Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
aaaaa
Citation preview
ECET,Patel Guda,Beeram Guda,Hyderabad
LABORATORY MANUAL
FOR
ADVANCED ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS
(For III B.Tech – Regulation – R08)
SRI ARAVIND CHILUKURI Coach, ACBM
Dear Students,
Note: Pls. don’t follow every lessons and every word
from this book. I will send my own material later.
Scan this material and write something which is useful
to you.
Regards,
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
Academic Year : 2013 - 14
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
ADVANCED ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS LAB
The word communication, which has its origin in the Latin word ‘communis’, brings out
many images in one’s mind. It could be a process, network, a technique, or a form of
entertainment. Communication over the years has seen numerous dimensions. It is seen as
an interchangeable, an expression, a transmission, a dynamic process, a connecting link, a
means to power and a force that maintains and animates life. Communication is both an art
and a science. It is a discipline amenable to systematic study and mastery. It has an element
of creativity, as well as an element of precision. It therefore calls for mastering of skills as
well as techniques. Communication is thus a way of life. English Language &
Communication Skills Lab monitors and guides the students towards enhancing the
common skills through the material fed in the systems. It helps in developing the various
skills involved in the process of communication through methodical usage of techniques
and activity to enhance communication both for day-to-day use as well as in the business
communication.
The English Language Lab has facilities that help the teachers to listen
to individual student, in turn, and to speak with them. Guidance is provided where
necessary. The teacher’s role is therefore vital whether or not the recorded material is used.
Here the student is in an ideal position to judge his own performance , that
is, to compare his speech with that of the model . If the student is not satisfied he/she can
return to the same exercise – retry or again listen to the examples.
Students are provided with opportunities in development of
language by repetition and responding in ELCS Lab B. Here students are provided with
various activities in improving their spoken language and the correct accentuation. The
student is equipped with various skills like Reading, Writing ,Listening, Speaking, Word
Power , Vocabulary and Grammar.
The Communication and Soft skill sessions help students to identify the
professional areas and the use of relevant language in these situations. The soft skill
sessions are therefore a preparatory platform for daily life.
Most activities have preparatory material stored in the systems which teaches and guides
the students towards better understanding, providing them with tips and techniques in the
betterment of the language and communication skill. Personality development etiquettes
and corporate knowledge is provided to students to help students in facing interviews in a
formal organizational set up .They are exposed to Oral Presentations, Prepared and
Extempore speech sessions, Technical presentations, Quiz, Techniques in getting rid of
stage fear, Mock interview sessions, Group Discussions etc., The feedback sessions are eye
openers which pave way for further enhancement.
SYLLABUS :
UNIT-1 - Functional English - starting a conversation -responding appropriately
and relevantly-using the right body language-role play in different situations.
UNIT-2 - Vocabulary building - synonyms and antonyms, word roots ,one-word
Substitutes, prefixes and suffixes study of word origin, analogy ,idioms and
Phrases.
UNIT-3 - GroupDiscussion - dynamics of group discussion,intervention ,summarizing,
modulation of voice, body language, relevance, fluency and coherence.
UNIT-4 - Interview Skills - concept and process, pre-interview
planning, opening, strategies, answering strategies, interview through tele and
video-conferencing.
UNIT-5 - Resume writing-structure and presentation, planning, defining the career
objective. projecting ones strengths and skills-sets, summary, formats and
styles, letter-writing.
UNIT-6 - Reading comprehension - reading for facts,guessing meanings from context,
scanning,skimming,inferring meaning,critical reading.
UNIT-7 - Technical Report writing - Types of formats and styles,subject matter –
organization, clarity, coherence and style, planning, data collection, tools,
analysis.
UNIT – 1: Functional English - starting a conversation -respondig appropriately
and relevantly-using the right body language-role play in different situations.
SAMPLE
Conversation-1
STARTING AND ENDING CONVERSATIONS
Brad: Excuse me: May I sit here?
Linda: Yes, you may.
Brad: Already got your tickets? May I ask which tour you are taking?
Linda: I am taking the Museums tour. And you?
Brad: Well. I am also on the same tour.
Linda: Where do you come from?
Brad: I am from Tennessee, a Southern State in the United States of America. Where do
you come from?
Linda: I come from Munich, Germany. My English is not so good.
Brad: Well. it sounds good to me .Yet, if you need any help, please let me know.
Linda: That’s very kind of you. Glad to have met you.
Conversation-2
Greetings,Praises,and Compliments.
Mona: Hey ,look who’s coming. You look lovely today in this dress.
Linda: It’s a pretty dress, I must say.
Linda: Thanks. I’m glad you like it. My mom made it for me.
Mona: It’s a nicely matched colour mix.The pink and the light gray combination looks
wonderful.
Linda: really? It’s nice of you to say that. I will tell my mom how you appreciated my
dress.
Venkat: Hi girls? Good morning! What’s going on?
Linda: She likes my dress.
Venkat: Well, yes! It is quire smart.
Linda: Thank you Venkat. Your shoes are new it seems. They are great. New style I
suppose.
Venkat: Look now! There comes my friend Ajay.
Ajay: Hello friends! How are you?
Mona: We are good! Ajay have you got your grades?
Ajay: Yes, I have an overall A grade
Venkat: That’s great! Congratulations!
Mona: Ajay is very good at studies, Isn’t he ? He is always busy in the library.
Linda: Oh yes, he studies regularly. And he is a very intelligent guy.
Ajay: Thanks all of you. I really appreciate your compliments. But I must go now. Bye!
Linda: Christmas vacations are just round the corner. I wish you all Merry Christmas and
a wonderful vacation!
Venkat: Thanks Linda. We wish you a Merry Christmas and a wonderful vacation back
home: When will you be back from HongKong?
Linda: I will be back by 10 January. See you all then.
ROLEPLAY:
You are given a few situations. Make your own sentences expressing possibility,
probability, and ability using suitable expressions.
Activity :
Role play in different situations.
1) Two friends about pollution
Observation:
Feedback:
2) Interaction between two spectators viewing a cricket match.
Observation:
Feedback:
3) Between customer & Dealer when you are buying a bike
Observation:
Feedback:
UNIT-2
Vocabulary building - synonyms and antonyms,word roots,one-word substitutes,
Prefixes and suffixes, study of word origin, analogy, idioms, phrases.
EXERCISES FROM THE ABOVE
Study of word origin
The word Language comes from the Latin word Lingua which means tongue.A broader
meaning of the term language is “the form of expression.therefore,as a form of
expression language comprises, sign, music, painting, drawing, writing, etc.
There are various theories which are propounded by linguistics and philologistics. But all
of them are hypothesis, lacking of the nature of language. ‘Language is the expression of
human personality in words, whether written or spoken. It is the universal medium alike
for converging the common facts and feelings of everyday life and the philosophers,
searching after truth and all that lies between’ (CL.Wein)
Parent Language
│
-------------------------------------------------
│ │
Daughter Language A Daughter Language B
Proto – Indo – European
│
-------------------------------------------------
│ │
Western Branch Eastern Branch
Eastern Branch
│
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
│ │ │ │ │
Balto Slavic Albanian Armenian Hihites Aryan
│ │
---------------- -----------------
│ │ │ │
Baltic Slavonic Iranian Indian
Eg. Latin Greek Sanskrit Gothic Old English English
Edo Elo Aidmi Itan Etan Eat
Decem Deka Daca Taihum Tien Ten
Affix , Prefix , Suffix
Affixes are attached at the beginning of the stem.Such affixes are called prefixes.The
others are attached at the end of the stem and they are called suffixes.
