredesigned for small industrial motors, ventilators and domestic appliances such as washing machine motors, microwave oven transformers and refrigerator compressors.Alloyedsemi-processedelectricalsteelsaredesigned for similar higher efficiency versions of these applications, as they have lower losses while the permeability remains at a good level.


The punching process needs to be carried out with an appropriate lubricant, which must be selected carefully, especially in the case of the alloyedsemi-processedgrades.

As delivered, semi-processed electrical steel grades do not have guaranteed magnetic properties. After the laminations are punched, they need to be heat-treated by the customer to develop their magnetic properties. This final annealing treatment reduces losses and improves permeability and polarisation, as a result of recrystallisation, grain growth and for certain grades also decarburisation.

The semi-processed standards describe reference annealing cycles which allow the development of these properties. These reference cycles are applied in ArcelorMittal’s labs to validate the ability of our materials to achieve the required magnetic performance.

Advantages

Thepunchabilityofthesemi-processedgradeshas been optimised by the application of an optimisedfinalskin-passreduction,afterthecoldrollingandannealingprocess.Skin-passingproduces a controlled surface roughness, ensuring good material behaviour in the punching presses. This roughness also prevents the strips from sticking in the customer’s final annealing treatment. Regarding the magnetic performance,theskin-passalsoplaysanimportant role by stimulating grain growth during the annealing process.Thesesemi-processedgradesareavailablenon-insulated.Thelastprocessstepofthe(decarburising)annealingtreatmentcarriedoutby the customer provides a suitable atmosphere and the right thermal conditions for blueing: the formation of an oxide film, which creates the required surface insulation layer.


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Thesesteelsaredesignedfordomesticappliances,suchaswashingmachinemotors,forsmallindustrialmotors,ventilatorsandthiselectricdrill.

Thistexturedgradehasproventoenhancetheefficiencyofindustrialmotors.

Semi-processed high permeability grades feasibilities

NO6

32


Grades M560P-50K M700P-65K

The semi-processed high permeability grades have guaranteed superior magnetic properties compared to those of the standard semi-processed grades, especially at 45° to the rolling direction. As for the standard semi-processed grades, the high permeability grades need a final annealing treatment by the customer, carried out after punching the laminations.

Advantages

Thesemi-processedhighpermeabilitygradesallow core weight reduction and increased efficiency of motors and transformers. The improved efficiency achieved reduces machine operating costs and at the same time makes them more environmentally friendly.

Applications

These grades are designed for motors, generators, transformers, convertors and ballasts where higher efficiency is required. These are available in two gauges: the 0.50 mm typeiscalledM560P-50Kandthe0.65mmtypeM700P-65K.


Considering the very high polarisation level of thesesemi-processedhighpermeabilitygradesat an angle of 45° to the rolling direction, it is preferable to design the punching process in such a way that the direction of magnetisation of the part is as nearly parallel as possible with this 45° direction.

NO6

Semi-processed high permeability gradesNon-oriented electrical steels

33

NO7

Steels with guaranteed punchability Easy Punch feasibilities

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No standards availableThickness 0.5-1.2 mm

Grades Easy Punch

NO7

Steels with guaranteed punchability Easy Punch

Applications

TheEasyPunchgradeisdesignedforsmallmachines for intermittent use:• Automotiveequipmentsuchasalternators,

windscreen wipers, window opening motors • Smalldomesticappliancessuchascoffee

grinders, mixers • Smallhand-toolssuchasdrills


The punching process needs to be carried out with an appropriate lubricant.Customers will not normally apply heat treatment after punching. Heat treatment is an option to increase the magnetic performance of EasyPunch.

The Easy Punch grade has guaranteed mechanical properties and roughness. Magnetic properties are not guaranteed, as they are not optimised in this product. Should the application require enhanced magnetic performance, other electrical steel grades in ArcelorMittal’s product range are recommended.

