Einführung in Linux/UNIX – Anhang · V Karlsruher Test 466. INHALT 1 ... 4 100 4 4 100 eot ... 8 1000 10 8 1000 bs 9 1001 11 9 1001 ht 10 1010 12 a 1.0 lf 11 101 13 b 1.1 vt 12

Einführung inLinux/UNIX – Anhang

Wulf Alex

2008

Karlsruhe

Copyright 2000–2008 by Wulf Alex, Karlsruhe

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this docu-ment under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free SoftwareFoundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts,and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in thesection entitled GNU Free Documentation License on page 491.

Ausgabedatum: 18. November 2008.

Email: [email protected]

Dies ist ein Skriptum. Es ist unvollständig und enthält Fehler.

Geschützte Namen wie UNIX oder PostScript sind nicht gekenn-zeichnet.

Geschrieben mit dem Texteditor vi, formatiert mit LATEX unterDebian GNU/Linux.

Die Skripten liegen unter folgenden URLs zum Herunterladenbereit:

http://www.alex-weingarten.de/skripten/http://www.abklex.de/skripten/

Besuchen Sie auch die Seiten zu meinen Büchern:

http://www.alex-weingarten.de/debian/http://www.abklex.de/debian/

Von dem Skriptum gibt es neben der Normalausgabe eine Ausga-be in kleinerer Schrift (9 Punkte), in großer Schrift (14 Punkte)sowie eine Textausgabe für Leseprogramme (Screenreader).

Vorwort

There is an old system called UNIX,suspected by many to do nix,

but in fact it does morethan all systems before,

and comprises astonishing uniques.

Die Skripten richten sich an Leser mit wenigen Vorkenntnis-sen in der Elektronischen Datenverarbeitung; sie sollen – wieFRITZ REUTERS Urgeschicht von Meckelnborg – ok för Schaul-kinner tau bruken sin. Für die wissenschaftliche Welt zitiere ichaus dem Vorwort zu einem Buch des Mathematikers RICHARDCOURANT: Das Buch wendet sich an einen weiten Kreis: an Schü-ler und Lehrer, an Anfänger und Gelehrte, an Philosophen undIngenieure. Das Lernziel ist eine Vertrautheit mit Betriebssyste-men der Gattung UNIX einschließlich Linux, der Programmier-sprache C/C++ und dem weltumspannenden Internet, die so weitreicht, dass der Leser mit der Praxis beginnen und sich selbstän-dig weiterbilden kann. Ausgelernt hat man nie.

Zusammen bildeten die Skripten die Grundlage für das BuchUNIX. C und Internet, im Jahr 1999 in zweiter Auflage imSpringer-Verlag erschienen (ISBN 3-540-65429-1). Das Buch istvergriffen und wird auch nicht weiter gepflegt, da ich mich aufDebian GNU/Linux konzentriere. Meine Debian-Bücher (ISBN3-540-43267-1 und 3-540-23786-0) sind ebenfalls bei Springer er-schienen, aber nicht im Netz veröffentlicht. Die Skripten dage-gen bleiben weiterhin im Netz verfügbar und werden bei Gele-genheit immer wieder überarbeitet.

Warum ein Linux/UNIX? Die Betriebssysteme der GattungUNIX laufen auf einer Vielzahl von Computertypen. Unter denverbreiteten Betriebssystemen sind sie die ältesten und ausge-reift. Die UNIXe haben sich lange ohne kommerzielle Einflüs-se entwickelt und tun das teilweise heute noch, siehe Linux,FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD und andere. Programmierer, nichtdas Marketing, haben die Ziele gesetzt. Die UNIXe haben vonAnfang an gemischte Hardware und die Zusammenarbeit meh-rerer Benutzer unterstützt. In Verbindung mit dem X Window

iii

iv

System, einem netzfähigen Fenstersystem, sind die UNIXe un-ter den Betriebssystemen mittlerer Größe die leistungsfähigs-ten. Linux/UNIX-Rechner waren von Anbeginn im Internet da-bei und haben seine Entwicklung bestimmt.

Warum C/C++? Die universelle Programmiersprache C mitihrer mächtigen Erweiterung C++ ist – im Vergleich zu BASICetwa – ziemlich einheitlich. Der Anfang ist leicht, an die Grenzenstoßen wenige Benutzer. Das Zusammenspiel zwischen C/C++-Programmen und Linux/UNIX funktioniert reibungslos.

Warum das Internet? Das Internet ist das größte Computer-netz dieser Erde, ein Zusammenschluss vieler regionaler Netze.Ursprünglich auf Hochschulen und Behörden beschränkt, sindmittlerweile auch Industrie, Handel und Privatpersonen betei-ligt. Unser berufliches Leben und zunehmend unser privatesDasein werden vom Internet berührt. Eine Email-Anschrift istso wichtig geworden wie ein Telefonanschluss. Als Informations-quelle ist das Netz unentbehrlich.

Bei der Stoffauswahl habe ich mich von meiner Arbeit als Be-nutzer, Verwalter und Programmierer leiten lassen. BesondererWert wird auf die Erläuterung der zahlreichen Fachbegriffe ge-legt, die dem Anfänger das Leben erschweren. Die typische Fra-ge, vor der auch ich immer wieder stehe, lautet: Was ist XYZ undwozu kann man es gebrauchen? Hinsichtlich vieler Einzelheitenverweise ich auf die Referenz-Handbücher zu den Rechenanla-gen und Programmiersprachen oder auf Monografien, um denText nicht über die Maßen aufzublähen; er ist ein Kompromissaus Breite und Tiefe. Alles über UNIX, C und das Internet istkein Buch, sondern ein Bücherschrank.

An einigen Stellen gehe ich außer auf das Wie auch auf dasWarum ein. Von Zeit zu Zeit sollte man den Blick weg von denWellen auf das Meer richten, sonst erwirbt man nur kurzlebigesWissen.

Man kann den Gebrauch eines Betriebssystems, einer Pro-grammiersprache oder der Netzdienste nicht allein aus Büchernerlernen – das ist wie beim Klavierspielen oder Kuchenbacken.Die Beispiele und Übungen wurden auf einer Hewlett-Packard9000/712 unter HP-UX 10.20 und einem PC der Marke Weingar-tener Katzenberg Auslese unter Debian GNU/Linux entwickelt.Als Shell wurden Bourne-Abkömmlinge bevorzugt, als Compiler

v

wurde neben dem von Hewlett-Packard der GNU gcc verwendet.Die vollständigen Quellen der Beispiele stehen im Netz.

Dem Text liegen eigene Erfahrungen aus fünf Jahrzehntenzugrunde. Seine Wurzeln gehen zurück auf eine Erste Hilfe fürBenutzer der Hewlett-Packard 9000 Modell 550 unter HP-UX, imJahr 1986 aus zwanzig Aktenordnern destilliert, die die Maschi-ne begleiteten. Gegenwärtig verschiebt sich der Schwerpunkt inRichtung Debian GNU/Linux. Ich habe auch fremde Hilfe bean-sprucht und danke Kollegen in den Universitäten Karlsruhe undLyon sowie Mitarbeitern der Firmen IBM und Hewlett-Packardfür schriftliche Unterlagen und mündlichen Rat sowie zahlrei-chen Studenten für Anregungen und Diskussionen. Darüber hin-aus habe ich fleißig das Internet angezapft und viele dort umlau-fende Guides, Primers, HOWTOs, Tutorials und Sammlungenvon Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) verwendet.

Weingarten (Baden), 15. Februar 2006 Wulf Alex

InhaltA Zahlensysteme 2

B Zeichensätze und Sondertasten 9B.1 EBCDIC, ASCII, Roman8, IBM-PC . . . . . . . . 9B.2 German-ASCII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16B.3 ASCII-Steuerzeichen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16B.4 Latin-1 (ISO 8859-1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17B.5 Latin-2 (ISO 8859-2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24B.6 HTML-Entities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26B.7 Sondertasten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

C Typografische Maße 31C.1 Papierformate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31C.2 Schriftgrößen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

D Farben 33D.1 RGB-Farbwerte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33D.2 X11-Farben . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33D.3 HTML-Farben . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

E Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) 36

F Die wichtigsten UNIX-Kommandos 40

G Vergleich UNIX – DOS-Kommandos 46

H Besondere UNIX-Kommandos 48H.1 vi(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48H.2 emacs(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49H.3 joe(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49H.4 Drucken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50H.5 ftp(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

I UNIX-Dateisystem 52I.1 Zugriffsrechte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

vi

INHALT vii

I.2 Kennungen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

J UNIX-Systemaufrufe 63

K UNIX-Signale 66

L Videomodi des Linux-Kerns 68

M C-Lexikon 70M.1 Schlüsselwörter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70M.2 Operatoren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73M.3 Standardfunktionen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74M.4 printf(3), scanf(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79M.5 Include-Dateien . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79M.6 Präprozessor-Anweisungen . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

N Slang im Netz 82

O Beispiele LaTeX 90O.1 Textbeispiel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90O.2 Gelatexte Formeln . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95O.3 Formeln im Quelltext . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

P Spezielle Sprachen 106P.1 Hayes-Modem-Kommandos . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Q ISO 3166 Ländercodes 109

R Requests For Comment (RFCs) 112R.1 Ausgewählte RFCs, ohne FYIs . . . . . . . . . . . 113R.2 1.-April-RFCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118R.3 Alle FYIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120R.4 Alle BCPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

S Internet-Protokolle 126

T Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) 129

U Abkürzungen aus Informatik und Telekommunika-tion 131

V Karlsruher Test 466

INHALT 1

W GNU Lizenzen 482W.1 GNU General Public License . . . . . . . . . . . . 482W.2 GNU Free Documentation License . . . . . . . . 491