Eg 1: Unintentionally
│
---------------------------------------------------
│ │
Affix Stem
│ │
Un Intentionally
│
---------------------------------------
│ │
Stem Affix
│ │
Intentional -Ly
│
--------------------
│ │
Stem Affix
│ │
Intentional -al
│
----------------
│ │
Stress Affix
(Root) │
intend -ion
Eg 2: Unkindly
│
---------------------
│ │
Affix Stem Kindly.
│
--------------------
│ │
Stem Affix
(Root) │
│ -Ly
kind
Word Root
- Root is a part of word which is taken from some other language and has its own
meaning
- Every word in the English language has its own roots whether the root is from any
other language
- The root mainly specifies the meaning of the word.
- Some of root words and words framed using .Those roots are given below.
(1) Cide – To kill
- Suicide
- Pesticide
- Insecticide
- Chromocide
- Particide
(2) Spect – To see
- Spectator
- Inspect
- Spectacles
- Spectacular
(3) Port – To carry
- Portable
- Transport
- Import
- Export
- Airport
(4) Circ/Circum – Round
- Semicircle
- Circular
- Circumference
- Circulation
- Circumstances.
UNIT-3
Group Discussion- dynamics of group discussion, intervention, summarizing, modulation of voice, body language, relevance, fluency and coherence.
A GD is a methodology used by an organization to gauge whether the candidate has
certain personality traits and/or skills that it desires in its members. In this methodology,
the group of candidates is given a topic or a situation, given a few minutes to think about
the same, and then asked to discuss it among themselves for 15-20 minutes.
Freshersworld.com brings you an elaborate section for GD as you had ever seen anywhere
else. Some of the personality traits the GD is trying to gauge may include :-
Ability to work in a team
Communication skills
Reasoning ability
Leadership skills
Initiative
Assertiveness
Flexibility
Creativity
Ability to think on ones feet
GDs can be topic-based or case-based.
Topic based GDs can be classified into three types:-
1. Factual Topics
2. Controversial Topics
3. Abstract Topics
Reasons for having a GD
It helps you to understand a subject more deeply.
It improves your ability to think critically.
It helps in solving a particular problem.
It helps the group to make a particular decision.
It gives you the chance to hear other students' ideas.
It improves your listening skills.
It increases your confidence in speaking.
It can change your attitudes.
Discussion Etiquette (or minding your manners):
Do
Speak pleasantly and politely to the group.
Respect the contribution of every speaker.
Remember that a discussion is not an argument. Learn to disagree politely.
Think about your contribution before you speak. How best can you answer the
question/ contribute to the topic?
Try to stick to the discussion topic. Don't introduce irrelevant information.
Be aware of your body language when you are speaking.
Agree with and acknowledge what you find interesting.
Don't
Lose your temper. A discussion is not an argument.
Shout. Use a moderate tone and medium pitch.
Use too many gestures when you speak. Gestures like finger pointing and table
thumping can appear aggressive.
Dominate the discussion. Confident speakers should allow quieter students a chance
to contribute.
Draw too much on personal experience or anecdote. Although some tutors
encourage students to reflect on their own experience, remember not to generalize
too much.
Interrupt. Wait for a speaker to finish what they are saying before you speak.
A group discussion consists of:
Communication Skills
Knowledge and ideas regarding a given subject
Capability to co-ordinate and lead
Exchange of thoughts
Addressing the group as a whole
Thorough preparations
Activity :
Mock GDs conducted
Topics : 1) How to deal with International Terrorism
2) Pollution
3) Position of women in India – Compare with other Nations.
4) Role of Media in bringing awareness in the society.
5) Sudden Death of the C.M. of Andhra Pradesh
6) Environment Management
7) Water Resources should be Nationalized.
8) Is there logic to in giving voting rights to illiterate people.
UNIT-4
Interview Skills - concept and process, pre-interview
planning, opening, strategies, answering strategies, interview through tele and
video-conferencing.
The Interview
Interview is an interaction between two or more persons usually with a question and
answer pattern. The interviewing process a complex means of gathering relevant data about
a candidate for a particular job position, promotion or making a selection panel. It is a
structured mechanism for professional evaluations for employment as well as methods such
as group discussion and oral presentation.
According to recruitment experts a job interview provides the best opportunity to examine
the relevance of an applicant’s knowledge and experience and is an effective technique
used for evaluating the suitability of a candidate for a particular position through a
question-answer oral session.
Interview is the best way to judge one’s ability as issues can be discussed to face rather
than letter or phone calls. Call for an interview also gives you an opportunity to present
yourself at your best.
Interview Preparation
Research is a critical part of preparing for an interview. If you haven't done your
homework, it is going to be obvious. Spend time researching and thinking about yourself,
the occupation, the organization, and questions you might ask at the end of the interview.
Step 1: Know Yourself
The first step in preparing for an interview is to do a thorough self-assessment so that you
will know what you have to offer an employer. It is very important to develop a complete
inventory of skills, experience, and personal attributes that you can use to market yourself
to employers at any time during the interview process.
Analytical/Problem Solving
Flexibility/Versatility
Interpersonal
Oral/Written Communication
Organization/Planning
Time Management
Motivation
Leadership
Self-Starter/Initiative
Team Player
Consider the answers to other questions such as:
How have I demonstrated the skills required in this position?
What are my strong points and weak points?
What are my short term and long term goals?
What can I offer this particular employer?
What kind of environment do I like? (i.e. How do I like to be supervised? Do I like
a fast pace?)
What do I like doing?
Apart from my skills and experience, what can I bring to this job?
Step 2: Know the Occupation
The second step in preparing for an interview is to research the occupation. This is
necessary because in order to present a convincing argument that you have the experience
and skills required for that occupation, you must first know what those requirements and
duties are. It is also in your best interest to identify the approximate starting salary for that
position, or those similar. There are several ways to find out about an occupation:
Acquire a copy of the job description from the employer (Human
Resources/Personnel) or check with Student Employment Services. If you are responding
to an advertisement, this may also supply some details.
Step 3: Know the Organization
The more you know about an organization, the better prepared you will be to discuss how
you can meet its needs. Some of the characteristics that you should know about an
organization are:
Where is it located?
How big is it?
What are its products and who does it serve?
How is the organization structured?
What is its history?
Have there been any recent changes, new developments?
There are a number of ways in which you can access this information. Most medium- to
large-sized organizations publish information about themselves.
Step 4: Prepare Questions
Having completed your background research, you are now ready to prepare questions to
ask the interviewer(s). Try to think of questions for which the answer was not readily
available in company literature. Intelligent well thought-out questions will demonstrate
your genuine interest in the position. Candidate should ask the same questions of each
employer.