Advantages

ThisEasyPunchgradeisdesignedforexcellent punchability and stackability, thanks to appropriate mechanical properties and roughness. It is therefore eminently suitable for automatic stacking and assembling techniques. The excellent punchability is achieved by means ofafinalskin-passtreatment,whichproduceshighRe/Rmvalues(typicallyover0.9).EasyPunchalsofeaturesexcellentweldabilityqualities.


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TheEasyPunchgradeisdesignedforexcellentpunchabilityandstackability,idealforthisalternator.

NO8

Cold rolled pole sheet grades feasibilities

36

The cold rolled pole sheet grades are designed for large high-speed machines,becauseoftheirexcellentcombinationofmechanicalstrengthandmagneticperformance,whichmakesthemperfectforindustryapplications.

EN 10265:1995Thickness 0.65 mm 1.00 mm

Grades 250-65-TF 183 250-100-TF 183

400-65-TF 180 400-100-TF 180

JIS C2555:20000.65 mm 1.00 mm

PCYC 250 PCYC 250

PCYC 400 PCYC 400

CEI/IEC 60404-8-5:19890.65 mm 1.00 mm

250-65-TF 183 250-100-TF 183

400-65-TF 180 400-100-TF 180

NO8

Cold rolled pole sheet grades

Applications

The cold rolled pole sheet grades are designed forlargehigh-speedmachines,becauseoftheirexcellent combination of mechanical strength and magnetic performance.



Cold rolled pole sheet grades are classified according to their yield strength as described by the standards. Apart from guaranteed mechanical properties, they also have guaranteed magnetic properties, but unlike other electrical steel grades, their magnetic properties are determined under direct current (DC) conditions.

Full magnetic characterisation curves in DC and also at various frequencies are available on request, as well as thermal data.

Advantages

The high yield strength values allow these grades to withstand strong electromechanical forces. Apart from excellent DC magnetic properties significantly superior to the requirements of the standard, they also perform well regarding loss andinductionlevelsat50HzACconditions,thanks to their special chemical composition.A wide range of coatings is available, allowing further enhancement of punchability, reduction of interlaminar losses and improvement of corrosion protection.


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NO9

Hot rolled pole sheet grades feasibilities

EN 10265:1995Thickness 1.5-5.0 mm 2.0-5.0 mm 2.5-5.0 mm

Grades 250-...-TG 180 400-...-TG 179 600-…-TG 178

300-...-TG 180 450-…-TG 179 650-…-TG 178

350-...-TG 179 500-…-TG 179 700-…-TG 178

550-…-TG 178

JIS C2555:20001.5-5.0 mm 2.0-5.0 mm 2.5-5.0 mm

PCYH 250 PCYH 400 PCYH 600



PCYH 550

CEI/IEC 60404-8-5:19891.5-5.0 mm 2.0-5.0 mm 2.5-5.0 mm

250-...-TG 180 400-...-TG 179 600-…-TG 178

300-...-TG 180 450-…-TG 179 650-…-TG 178

350-...-TG 179 500-…-TG 179 700-…-TG 178

550-…-TG 178

NO9 Hot rolled pole sheet grades

Applications

Hot rolled pole sheet grades are designed for largehigh-speedmachines,becauseoftheirexcellent combination of mechanical strength and good magnetic performance. The good magnetic properties are of major importance for the performance of the pole pieces, whereas the excellent mechanical properties are needed for the rims.



Hot rolled pole sheet grades are classified according to their yield strength as described by the standards. Apart from guaranteed mechanical properties, they also have guaranteed magnetic properties, but unlike other electrical steel grades, their magnetic characterisation is determined under direct current (DC) conditions.

Advantages

The high yield strength values allow these grades to withstand strong electromechanical forces. The DC magnetic properties are excellent and significantly superior to the requirements of the standard.Hotrolledpolesheetgradesareavailablenon-insulated. They can be supplied in their hot rolled state or pickled.


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Transformersbenefitoptimallyfromtheexcellentlongitudinalmagneticpropertiesofgrain-orientedelectricalsteels.

