Ejemplos de aplicación de sistemas WAMS y Visión futura ... y Visión futura - SIEMENS Edwin Rodriguez SIEMENS S.A. ... Xs U U P This equation ... RTU vs Phasor Measurement Unit

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2013-04 Page 1

Ejemplos de aplicación de sistemas WAMS y Visión futura - SIEMENS

Edwin Rodriguez

SIEMENS S.A.


Content

Why WAM

PMU -> PDC -> PDP

System Structure & Components

PDP – UI

Application PSR

Application ISD

Application LTE

Further Applications

The SIGUARD Product Family

References


SIGUARD PDP

What is a phasor?

Phasor r rotates with angular

speed in complex plain.

Projection of real part shows sine

wave with frequency f and

amplitude r.

Thus three phase voltage or

current can be represented as

three phasors with 120°

difference between them

Source: Wikipedia Re

Im

f 2


Introduction

Why should we measure phasors?

Xs

U1 U2 )sin(

212

Xs

UUP

This equation means that active power flow is proportional

to the phase angle difference between U1 and U2.

Thus it is possible to measure power flow without

complicated algorithms as state estimator, power flow etc.


Comparison

RTU vs Phasor Measurement Unit

Measurements via RTU /

Substation Automation

Update slowly

(for example every 5 s)

No time correlation for

measurements

RMS values without

phase angles

Synchrophasors via PMU

Continous update

(measurement stream) with

for example 10 values per

second (= reporting rate)

Every measurement has a

timestamp

Phasor values (Amplitude

and phase angle) for

voltage and current


Content

Why WAM

PMU -> PDC -> PDP


PDP – UI

Application PSR

Application ISD

Application LTE



References


SIGUARD Phasor Data Processor

How to measure phasors

GPS Signal

V dt

df f I , , ,

IEEE C37.118


Measurable Phenomena

Inter - Area

Oscillations

1V

2V

Loss of

Synchronization

Line

Trip

f

t

Cascading

outages

P

V

Voltage

collapse

Reactive

power

shortage

Transmission

corridor

congestion

Heavy

Load

Loss of

Generation

Frequency

deviation

Local

Oscillations


SIGUARD PDP

What is Wide Area Monitoring?

A Wide Area Monitoring System consists of:

• At least two Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU):

• Connected to voltage and/or current transformer

• Creation of measurement samples (up to 50/60

samples per second)

• Time synchronization by e.g. GPS

• Conversion to a communication protocol (IEEE

C37.118)

• A communication network between PMU and

central computer

• IP based (TCP or UDP)

GPS Signal


Content

Why WAM

PMU -> PDC -> PDP


PDP – UI

Application PSR

Application ISD

Application LTE



References


SIGUARD PDP

Userinterface

Power System Status Curve

Monitoring of - Online view or - Historic view (selectable)

Phasor diagrams

Time charts

Geographical View

Event List


SIGUARD PDP User Interface

Customer benefits:

Power system status curve

actual situation and history at

glance

Overview with coloured status on

map

Flexible configuration of

measurements for analysis of

events

Change from online to archive

mode by one click

Favourites for important UI

configurations

Support for multi-monitor system

Event List and Alarm List


SIGUARD PDP Limit Editor


System Structure

SIGUARD Phasor Data Processor


SIGUARD PDP

Components (1/2)

The SIGUARD PDP components are:

• SIGUARD PDP Server with SIGUARD PDP Archive

The SIGUARD PDP server stores the information of the PMU devices and

makes it available to the other components. The SIGUARD PDP server stores

the information (measured values, events, and alarm indications) in an archive

and makes the further processing components, for example, SIGUARD PDP UI

available. The IEEE C37.118 protocol is used for communication with the

devices or another Phasor Data Concentrator.


SIGUARD PDP

Components (2/2)

• SIGUARD PDP ISD (Island State Detection)

This component evaluates frequency deviations and thereby detects the formation of an island within

the network.

• SIGUARD PDP PSR (Power Swing Recognition)

This component checks for poorly damped or undamped power swings.

• SIGUARD PDP VSC (Voltage Stability Curve)

This component shows the actual operating point on a voltage-power-curve.

• SIGUARD PDP LTE (Line Thermal Estimation)

This component calculates the Line Resistance and Temperature

• SIGUARD PDP COM (Communication)

This component conveys the data and information via a IEEE C37.118 connection to another PDP

system (for example, a second SIGUARD PDP).

• SIGUARD PDP UI (User Interface)

This component is the SIGUARD PDP user interface. You can use it to display and analyze the

information in online mode (real time) and offline mode (data from archive).

• SIGUARD PDP Engineer

This component is the SIGUARD PDP parameterizing tool.