Some sample questions are:
1. How have changes in technology most affected your business today?
2. What future direction do you see the company taking?
3. Where is the greatest demand for your services or product?
4. How do you differ from your competitors?
5. What do you like about working with this organization?
6. Have any new product lines been introduced recently?
7. What criteria will be used to evaluate my performance?
8. Will I work independently or as part of a team?
9. What are the career paths available in this organization?
10. When can I expect to hear from you regarding this position?
11. It is very important to ask the last question because employers want to hire
individuals who are interested in the position - and asking this question definitely
helps to demonstrate interest on your part
Preparations
Let's say you are going for an interview tomorrow. You have prepared yourself well for the
occasion - anticipating the questions and getting ready the answers - but have you given a
thought to what you will wear?
If you have not peeked into your wardrobe yet, it's time to take a real hard look now. Your
application's fate depends not just on how well you answer the interview questions, but also
on how well you project yourself physically. The first impression your interviewer makes
about you is based on the way you look, and you know what they say about first
impressions. According to Joe Hodowanes, J.M. Wanes and Associates career strategy
advisor, "The way a person dresses is the single biggest non-verbal communication you
make about yourself." The right dressing is a measure of the seriousness that you place on
the position, as a person normally spends time on his looks if he considers an event
important enough.
Men
Long-sleeved shirt and dark slacks. White is still the safest and the best color for
shirts. The colour is also appropriate for our tropical weather. Also acceptable: pale
shades such as beige, blue, and other pastels.
Tuck in the shirt and do not roll up the sleeves. Never wear a short-sleeved shirt to
an interview or any business purpose. Wearing a short-sleeved shirt will destroy
your executive image.
Ties Optional. But if you do wear one, choose a conservative pattern. Solids, small
polka dots, diagonal stripes, small repeating shapes, subtle plaids and paisleys are
all acceptable.
Belts Belts should match your shoes. Those with smaller buckles with squared lines
look more professional.
Socks Black socks are the best, followed by blue or gray, depending on your attire.
Never wear white socks! Check your sock length, too--no skin should show when
you sit down or cross your legs. Shoes. Black or burgundy leather shoes with laces
on them, because tassel loafers are very casual. Other suitable colors are brown,
cordovan and navy.
Hair. Keep neat, short and preferably parted on the side. And shave off all those
facial hair.
Jewellery. Wear no or little jewellery. The watch and wedding ring are the only
acceptable pieces of jewellery to go with the male attire. Thin gold or leather-
strapped watches look professional but not digital watches. Also, avoid political or
religious insignias, necklaces or bracelets. Definitely Accessories. As much as
possible, use leather briefcases or folders to hold copies of your resume. Use narrow
briefcases and avoid plastic folders and plastic ball pens as they are out of place.
Women
Three-piece business suits, blouse and skirt or slacks, and cardigan twin-sets.
Sleeveless shirts should be rejected. Short-sleeved blouses are okay when they are
tailor-cut or have features such as a sports collar or double breast design to create a
business-like look. Skirts can either be long provided it does not create a Cinderella
or barn-dance look or short where it falls no shorter than two inches from the knee.
Nothing too revealing, please!
Panty-hose or stockings. A must for professional grooming, but nothing with overly
fussy patterns. Bring an extra pair, just in case the ones you are wearing run.
Shoes. Closed shoes or pumps with at least 1½-inch heels suggest a more
professional look. Dark colors are best.
Hair. Hair longer than shoulder length should be worn up or pulled back. Don't let it
fall in front of your face and don't keep trying to fix it during the interview. Avoid
large hair ornaments and trendy hairstyles.
Make-up. Be subtle; natural is the key word. Light shades of lip coloring and nail
polish are recommended.
Jewellery. Be conservative. Studs of gold, silver or pearls are best. Do away with
gaudy fashion jewelers, and those that clank and make noise when one moves.
Accessories. Folders and bags should blend well with the total professional look.
Women should match their purse with their shoe colour.
ENTRANCE AND INTRODUCTION
Even though most of us are primed for the basic grilling that we would face during the
interview, we seldom pay attention to the way we enter an interview room or how we
introduce ourselves. Says Subhashish Mitra, deputy manager, Essar Cellphones: "A lot of
people do not think it important to knock properly while entering the interview room. They
assume that as an interview is taking place, the panel will be expecting them. To my mind
this is a very major faux pas which really jars."
In fact, the best way to enter an interview is to knock, ask for permission to enter and then
wait for a while before you actually sit down. Few interviewees know this but the interview
panel needs a little quiet time to discuss the previous candidate before they get around to
the next one. So your silence till you actually get seated would be very valuable. Try and
keep a bag with you for all your papers and certificates; make sure this bag is an
unobtrusive as possible.
ATTITUDE AND RESPONSE
This is a grey area for most interview candidates. While dressing up and resume writing are
skills you can Go for a mock exercise before the real talk at the job table handle with a little
practice, cultivating the right attitude as an interviewee requires a lot of patience and
reading between the lines.
TEN THINGS THAT AN INTERVIEWER LOOKS IN YOU!
1. Family Background
2. Education
3. Experience
4. Stability
5. Initiative
6. General Ability
7. Interpersonal Skills
8. Confidence
9. Aptitude
10. Pleasant Looks
Establishing Rapport
This is a very important part of the interview because while establishing rapport, first
impressions are made, and the tone of the interview is set. Some people suggest that the
decision to hire is greatly influenced by the first five minutes of the interview. A good
interviewer will introduce him/herself, and take the lead. Follow his or her lead - if they are
chatty, be chatty; if they are formal, be formal. Some employers use what seems to be
casual conversation to get to know you on a more personal level – this may be crucial to a
hiring decision!
Tips:
Smile and maintain eye contact. This is one way of communicating confidence,
even if you don't feel it.
If the interviewer offers his or her hand, shake it firmly. If they don't, it is
appropriate to offer yours.
Wait until the interviewer sits or offers you a seat before sitting down.
If the interviewer is making small talk, participate. Keep your answers short and
positive.
Exchange of Information
This is the bulk of the interview. It is your opportunity to let the interviewer know what
you have to offer, and your chance to learn more about the organization.
Tips:
When you answer a question, look the interviewer in the eye.
Be aware of the interviewer's reactions. If he or she looks confused, ask if you can
clarify anything.
Be aware of what your body is saying. Avoid closed postures. Sit upright, but not
stiffly.
Try to find a comfortable position as that will make you feel more relaxed.
Control your nervous habits. Don't swing your foot, talk with your hands (to an
extreme), or fiddle with jewelers, buttons, pens, etc.
Show that you are interested in the job by asking questions.
Try not to appear bored or anxious. Don't look at your watch.
Closing the Interview
When the interviewer is done gathering the information that is needed, he or she will ask if
you have anything to add, or if you have any questions. This is your opportunity to
mentally review your inventory of skills and make sure that you have communicated
everything that you wanted to. If any of your questions have not been addressed during the
course of the interview, now is the time to ask them.
Tips:
Thank the interviewer for his/her time and consideration.
Ask when you can expect to hear from him/her.
If it is not known when a decision will be reached, ask if you can phone in a week's
time to inquire about the progress.
If the interviewer offers his/her hand, shake it firmly. Otherwise, it is fine to offer
yours first.
If not already discussed, you can offer to leave a sample of your work, or portfolio
if you have one.
INTERVIEW THROUGH TELECONFERENCING :
TELECONFERENCING is becoming a widespread practice for job interviews.