X Zeittafel 502

A Zahlensysteme

... aber die Daten fehlen, um den ganzenNonsens richtig zu überblicken –

Benn, Drei alte Männer

Außer dem Dezimalsystem sind das Dual-, das Oktal- unddas Hexadezimalsystem gebräuchlich. Ferner spielt das Binärcodierte Dezimalsystem (BCD) bei manchen Anwendungeneine Rolle. Bei diesem sind die einzelnen Dezimalstellen für sichdual dargestellt. Die folgende Tabelle enthält die Werte von 0 bisdezimal 255. Bequemlichkeitshalber sind auch die zugeordnetenASCII-Zeichen aufgeführt.

dezimal dual oktal hex BCD ASCII0 0 0 0 0 nul1 1 1 1 1 soh2 10 2 2 10 stx3 11 3 3 11 etx4 100 4 4 100 eot5 101 5 5 101 enq6 110 6 6 110 ack7 111 7 7 111 bel8 1000 10 8 1000 bs9 1001 11 9 1001 ht

10 1010 12 a 1.0 lf11 101 13 b 1.1 vt12 1100 14 c 1.10 ff13 1101 15 d 1.11 cr14 1110 16 e 1.100 so15 1111 17 f 1.101 si16 10000 20 10 1.110 dle17 10001 21 11 1.111 dc118 10010 22 12 1.1000 dc219 10011 23 13 1.1001 dc320 10100 24 14 10.0 dc421 10101 25 15 10.1 nak22 10110 26 16 10.10 syn

2

3

23 10111 27 17 10.11 etb24 11000 30 18 10.100 can25 11001 31 19 10.101 em26 11010 32 1a 10.110 sub27 11011 33 1b 10.111 esc28 11100 34 1c 10.1000 fs29 11101 35 1d 10.1001 gs30 11110 36 1e 11.0 rs31 11111 37 1f 11.1 us32 100000 40 20 11.10 space33 100001 41 21 11.11 !34 100010 42 22 11.100 ”35 100011 43 23 11.101 #36 100100 44 24 11.110 $37 100101 45 25 11.111 %38 100110 46 26 11.1000 &39 100111 47 27 11.1001 ’40 101000 50 28 100.0 (41 101001 51 29 100.1 )42 101010 52 2a 100.10 *43 101011 53 2b 100.11 +44 101100 54 2c 100.100 ,45 101101 55 2d 100.101 -46 101110 56 2e 100.110 .47 101111 57 2f 100.111 /48 110000 60 30 100.1000 049 110001 61 31 100.1001 150 110010 62 32 101.0 251 110011 63 33 101.1 352 110100 64 34 101.10 453 110101 65 35 101.11 554 110110 66 36 101.100 655 110111 67 37 101.101 756 111000 70 38 101.110 857 111001 71 39 101.111 958 111010 72 3a 101.1000 :59 111011 73 3b 101.1001 ;60 111100 74 3c 110.0 <61 111101 75 3d 110.1 =62 111110 76 3e 110.10 >

4 ANHANG A. ZAHLENSYSTEME

63 111111 77 3f 110.11 ?64 1000000 100 40 110.100 @65 1000001 101 41 110.101 A66 1000010 102 42 110.110 B67 1000011 103 43 110.111 C68 1000100 104 44 110.1000 D69 1000101 105 45 110.1001 E70 1000110 106 46 111.0 F71 1000111 107 47 111.1 G72 1001000 110 48 111.10 H73 1001001 111 49 111.11 I74 1001010 112 4a 111.100 J75 1001011 113 4b 111.101 K76 1001100 114 4c 111.110 L77 1001101 115 4d 111.111 M78 1001110 116 4e 111.1000 N79 1001111 117 4f 111.1001 O80 1010000 120 50 1000.0 P81 1010001 121 51 1000.1 Q82 1010010 122 52 1000.10 R83 1010011 123 53 1000.11 S84 1010100 124 54 1000.100 T85 1010101 125 55 1000.101 U86 1010110 126 56 1000.110 V87 1010111 127 57 1000.111 W88 1011000 130 58 1000.1000 X89 1011001 131 59 1000.1001 Y90 1011010 132 5a 1001.0 Z91 1011011 133 5b 1001.1 [92 1011100 134 5c 1001.10 \93 1011101 135 5d 1001.11 ]94 1011110 136 5e 1001.100 ^95 1011111 137 5f 1001.101 _96 1100000 140 60 1001.110 ‘97 1100001 141 61 1001.111 a98 1100010 142 62 1001.1000 b99 1100011 143 63 1001.1001 c

100 1100100 144 64 1.0.0 d101 1100101 145 65 1.0.1 e102 1100110 146 66 1.0.10 f

5

103 1100111 147 67 1.0.11 g104 1101000 150 68 1.0.100 h105 1101001 151 69 1.0.101 i106 1101010 152 6a 1.0.110 j107 1101011 153 6b 1.0.111 k108 1101100 154 6c 1.0.1000 l109 1101101 155 6d 1.0.1001 m110 1101110 156 6e 1.1.0 n111 1101111 157 6f 1.1.1 o112 1110000 160 70 1.1.10 p113 1110001 161 71 1.1.11 q114 1110010 162 72 1.1.100 r115 1110011 163 73 1.1.101 s116 1110100 164 74 1.1.110 t117 1110101 165 75 1.1.111 u118 1110110 166 76 1.1.1000 v119 1110111 167 77 1.1.1001 w120 1111000 170 78 1.10.0 x121 1111001 171 79 1.10.1 y122 1111010 172 7a 1.10.10 z123 1111011 173 7b 1.10.11 124 1111100 174 7c 1.10.100 |125 1111101 175 7d 1.10.101 126 1111110 176 7e 1.10.110 ~127 1111111 177 7f 1.10.111 del128 10000000 200 80 1.10.1000129 10000001 201 81 1.10.1001130 10000010 202 82 1.11.0131 10000011 203 83 1.11.1132 10000100 204 84 1.11.10133 10000101 205 85 1.11.11134 10000110 206 86 1.11.100135 10000111 207 87 1.11.101136 10001000 210 88 1.11.110137 10001001 211 89 1.11.111138 10001010 212 8a 1.11.1000139 10001011 213 8b 1.11.1001140 10001100 214 8c 1.100.0141 10001101 215 8d 1.100.1142 10001110 216 8e 1.100.10


143 10001111 217 8f 1.100.11144 10010000 220 90 1.100.100145 10010001 221 91 1.100.101146 10010010 222 92 1.100.110147 10010011 223 93 1.100.111148 10010100 224 94 1.100.1000149 10010101 225 95 1.100.1001150 10010110 226 96 1.101.0151 10010111 227 97 1.101.1152 10011000 230 98 1.101.10153 10011001 231 99 1.101.11154 10011010 232 9a 1.101.100155 10011011 233 9b 1.101.101156 10011100 234 9c 1.101.110157 10011101 235 9d 1.101.111158 10011110 236 9e 1.101.1000159 10011111 237 9f 1.101.1001160 10100000 240 a0 1.110.0161 10100001 241 a1 1.110.1162 10100010 242 a2 1.110.10163 10100011 243 a3 1.110.11164 10100100 244 a4 1.110.100165 10100101 245 a5 1.110.101166 10100110 246 a6 1.110.110167 10100111 247 a7 1.110.111168 10101000 250 a8 1.110.1000169 10101001 251 a9 1.110.1001170 10101010 252 aa 1.111.0171 10101011 253 ab 1.111.1172 10101100 254 ac 1.111.10173 10101101 255 ad 1.111.11174 10101110 256 ae 1.111.100175 10101111 257 af 1.111.101176 10110000 260 b0 1.111.110177 10110001 261 b1 1.111.111178 10110010 262 b2 1.111.1000179 10110011 263 b3 1.111.1001180 10110100 264 b4 1.1000.0181 10110101 265 b5 1.1000.1182 10110110 266 b6 1.1000.10

7

183 10110111 267 b7 1.1000.11184 10111000 270 b8 1.1000.100185 10111001 271 b9 1.1000.101186 10111010 272 ba 1.1000.110187 10111011 273 bb 1.1000.111188 10111100 274 bc 1.1000.1000189 10111101 275 bd 1.1000.1001190 10111110 276 be 1.1001.0191 10111111 277 bf 1.1001.1192 11000000 300 c0 1.1001.10193 11000001 301 c1 1.1001.11194 11000010 302 c2 1.1001.100195 11000011 303 c3 1.1001.101196 11000100 304 c4 1.1001.110197 11000101 305 c5 1.1001.111198 11000110 306 c6 1.1001.1000199 11000111 307 c7 1.1001.1001200 11001000 310 c8 10.0.0201 11001001 311 c9 10.0.1202 11001010 312 ca 10.0.10203 11001011 313 cb 10.0.11204 11001100 314 cc 10.0.100205 11001101 315 cd 10.0.101206 11001110 316 ce 10.0.110207 11001111 317 cf 10.0.111208 11010000 320 d0 10.0.1000209 11010001 321 d1 10.0.1001210 11010010 322 d2 10.1.0211 11010011 323 d3 10.1.1212 11010100 324 d4 10.1.10213 11010101 325 d5 10.1.11214 11010110 326 d6 10.1.100215 11010111 327 d7 10.1.101216 11011000 330 d8 10.1.110217 11011001 331 d9 10.1.111218 11011010 332 da 10.1.1000219 11011011 333 db 10.1.1001220 11011100 334 dc 10.10.0221 11011101 335 dd 10.10.1222 11011110 336 de 10.10.10