Structure of a Wide Area

Monitoring System

PDC: Phasor Data Concentrator

User Interface 1 User Interface 8

PMU 1 PMU 2 PMU n

IEEE C 37 . 118

PDC 1

PDC 2

ICCP

to Control Center

Region 1 Region 2

3rd

Party* *devices must be able

to use IEEE C37.118

Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC) processes the data from up to

4,000 measuring channels (e.g. phasors, analog/digital

measured values) and 1,000 calculated values.

Number of PMU connected to the SIGUARD PDP depends on

the number of measuring channels per PMU (100 PMUs

shouldn’t be a problem).


Content

Why WAM

PMU -> PDC -> PDP


PDP – UI

Application PSR

Application ISD

Application LTE



References


SIGUARD PDP

Representation of PSR results in Map

One PMU is

observing the active

power of one

particular station.

A pair of PMU

observing the phase

angle difference

between the two PMU

locations.


SIGUARD PDP

Practical application of PSR


SIGUARD PDP

PSR overview diagram

All identified oscillations can be shown in a frequency - damping - chart:

Power Swing Recognition overview

damping / 1/s-0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2

f / Hz

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

uncritical critical

Damping 5% Damping 3%

Colour is set by DOE

(contains magnitude)

Damping [%] = Damping [1/s]

2 π f


SIGUARD PDP

Selection of detailed PSR result curves in UI

• All result values can be shown as charts (as

known from measurements)

• Available curves per observing object:

• Source signal

• Per power swing mode:

• Frequency

• Magnitude

• Damping ratio

• Criticality (Degree of Exposure)

• Additionally traffic light indication shows the

actual DOE per observing object and mode

• values will be send back to PDP for archiving

and monitoring


Content

Why WAM

PMU -> PDC -> PDP


PDP – UI

Application PSR

Application ISD

Application LTE



References


SIGUARD PDP

Island State Detection (ISD)

Island State Detection


Content

Why WAM

PMU -> PDC -> PDP


PDP – UI

Application PSR

Application ISD

Application LTE



References


SIGUARD PDP

Line Thermal Estimation

Line Thermal Estimation

Calculates the average line temperature from the actual resistance

2 PMUs at each line end necessary


Content

Why WAM

PMU -> PDC -> PDP


PDP – UI

Application PSR

Application ISD

Application LTE



References


Application of Wide Area Monitoring

Optimal Loading of transmission corridors with voltage-power-curve („nose curve“)

• Gives an actual picture of power flow and reserves


SIGUARD®

The family of Power System Security Solutions

SIGUARD is an innovative solution

that helps ensure reliable power

supply at all times

SIGUARD PDP: „Phasor Data Processor“

for acquisition, management and analysis of PMU

measurements

SIGUARD DSA: “Dynamic Stability Assessment“ for

evaluation of the impact of contingencies on power

system stability and it’s improvement

SIGUARD PSA: “Protection Security Assessment” for

evaluation, auditing and improvement of the protection

system


What is needed for Dynamic Stability Assessment?

Key skills of DSA

Adequate models

Fast simulation engine

Knowledge to grade system stability

Effective visualization

Knowledge to find counter measures


SIGUARD® DSA

Easy to Use: Continuous Procedure

time

Wo

rkin

g p

oin

t

now

forecasts

System State Dynamic Analysis

Se

ve

rity

Voltage Security

Index

1.00

.75

.50

.25

0

Colour Code

Visualization

- Re-dispatch

- tap-changer blocking

- load shedding

- ...

Measures

http://www.dpannhorst.de/x.zip







2013-03

C. Heyde,

R. Krebs Page 33 SIGUARD® DSA Cockpit

Application Platform

START

Computation

Margins &

Criteria

Index Selection Ranking

Small Signal

Stability

Margin Calculation

Transient

Stability

Margin Calculation

Voltage

Stability

Margin Calculation

U

P

t fault

f

σ

5%

Visualization &

Reporting

Result

Database

SCADA

Snapshot

SC

AD

A

SIG

UA

RD

® P

DP

Mo

nito

ring

SC

AD

A

Sc

hed

ule

/ Red

isp

atc

h

RD

C

Contingencies &

Measures

Contingencies,

Measures

Interface

Protection

Selector

Protection

Database

Energy Trade, Renewable and Load Forecast

Steady-State Network

Database

Dynamic Network

Database

Automatic

Contingencies &

Measures

Scenarios

Computation

Engine

PS

S® S

uite


SIGUARD® DSA


time

Wo

rkin

g p

oin

t

now

forecasts


Se

ve

rity

Voltage Security

Index

1.00

.75

.50

.25

0

Colour Code

Visualization

- Re-dispatch


- load shedding

- ...