It has become so common that, in many instances, a job seeker may not come face-to-face with his or her new employer until their first official day at work.Face-to-face interviews are still a clear preference for employers, they are becoming more reliant on telephone interviews.
Job interviews via phone short circuit travel time and speed up the recruitment process, particularly where regional, interstate or overseas job seekers are involved.Teleconferencing not only saves time but can also be more economical for employers seeking to fill positions quickly. Teleconference interviews, if conducted correctly, also have several advantages for job seekers.
There's often less pressure on a job seeker when being interviewed over the phone.One can cut to the chase with your answers and participate in the interview from a safe environment that isn't outside one’s comfort zone.While it may seem common sense, there are a variety of techniques to ensure the best results from a teleconference interview.
The following are tips for job seekers:
Make sure you are being interviewed over a clear phone line, with minimum echo and background noise;
Be in a comfortable environment where you are at ease and are not likely to be distracted;
Pace yourself and don't speak too quickly. Keep in mind that the interviewer will often be taking notes to record your responses;
Use a relaxed and even tone;
Wait for the interviewer to finish the question before speaking;
Standing up when answering a question ``empowers you'' and provides an air of confidence;
Keep answers clear and concise. If unsure about how much detail to provide, ask the interviewer "did that answer your question'' before proceeding with further detail;
Ask the interviewer to repeat the question if you do not understand or need to gather your thoughts;
Be confident in your answers and if an uncomfortable silence occurs, don't let it unsettle you; and
Ensure your written references are solid and authentic. Employers will be even more reliant on third party insight if there is no face-to-face interaction during the recruitment process.
INTERVIEW THROUGH VIDEOCONFERENCING:
Videoconference Interviews:
For both the job seeker and the company, it can be challenge to express and evaluate things like motivation, enthusiasm, focus and commitment without meeting in person. Videoconferencing can help overcome most of these issues. Next to a face-to-face meeting, the videoconference interview is considered the next best way of getting together. The technology saves money, time, and allows several sites to connect at one time. Many candidates and interviewers prefer this method to using the telephone for an interview because it allows everyone to see who they’re talking with and respond more directly. Large time zone differences between distant locations can sometimes be a challenge, but compared with traveling, this can be easily managed. This type of interview is quickly gaining in popularity as it becomes better known and established.
Videoconference Interview Tips
As with any interview, preparation and practice remain the most important steps for success. With a videoconference, it’s no different. Dressing appropriately, showing up on time, doing your home work on the organization and the job, are all still as important as if you were going to a face- to-face interview.
In just about every way, a job interview using videoconferencing is weighted the same as an in-person meeting. However, there are some subtle differences and disadvantages to be aware of when ‘on camera’. Here are a few pointers:
Be prepared if the far site has some synchronization problems. With a slow connection speed, facial expressions and the speaker’s voice can occasionally be off by as much as a second.
Don’t read questions or answers off of cue cards. Notes are fine to look at briefly every once
in a while, but natural conversation and eye contact with the camera are important. Don’t talk for too long at any one time. It’s not a good idea ‘live’, and can be worse
later if on videotape when the remote control fast-forward is available. Speak up if you’re having any problem with the audio or video picture. A technical
glitch won’t be held against you. Keep your hand or body movements down to a minimum. Rapid or repetitious
movements can look quite jerky on a video monitor.
Look at the camera full-on, head up. Talk to the camera as if someone were sitting right in
front of you. Speak normally as you would in a conversation, maintain eye contact and don’t
forget to smile.
Wear what you would usually wear in a face-to-face meeting, only using solid colors. Avoid
wearing plaid and striped patterns, or a white shirt or jacket on camera. Some cameras can
have focusing problems with very light clothing, and TV monitors tend to create fluctuating
patterns when trying to broadcast checkered or striped patterns.
Don’t get wrapped up in all the technology and how everything works. Remember to focus
on your presentation and goals during the interview.
Know how long the interview will last. Be aware of the time and make sure you can cover
your agenda in the allotted interview time.
Activity :
Mock Interview
UNIT-5
Resume writing-structure and presentation, planning, defining the career
objective. projecting ones strengths and skills-sets, summary, formats and
styles letter-writing.
Resume Writing:
A Resume is a selective record of an individual’s background. It is basically a professional
employment-seeking document that presents a summary of an individual’s education,
professional training, experience, skills, abilities, achievements, and references. It
introduces the individual to a potential employer. A resume is sent to prospective
employers when an applicant is seeking job interviews. So, the main objective of a resume
is winning a job interview by highlighting the applicant’s fitness for a particular position.
Writing an effective resume that represents one’s current skills, abilities,
and background is a challenge faced by all candidates. As a well-written persuasive resume
tailored to a specific job position immediately grabs the attention of an employer, it should
therefore, be made as persuasive as possible.
Structure and Planning:
There is no one right design for a resume. The design of a resume largely depends on a
person’s background, employment needs, career goals, and professional conventions in the
area of specialization. For best results, a resume must be designed to reflect the candidate’s
personality, employment goals, and his/her career aspirations. A resume should be original.
Although resume - writing software may be used to design a resume or it may written by a
professional resume writer/resume-writing services, it should be designed according to
individual needs.
However, whatever the resume design, the resume must answer the following questions.
(a) How can the employer contact the candidate?
(b) What are his/her career objectives?
(c) Which institution has been attended?
(d) What courses (academic or professional) has been completed?
(e) What is his/her work experience?
(f) What are his/her career achievements?
(g) What are his/her special skills or capabilities?
(h) What are the his/her awards or honors that he/she has received?
(i) What are his/her activities/special interests/hobbies?
(j) Who are his/her references?
Parts of Resume:
The standard parts of a resume include the heading, position, ought, career objective,
education, work experience, specific skills, achievements, activities, interests, and
references.
Heading: The heading of a resume includes contact information, which contains the
applicant’s name, full postal address with pin code, telephone number with area code, fax
number and e-mail address.
Position Sought: If applying for a solicited job position, the position sought should be
mentioned so that the employer is able to distinguish the application from those who might
have applied for other positions available in the company/organization.
Career Objective : Career objective is a special part in a resume. It occurs just above the
main experience and education parts. If responding to an advertised job position, The
resume should include the applicant’s career objective, which should be tailored to the
position he/she is seeking. Thus, it should be a specific one-sentence focused statement
expressing his career goals in relation to the targeted position. It should convey his/her
motivation and interest in the job he/she is seeking. The following are some examples.
1) To obtain a challenging position in a large software consulting organization
providing business consulting, application development, and product engineering
services, where understanding and experience of business process modeling and
organizational change management to suit customer needs can be used to achieve
set targets.
2) To contribute to the growth of a high technology materials engineering enterprise
by working in a position where I will have opportunities to utilize my exposure and
experience in modeling and designing steel structures, and my hands-on experience
In using FEM/FEA software.
Professional Summary: Some resumes may include a professional summary in place of
career objective. It is a one-sentence statement listing the applicant’s most important
qualification, his/her essential skills, and his/her key work experience. This part should be
included in the resume if the applicant wishes to highlight the relevance of his/her
qualifications, special skills, and key work experience to the position he/she is applying for.