223 11011111 337 df 10.10.11224 11100000 340 e0 10.10.100225 11100001 341 e1 10.10.101226 11100010 342 e2 10.10.110227 11100011 343 e3 10.10.111228 11100100 344 e4 10.10.1000229 11100101 345 e5 10.10.1001230 11100110 346 e6 10.11.0231 11100111 347 e7 10.11.1232 11101000 350 e8 10.11.10233 11101001 351 e9 10.11.11234 11101010 352 ea 10.11.100235 11101011 353 eb 10.11.101236 11101100 354 ec 10.11.110237 11101101 355 ed 10.11.111238 11101110 356 ee 10.11.1000239 11101111 357 ef 10.11.1001240 11110000 360 f0 10.100.0241 11110001 361 f1 10.100.1242 11110010 362 f2 10.100.10243 11110011 363 f3 10.100.11244 11110100 364 f4 10.100.100245 11110101 365 f5 10.100.101246 11110110 366 f6 10.100.110247 11110111 367 f7 10.100.111248 11111000 370 f8 10.100.1000249 11111001 371 f9 10.100.1001250 11111010 372 fa 10.101.0251 11111011 373 fb 10.101.1252 11111100 374 fc 10.101.10253 11111101 375 fd 10.101.11254 11111110 376 fe 10.101.100255 11111111 377 ff 10.101.101

B Zeichensätze undSondertastenB.1 EBCDIC, ASCII, Roman8, IBM-PCDie Zeichensätze sind in den Ein- und Ausgabegeräten (Termi-nal, Drucker) gespeicherte Tabellen, die die Zeichen in Zahlenund zurück umsetzen.

dezimal oktal EBCDIC ASCII-7 Roman8 IBM-PC0 0 nul nul nul nul1 1 soh soh soh Grafik2 2 stx stx stx Grafik3 3 etx etx etx Grafik4 4 pf eot eot Grafik5 5 ht enq enq Grafik6 6 lc ack ack Grafik7 7 del bel bel bel8 10 bs bs Grafik9 11 rlf ht ht ht

10 12 smm lf lf lf11 13 vt vt vt home12 14 ff ff ff ff13 15 cr cr cr cr14 16 so so so Grafik15 17 si si si Grafik16 20 dle dle dle Grafik17 21 dc1 dc1 dc1 Grafik18 22 dc2 dc2 dc2 Grafik19 23 dc3 dc3 dc3 Grafik20 24 res dc4 dc4 Grafik21 25 nl nak nak Grafik22 26 bs syn syn Grafik23 27 il etb etb Grafik24 30 can can can Grafik

9

10 ANHANG B. ZEICHENSÄTZE UND SONDERTASTEN

25 31 em em em Grafik26 32 cc sub sub Grafik27 33 esc esc Grafik28 34 ifs fs fs cur right29 35 igs gs gs cur left30 36 irs rs rs cur up31 37 ius us us cur down32 40 ds space space space33 41 sos ! ! !34 42 fs ” ” ”35 43 # # #36 44 byp $ $ $37 45 lf % % %38 46 etb & & &39 47 esc ’ ’ ’40 50 ( ( (41 51 ) ) )42 52 sm * * *43 53 + + +44 54 , , ,45 55 enq - - -46 56 ack . . .47 57 bel / / /48 60 0 0 049 61 1 1 150 62 syn 2 2 251 63 3 3 352 64 pn 4 4 453 65 rs 5 5 554 66 uc 6 6 655 67 eot 7 7 756 70 8 8 857 71 9 9 958 72 : : :59 73 ; ; ;60 74 dc4 < < <61 75 nak = = =62 76 > > >63 77 sub ? ? ?64 100 space @ @ @

B.1. EBCDIC, ASCII, ROMAN8, IBM-PC 11

65 101 A A A66 102 â B B B67 103 ä C C C68 104 à D D D69 105 á E E E70 106 ã F F F71 107 å G G G72 110 ç H H H73 111 ñ I I I74 112 [ J J J75 113 . K K K76 114 < L L L77 115 ( M M M78 116 + N N N79 117 ! O O O80 120 & P P P81 121 é Q Q Q82 122 ê R R R83 123 ë S S S84 124 è T T T85 125 í U U U86 126 î V V V87 127 ï W W W88 130 ì X X X89 131 ß Y Y Y90 132 ] Z Z Z91 133 $ [ [ [92 134 * \ \ \93 135 ) ] ] ]94 136 ; ^ ^ ^95 137 ^ _ _ _96 140 – ‘ ‘ ‘97 141 / a a a98 142 Â b b b99 143 Ä c c c

100 144 À d d d101 145 Á e e e102 146 Ã f f f103 147 Å g g g


104 150 Ç h h h105 151 Ñ i i i106 152 | j j j107 153 , k k k108 154 % l l l109 155 _ m m m110 156 > n n n111 157 ? o o o112 160 ø p p p113 161 É q q q114 162 Ê r r r115 163 Ë s s s116 164 È t t t117 165 Í u u u118 166 Î v v v119 167 Ï w w w120 170 Ì x x x121 171 ‘ y y y122 172 : z z z123 173 # 124 174 @ | | |125 175 ’ 126 176 = ~ ~ ~127 177 ” del del Grafik128 200 Ø Ç129 201 a ü130 202 b é131 203 c â132 204 d ä133 205 e à134 206 f å135 207 g ç136 210 h ê137 211 i ë138 212 è139 213 ı140 214 î141 215 ý ì142 216 Ä


143 217 ± Å144 220 É145 221 j œ146 222 k Æ147 223 l ô148 224 m ö149 225 n ò150 226 o û151 227 p ù152 230 q y153 231 r Ö154 232 a

¯Ü

155 233 o¯156 234 æ £

157 235 – Yen158 236 Æ Pt159 237 f160 240 µ á161 241 ∼ À í162 242 s Â ó163 243 t È ú164 244 u Ê ñ165 245 v Ë Ñ166 246 w Î a

¯167 247 x Ï o¯168 250 y ’ ¿

169 251 z ‘ Grafik170 252 ¡ ^ Grafik171 253 ¿ 1/2172 254 ~ 1/4173 255 Ý Ù ¡174 256 Û 175 257 176 260 Grafik177 261 £ Grafik178 262 Yen Grafik179 263 Grafik180 264 f Ç Grafik181 265 § ç Grafik


182 266 ¶ Ñ Grafik183 267 ñ Grafik184 270 ¡ Grafik185 271 ¿ Grafik186 272 Grafik187 273 | £ Grafik188 274 – Yen Grafik189 275 § Grafik190 276 f Grafik191 277 = Grafik192 300 â Grafik193 301 A ê Grafik194 302 B ô Grafik195 303 C û Grafik196 304 D á Grafik197 305 E é Grafik198 306 F ó Grafik199 307 G ú Grafik200 310 H à Grafik201 311 I è Grafik202 312 ò Grafik203 313 ô ù Grafik204 314 ö ä Grafik205 315 ò ë Grafik206 316 ó ö Grafik207 317 õ ü Grafik208 320 Å Grafik209 321 J î Grafik210 322 K Ø Grafik211 323 L Æ Grafik212 324 M å Grafik213 325 N í Grafik214 326 O ø Grafik215 327 P æ Grafik216 330 Q Ä Grafik217 331 R ì Grafik218 332 Ö Grafik219 333 û Ü Grafik220 334 ü É Grafik


221 335 ù ı Grafik222 336 ú ß Grafik223 337 y Ô Grafik224 340 \ Á α225 341 Ã β226 342 S ã Γ227 343 T π228 344 U Σ

229 345 V Í σ

230 346 W Ì µ

231 347 X Ó τ

232 350 Y Ò Φ233 351 Z Õ θ234 352 õ Ω

235 353 Ô Š δ236 354 Ö š ∞237 355 Ò Ú Ø238 356 Ó Y ∈239 357 Õ y ∩240 360 0 thorn ≡241 361 1 Thorn ±242 362 2 ≥243 363 3 ≤244 364 4 Haken245 365 5 Haken246 366 6 – ÷247 367 7 1/4 ≈248 370 8 1/2 249 371 9 a

¯•

250 372 o¯

·251 373 Û

√

252 374 Ü t n253 375 Ù 2254 376 Ú ± t255 377 (FF)


B.2 German-ASCIIFalls das Ein- oder Ausgabegerät einen deutschen 7-Bit-ASCII-Zeichensatz enthält, sind folgende Ersetzungen der amerikani-schen Zeichen durch deutsche Sonderzeichen üblich:

Nr. US-Zeichen US-ASCII German ASCII91 linke eckige Klammer [ Ä92 Backslash \ Ö93 rechte eckige Klammer ] Ü

123 linke geschweifte Klammer ä124 senkrechter Strich | ö125 rechte geschweifte Klammer ü126 Tilde ~ ß

Achtung: Der IBM-PC und Ausgabegeräte von Hewlett-Packardverwenden keinen 7-Bit-ASCII-Zeichensatz, sondern eigene 8-Bit-Zeichensätze, die die Sonderzeichen unter Nummern höher127 enthalten, siehe vorhergehende Tabelle.

