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The Impact of El Nino on Global Hazards
What is El Nino?
El Niño Southern Oscillation, or ENSO, is a climate pattern that occurs across the tropical Pacific Ocean on average every five years, but over a period which varies from three to seven years.
It is characterised by the warming of the surface of the eastern Pacific Ocean and the dominance of low pressure in the atmosphere in that region.
Frequency of El Nino Events
Normal
El Nino
Normal
El Nino
El Nino Sea Surface Temperature
Normal Sea Surface Temperature
Global Impact of El Nino
Legend: Potential Areas Legend: Potential Areas Under Under
Severe drought impactsSevere drought impacts
Drought impacts with major Drought impacts with major losseslosses
Moderate drought impactsModerate drought impacts
Near normal to above normal Near normal to above normal conditioncondition
Way above normal conditionWay above normal condition
Flood damageFlood damage
Severe flood damageSevere flood damage
Analysing the Impact of El Nino on Droughts in The Philippines
Impact of El Nino On California
Flooding in San Francisco
During the winter of 1997-98, wind-driven waves and abnormally high sea levels significantly contributed to hundreds of millions of dollars in flood and storm damage in the San Francisco Bay region. Recent analyses by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists of nearly 100 years of sea-level records collected near the Golden Gate Bridge found that these abnormally high sea levels were the direct result of that year's El Niño atmospheric phenomenon.
The Impact of El Nino on Global Hazards