Measures








SIGUARD® DSA

Data Aggregation: Stability Indices and Grid Code

Requirements

Voltage Stability

Small signal stability

Angle

Energy margin

Maximum frequency deviation

Frequency recovery time

Frequency gradient

Dynamic voltage

Quasi-steady-state voltage

Fault ride through

Line power flow

Load shedding

Transformer power flow

Nodal loading

Resu

lts S

cali

ng

Voltage Stability Index (VSI)

Small Signal Stability Index (SSSI)

Angle Index (AI)

Energy Margin Index (EMI)

Maximum Frequency Deviation Index (MFDI)

Frequency Recovery Time Index (FRTI)

Frequency Gradient Index (FGI)

Dynamic Voltage Index (DVI)

Quasi-Steady-State Voltage Index (QSVI)

Fault Ride Through Index (VRTI)

Line Power flow Index (LPFI)

Load Shedding Index (LSI)

Transformer Power Flow Index (TPFI)

Nodal Loading Index (NLI)

0 …

1


Angle Index (AI)

SIGUARD® DSA

Data Aggregation: Transient Generator Stability – Angle

Index

,max

1...,max,

min 1, maxG

ci

i Nc adm

AI

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 -40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

Ro

tor

an

gle

Time

index range: 0…1

Limit


SIGUARD® DSA


time

Wo

rkin

g p

oin

t

now

forecasts


Se

ve

rity

Voltage Security

Index

1.00

.75

.50

.25

0

Colour Code

Visualization

- Re-dispatch


- load shedding

- ...

Measures








SIGUARD® DSA

Data Aggregation: Ranking of Stability Indices and Grid

Code Requirements

Grid Code Compliance and

Stability Signal Light

1.0 INCOMPLIANT / INSECURE

0.0

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

COMPLIANT / SECURE

b

a

c

Stability

FIS

(Fuzzy

Inference

System)

Frequency Recovery

Time Index

Maximum Frequency

Deviation Index

SSSI

AI

Frequency

FIS

Frequency Gradient

Index

FGI

FRTI

MFDI

Angle Index

Small Signal Stability

Index

Quasi Stationery

Voltage Index

Dynamic Voltage

Index

Voltage

FIS

Voltage Ride

Through Index

VRTI

QSVI

DVI

Load Shedding

Index

Line Power Flow

Index

Power Flow

FIS

Transformer Power

Flow Index

TPFI

LSI

LPFI

EMIEnergy Margin Index

Nodal Loading IndexNLI

Security

FIS

FSIFVI

FFI

FPIFDSI

Voltage Stability

Index

VSI


SIGUARD® DSA


time

Wo

rkin

g p

oin

t

now

forecasts


Se

ve

rity

Voltage Security

Index

1.00

.75

.50

.25

0

Colour Code

Visualization

- Re-dispatch


- load shedding

- ...

Measures








SIGUARD® DSA - Data Aggregation and Visulisation Cockpit


Key features of UIs

SIGUARD® DSA - Handling

Four-Layer Results-Representation

interactive results visualization

from aggregated information towards

highly detailed expert knowledge


SIGUARD® DSA - Handling

Four-Layer Results-Representation

- interactive results visualization

- from aggregated information towards

highly detailed expert knowledge

pre-contingency

post-contingency

current

working

point

history forecast

Effectiveness of measure


Key features of Single Lines

SIGUARD® DSA - Handling Interactive Single Line

interactive results visualization

allows also parametrization on single

line basis instead of table basis


SIGUARD® DSA Setup

PSS®/E PSS®/E PSS®/E PSS®/E files

Integrated with

Spectrum Power

Standalone with

any EMS

Steady-state snapshopts


Content

Why WAM

PMU -> PDC -> PDP


PDP – UI

Application PSR

Application ISD

Application LTE



References


Reference:

TenneT TSO, Germany

Description:

20 PMUs on 400kV Level in all parts of

TenneT TSO-grid in Germany

One central SIGUARD PDP Monitoring

system in Bayreuth

PMU-data sent via existing fast

communication network from

transpower

Running in a test-configuration since

March 2009

Reporting rate 10/s, nominal frequency

= 50 Hz


6 SIMEAS-R PMUs

Connection to WAMS of

TenneT Germany is

planned

Reference:

TenneT Netherlands, Arnhem

IEEE C37.118


Reference:

ewz (city supplier of Zurich), switzerland

Description:

18 PMUs on distribution and transmission level in greater Zurich area

One central SIGUARD PDP Monitoring system in ewz office

PMU-data sent via existing fast communication network from ewz

Running since May 2009

Reporting rate 25/s, nominal frequency = 50 Hz

PDP server functionality to SAFIR (data aquisition tool)

Goals:

Fast Fault location in distribution network

Synchrophasors used as additional information source for disturbance location

Monitoring of the complete distribution network, especially at the interfaces

to transmission network

Experiences:

PDP server functionality (sending out PMU data in IEEE C37.118 protocol)

is implemented for the first time


Reference:

Power Grid India, Eastern Region

8 PMUs

SIPROTEC5

Documents

Ejemplos de aplicación de sistemas WAMS y Visión futura ... y Visión futura - SIEMENS Edwin Rodriguez SIEMENS S.A. ... Xs U U P This equation ... RTU vs Phasor Measurement Unit