B.3 ASCII-SteuerzeichenDie Steuerzeichen der Zeichensätze dienen der Übermittlungvon Befehlen und Informationen an das empfangende Gerät undnicht der Ausgabe eines sicht- oder druckbaren Zeichens. DieAusgabegeräte kennen in der Regel jedoch einen Modus (trans-parent, Monitor, Display Functions), in der die Steuerzeichennicht ausgeführt, sondern angezeigt werden. Die meisten Steu-erzeichen belegen keine eigene Taste auf der Tastatur, sondernwerden als Kombination aus der control-Taste und einer Zei-chentaste eingegeben. In C/C++ läßt sich jedes Zeichen durchseine oktale Nummer in der Form \123 oder durch seine hexa-dezimale Nummer in der Form \x53 eingeben (hier das S).

dezimal C-Konst. ASCII Bedeutung Tasten0 \x00 nul ASCII-Null control @1 soh Start of heading control a2 stx Start of text control b

B.4. LATIN-1 (ISO 8859-1) 17

3 etx End of text control c4 eot End of transmission control d5 enq Enquiry control e6 ack Acknowledge control f7 \a bel Bell control g8 \b bs Backspace control h, BS9 \t ht Horizontal tab control i, TAB

10 \n lf Line feed control j, LF11 \v vt Vertical tab control k12 \f ff Form feed control l13 \r cr Carriage return control m, RETURN14 so Shift out control n15 si Shift in control o16 dle Data link escape control p17 dc1 Device control 1, xon control q18 dc2 Device control 2, tape control r19 dc3 Device control 3, xoff control s20 dc4 Device control 4, tape control t21 nak Negative acknowledge control u22 syn Synchronous idle control v23 etb End transmission block control w24 can Cancel control x25 em End of medium control y26 sub Substitute control z27 \x1b esc Escape control [, ESC28 fs File separator control \29 gs Group separator control ]30 rs Record separator control ^31 us Unit separator control _

127 del Delete DEL, RUBOUT

B.4 Latin-1 (ISO 8859-1)Die internationale Norm ISO 8859 beschreibt gegenwärtigzehn Zeichensätze, die jedes Zeichen durch jeweils ein Bytedarstellen. Jeder Zeichensatz umfaßt also maximal 256 druck-bare Zeichen und Steuerzeichen. Der erste – Latin-1 genannt– ist für west- und mitteleuropäische Sprachen – darunterDeutsch – vorgesehen. Latin-2 deckt Mittel- und Osteuropa


ab, soweit das lateinische Alphabet verwendet wird. Wer einenpolnisch-deutschen Text schreiben will, braucht Latin 2. Diedeutschen Sonderzeichen liegen in Latin 1 bis 6 an denselbenStellen. Weiteres siehe in der ISO-Norm und im RFC 1345Character Mnemonics and Character Sets vom Juni 1992. Auchhttp://wwwwbs.cs.tu-berlin.de/~czyborra/charsets/hilft weiter.

Die erste Hälfte (0 – 127) aller Latin-Zeichensätze stimmt mitUS-ASCII überein, die zweite mit keinem der anderen Zeichen-sätze. Zu jedem Zeichen gehört eine standardisierte verbale Be-zeichnung. Einige Zeichen wie das isländische Thorn oder dasCent-Zeichen konnten hier mit LaTeX nicht dargestellt werden.

dezimal oktal hex Zeichen Bezeichnung000 000 00 nu Null (nul)001 001 01 sh Start of heading (soh)002 002 02 sx Start of text (stx)003 003 03 ex End of text (etx)004 004 04 et End of transmission (eot)005 005 05 eq Enquiry (enq)006 006 06 ak Acknowledge (ack)007 007 07 bl Bell (bel)008 010 08 bs Backspace (bs)009 011 09 ht Character tabulation (ht)010 012 0a lf Line feed (lf)011 013 0b vt Line tabulation (vt)012 014 0c ff Form feed (ff)013 015 0d cr Carriage return (cr)014 016 0e so Shift out (so)015 017 0f si Shift in (si)016 020 10 dl Datalink escape (dle)017 021 11 d1 Device control one (dc1)018 022 12 d2 Device control two (dc2)019 023 13 d3 Device control three (dc3)020 024 14 d4 Device control four (dc4)021 025 15 nk Negative acknowledge (nak)022 026 16 sy Synchronous idle (syn)023 027 17 eb End of transmission block (etb)024 030 18 cn Cancel (can)

B.4. LATIN-1 (ISO 8859-1) 19

025 031 19 em End of medium (em)026 032 1a sb Substitute (sub)027 033 1b ec Escape (esc)028 034 1c fs File separator (is4)029 035 1d gs Group separator (is3)030 036 1e rs Record separator (is2)031 037 1f us Unit separator (is1)032 040 20 sp Space033 041 21 ! Exclamation mark034 042 22 ” Quotation mark035 043 23 # Number sign036 044 24 $ Dollar sign037 045 25 % Percent sign038 046 26 & Ampersand039 047 27 ’ Apostrophe040 050 28 ( Left parenthesis041 051 29 ) Right parenthesis042 052 2a * Asterisk043 053 2b + Plus sign044 054 2c , Comma045 055 2d - Hyphen-Minus046 056 2e . Full stop047 057 2f / Solidus048 060 30 0 Digit zero049 061 31 1 Digit one050 062 32 2 Digit two051 063 33 3 Digit three052 064 34 4 Digit four053 065 35 5 Digit five054 066 36 6 Digit six055 067 37 7 Digit seven056 070 38 8 Digit eight057 071 39 9 Digit nine058 072 3a : Colon059 073 3b ; Semicolon060 074 3c < Less-than sign061 075 3d = Equals sign062 076 3e > Greater-than sign063 077 3f ? Question mark064 100 40 @ Commercial at


065 101 41 A Latin capital letter a066 102 42 B Latin capital letter b067 103 43 C Latin capital letter c068 104 44 D Latin capital letter d069 105 45 E Latin capital letter e070 106 46 F Latin capital letter f071 107 47 G Latin capital letter g072 110 48 H Latin capital letter h073 111 49 I Latin capital letter i074 112 4a J Latin capital letter j075 113 4b K Latin capital letter k076 114 4c L Latin capital letter l077 115 4d M Latin capital letter m078 116 4e N Latin capital letter n079 117 4f O Latin capital letter o080 120 50 P Latin capital letter p081 121 51 Q Latin capital letter q082 122 52 R Latin capital letter r083 123 53 S Latin capital letter s084 124 54 T Latin capital letter t085 125 55 U Latin capital letter u086 126 56 V Latin capital letter v087 127 57 W Latin capital letter w088 130 58 X Latin capital letter x089 131 59 Y Latin capital letter y090 132 5a Z Latin capital letter z091 133 5b [ Left square bracket092 134 5c \ Reverse solidus093 135 5d ] Right square bracket094 136 5e ^ Circumflex accent095 137 5f _ Low line096 140 60 ‘ Grave accent097 141 61 a Latin small letter a098 142 62 b Latin small letter b099 143 63 c Latin small letter c100 144 64 d Latin small letter d101 145 65 e Latin small letter e102 146 66 f Latin small letter f103 147 67 g Latin small letter g104 150 68 h Latin small letter h

B.4. LATIN-1 (ISO 8859-1) 21

105 151 69 i Latin small letter i106 152 6a j Latin small letter j107 153 6b k Latin small letter k108 154 6c l Latin small letter l109 155 6d m Latin small letter m110 156 6e n Latin small letter n111 157 6f o Latin small letter o112 160 70 p Latin small letter p113 161 71 q Latin small letter q114 162 72 r Latin small letter r115 163 73 s Latin small letter s116 164 74 t Latin small letter t117 165 75 u Latin small letter u118 166 76 v Latin small letter v119 167 77 w Latin small letter w120 170 78 x Latin small letter x121 171 79 y Latin small letter y122 172 7a z Latin small letter z123 173 7b Left curly bracket124 174 7c | Vertical line125 175 7d Right curly bracket126 176 7e ~ Tilde127 177 7f dt Delete (del)128 200 80 pa Padding character (pad)129 201 81 ho High octet preset (hop)130 202 82 bh Break permitted here (bph)131 203 83 nh No break here (nbh)132 204 84 in Index (ind)133 205 85 nl Next line (nel)134 206 86 sa Start of selected area (ssa)135 207 87 es End of selected area (esa)136 210 88 hs Character tabulation set (hts)137 211 89 hj Character tabulation with justification (htj)138 212 8a vs Line tabulation set (vts)139 213 8b pd Partial line forward (pld)140 214 8c pu Partial line backward (plu)141 215 8d ri Reverse line feed (ri)142 216 8e s2 Single-shift two (ss2)143 217 8f s3 Single-shift three (ss3)144 220 90 dc Device control string (dcs)


145 221 91 p1 Private use one (pu1)146 222 92 p2 Private use two (pu2)147 223 93 ts Set transmit state (sts)148 224 94 cc Cancel character (cch)149 225 95 mw Message waiting (mw)150 226 96 sg Start of guarded area (spa)151 227 97 eg End of guarded area (epa)152 230 98 ss Start of string (sos)153 231 99 gc Single graphic character introducer (sgci)154 232 9a sc Single character introducer (sci)155 233 9b ci Control sequence introducer (csi)156 234 9c st String terminator (st)157 235 9d oc Operating system command (osc)158 236 9e pm Privacy message (pm)159 237 9f ac Application program command (apc)160 240 a0 ns No-break space161 241 a1 ¡ Inverted exclamation mark162 242 a2 Cent sign163 243 a3 £ Pound sign164 244 a4 Currency sign (künftig Euro?)165 245 a5 Yen sign166 246 a6 Broken bar167 247 a7 § Section sign168 250 a8 Diaresis169 251 a9 © Copyright sign170 252 aa a Feminine ordinal indicator171 253 ab Left-pointing double angle quotation mark172 254 ac ¬ Not sign173 255 ad - Soft hyphen174 256 ae Registered sign175 257 af ¯ Overline176 260 b0 Degree sign177 261 b1 ± Plus-minus sign178 262 b2 2 Superscript two179 263 b3 3 Superscript three180 264 b4 ’ Acute accent181 265 b5 µ Micro sign182 266 b6 ¶ Pilcrow sign183 267 b7 · Middle dot184 270 b8 ¸ Cedilla