GO1

Grain-oriented conventional grades feasibilities

40

EN 10107:2005Thickness 0.23 mm 0.27 mm 0.30 mm 0.35 mm

Grades M110-23S M115-27S M130-30S M140-35S

M125-27S M140-30S M150-35S

M130-27S M150-30S M165-35S

M140-27S


ASTM A876:2003 (former AISI)Thickness 0.23 mm 0.27 mm 0.30 mm 0.35 mm

Grades 23H070 (M3) 27H074 (M4) 30H083 (M5) 35H094 (M6)

23G045 (M3) 27G051 (M4) 30G058 (M5) 35G066 (M6)

Notexactequivalences

JIS C2553:20000.23 mm 0.27 mm 0.30 mm 0.35 mm

23G110 27G115 30G130 35G145

27G125 30G140 35G155

27G130

Not included in standard (yet); not exact equivalences in 0.35 mm

CEI/IEC 60404-8-7:20080.23 mm 0.27 mm 0.30 mm 0.35 mm

M110-23S5 M115-27S5 M130-30S5 M145-35S5

M125-27S5 M140-30S5 M155-35S5

M130-27S5 M150-30S5

M140-27S5


Transformersbenefitoptimallyfromtheexcellentlongitudinalmagneticproperties

ofgrain-orientedelectricalsteels.

Grain-oriented electrical steels GO1

Grain-oriented conventional grades

Applications

Themainapplicationofgrain-orientedsteelisinthecoreoftransformers(power,distribution,currentetc),usedfortransmissionanddistribution of electrical energy. These steels are alsousedforhydro-andturbogeneratorsforthegeneration of electrical energy.Theuseofgrain-orientedsteelsinthistypeof equipment improves their efficiency, contributing to the reduction of energy losses in the electrical system.


Forwoundcores,ArcelorMittalrecommendsapplying a stress relief annealing treatment.It is important to remove oil, grease or any organic compound to prevent carbonisation of the electrical steel. Maximum care during handlingisdesirabletoavoidre-introductionofstresses.

The properties mentioned above are measured either by Epstein or SST measurement equipment. The standards specify that stress relief annealing should be applied after the samples have been cut, depending on the measuring device.

ArcelorMittal grain-oriented electrical steels are produced to achieve low core losses and high magnetic permeability. These are obtained through a tight control of the ArcelorMittal production process, designed to streamline the strength of the Goss texture. The combination of an optimal texture and structure allows obtaining excellent typical magnetic properties.

Grain-oriented electrical steels are mainly used in highly efficient transformers and generators due to its excellent magnetic properties in the rolling direction.

Advantages

Theuseofgrain-orientedsteelintransformersis advantageous thanks to the very low core loss in the rolling direction. This means more efficient transport of energy from the production site to the consumption site. These conventional grades are available in a range of thicknesses and loss levels, enabling customers to select the most appropriate grade to meet the specific requirements of each application.ArcelorMittal’s high quality products range from 0.35 mm thickness up to 0.23 mm and are supplied with coating ASTM C5 over ASTM C2 to ensure high electrical resistance.

41

JIS C2553:20000.23 mm 0.27 mm 0.30 mm 0.35 mm

23G110 27G115 30G130 35G145

27G125 30G140 35G155

27G130


CEI/IEC 60404-8-7:20080.23 mm 0.27 mm 0.30 mm 0.35 mm

M110-23S5 M115-27S5 M130-30S5 M145-35S5

M125-27S5 M140-30S5 M155-35S5

M130-27S5 M150-30S5

M140-27S5


Themajorimpactofvarnishistoprovideinterlaminarinsulationandtoimprovepunchabilityofthesteels.

Varnish for non-oriented and grain-oriented electrical steels feasibilities

VA

Coating type Typical gauges Functionality

CEI/IEC 60404-1-1:2004 EN 10342:2005 ASTM (per side)

EC-3 C-3 1 - 4 µm The resins' chemical composition yields special advantages such as a high elasticity and a very strong adhesion. A coating thickness of less than 1 µm generates the additional advantage of excellent weldability, whereas a varnish of 4 µm and above assures good interlaminar insulation.