Education: In this part of the resume, specific details regarding the applicant’s education
and professional training must be included. The name and location of the school /college
/university /institute attended, dates of attendance, major areas of study, degrees/certificates
received should be mentioned. The applicant’s grade point average /class/division if it is on
the higher side may also be mentioned. Relevant training programmes, special courses,
seminars and workshops that the applicant might have completed, attended, or conducted
should also be included .Reverse chronological order is used to list educational
information, that is, starting from the most recent educational information.
Work Experience: This part of the resume should provide a brief an specific overview of
the applicant’s work and professional experience.
Special Skills, Abilities, and aptitudes: In this part of the resume, the applicant’s special
skills, abilities and aptitudes that are of significance and of direct relevance to the job
applied for are listed. Examples of learned skills include computer programming, computer
processing, etc. Be selective and specific, highlighting only those skills and talents that are
relevant to the targeted job.
Activities and Interests: Extra-curricular, professional activities, and hobbies and interests
must be mentioned.
Achievements/Accomplishments/Honours: The applicant’s achievements,
accomplishments, and awards distinguish him from the rest. They convince the employer
that he/she is an achiever and therefore worth hiring.
References: Some employers need references from persons who know the applicant’s
work or professional competence through formal and professional interaction with him/her.
When applying for a solicited position where the employer wants references, the names of
three persons who can give letters of recommendations or references should be mentioned.
Resume Styles: Choosing an appropriate resume style largely depends on the applicant’s
qualifications, career goals, and personal preferences.
Chronological Resume: This is the most common resume style. It focuses on education
and experience. It organizes past employment record or education in reverse chronological
order. It lists work experience items or educational/professional qualifications starting with
the current or most recent and works backwards in time.
RAHUL ROYA-25/31,Banjara hills-2,Hyderabad-500340
POSITION SOUGHT Manager-Project
OBJECTIVE To contribute to the growth of a leading project management company by working in a challenging position where I will have opportunities to utilize my exposure to project management methodologies and experience as project leader in construction activities of large scale heavy engineering projects.
EXPERIENCE Project Leader: Dharampal Premchand Ltd., Banjarahills-2, Hyderabad-500 340.
December 2001 to present ▪ Complete civil projects within or ahead of the schedule through Strict planning, monitoring, and control while maintaining the Best construction standards. ▪ Supervise erection of auxiliary facilities like water treatment, ETP, cabling, piping and other utilities. ▪ Maintain customer relations through effective presentation of Technical expertise. Assistant Project Manager (CIVIL),Subhash Projects and Marketing Ltd.Park street,Kolkata.
December 1998 to November 2001 ▪ Assist in the project management of various civil works being Executed at site. ▪ Coordinate with Head Office, sites, various departments and Contractors. ▪ Maintain close liaison with clients
EDUCATION Pondicherry Engineering College,Pondicherry B.Tech in Civil Engineering, july 1998. Institute of Information Technology, Mumbai Certificate in Computer programming,December,1998.
SPECIAL SKILLS ▪ Professional in MS-DOS, Microsoft Windows, Excel, and. Word98 and 2000 ▪ Good problem-solving skills ▪ Excellent communication and Interpersonal skills. ▪ Competent in speaking French.
ACTIVITIES ▪ Member, Institution of Engineers, New Delhi ▪ Member, National cadet Corps,1994-96
INTERESTS ▪ Badminton, Football, Cycling ▪ Classsical Music , Movies.
Functional Resume: Unlike chronological resumes that focus on education and work
experience, functional resumes highlight accomplishments and emphasise skills. Some
employers are more interested in the applicant’s ability to handle the position they are
applying for, and they would prefer a functional resume rather than a chronological one. A
functional resume provides examples of experiences that demonstrate the skills needed for
the targeted position. The example of functional resume shown below.
RAHUL ROYA-25/31,Banjara hills-2,[email protected]
POSITION SOUGHT Manager-Project
OBJECTIVE To contribute to the growth of a leading project management company by working in a challengingPosition where I will have opportunities to utilize my exposure to project management methodologies and experience as project leader in construction activities of large scale heavy Engineering projects.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT▪ Assisted in the project management of various civil works being executed at site at Subhash Projects and Marketing Ltd.▪ Completed civil projects within or ahead of the schedule at Dharampal Premchand Ltd.▪ Maintained strict planning , monitoring and control while maintaining the best construction standards.▪ Supervised erection of auxiliary facilities like water treatment, ETP, cabling, piping, and other utilities.
COORDINATION AND CUSTOMER RELATION▪ Coordinated with Head Office, sites, various departments, and sub-contractors.▪ Maintained customer relations through effective presentation of technical expertise.▪ Maintained close liason with clients
SPECIAL SKILLS▪ Proficient in MS-DOS, Microsoft Windows Excel and Word 98 and 2000
▪ Good problem-solving skills.▪ Excellent communication and interpersonal skill▪ Competent in speaking French
EDUCATION Pondicherry Engineering College, Pondicherry.B.Tech in civil Engineering, July 1998Institute of Information Technology, MumbaiCertificate in Computer Programming, December,1998
EMPLOYMENT RECORD
2001/present Project Leader, Dharampal Premchand Ltd., Banjara hills-2,Hyderabad-5003401998/2001 Assistant Project Manager (Civil), Subhash Projects and Marketing Ltd,Park StreetACTIVITIES
▪Member ,Institution of Engineers, New Delhi▪Member, National Cadet Corps,1994-1996▪Secretary,Society for Promotion of Science, New Delhi
INTERESTS▪Badminton, Football, Cycling▪Classical Music, Movies, Fiction
Combination Resume :As the name suggests, a combination resume follows a mixed
style, drawing on the best characteristics of the chronological and functional resumes.It
highlight skills but includes detailed information about the candidate’s education and
work experience. Study the example below.
RAHUL ROYA-25/31, Banjara hills-2,Hyderabad-500340
SKILLS ▪ Conversant in structural steel design and fabrication ▪ Have sufficient exposure to project management methodologies ▪ Competent in managing construction activities of large scale Heavy Engineering Projects ▪ Good problem-solving skills ▪ Excellent communication and interpersonal skills. ▪ Competent in speaking French
EXPERIENCE Project Leader, Dharampal Premchand Ltd, Banjara hills-2, Hyderabad-500340. December 2001 to present ▪ Complete civil projects within or ahead of the schedule through Strict planning, monitoring and control while maintaining the best Construction standards. ▪ Supervise erection of auxiliary facilities like water treatment, ETP, cabling, piping and other utilities. ▪ Maintain customer relations through effective presentation of
technical expertise. Assistant Project Manager (Civil), Subhash Projects and Marketing Ltd, Park Street, Kolkata December 1998 to November 2001 ▪ Assist in the project management of various civil works being Executed at site. ▪ Coordinate with Head Office, sites, various departments, and sub- contractors. ▪ Maintain close liason with clients
EDUCATION Pondicherry Eng College, Pondicherry B.Tech in civil Engineering, july 1998. Institute of Information Technology, Mumbai Certificate in Computer Programming, December, 1998ACTIVITIES ▪ Member , Institution of Engineers, New Delhi ▪ Member, National Cadet Corps, 1994-1996. ▪ Secretary,Social for Promotion of Science,New DelhiINTERESTS ▪ Badminton, Football, Cycling ▪ Classical Music, Movies, Fiction.
