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ELE22MIC Lecture 18• The AVR Sleep Modes
• The ATMEGA128’s Timer System– Clock Sources– The 8-bit Timer 0 Modes– Clear Timer on Compare match (CTC)– Two Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) modes
• Fast Pulse Width Modulation
• Phase Correct Pulse Width Modulation
8-bit Timer/Counter 0
• The ATMEGA128 contains 4 timer modules. The Bilby is the device we use in lab sessions: an ATMEGA128 on a PCB.
• Each module has a selection of possible clock or oscillator sources:– I/O Clock, System Clock
• The Bilby’s main crystal is 7.3728MHz,
– An External low-power crystal connected to TOSC1 & TOSC2 pins.
8-bit Timer/Counter 0• The Bilby’s main crystal is 7.3728MHz,
• ATMEGA128 Current consumption with the main oscillator running is in the order of 5mA.
• The Bilby’s low-power crystal connected to TOSC1 & TOSC2 pins.
• The Bilby’s low power crystal is 32768Hz • The ATMEGA128 has sleep modes where only this
counter remains active.• Total current consumption with a 32768Hz crystal clock
running, in power-down sleep mode, is around 200nA (all other subsystems switched off).
Modes of Sleep - Sleep Depth
Modes of Sleep - Clock Domains
Power-Save Considerations
Every enabled CPU feature consumes extra current.
For example the Bandgap voltage reference consumes 10uA current.
The ultra-low power-down sleep mode power consumption can only be achieved IF the features can be switched off.. We can then achieve ultra-low power operation - suitable for miniature battery operation.
Timer / Counter 0
• Main Features:
• Timer/Counter0 is a general purpose, single channel, 8-bit Timer/Counter module. The main features are:
• Single Channel Counter
• Clear Timer on Compare Match (Auto Reload)
Timer / Counter 0
• Glitch-free, Phase Correct Pulse Width Modulator (PWM)
• Frequency Generator
• 10-bit Clock Prescaler
• Overflow and Compare Match Interrupt Sources (TOV0 and OCF0)
• Allows Clocking from External 32 kHz Watch Crystal Independent of the I/O Clock
8-Bit Timer Block Diagram
8-Bit Timer Block Diagram
8-Bit Timer Counter Unit Block Diagram
8-Bit Timer Output Compare Unit
CTC Mode Timing Diagram
Fast PWM Mode, Timing Diagram
Phase Correct PWM Mode, Timing Diagram
ULN2003
Stepper Motor
ULN2003