EC-4 C-4 0.5 – 1 µm This varnish will withstand normal stress annealing temperatures, but may result in some reduction of the surface insulation resistance.

EC-5-N C-5 1 - 4 µm This varnish was designed to maintain its dielectrical properties during the repair of damaged copper windings. Additionally, the mineral part of the coating provides high thermal conductivity. The combination of resins and mineral products achieves a good compromise between punchability and weldability.

EC-5-G C-5 2 - 4 µm This varnish is selected to have good adherence and to withstand normal punching and cutting operations. It does not affect and is unaffected by transformer oil.

EC-6 C-6 2 - 10 µm The mineral elements have been selected to reduce punching tool wear and favour punching oil retention. They also enhance the rigidity of the varnish, which minimises dimensional changes under high pressure/temperature. This varnish is particularly recommended for use with contactors, to permit a higher flutter frequency whilst reducing noise.

VA Non-oriented and grain-oriented electrical steels

Varnish for non-oriented and grain-oriented electrical steels

Electrical steel varnishes for non-oriented are designed to enhance the behaviour of fully processed electrical steels. Their major impact is to provide interlaminar insulation and to improve the punchability of the steels. Each type of varnish has its specific properties: insulation level, punchability effect, corrosion protection, temperature resistance and weldability, hence it is the material used that determines the optimal varnish selection.

For grain-oriented grades, the major impact is to provide increased surface insulation resistance, through a thin inorganic coating. This type 5 coating (EC-5-G) is applied on top of the glass film (type 2), which is obtained in the high temperature annealing process step, as a result of the reaction of the steel surface with the annealing separator.

Advantages

TheEC-3typevarnishisbasedonsyntheticresins, resulting in a varnish with excellent lubricating properties for the punching process: the coated sheet can be punched without the need of an additional lubricant. It is particularly recommended with automatic stacking processes.

TheEC-4typevarnishisacoatingformedbyphosphating followed by a curing treatment at elevated temperature. This type of coating is used in applications requiring moderate levels of surface insulation resistance.

TheEC-5-Ntypevarnish(fornon-oriented)isa pigmented varnish, made with thermostable resins, mineral products and pigments. The type of mineral products and the amount used have been selected to obtain a coating with excellent temperature resistance during lengthy thermal treatments, which is of particular interest where stress relieving annealing is required after punching.

TheEC-5-Gtypevarnish(forgrain-oriented)is a pigmented varnish, predominantly composed of phosphates. Apart from its electrical insulation properties, this coating has the advantage of withstanding stress relief annealing, which allows restoring the magnetic propertiesofthegrain-orientedsteelsatthecutedges, for optimal steel performance.

TheEC-6typevarnishisalsoapigmentedvarnish, but especially suitable for high power rotating machines, thanks to its high electrical insulation level. This varnish is particularly recommended for use with contactors, to permit a higher flutter frequency whilst reducing noise.

Applications

These coatings are used for fully processed grades, as well as for pole sheets in the cold rolled version, in a wide range of electrical applications such as rotating machines, transformers and contactors.Thecoatingsusedforgrain-orientedfullyprocessed grades are especially used for power transformers, requiring high efficiency and operatingcontinuously.Fortheseapplicationsit is important to have a double coating system, with the phosphate layer on top of the glass film.


The raw materials used have a chemical composition – both in liquid or cured varnish state – which does not require specific protective measures during the processing of the coated steels or their use within the application.