Final Tips
Give the Resume a Professional Look
Be Fatual, Comlete and Objective
Use Appropriate Writing Style
Use Specific Details
Organise the Resume properly
Take care of Grammar, Usage, Vocabulary, Spelling and Punctuation.
UNIT-6 - Reading comprehension - reading for facts, guessing meanings from
context, scanning, skimming, inferring meaning, critical reading.
READING – A COMMUNICATIVE PROCESS:
What Bacon said years ago is still very relevant. Reading is an important communicative process and reading skills are probably the most important language skills required for academic and professional purposes. Quick, efficient, and imaginative reading techniques are essential in order to achieve academic success, because academic performance depends on the quantity and quality of reading.
Reading is a complex communicative process of receiving and interpreting the written word. It involves recognizing what is written and comprehending the matter that, understands the main and subsidiary points as well as links between different parts of the written material. While receiving and interpreting the written word, the reader is concerned with four factors, they are, and Decoding, Comprehending, Text analysis, and Response which comes under the Reading process as given in the Diagram below:
Decoding Comprehending Text Analysis Response
The Reading Process
“Decoding” or interpreting in reading refers to the process of changing the coded message into information. As it involves understanding the written language, it requires the ability to recognize words accurately, understand the definitions of the words being used, and the manners in which words are used in varying contexts. A written message can be decoded only if we know the language in which the message is encoded. As in the case of Decoding in listening the Decoding and Interpretation of a written message may be influenced by our social, cultural, educational, professional and intellectual frames of reference.
“Comprehension” in reading refers to the identification of the central theme, main ideas, supporting details, and writing patterns. In order to comprehend a technical message, we need to think critically and analytically about what we are reading so that we able to respond to the lexical meaning of words and the relationship between word to word and sentence to sentence.
After Decoding and Comprehending the literal meaning of a written message, its significance is evaluated and appropriate conclusions are drawn from it. “Text analysis” is essential for critical and evaluative understanding of a text. Text analysis refers to the process of identifying relationship among different units within the text in order to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information i.e; explicit and implicit information, facts and opinions, and examples and ideas and draw inferences and conclusions.
The reader reads letters and focuses on them in order to change the coded message in to information
The reader interprets the message and understands its literal meaning
The reader critically examines and evaluates the message
The reader responds to the message
“Response” is our action or reaction to the written message. It completes the reading process as it is the last step of reading. Our response to a text depends largely on our correct understanding and evaluation of the text.
READING FOR DIFFERENT KINDS OF TEXTS/ ASPECTS/PURPOSES:
1. Reading with a purposeEx:
To get an introductory idea of text; To get a broad understanding of the subject matter; To understand scientific ideas, theories, and principles; To obtain specific information; To understand new changes and development in a particular field To broaden one’s outlook and understanding To discover the author’s viewpoints; or To seek evidence for one’s own point of view and so on..!
2. Reading for Entertaining Messages/TextsEx:
To read a novel To read an entertaining write-up To read a joke for pleasure or Enjoyment.
3. Reading for General Messages/TextsEx:
To read News papers To read Journals To read magazines and their Articles
4. Reading for References MaterialsEx:
To read/refer for Train’s arriving and departing schedule in the list To read/refer for getting adequate meaning of any particular word
from any dictionary.
5. Reading for Business DocumentsEx:
Reading the administrative instructions Reading the business proposals Reading the company profiles and so on
6. Reading for Scientific and Technical TextsEx:
To read the binocular theory To read the Engineering drawing theory
7. Reading for factsEx:
To read the Discovery articles To read the Research theories on any specific factual aspect
8. Reading for guessing meaning from word structure and the contextEx:
To read the un known and difficult words or phrases once or twice to get competence according to the context of the content
KINDS OF READING STRATEGIES:
1. SCANNING2. SKIMMING3. INTENSIVE READING4. EXTENSIVE READING
1. SCANNING:
‘Scanning’ refers to the ability to locate specific information or facts as quickly as possible. While trying to look for the meaning of a word in a dictionary or looking for a telephone number in the telephone directory, just we scan and try to look for specific information with in that. A few examples are given below in terms of Scanning.
Ex: A specific point or in a text Relevant graphic details A formulae in a text A word in a dictionary Train or television schedules Any references or bibliographical listings Examination results Any notes/questions/remarks at the end of the text
The following suggestions are given below will help to increase proficiency at scanning.
They are;
a. Know what you want to findb. Do not read Every thingc. Use guides and AIDSd. Know the Organization of the Material to be Reade. Concentrate while scanning
`2. SKIMMING:
‘Skimming’ is a more sophisticated skill than scanning. It refers to the process of reading in order to get a rough idea of what the text or passage is all about. It
is a rapid reading teaching technique that prepares the reader for the detailed reading. The main objective of skimming is to understand the central idea using the reading strategy which involves quick reading and analysis.
Skimming is essential for better understanding of a text. Skimming should answer the following questions which will help to any particular text that is to be read.
1. What is the overall purpose of the text..?2. What is the central idea or theme…?3. What is the logical organization..? (General to specific, specific to general,
chronological, more important to less important, less important to more important, and so on.)
4. What does the author intend to do..? (Describe, instruct report, narrate, explain, argue, persuade, illustrate, and so on.)
5. What are the main points of the text..?
PREDICTION :
Prediction is, a technique in addition a rapid reading skill in other words we can simply say that, a kind of ‘Scanning’. It refers to the process of reading quickly in order to guess the information that a passage or text contains. An efficient reader is able to think ahead, hypothesise, and predict. Predictions about the content of a passage are generally based on headings, sub-headings, one’s background knowledge of the subject, graphic or non-verbal context such as graphs, diagrams, charts, and so on as well as linguistic clues.Prediction includes various micro-skills including the ability to:
Guess the information that the text contains; Use the index or chapter headings to roughly predict the central theme of the
text; Scan graphic or non-verbal context such as graphs, diagrams, charts and so
forth to predict the nature and scope of content; and Use discourse and linguistic clues.
Prediction involves a pre-reading survey of a text. The techniques of prediction involve:(a) glancing rapidly through the text, before reading any part of it, in order to
familiarize oneself with the subject:(b) guessing the information that the text contains:(c) recalling related information: and (d) analysing the aids in the text that might make reading faster and easier.
Thus, in order to predict and respond to the content of a text, the reader should run his/her eyes through the text, as fast he/she can in order to predict the information that the text contains.
3. INTENSIVE READING: In comparison to rapid reading skills, intensive reading is detailed reading that demands better concentration and motivation. The three rapid reading techniques of prediction, scanning, and skimming prepare the reader for intensive reading. If these techniques are used correctly and effectively, it will prepare the reader for the contents and provide better comprehension and retention of the information. Using prediction/scan/skim method gives the reader a correct beginning. It helps in concentrating and focusing on the reading assignment, which is essential for academic and professional reading.
Moreover, intensive reading requires text analysis for critical and evaluate understanding of a text. Text analysis is the process of identifying relationships among different units within the text in order to distinguish between
Relevant and irrelevant information, Facts and opinions, Explicit and implicit information, Examples and ideas, and Draw inferences and conclusions.