B.4. LATIN-1 (ISO 8859-1) 23

185 271 b9 1 Superscript one186 272 ba Masculine ordinal indicator187 273 bb Right-pointing double angle quotation mark188 274 bc 1/4 Vulgar fraction one quarter189 275 bd 1/2 Vulgar fraction one half190 276 be 3/4 Vulgar fraction three quarters191 277 bf ¿ Inverted question mark192 300 c0 À Latin capital letter a with grave193 301 c1 Á Latin capital letter a with acute194 302 c2 Â Latin capital letter a with circumflex195 303 c3 Ã Latin capital letter a with tilde196 304 c4 Ä Latin capital letter a with diaresis197 305 c5 Å Latin capital letter a with ring above198 306 c6 Æ Latin capital letter ae199 307 c7 Ç Latin capital letter c with cedilla200 310 c8 È Latin capital letter e with grave201 311 c9 É Latin capital letter e with acute202 312 ca Ê Latin capital letter e with circumflex203 313 cb Ë Latin capital letter e with diaresis204 314 cc Ì Latin capital letter i with grave205 315 cd Í Latin capital letter i with acute206 316 ce Î Latin capital letter i with circumflex207 317 cf Ï Latin capital letter i with diaresis208 320 d0 Latin capital letter eth (Icelandic)209 321 d1 Ñ Latin capital letter n with tilde210 322 d2 Ò Latin capital letter o with grave211 323 d3 Ó Latin capital letter o with acute212 324 d4 Ô Latin capital letter o with circumflex213 325 d5 Õ Latin capital letter o with tilde214 326 d6 Ö Latin capital letter o with diaresis215 327 d7 × Multiplication sign216 330 d8 Ø Latin capital letter o with stroke217 331 d9 Ù Latin capital letter u with grave218 332 da Ú Latin capital letter u with acute219 333 db Û Latin capital letter u with circumflex220 334 dc Ü Latin capital letter u with diaresis221 335 dd Ý Latin capital letter y with acute222 336 de Latin capital letter thorn (Icelandic)


223 337 df ß Latin small letter sharp s (German)224 340 e0 à Latin small letter a with grave225 341 e1 á Latin small letter a with acute226 342 e2 â Latin small letter a with circumflex227 343 e3 ã Latin small letter a with tilde228 344 e4 ä Latin small letter a with diaresis229 345 e5 å Latin small letter a with ring above230 346 e6 æ Latin small letter ae231 347 e7 ç Latin small letter c with cedilla232 350 e8 è Latin small letter e with grave233 351 e9 é Latin small letter e with acute234 352 ea ê Latin small letter e with circumflex235 353 eb ë Latin small letter e with diaresis236 354 ec ì Latin small letter i with grave237 355 ed í Latin small letter i with acute238 356 ee î Latin small letter i with circumflex239 357 ef ï Latin small letter i with diaresis240 360 f0 Latin small letter eth (Icelandic)241 361 f1 ñ Latin small letter n with tilde242 362 f2 ò Latin small letter o with grave243 363 f3 ó Latin small letter o with acute244 364 f4 ô Latin small letter o with circumflex245 365 f5 õ Latin small letter o with tilde246 366 f6 ö Latin small letter o with diaresis247 367 f7 ÷ Division sign248 370 f8 ø Latin small letter o with stroke249 371 f9 ù Latin small letter u with grave250 372 fa ú Latin small letter u with acute251 373 fb û Latin small letter u with circumflex252 374 fc ü Latin small letter u with diaresis253 375 fd ý Latin small letter y with acute254 376 fe Latin small letter thorn (Icelandic)255 377 ff ÿ Latin small letter y with diaresis

B.5 Latin-2 (ISO 8859-2)Der Zeichensatz Latin-2 deckt folgende Sprachen ab: Albanisch,Bosnisch, Deutsch, Englisch, Finnisch, Irisch, Kroatisch, Pol-nisch, Rumänisch, Serbisch (in lateinischer Transskription), Ser-

B.5. LATIN-2 (ISO 8859-2) 25

bokroatisch, Slowakisch, Slowenisch, Sorbisch, Tschechisch undUngarisch. Samisch wird in Latin-9 berücksichtigt. Auf:

http://sizif.mf.uni-lj.si/linux/cee/iso8859-2.html

finden sich Einzelheiten und weitere URLs. Hier nur die Zei-chen, die von Latin-1 abweichen:

dezimal oktal hex Zeichen Bezeichnung161 241 a1 Latin capital letter a with ogonek162 242 a2 Breve163 243 a3 Ł Latin capital letter l with stroke165 245 a5 L’ Latin capital letter l with caron166 246 a6 S Latin capital letter s with acute169 251 a9 Š Latin capital letter s with caron170 252 aa S Latin capital letter s with cedilla171 253 ab T Latin capital letter t with caron172 254 ac Z Latin capital letter z with acute174 256 ae Ž Latin capital letter z with caron175 257 af Z Latin capital letter z with dot above177 261 b1 Latin small letter a with ogonek178 262 b2 Ogonek (Schwänzchen)179 263 b3 ł Latin small letter l with stroke181 265 b5 Latin small letter l with caron182 266 b6 Latin small letter s with acute183 267 b7 Caron185 271 b9 Latin small letter s with caron186 272 ba Latin small letter s with cedilla187 273 bb Latin small letter t with caron188 274 bc Latin small letter z with acute189 275 bd Double acute accent190 276 be Latin small letter z with caron191 277 bf Latin small letter z with dot above192 300 c0 Latin capital letter r with acute195 303 c3 Latin capital letter a with breve197 305 c5 Latin capital letter l with acute198 306 c6 Latin capital letter c with acute200 310 c8 Latin capital letter c with caron202 312 ca Latin capital letter e with ogonek204 314 cc Latin capital letter e with caron


207 317 cf Latin capital letter d with caron208 320 d0 Latin capital letter d with stroke209 321 d1 Latin capital letter n with acute210 322 d2 Latin capital letter n with caron213 325 d5 Latin capital letter o with double acute216 330 d8 Latin capital letter r with caron217 331 d9 Latin capital letter u with ring above219 333 db Latin capital letter u with double acute222 336 de Latin capital letter t with cedilla224 340 e0 Latin small letter r with acute227 343 e3 Latin small letter a with breve229 345 e5 Latin small letter l with acute230 346 e6 Latin small letter c with acute232 350 e8 Latin small letter c with caron234 352 ea Latin small letter e with ogonek236 354 ec Latin small letter e with caron239 357 ef Latin small letter d with caron240 360 f0 Latin small letter d with stroke241 361 f1 Latin small letter n with acute242 362 f2 Latin small letter n with caron245 365 f5 Latin small letter o with double acute248 370 f8 Latin small letter r with caron249 371 f9 Latin small letter u with ring above251 373 fb Latin small letter u with double acute254 376 fe Latin small letter t with cedilla255 377 ff Dot above

B.6 HTML-EntitiesHTML-Entities sind eine Ersatzschreibweise für Zeichen, dienicht direkt in HTML-Text eingegeben werden können. Zu die-sen Zeichen gehören:

• Sonderzeichen außerhalb des US-ASCII-Zeichensatzes(Umlaute),

• Zeichen, die eine besondere Bedeutung in HTML haben (&,<),

• mathematische und andere Symbole (±, ©).Für den Ersatz gibt es zwei Möglichkeiten:

B.6. HTML-ENTITIES 27

• die dezimale oder hexadezimale Nummer des Zeichens imZeichensatz,

• eine Umschreibung mit ASCII-Zeichen.Soweit die Zeichen im Latin-1-Zeichensatz enthalten sind, kön-nen die dort angegebenen Nummern verwendet werden. Dievollständige Tabelle entnimmt man am einfachsten der HTML-Spezifikation. Hier nur die häufigsten Zeichen:

dezimal hex char ent Zeichen Bezeichnung& & & & ampersand< L < < less-than sign> N > > greater-than sign non-breaking space¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ inverted exclamation mark£ £ £ £ pound sign© © © © copyright sign« « « left pointing guillemet soft or dicretionary hyphen® ® ® registered sign° ° ° degree sign± ± ± ± plus-minus sign² ² ² 2 superscript two³ ³ ³ 3 superscript threeµ µ µ µ micro sign» » » right pointing guillemet½ ½ ½ 1/2 fraction one halfÀ À À À latin capital letter A with graveÁ Á Á Á latin capital letter A with acuteÂ Â Â Â latin capital letter A with circumflexÃ Ã Ã Ã latin capital letter A with tildeÄ Ä Ä Ä latin capital letter A with diaresisÅ Å Å Å latin capital letter A with ring aboveÆ Æ Æ Æ latin capital ligature AEÇ Ç Ç Ç latin capital letter C with cedillaÑ Ñ Ñ Ñ latin capital letter N with tildeØ Ø Ø Ø latin capital letter O with strokeß ß ß ß latin small letter sharp së ë ë ë latin small letter e with diaresis


ñ ð ñ ñ latin small letter n with tilde

B.7 SondertastenComputertastaturen weisen im Vergleich zu den Tastaturen her-kömmlicher Schreibmaschinen einige Tasten zusätzlich auf –mit besonderen Bedeutungen. Obwohl die PC-Tastatur (MF-2)weit verbreitet ist, gibt es eine Vielzahl abweichender Tastatu-ren. Die Wirkung, die von einer Taste ausgelöst wird, hängt inden meisten Fällen von der Software ab, lässt sich daher nichtallgemein angeben und kann von Programm zu Programm va-riieren. Typische Beispiele sind die Funktionstasten, aber auchfast alle anderen Tasten lassen sich umprogrammieren. In derfolgenden Tabelle werden die wichtigsten Sondertasten aufge-führt:

DÜZ Datenübertragung zeilenweiseACK AcknowledgeAlphaLock wie Caps LockAlt Alt AlternateAltGr AltGr Alternate graphic(s)BackTabBS, Backspace Rücktaste einen Schritt zurückBEL Glocke, ASCII-Nr. 7Break Untbr Signal SIGINT, Signal Nr. 2CAN CancelCaps Lock Feststelltaste Umschaltung feststellenCBT Cursor back tabCE, ClearEntryCharDel Lösche ZeichenCharInsert Füge Zeichen vor Cursor einClearSpaceCR Carriage return, Wagenrücklauf,

ASCII-Nr. 13Ctrl Strg Control, SteuerungCUB Cursor backCUD Cursor downCUF Cursor forwardCUU Cursor up

B.7. SONDERTASTEN 29

DCH Delete characterDC1 Device control 1, ASCII-Nr. 17DC2 Device control 2, ASCII-Nr. 18DC3 Device control 3, ASCII-Nr. 19DC4 Device control 4, ASCII-Nr. 20Dead Keys Tod-Tasten, T. für diakritische Zeichen,