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MA1

Iron-nickel alloys feasibilities

Typical coercive force A/m Typical permeability

Thickness Saturation induction

Resistivity at 20°C Curie point Density Heat treatment Heat treatment

Grades mm Tesla µΩ.cm °C g/cm3 2h - 1050°C 4h - 1150°C 2h - 1050°C 4h - 1150°C

Supra36 0.1 - 3* 1.3 75 230 8.1 6 30 000

Supra50 0.1 - 3* 1.6 45 450 8.2 3 150 000

Mumetal 0.1 - 3* 0.8 60 420 8.7 0.6 450 000

Phytherm 0.1 - 3*Between 30 and 260°C**

*Otherdimensionsondemand **Forspecificvalues,pleasecontactus.

Magnetic alloys Iron-nickel alloys

Applications

Low coercive force applications are for example watchsteppingmotors,high-precisionsensors(e.g.forelectricalsafety),synchroresolversandrelay parts. High permeability applications are for example magneticshieldingandveryhigh-precisionsensors.Forthisapplication,theMumetalalloys(80%Nialloys)canbeused.Low loss applications are mainly motors for very highefficiencyapplications,andalsoforhigh-frequencyapplications(over400Hz).ThePhythermcontrolledCurietemperaturealloys are ideal for the production of cooking pans.


Magnetic properties are dependent on the heat treatment. This is an important step of the industrial route.

Iron-nickel alloys are delivered in a semi-processed state. After the laminations are punched, they need to be heat-treated by the customer to develop their magnetic properties. This final annealing treatment reduces losses and improves permeability, as a result of recrystallisation, grain growth and also decarburisation. Reference cycles of heat treatment are applied in ArcelorMittal’s labs to validate the ability of our materials to achieve the required magnetic and mechanical performances.

Advantages

Iron-nickelalloyshaveaverylowcoerciveforce.Comparedwithastandardiron-siliconalloy,thecoerciveforceofthe50%Nialloy(Supra50)is10 times lower. This ratio can be increased to over100byusingan80%NialloyMumetal.Becauseoftheirlowcoerciveforce,iron-nickelalloysaremainlyusedforhigh-precisionsensors.Iron-nickelalloysalsohaveaveryhighmagneticpermeability(morethan350000forheat-treated80%Nialloys).

The magnetic losses are also much lower than withastandardiron-siliconalloy.Withitssaturation induction of 1.6T, Supra can be used asasubstituteforiron-siliconalloysinmostapplications. Reducing magnetic losses increases the global efficiency of the device.

MA1

45

Iron-nickelalloysareusedforelectricalsafetyapplicationsandwatchparts.

MA2

Iron-cobalt alloys feasibilities

Feasibilities Properties

Thickness (mm) ThicknessSaturation induction

Resistivity at 20°C

Curie point Density

Typical coercive force A/m

Heat treatment

Typical magnetic losses 1.5T-50 Hz Heat treatment

Typical magnetic losses 2T-400 HzHeat treatment

Grades Min Max Typical mm Tesla µΩ.cm °C g/cm3 2h - 725°C

3h - 850°C

2h - 760°C

3h - 850°C

2h - 760°C

3h - 850°C

AFK1 0.1 3 0.4 0.1 - 3* 2.4 20 980 8 200 95 4

AFK502R 0.1 30.2

0.350.1 - 3* 2.35 40 900 8.12 100 60 3 2.3 85 75

*Otherdimensionsondemand

MA2Magnetic alloys Iron-cobalt alloys

Applications

SinceAFKiron-cobaltalloyscanreducethevolume of the magnetic parts of the devices (motors,generators,transformersetc),theyareparticularly suitable for aeronautic and space applications or any other application where weight saving or low volume is important.


Magnetic and mechanical properties are dependent on heat treatment. This is an important step in the industrial route.

AFK iron-cobalt alloys are delivered in a semi-processed state. After the laminations are punched, they need to be heat-treated by the customer to develop their magnetic properties. This final annealing treatment reduces losses and improves permeability, as a result of recrystallisation, grain growth and also decarburisation.

The magnetic and mechanical properties are dependent on grain size and heat treatment. A compromise can be found by adapting the heat treatment parameters. Reference cycles of heat treatment are applied in ArcelorMittal’s labs to validate the ability of our materials to achieve the required magnetic and mechanical performances.