In nutshell, we need the following micro-skills of reading for intensive reading of a technical text:
(a) understanding major and minor details(b) distinguishing between factual and non-factual information.(c) Understanding the characteristics of a writer’s use of language.(d) Understanding and interpreting graphic information(e) Identifying and evaluating a writer’s attitude.(f) Understanding the author’s intention(g) Responding to more than the plain sense of the words(h) Distinguishing between explicit and implicit information(i) Drawing inferences and conclusions
Thus, in order to develop intensive reading skills, thorough reading practice is required.
5. EXTENSIVE READING: Extensive reading is nothing but critical reading which helps the reader to understand the depth of the content or context in other words author’s notion or intention which is given in the content. The reader here is in a position to predict as well as analyse the meanings given in the content. The reader here must be in a position to elicit information as well as think critically in order to analyse content in addition context and so on.
UNIT-7 - Technical Report writing - Types of formats and styles, subject matter – organization, clarity, coherence and style, planning ,data collection, tools, analysis
REPORT WRITING
In the modern times engineering, technology and commerce have expanded to a
great extent. They have occasioned the need for written reports. These reports are the
channels of valuable information. Report writing is, in a sense, the ultimate in business
communication. It calls for a considerably higher level of writing skills. Reports are of
various kinds, varying in terms of complexity and size. Reports are such a comman feature
that people in organizations, businesses and institutions, at various levels are called upon to
not only read related reports, but also write or associate with the preparation of the reports.
The person preparing the report must have a clear idea of the following.
(i) The subject of the report
(ii) The person who needs the report, and
(iii) The purpose for which the report will be used.
Engineers and scientists must be able to present information on their findings in
the form of a report.
A good report must also have clarity, brevity, accuracy, and completeness
They must also be objective. There are three sources of information for the report:
(i) Recorded information from previous reports, documents, files, books,
magazines, and journals.
(ii) Investgated information from questionnaires, interviews, and discussions.
(iii)First hand information from personal observations, tests and experiments.
Types of Reports :
▪ Routine reports such as Monthly Report, Performance Report, Review Report and Press
Report.
▪ Research Reports, Survey Reports and Special Reports.
▪ Enquiry Reports and Investigation Reports
▪ Confidential Reports.
▪ Information Reports and Analytical Reports
▪ Technical Reports
▪ Director’s Reports
▪ Annual reports
▪ Committee Reports
The structure of a short report is as follows :
(i) Terms of reference
(ii) Investigation procedure adopted
(iii) Findings from investigation
(iv) Conclusions drawn
(v) Recommendations.
The Structure of the detailed report is as follows :
(i) Title page
(ii) A table of contents
(iii) A synopsis
(iv) The body of the report
(a) Introduction
(b) Investigation methods adopted
(c) Findings from investigation
(d) Conclusions drawn
(e) Recommendations
(v) Acknowledgements
(vi) Appendixes
ESSENTIALS OF GOOD REPORT WRITING:
Issue in perspective
Authoritative facts and figures
Maintain a judicial approach
In-depth analysis
Alternative viewpoints
Appropriate annexures
There are three kinds of reports, namely:
(i) Feasibility Report, relating to the future.
(ii) Progress Report, relating to the present.
(iii) Evaluation Report, relating to the past, present and the future.
Nature of Feasibility Report : The term feasibility has two different meanings. In its
limited sense it means technically capable of being done, executed or effected. This is
technically feasibility. In it’s wider sense the term “feasibility” means suitable or
reasonable.
Feasibility covers five criteria, namely,
1. Effectiveness
2. Technical Feasibility
3. Desirability
4. Affordability
5. Preferability.
The last criterion should decide whether or not this project is preferable to any other
project, and why.The wider sense of feasibility may cover any other criteria depending
upon a given situation.Similarity, other types of reports have to follow this format. A
progress report should contain documentary evidence of progress. Progress reports are
written before the entire project is completed.
Model Feasibility Report
A REPORT UPON SUITABILITY OF A PLOT OF LAND FOR SETTLING UP A BRICK AND TILE
INDUSTRY MADE TO THE DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIES GOVT. OF ANDHRA PRADESH
By
N.SWARNA KUMAR
HYDERABAD
OCTOBER 16, 2009
INTRODUCTION
The present report has been prepared for submission to the department of Industries,
Government of Andhra Pradesh, and tile manufacturing unit near Ramachandrapuram
town on the Hyderabad – Mumbai Highway. This report has been necessitated by the
fact that Hyderabad and its surroundings are buzzing with unprecedented large scale
building activity which requires great loads of bricks and tiles.
DESCRIPTION OF THE SELECTED SITE:
After surveying a number of plots in and around Hyderabad and other adjoining areas ,
a plain vacant land measuring 10 acres near Ramachandrapuram town on the
Hyderabad-Mumbai National Highway, has been selected for the purpose of locating
the proposed brick and tile industry as a public sector unit. The site is surrounded by
tall palm trees which serve as a protection for the adjustment residential areas from any
pollution emitting from the giant kiln that way be construction on the plot.
FACILITIES AVAILABLE:
The selected site has a good number of advantages and facilities which are listed
below:
1.There is a water tank very close to the plot. The water available in the tank may be
used for wetting the buff-coloured clay which is also available all over the site.
2. The bricks and tiles manufactured on the site can be dried on the banks of the tank
and burnt with the firewood and coal available locally.
3. The local artisans provide cheap labour for making, burning and drying the bricks
and tiles.
4. The site is well-connected to other parts of the state of Andhra Pradesh by road and
rail, so the bricks and tiles produced at this kiln can be readily and easily transported to
other towns and cities.
PRESENT DEMAND AND FUTURE PROSPECTS:
Hyderabad is a very rapidly growing city with an ever increasing building activity.
Newer and newer townships are coming up with a number of multistoried office
complexes, residential flats and housing colonies in addition to innumerable institutions
of school and college education. All these require loads of bricks and tiles besides
cement and sand. All aided public institutions can obtain their required stocks from this
kiln. When production exceeds the local demand, the stocks can be supplied to other
towns and cities which require the material.
RECOMMENDATIONS: In view of the availability of a suitable plot of land very
close to Hyderabad city, immediate availability of facilities like raw materials, water,
transport and work hands, the present demand and future prospects, and grant of funds,
the tile and brick industry will be a physically, technically, monetarily, tactically and
strategically feasible and profitable. There are no better alternative sites and facilities.
The timing is appropriate and the proposal is flawless.
MODEL PROGRESS REPORT
INTRODUCTION:
This report has been prepared on the basis of the feasibility report that
recommended establishment of a brick and tile industry as a public sector unit 10 kms
north of Ramachandrapuram town on the Hyderabad-Mumbai Highway.
PREPARATION OF THE SITE:
The site was surveyed and a fence was put up. Rocks and brushwood were
cleared, and pits were filled. A temporary structure was built for the office and a shed
was put up for a godown. A borewell was sunk for the provision of water. To start with,
a dozen skilled and unskilled labourhands were recruited to work on monthly basis.
With the help of these workhands a giant kiln was constructed on the site with a
capacity to forge 25,000 bricks or tiles at a time.