Akzent-Tasten Akzente ohne ZeichenvorschubDEL, Delete Entf Zeichen entfernen, löschenDL Delete lineDLE Data link enableDown Pfeil abwärts Cursor abwärtsEM End of mediaEnd Ende Cursor zum SeitenendeENQ EnquiryEnter Zeilenwechsel Eingabe vollziehenEOT End of transmissionEsc Escape Escape, Fluchtsymbol, ASCII-Nr. 27ETB End of transaction blockETX End of textExtCharF1 F1 Funktionstaste 1 usw.FF Form feed, Blattvorschub, ASCII-Nr. 12Funct ähnlich wie CtrlHome Pos1 Cursor zum SeitenanfangHT Horizontal tabINS, Insert Einfg Zeichen vor Cursor einfügenIS1 Information separator 1IS2 Information separator 2IS3 Information separator 3IS4 Information separator 4Left Pfeil links Cursor nach linksLF Line feed, ASCII-Nr. 10LineDel Lösche ZeileLineErase Lösche Zeile ab CursorLineFeed wie DownLineIns Füge Zeile oberhalb Cursor einLocEsc Local EscapeNAK Not acknowledgeNoScroll Hält Bildschirm anNumLock Num Number lock key


Page Nächste Seite des SpeichersPage Down Bild abwärts Nächste Seite des SpeichersPageErase Seite löschenPage Up Bild aufwärts Vorige Seite des SpeichersPause Pause PausePFK Program Function KeyPrevWin Previous windowPrintScreen Druck Hardcopy des BildschirmsReset Setzt Terminal zurückReturn Zeilenwechsel Zeilenwechsel, Eingabe vollziehenRight Pfeil rechts Cursor nach rechtsRubout Zeichen löschen, wie DELScrollLock Rollen Hält Bildschirm anSend Sende Seite zum ComputerSetup Zeigt Konfiguration anShift Umschaltung Umschaltung groß-kleinSpace Leertaste ASCII-Nr. 32, LeerschrittSOH Start of headerSUB Substitute character, ASCII-Nr. 26SYN Synch idleSysRq S-Abf System request, System-AnfrageTab Tab (Horizontal-)TabulatorUp Pfeil aufwärts Cursor nach oben

Daneben finden sich auf den Tastaturen einzelner Herstellernoch Tasten mit angebissenen Äpfeln, fliegenden Fenstern unddergleichen.

C Typografische MaßeC.1 PapierformateIn der EDV sind folgende Papierformate gebräuchlich (Ein Zoll(inch) sind 25,4 mm oder 72 Punkte):

• DIN A3 Blattgröße 297 mm x 420 mm entsprechend 842 px 1190 p.

• DIN A4 Blattgröße 210 mm x 297 mm entsprechend 595 px 842 p, näherungsweise 8 Zoll x 12 Zoll.

• Briefumschlag DIN lang 110 mm x 220 mm• Tabellierpapier schmal Blattgröße einschließlich

Lochrand 240 mm x 305 mm, ohne Lochrand 210 mmx 305 mm, also annähernd DIN A4. 305 mm sind 12 Zoll.

• Tabellierpapier breit Blattgröße einschließlich Lochrand375 mm x 305 mm.Bei 10 Zeichen/Zoll faßt die Zeile 132 Zeichen, bei 12 Zei-chen/Zoll 158 Zeichen, bei 15 Zeichen/Zoll 198 Zeichen.

• Executive amerikanisch, Blattgröße 7.25 Zoll x 10.5 Zoll(184,2 mm x 266,7 mm) entsprechend 540 p x 720 p.

• Ledger amerikanisch, Blattgröße 17 Zoll x 11 Zoll(431,8 mm x 279,4 mm) entsprechend 1224 p x 792 p, Quer-format.

• Legal amerikanisch, Blattgröße 8.5 Zoll x 14 Zoll(215,9 mm x 355,6 mm) entsprechend 612 p x 1008 p.

• Letter amerikanisch, Blattgröße 8.5 Zoll x 11 Zoll(215,9 mm x 279,4 mm) entsprechend 612 p x 792 p,Schreibmaschinenpapier.

• Tabloid amerikanisch, Blattgröße 11 Zoll x 17 Zoll(279,4 mm x 431,8 mm) entsprechend 792 p x 1224 p.

Es ist zwischen der Blattgröße, der Größe des adressierbarenBereichs (logische Seite) und der Größe des beschreibbaren Be-reichs zu unterscheiden. Näheres beispielsweise im HP PCL 5

31

32 ANHANG C. TYPOGRAFISCHE MASSE

Printer Language Technical Reference Manual (das leider nichtzum Lieferumfang der HP Laserdrucker gehört, für die System-Manager aber äußerst wichtig ist).

C.2 SchriftgrößenBei den Schriftgrößen oder -graden finden sich mehrere Maß-systeme. In Mitteleuropa ist traditionell das aus dem Bleisatzstammende Punktsystem nach FRANÇOIS AMBROISE DIDOT ge-bräuchlich, das die Höhe der Schrifttype (nicht des Buchstabens)angibt. Es geht auf den französischen Fuß zurück; ein Punkt warfrüher 0,376 mm, heute ist er in Angleichung an das metrischeSystem 0,375 mm. Die wichtigsten Größen werden auch mit ei-genen Namen bezeichnet (12 pt = Cicero). Die untere Grenze derLesbarkeit liegt bei 9 pt, optimal sind 12 pt.

Auf englische Füße geht das Pica-System zurück, in dem 1Pica gleich 12 Points oder 4,216 mm (1/6 Zoll) ist. Hiervon ab-geleitet ist das IBM-Pica-System, in dem Pica eine Schrift mit6 Zeilen pro Zoll und 10 Zeichen pro Zoll ist. Elite bedeutet 12Zeichen pro Zoll bei gleichem Zeilenabstand.

Auf deutschen Schreibmaschinen war Pica eine Schriftart mit2,6 mm Schrittweite (etwa 10 Zeichen pro Zoll) und Perl eineSchriftart mit 2,3 mm Schrittweite.

D FarbenD.1 RGB-Farbwerte

D.2 X11-FarbenEine Auswahl der von X11 verwendeten Farben. Die vollständigeListe ist in /etc/X11/rgb.txt, /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/rgb.txt oder /usr/lib/x11/rgb.txt zu finden. Mittels showrgbwerden die Farben mit ihren Zahlenwerten (RGB-Tripletts) auf-gelistet. Das Kommando xcolors stellt in einem großen Fensteralle Farben gleichzeitig samt ihren Bezeichnungen dar, das Kom-mando xcolorsel in einem kleinen Fenster einen Ausschnittsamt Hexwerten und Bezeichnungen. Die tatsächliche Farbdar-stellung hängt vom Bildschirm bzw. Drucker ab, deshalb sind dieFarbmuster nur als Orientierungshilfe zu verstehen.

X11 stellt auch Farben dar, die nicht in dieser Liste genanntsind. Darüber hinaus kann sich ein Benutzer mit einem Farbe-ditor eigene Farben für X11 mischen. Nach dem RGB-Modell ar-beiten xcolmix (Debian) und xcoloredit, zu holen bei http://freebsd.home4u.ch/de/ oder ftp://export.lcs.mit.edu/R5contrib/. Ein durchschnittlicher Benutzer kommt je-doch mit den vorgefertigten Farben aus.

Farbe Colour RGB-Vektor Hex, 8bittigweiß white 255,255,255 #ffffffgelb yellow 255,255,0 #ffff00fuchsienrot magenta1 255,0,255 #ff00ffcyan cyan1 0,255,255 #00ffffrot red 255,0,0 #ff0000maigrün green 0,255,0 #00ff00blau blue1 0,0,255 #0000ffgrau grey52 133,133,133 #868686olivgrün olive drab 107,142,35 #698e20purpur purple 160,32,240 #9e20ef

33

34 ANHANG D. FARBEN

dunkelgrün green4 0,139,0 #008a00kastanienbraun maroon 176,48,96 #ae3061grün green 0,255,0 #00ff00marineblau navy blue 0,0,128 #000086lachsrot salmon 250,128,114 #f78271dunkelrosa hot pink 255,105,180 #ff69b6dunkelorange dark orange 255,140,0 #ff8e00königsblau royal blue 65,105,225 #4169dfaltweiß antique white 250,235,215 #f7ebd7ocker navajo white 255,222,173 #ffdfaehellgrau light grey 211,211,211 #cfd3cfschwarz black 0,0,0 #000000

D.3 HTML-FarbenEine Auswahl von Farben nach dem RGB-Farbmodell, ihrenBezeichnungen und ihren Hex-Codes, wie sie in HTML-Seitenverwendet werden. Die ersten 16 Farben können auf Websei-ten über ihre englische Bezeichnung angesprochen werden; dieHex-Codes sollten immer richtig verstanden werden. Weiteresunter http:\\www.htmlhelp.com/cgi-bin/color.cgi oderhttp://www.seifert-web.de/info/bgclick.htm.