Advantages

AFKiron-cobaltalloyshavethehighestknowninduction rating at saturation. They are designed for devices with a high power to weight ratio. Taking this into account right from the design phase can reduce the volume of the magnetic partsofmachinesbyupto30%(motors,generators,transformersetc).AFKiron-cobaltalloyscanbesuppliedwitha magnesium methylate coating to provide electrical insulation. Alternatively,AFKiron-cobaltalloyscanbesupplied without coating. In this case, an additional heat treatment can be applied, leading to the formation of an oxide film which will create the required surface insulation layer.

47

AFKiron-cobaltalloyscansaveupto30%ofthevolumeofthemagneticpartsand areusedinmotor/generatorapplicationinaeronauticapplications.

Magnetic parts feasibilities

MP1

Thickness Saturation induction

Resistivity at 20°C

Curie point Density Typical

coercive forceTypical permeability

at 10 kHzLosses B=0.2T

Grades mm Tesla µΩ.cm °C g/cm3 A/m H.m-1 F=20 kHz W/kg

Nanophy® 0.02 1.25 135 600 7.35 less than 1 50 000 500 000 0.5

200* 2 000

*200and300underdevelopment

Grades used for lamination

FeNi Supra36

Supra50

Mumetal (Permiphy)

Phytherm

FeCo AFK1

AFK502R

FeSi (for example NO 20)

Other grades on request

Magnetic alloys

For 50 years ArcelorMittal Stainless and Nickel Alloys Components has designed and manufactured magnetic parts:

• Rotorsandstatorslaminationandstacksformotors(iron-nickelandiron-cobaltalloys)

• Thermalparts(bimetal)• Toroidalcores:nanocrystalline(Nanophy®),

FeSiandFeNi• Laminationsfortransformersandpower

electronics• Stampedprecisionmagneticparts

Customerscanrelyonasteadyknow-howin activities linked to magnetism, stamping andheattreatment(upto1200°C).Thesemagneticparts,manufacturedinFrance(Amilly)andChina(Foshan),arecertifiedaccordingtoISO9001/2000,ISO14001/2004andpendingaeronauticEN9100.

Advantages

Stamping • Rawmaterialfromdifferentsuppliers• Stampingfromautomaticpressshop(15to

100tonnes)withdifferentmetalthicknesses(0.05to2.5mm)

• Designandmanufactureofspecifictools• Useofprogressiveandcompounddiesfor

tapping • Finishedpartswithspecificoperations

(tumbling,grinding,lapping,cleaningetc)

Heat treatment By applying the right temperature with theright cycle under the right atmosphere theparts are delivered perfectly in line withcustomer’s expectations.

Cores Consistent quality and capability to customise cores in different fields such as electrical safety, common mode chokes, filters, transformers, current sensors, impulse and high yielding convertors.Nanophy®isanabsolutemustforthenewhigh-techapplicationareaswithawiderangeofpermeabilities.

Newlytheavailabilityoflowpermeabilitynanocrystalline cores opens new application fields in the area of impulse and high yielding convertors.

Flexible shielding for low frequencies Nanophylm®isanewgenerationofflexibleshielding and markers.

Applications

Magnetic parts are used in various products:• Electricalmotors• Transformers -Power -Signal -Impulse -Amplifier

• Circuitbreakers• Groundfaultinterrupters• Currentsensors• Chokes• Lowfrequencyshielding• Markers

MP1

Magnetic parts

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Credits for pictures

ArcelorMittaland:Cover:TomD'Haenensp.2-38-51:ArcelorMittalInoxBrasilp.14:PauwelsN.V.-TomD'Haenensp.16:ArcelorMittalR&DGentp.18:Eozenp.20-24-28-36:Siemensp.39:Voithp.41:PauwelsN.V.-TomD'Haenensp.42-44-46:PhilippeVandenameelep.48-49:ArcelorMittalStainlessandNickelAlloysComponents

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