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Page 1
El Salvador
Energy Sector and Geothermal
Development in El Salvador
Ing. Luis Roberto Reyes
Executive Secretary
National Council of Energy
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El Salvador
General Information
Location Central America, between Guatemala and Honduras
bordering with the North Pacific Ocean
Territorial Extension: 21,040.79 km2
Population 6.249 million (63% urban, 37% rural)
Population Density 297 h/km2
Currency USD
Average monthly income
per household USD 506.91
Unemployment 6.1%
Underemployment 30.7%
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El Salvador
Energy Policy of El Salvador
strategic guidelines
I. Diversification of the energy mix and promotion of
renewable energy
II. Strengthening the institutional framework of the energy
sector and user protection
III. Promotion of a new culture of efficiency and energy
savings
IV. Expansion of coverage and preferential rates
V. Innovation and technological development
VI. Regional energy integration
Energy Sector The governing institution of the energy sector is the National Council of
Energy, and in 2010 was created the National Energy Policy
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El Salvador
Energy Sector Installed Capacity (2012): 1,477.2 MW
Electricity Generation (2012): 5,854 GW-h
Max. Demand (2012): 975 MW
Electrification rate: 93.6% Total
85.6% Rural
97.8% Urban
Distribution losses: 11%
Energy Prices 170-190 US$/MWh
Spot Market > 5 MW
High Potential for R.E: Small hydro, wind, biomass,
solar energy and geothermal
energy
Generation Companies: 19
Distribution Companies: 8
THERMIC 46.8%
HYDRO 32.0%
GEO 13,8%
BIOMASS 7.4%
POWER CAPACITY 2012
THERMIC 40.4%
HYDRO 31.5%
GEO 24,3%
BIOMASS3.8%
GENERATION 2012
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El Salvador
Geothermal Current Status
Two high-temperature geothermal fields under
concession to LaGeo (Ahuachapan and Berlin).
Total installed capacity of 204.4 MW
Represents approximately 25% of the national
energy consumption.
LaGeo has the concession of two more
geothermal fields of high temperature, San
Vicente and Chinameca. Ahuachapan Power Plant Berlin Power Plant
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El Salvador
Projects in Operation:
Geothermal Current Status
AHUACHAPAN POWER PLANT
Installed Capacity: 95 MW
Turbines:
- 2 Turbines (30 MW each), single
flashing, middle pressure
- 1 Turbine (35 MW) dual flashing,
low pressure
In operation since: 1975
BERLIN POWER PLANT
Installed Capacity: 109.4 MW
Turbines:
- 3 Turbines (28.1; 28.1 y 44 MW)
single flashing middle pressure.
- 1 Turbine (9.2 MW) binary cycle.
In operation since: 1992
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El Salvador
Geothermal Development
0
50
100
150
200
250
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
MW
GEOTHERMAL INSTALLED CAPACITY EVOLUTION
Source:“Geothermal Power
Generation in the World”. Ruggero
Bertani. Enel Green Power
COUNTRY
POWER
GENERATION
(GWh)
RANK
USA 16,603 1
PHILIPPINES 10,311 2
INDONESIA 9,600 3
MEXICO 7,047 4
ITALY 5,520 5
ICELAND 4,597 6
NEW ZEALAND 4,055 7
JAPAN 3,064 8
KENYA 1,430 9
El SALVADOR 1,422 10
COSTA RICA 1,131 11
TURKEY 490 12
GUINEA 450 13
RUSSIA 441 14
NICARAGUA 310 15
GUATEMALA 289 16
PORTUGAL 175 17
CHINA 150 18
FRANCE 95 19
GERMANY 50 20
ETHIOPIA 10 21
AUSTRIA 3.8 22
THAILAND 2.0 23
AUSTRALIA 0.5 24
0
200.000
400.000
600.000
800.000
1.000.000
1.200.000
1.400.000
1.600.000
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
GW
h
GEOTHERMAL GENERATION EVOLUTION 1975-2012
Ahuachapan Berlin Total
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El Salvador Other projects in development:
Regional Geothermal Training Program (CNE/UES/La
Geo)
Regional Geothermal Office - RGO (CNE/La Geo/
GIZ/IGA/GZB)
Road map to foster low enthalpy projects (CNE)
Electricity Generation with small scale projects
- < 5MW (low enthalpy), private companies
“Lago Coatepeque” Project ( private enterprise)
Chinameca Project (La Geo), in exploration
San Vicente Project (LaGeo), in exploration
Geothermal Development
Estimated Geothermal
Potential
high enthalpy 644 MW
low enthalpy 147 MW
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El Salvador
Regional Geothermal Training Program
Is an initiative for strengthening the academic and
technical skills in the development of geothermal
resources, primarily for professionals in Latin America
and the Caribbean.
is financed by IDB and NDF
The main objective of this program is to establish the
basis on which will be created a Regional
Geothermal Center for Research and Training,
globally recognized and located in El Salvador.
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El Salvador
Regional Geothermal Training Program
Between 2013 and 2015, the Program is going to train at
least 90 professionals form Latin America and the Caribbean.
And will grant 60 scholarships.
Any interested in participate in the geothermal training
courses can do it by self-financing the studies.
The first geothermal training course given by this program is
going to end in December 20113.
The next training course will start in June 2014
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El Salvador
Regional Geothermal Office - RGO
Objective:
Promote and coordinate research activities,
strengthen capacity building and supporting
businesses in the field of geothermal energy and
related areas in the countries of Central America.
Main activities:
Networking
Facilitate the implementation of educational and
training actions
Support the research activities in the geothermal area
(high and low enthalpy)
Facilitate seminars, conferences and workshops
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El Salvador
Road map to foster low enthalpy projects The government, in accordance with national development
objectives, has initiated a process to promote private
investment in low-enthalpy geothermal projects for
industrial and commercial applications.
With the support of the German cooperation agency, a
study was conducted to identify the entry barriers to these
projects in El Salvador.
Starting from this study we have developed a strategic
roadmap to phase out all identified barriers.
The long-term perspective of the government is take
advantage of this energy source to bring productive
investment in El Salvador.
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El Salvador
Future Perspectives of Geothermal Development
Continue running the Regional Geothermal Training
Program and create a Regional Geothermal Training
and Research Center for LAC
Incorporate the use of low enthalpy resources for
commercial and industrial applications to generate
new business options and diversify the energy mix
in El Salvador.
Due LaGeo’s core business is the electricity
generation, this company will keep expanding its
operations as geothermal generator in the high
enthalpy area.
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El Salvador El Salvador can offer:
Export of “know how” in geothermal high enthalpy development
(LaGeo)
Capacity building in high enthalpy issues (LaGeo/ UES/ CNE)
Investigation, studies and laboratory analysis (LaGeo)
El Salvador is looking for:
Innovative technologies for geothermal exploration/ exploitation
Innovative drilling technologies
Adapted financing tools (risk funding for exploration)
Special accessories (heat exchanger, anti corrosive pipes, est.) And
instruments (measuring and monitoring equipment's)
Technologies for exploration of low enthalpy geothermal projects
Special Fields of Interest