Farbe Colour Hex Codeweiß white #ffffffschwarz black #000000gelb yellow #ffff00fuchsienrot magenta, fuchsia #ff00ffcyan cyan, aqua #00ffffrot red #ff0000maigrün lime #00ff00blau blue #0000ffgrau gray #808080olivgrün olive #808000purpur purple #800080dunkelgrün teal #008080kastanienbraun maroon #800000grün green #008000

D.3. HTML-FARBEN 35

marineblau navy #000080silbern silver #c0c0c0lachsrot salmon #fa8072dunkelrosa hot pink #ff69b4dunkel orange dark orange #ff8c00königsblau royal blue #4169e1ocker navajo white #ffdead

E Hypertext Markup Language(HTML)An Hand einer einfachen Webseite – verfasst nach der Spezifika-tion von HTML 4.0 – wird die Verwendung von HTML erläutert.Die Seite ist von mehreren Programmen getestet und hat keineFehlermeldungen erzeugt.<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"><HTML><HEAD>

<TITLE>Dr.-Ing. Wulf Alex

</TITLE><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"><META name="revisit-after" content="20 days"><META name="description" content="Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik und Mechanik, Wulf Alex"><META name="keywords" lang="de" content="Chemieingenieur,Verfahrenstechnik,Alex"><META name="keywords" lang="en" content="Chemical Engineering,Process Engineering,Alex">

</HEAD><BODY bgcolor="#ffffff">

<IMG src="/logociw.gif" alt="LOGO"><H3>Institut für Mechanische Verfahrenstechnikund Mechanik

</H3><HR><IMG src="alex.jpg" align="MIDDLE" height="240"width="175" alt="FOTO"> <STRONG>Wulf Alex</STRONG><BR><BR>Gebäude 30.70, Zimmer 003

<BR><BR>

36

37

Telefon +49 721 608 2404 (dienstlich)<BR><BR>Email <A href="mailto:[email protected]">

[email protected]</A><H4>

Arbeitsgebiete</H4>

<UL><LI>

Institutsverwaltung, Werkstätten,</LI><LI>

EDV, Web-, List- und Postmaster, DBA,</LI><LI>

Partikelmesstechnik.</LI>

</UL><H4>

Veröffentlichungen</H4>Siehe <A href="/cgi-bin/wwwbuch.cgi?autor=Alex%2C%20W">Bibliothek</A><H4>

<A href="/~wualex1/">Persönliche Webseite</A></H4><HR>Zur <A href="http://www.ciw.uni-karlsruhe.de/">Fakultät</A><A href="http://www.uni-karlsruhe.de/">Universität</A><HR>http://www.mvm.uni-karlsruhe.de/mvm/personen/alex.html<BR>Jüngste Änderung 2001-10-24 <A href=

"mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</A><BR>Requested by from 

38 ANHANG E. HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE (HTML)

</BODY></HTML>

Die erste Zeile nennt die Document Type Declaration. Sie kannvon Testprogrammen wie tidy automatisch hinzugefügt wer-den. Dann folgt das eigentliche HTML-Dokument von <HTML>bis </HTML>. Es gliedert sich in den Kopf von <HEAD> bis</HEAD> und den Rumpf von <BODY> bis </BODY>.

Im Kopf steht der Titel (keine Sonderzeichen!) von <TITLE>bis </TITLE>, der auf dem Rahmen des Brauser-Fensters an-gezeigt wird. Dann folgen Meta-Informationen für Brauser undSuchmaschinen. Die Information über den Content-Type ist ob-ligatorisch, der Rest optional.

Im Rumpf wird zunächst ein Bild (Logo) im gif-Format einge-bunden. Für Fotos empfiehlt sich das jpg-Format. Dann folgt eineÜberschrift (Headline) dritter Stufe, die beiden obersten Stufenwerden hier nicht verwendet. <HR> ist eine horizontale Trennli-nie (horizontal ruler), <BR> ein Zeilenumbruch (line break) zu-sätzlich zu denen, die der Brauser von sich aus vornimmt.

Die Email-Anschrift ist in Form eines anklickbaren Hyper-links zwischen <A> und </A> angegeben. Der öffnende Tag <A>enthält ein Attribut, nämlich den URL, der beim Anklicken an-gesprochen werden soll.

Die Arbeitsgebiete sind in Form einer Auflistung (unorderedlist) zwischen <UL> und </UL> dargestellt. Die einzelnen Ele-mente stehen zwischen <LI> und </LI>. Es gibt auch Aufzäh-lungen (ordered lists, OL).

Der auf die Bibliothek weisende Hyperlink ruft auf demWebserver ein cgi-Programm auf, das etwas tut und das Ergeb-nis dem Webserver zwecks Übertragung zum Brauser mitteilt.Die Information, die der Leser beim Anklicken dieses Hyperlinkserhält, wird also bei Bedarf zusammengestellt, sie ist dynamisch.Im vorliegenden Fall stammt sie auf Umwegen aus einer Daten-bank.

Gegen Ende werden der URL der vorliegenden Seite, das Da-tum der jüngsten Änderung und die Anschrift des zuständigenWebmasters angegeben. Das gehört sich so und fehlt oft.

Die letzten drei Zeilen im Rumpf rufen Server Side Includesauf. Das sind wieder dynamische Informationen, die der Servernach Bedarf einfügt, jedoch ohne Hilfe eines anderen Program-mes. Nicht unbedingt erforderlich, aber hier und da nützlich.

39

Dieses Beispiel soll zeigen, dass eine einfache Webseite keinehöheren Programmierkenntnisse erfordert. Wenn Sie sich dannnoch aus dem Netz oder im Buchhandel eine gute Einführung inHTML besorgen, sind Sie für Ihren Auftritt im WWW gerüstet.Später sollten Sie sich noch vom W3C die HTML-Spezifikationholen, zum Nachschlagen.

F Die wichtigstenUNIX-KommandosEinzelheiten siehe Online-Referenz-Handbuch. Das wichtigsteKommando zuerst, die übrigen nach Sachgebiet und dann alpha-betisch geordnet:man man Beschreibung zum Kommando man(1) ausgebenman -k time man-Seiten zum Stichwort time auflistenapropos timeman-Seiten zum Stichwort time auflisten

Allgemeines

alias Alias in der Shell einrichtenalias r=’fc -e -’

at Programm zu einem beliebigen Zeitpunkt startenat 0815 Jan 24programEOF (meist control-d)

bdf, df, du Plattenbelegung ermittelndfdu .

calendar Terminverwaltung (Reminder Service)(Datei $HOME/calendar muß existieren)calendar

crontab Tabelle für cron erzeugencrontab crontabfile

date Datum und Zeit anzeigendate

echo, print Argument auf stdout schreibenecho ’Hallo, wie gehts?’

exit Shell beendenexit

kill Signal an Prozess sendenkill process_idkill -s SIGHUP process_id

leave an Feierabend erinnern

40

41

leave 2215lock Terminal sperren

locknewgrp Benutzergruppe wechseln

newgrp studentnice Priorität eines Programmes herabsetzen

nice programnohup Programm von Sitzung abkoppeln

nohup program &passwd Passwort ändern

passwdyppasswd (in NIS-Clustern)

ps laufende Prozesse anzeigenps -ef

script Sitzung mitschreibenscript (beenden mit exit)

set Umgebung anzeigenset

sh, ksh, bashShells (Bourne, Korn, Bash)bash

stty Terminal-Schnittstelle anzeigenstty

su Usernamen wechseln (substituieren)su bjalex1

tset, reset Terminal initialisierentset vt100

tty Terminalnamen (/dev/tty*) anzeigentty

who eingeloggte Benutzer auflistenwho -H

whoami, id meinen Namen anzeigenid

xargs Argumentliste aufbauen und Kommando ausführenls | xargs -i -t mv subdir/

Dateien, Verzeichnisse

cd Arbeitsverzeichnis wechselncdcd /usr/local/bin

42 ANHANG F. DIE WICHTIGSTEN UNIX-KOMMANDOS

chgrp Gruppe einer Datei wechselnchgrp students file

chmod Zugriffsrechte einel Datei ändernchmod 755 file

chown Besitzer einer Datei wechselnchown aralex1 file

cmp, diff zwei Dateien vergleichencmp file1 file2

compress Datei komprimierencompress fileuncompress file.Z

cp Datei kopierencp original kopie

file Dateityp ermittelnfile file

find, whereisDateien suchenfind . -name file -print

gzip Datei komprimieren (GNU)gzip filegunzip file.gz

ln Datei linkenln file hardlinknameln -s file softlinkname

ls Verzeichnisse auflistenls -alls -l /usr/local

mkdir Verzeichnis anlegenmkdir newdir

mv Datei verschieben oder umbenennenmv oldfilename newfilename

od (oktalen) Dump einer Datei ausgebenod -c file

pwd Arbeitsverzeichnis anzeigenpwd

rm, rmdir Datei oder leeres Verzeichnis löschenrm filerm -r dir (rekursiv)rmdir dir

tar Datei-Archiv schreiben oder lesentar -cf /dev/st0 ./dir &

43

touch leere Datei erzeugen, Zeitstempel änderntouch file

Kommunikation, Netz

ftp Datei Transferftp ftp.ciw.uni-karlsruhe.de

hostname Hostnamen anzeigenhostname

irc Netzgeschwätzirc (beenden mit /quit)

kermit Datei übertragen, auch von/zu Nicht-UNIX-Anlagenkermit (beenden mit exit)

mail,elm, Mail lesen und versendenmutt mail [email protected] < file

elmmutt

netscape WWW-Browser (einer unter vielen)netscape &

news Neuigkeiten anzeigennews -a

nslookup Auskunft über Hostnslookup mvmpc100.ciw.uni-kalrsuhe.denslookup 129.13.118.100

ping Verbindung prüfenping 129.13.118.100

ssh verschlüsselte Verbindung zu Host im Netzssh mvmpc100.ciw.uni-karlsruhe.de

rlogin Dialog mit UNIX-Host im Netz (unverschlüsselt)rlogin mvmpc100

telnet Dialog mit Host im Netz (unverschlüsselt)telent mvmpc100

tin, xn Newsreaderrtin

uucp Programmpaket mit UNIX-Netzdienstenwhois Auskunft über Netzknoten

whois -h whois.internic.net gatekeeper.dec.comwrite, talk Dialog mit eingeloggtem Benutzer

talk wualex1@mvmpc100

44 ANHANG F. DIE WICHTIGSTEN UNIX-KOMMANDOS

Programmieren

ar Gruppe von files archivierenar -r archiv.a file1 file2

cb C-Beautifier, Quelle verschönerncb prog.c > prog.b

cc C-Compiler mit Linkercc -o prog prog.c

ci einchecken in das RCS-Systemci mysource.c

co auschecken aus dem RCS-Systemco -l mysource.c

lint C-Syntax-Prüferlint prog.c

make Compileraufruf vereinfachenmake (Makefile erforderlich)

sdb, xdb symbolischer Debuggerxdb (einige Dateien erforderlich)