PREPARATIONS MADE FOR ACQUIRING RAW MATERIAL :
The workhands transported to the kiln, loads of buff clay and sand, coal and
firewood. The first consignment of bricks and tiles were forged, burnt and dried. They
were stockpiled in the godown.
ORDER FOR SUPPLY :
A good number of contractors and builders of offices, schools, housing
complexes, bridges, and flyovers placed orders for supply huge stocks of bricks and
tiles. Work is in full swing to meet the growing demand for supply of the material.
EXPENDITURE AND PROFIT :
Excluding the cost of the site, the infrastructure and other incidents, the unit
made considerable profits within a short period of six months. The quality of the bricks
and tiles produced at this kiln were of a high quality being very strong and durable. So
far the net profits crossed an average of Rs. 5/- lakhs per month.
CONCLUSIONS:
On the basis of the popularity and profits of the unit, it is obvious that the unit
has a very bright future. It also has the potential of further expansion.
MODEL EVALUATION REPORT
INTRODUTION:
The report is based on the progress report that gave a promising picture of the
brick and tile industry as a public sector unit located 10 kms north of
Ramachandarpuram town on the Hyderabad-Mumbai Highway.
ASSETS OF THE UNIT :
Within a short time after its establishment, the brick and tile industry earned a
name for itself as,
(i) A reliable and consistent supplier
(ii) An uncompromising producer of quality goods
(iii) A timely supplier of sufficient stocks of goods
(iv) A service-oriented unit.
STRENGTHS OF THE UNIT:
The strengths of the unit are
(i) Sincere and honest workhands
(ii) Convenient locations within the easy reach of all concerned
(iii) Durable goods
(iv) Frequent quality testing and professional supervision
PROFIT LEVEL:
The unit has registered considerable profits within a year of starting the production. The unit has no financial problem. It is a healthy unit and has the potential to grow and has
the potential to grow and diversify its activities. It has earned enough capital to invest in further growth.
RECOMMENDATIONS:
The following recommendations are made for the further growth of the unit
I. One more giant kiln be built to meet the growing demands.
II. Production of solid and hollow concrete blocks be commissioned.
III. House building for low and middle income group people be considered.
IV. Office administration and record maintenance be computerized for greater efficiency.
V. Employees be paid production and profit oriented emoluments and bonus.
SHORT REPORTS
Sometimes short reports are also written in the letter form as follows:
Aug 10, 2002
To, The commissioner of school education Government of Andhra Pradesh Hyderabad.
Dear Sir,
Sub: Introducing Computer Education in School Curriculum
Ref: Your letter dated May 1, 2002
On 1st May this year you asked us to study the feasibility and desirable of introducing Computer Education in all the government, aided unaided schools in Andhra Pradesh keeping in view the changing trends of time. Accordingly, we have made an in depth study of the issue. The report is submitted as fallows:
ENQUIRIES MADE:
We met different levels of people to elicit their views on the feasibility or desirability of introducing Computer Education in Schools. The schedule of our meetings was as fallows :
May 3, 2002 : Met senior officials of the Department of School Education.
May 4-6, 2002 : Spoke to District Educational Officers in Person and
Telephone.
May 7-20, 2002 : Met representatives of private school managements,
Headmasters and staff of certain selected schools and discussed
the matter with them.
May 21-31, 2002 : Informally met the students of certain selected schools and
recorded their views. June 2-15, 2002 : Held informal discussions with the parents of school children.
June 17-20, 2002 : Met eminent educationalists and elicited their views.
PRESENT SITUATION:
At present the school curriculum does not provide for computer Education. The maximum focus is on conventional type of education. Science and occupy most of the space in the school curriculum. The office uses a computer system but the students are not exposed to the computer in any form. Most of the schools do not have even regular science laboratory facilities.
In fact, the school authorities do not bother to update the curriculum, but keep the students in the dark. They do not realize the importance and necessity of computer Education.
FUTURE POLICY:
Computer science together with information Technology is the only way out for most of the ills of the society. I t provides a new look and opens an unlimited scope for knowledge on an unprecedented scale and a high employment potential. In fact the Computer is known for its speed, accuracy and efficiency. The computer has become the base for study, understanding and evaluation of all other sciences. The foundations of Computer Education must be laid at school level itself so that the students can learn to appreciate the amazing potentialities of the computer at an early age. The whole world is
moving forward and our children should not lag behind. So the future policy of the authorities should be a computer-aided and computer-oriented school education for all its obvious advantages and benefits. All the officials, teacher, students and their parents have called for immediate introduction of computer Education in all the schools in A Andhra Pradesh.
RECOMMENDATIONS:
We therefore make the following recommendations:
I. A functional Computer Education curriculum be drafted and prescribed in all schools with effect from the academic year 2002-03.
II. All schools be provided with Computers along with necessary laboratory facilities.
III. Required number of trained teachers be appointed immediately.
We are unanimous in our opinion that these recommendations provide a sound basis for introducing Computer Education in all the schools in the state of Andhra Pradesh wit effect from AD 2002-2003.
Yours faithfully SIGNATURE WITH DESIGNATIONS XXXXXXXXXXX
1. Dr. C.V. VIDYANIDHI Vice-Chancellor Royal University NAGPUR.
2. Dr. S. SAMANTAKAMANI Vice-Chancellor Mahila University HYDERABAD.
A MODEL REPORT ON AN ACCIDENT
A Model Report submitted to the Chairman, Babu Industrial Gases (Pvt) Limited, Ramachandrapuram, on the gas accident that occurred in the Production Unit of Factory on Aug 1, 2000. A detailed enquiry has been made to identify the persons responsible for the accident, to estimate the extent of damage and loss, to determine how the accident started and to identify the causes of the accident.
LOCATION OF THE ACCIDENT :
The detailed inspection of the factory soon after the accident has confirmed the first information report that the accident started in the godown where empty gas cylinders were kept. This godown is adjacent to the actual gas chamber where the cylinders are filled, seated and made ready for transport.
TIME OF THE ACCIDENT : The accident occurred at 5pm On Aug 1, just as the staff were about to stop work for the day. Some employees as usual went round the factory switching off electrical connections and carrying out general check up.
PERSONS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ACCIDENT:
The firsthand account of the accident and the limited extent of damage confirm that no employee of the factory is responsible for the accident. No foul play or sabotage is suspected. It is a routine accident.
EXTENT OF DAMAGE OR LOSS:
The damage or loss caused by the gas accident inside the godown of the factory is not very serious; only three employees, who removed the gas masks after the day’s work, inhaled the leaking chlorine and felt suffocated. They were immediately shifted to Hospital. They are said to be out of danger.
HOW THE ACCIDENT OCCURRED:
The accident was caused by the leakage of chloride gas from loose pipe fittings. Obviously the leakage occurred just then and immediately the staff were alerted.
CAUSE OF THE ACCIDENT: The causes of the gas accident that has occurred in the factory are just routine or normal. The old pipe work and loose joints caused leakage of gas.
MEASURES TO PREVENT ACCIDENT IN FUTURE:
The following measures may be adopted to prevent gas accidents in future:
1. All the employees must wear the gas masks till they come out of the factory.
2. Old pipelines and fittings must be repaired and replaced from time to time.
3. All the main pipelines must be switched off immediately after the day’s work. CHIEF ENGINEER