Textverarbeitung

adjust Text formatieren (einfachst)adjust -j -m60 textfile

awk Listengeneratorawk -f awkscript textfile (awk-Script erforderlich)

cancel Druckauftrag löschencancel lp-4711

cat von stdin lesen, nach stdout schreibencat textfilecat file1 file2 > file.allcat textfile

cut Spalten aus Tabellen auswählencut -f1 tablefile > newfile

ed Zeileneditor, mit diff(1) nützliched textfile

emacs Editor, alternativ zum vi(1) (GNU)emacs textfile

expand Tabs ins Spaces umwandelnexpand textfile > newfile

grep, fgrep Muster in Dateien suchen

45

grep -i Unix textfilefgrep UNIX textfile

head, tail Anfang bzw. Ende eines Textfiles anzeigenhead textfile

lp, lpr Datei über Spooler ausdruckenlp -dlp2 textfilelpr -Plp2 textfile

lpstat, lpq Spoolerstatus anzeigenlpstat -t

more, less Textfile schirmweise anzeigenmore textfilels -l | more

nroff Textformatierernroff nrofffile | lp

recode Filter zur Umwandlung von Zeichensätzen (GNU)recode --helprecode -lrecode -v ascii-bs:EBCDIC-IBM textfile

sed filternder Editorsed ’s/[A-Z]/[a-z]/g’ textfile > newfile

sort Textfile zeilenweise sortierensort liste | uniq > newfile

spell Rechtschreibung prüfenspell spelling textfile+

tee stdout zugleich in eine Datei schreibenwho | tee whofile

tr Zeichen in Textfile ersetzentr -d "\015" < textfile1 > textfile2

uniq sortiertes Textfile nach doppelten Zeilen durchsuchensort liste | uniq > newfile

vi Bildschirm-Editor, alternativ zum emacs(1)vi textfile

view vi(1) nur zum Lesen aufrufenview textfile

vis Dateien mit Steuersequenzen anzeigenvis textfile

wc Zeichen, Wörter und Zeilen zählenwc textfile

G Vergleich UNIX –DOS-KommandosDer Vergleich bezieht sich auf Microsoft DOS 5.0 und UNIX V.3.Eine hundertprozentige Übereinstimmung in der Wirkung istselten. Die Syntax der Kommandos ist immer verschieden.

Optionen werden in UNIX durch –, in MS-DOS durch / ein-geleitet. Die Verzeichnisse eines vollen Pfadnamens werden inUNIX durch /, in MS-DOS durch \ getrennt.

In UNIX arbeitet man stets mit einem einzigen File-System;in MS-DOS hat jeder Datenträger (Diskette, Platte) sein eigenesFile-System. Die Kommandos zum Behandeln der File-Systemekönnen daher keine Äquivalente haben.

UNIX MS-DOS Wirkungcat, pg type zeigt File auf Bildschirm ancd cd wechselt Arbeitsverzeichnischmod attrib ändert Fileattributeclear cls löscht Bildschirmcmp comp, fc vergleicht zwei Filescp copy, xcopy kopiert Filedate date zeigt Datum andate time zeigt Uhrzeit anexit exit verläßt Kommandointerpretergrep find sucht String in Filelp print schickt File zum Druckerlpr print schickt File zum Druckerls dir listet Verzeichnis aufmkdir mkdir legt Verzeichnis anmore more zeigt File bildschirmweise anmv ren benennt File umpwd cd zeigt Arbeitsverzeichnisrm del löscht Filermdir rmdir löscht leeres Verzeichnissh command ruft Kommandointerpreter aufsort sort sortiert File zeilenweise

46

47

Wer mit beiden Betriebssystemen arbeitet, möchte vielleichtauf beiden Systemen die häufigsten Kommandos beider Systemezur Verfügung haben, um nicht ständig umdenken zu müssen.Unter UNIX ist das mithilfe des link-Kommandos ln(1) mit ge-ringem Aufwand zu erreichen. Man linkt beispielsweise das MS-DOS-Kommando copy auf das UNIX-Kommando cp(1), zweck-mäßig im selben Verzeichnis: ln /bin/cp /bin/copy. Ein Ali-as leistet für einen einzelnen Benutzer denselben Dienst undläßt sich auch für interne Kommandos einrichten.

Diese Möglichkeit gibt es unter MS-DOS nicht. Man kannnur ein Batch-File mit dem Namen des UNIX-Kommandosschreiben, das das MS-DOS-Kommando aufruft, beispielsweisecp.bat:

@echo offc:dos\copy %1 %2 /v

Seit MS-DOS 5.0 lassen sich mittels doskey auch Aliases ein-richten. Es gibt außerdem von vielen UNIX-Kommandos Aus-führungen, die unter MS-DOS laufen, siehe Abschnitt ?? MKS-Tools und andere. Insbesondere gibt es den Editor vi(1) unterdem Namen vim und den Archivierer tar(1) auch für DOS.

Umlenkungen (>, <) und Pipes (|) arbeiten unter beiden Be-triebssystemen gleich.

H BesondereUNIX-KommandosH.1 vi(1)

Kommando Wirkungesc schaltet in Kommando-Modus umh Cursor nach linksj Cursor nach untenk Cursor nach obenl Cursor nach rechts0 Cursor an Zeilenanfang$ Cursor an ZeilenendenG Cursor in Zeile Nr. nG Cursor in letzte Zeile des Textesn+ Cursor n Zeilen vorwärtsn- Cursor n Zeilen rückwärtsa schreibe anschließend an Cursori schreibe vor Cursoro öffne neue Zeile unterhalb CursorO öffne neue Zeile oberhalb Cursorr ersetze das Zeichen auf CursorR ersetze Text ab Cursorx lösche das Zeichen auf Cursordd lösche Cursorzeilendd lösche n Zeilen ab und samt CursorzeilenY übernimm n Zeilen in Zwischenspeicherp schreibe Zwischenpuffer unterhalb CursorzeileP schreibe Zwischenpuffer oberhalb CursorzeileJ hänge nächste Zeile an laufende an/abc suche String abc nach Cursor?abc suche String abc vor Cursorn wiederhole Stringsucheu mache letztes Kommando ungültig (undo)% suche Gegenklammer (in Programmen)

48

H.2. EMACS(1) 49

:read file lies file ein:w schreibe Text zurück (write, save):q verlasse Editor ohne write (quit):wq write und quit

Weitere vi-Kommandos im Referenz-Handbuch unter vi(1), inverschiedenen Hilfen im Netz oder in dem Buch von MORRIS I.BOLSKY.

H.2 emacs(1)Der emacs(1) kennt keine Modi, die Kommandos werden durchbesondere Tastenkombinationen erzeugt. control h, t bedeu-tet: zuerst die Tastenkombination control h eintippen, loslas-sen, dann t eintippen. Die Mächtigkeit des Emacs zeigt sich dar-an, daß nicht ein Hilfefenster angeboten wird, sondern ein gan-zes Tutorial.

Kommando Wirkungemacs filename Aufruf zum Editieren des Files filenamecontrol h, t Tutorialcontrol h, i Manualscontrol x, control s Text speicherncontrol x, control x Text speichern, Editor verlassen

Weitere emacs-Kommandos im Tutorial, im Referenz-Handbuchunter emacs(1), in verschiedenen Hilfen im Netz oder in demBuch von D. CAMERON und B. ROSENBLATT.

H.3 joe(1)Der joe(1) kennt keine Modi, die Kommandos werden durchbesondere Tastenkombinationen erzeugt. control k, h bedeu-tet: zuerst die Tastenkombination control k eintippen, loslas-sen, dann h eintippen.

Kommando Wirkung

50 ANHANG H. BESONDERE UNIX-KOMMANDOS

joe filename Aufruf zum Editieren des Files filenamecontrol k, h Hilfe anzeigencontrol k, x Text speichern, Editor verlassencontrol c Editor ohne Speichern verlassen

Weitere joe-Kommandos im Hilfefenster, im Referenz-Handbuch unter joe(1) oder in verschiedenen Hilfen imNetz.

H.4 DruckenIn der UNIX-Welt gibt es mehrere Systeme aus Druckdämonenund -kommandos. Man muß sich beim System-Manager erkun-digen (oder experimentell ermitteln), welches Drucksystem ver-wendet wird. In ihrer Funktionalität ähneln sich die Systeme, inEinzelheiten und der Kommandosyntax unterscheiden sie sich.

Aufgabe System V BSD LPRng HPDPSDruckauftrag geben lp lpr lpr pdprDruckauftrag löschen cancel lprm lprm pdrm, pdcleanStatus abfragen lpstat lpq lpq pdqSpoolerdämon lpsched lp lp (Spooler)

H.5 ftp(1)Wenn man eine FTP-Verbindung zu einem Computer im Netz un-terhält, stehen nur ftp-Kommandos für die Fileübertragung zurVerfügung, die mit den UNIX-Kommandos nichts zu tun haben.Die wichtigsten von etwa 70 sind:

Kommando Wirkungftp Beginn der FTP-Sitzungopen Verbinden mit angegebener Adresseuser Eingabe Benutzernamenpwd print working directory, wie UNIXcd change directory, wie UNIX

H.5. FTP(1) 51

lcd change local directorydir, ls Verzeichnis auflistenascii in ASCII-Modus schalten (für ASCII-Texte)binary in binären Modus schalten (für alle übrigen Files)get File vom Host holenget README |more kurzes Textfile README on-line lesenput File zum Host schickenmget multi-get, mehrere Files auf einmal holenmput multi-put, mehrere Files auf einmal schickenprompt Abfragen bei mget und mput unterdrückenrhelp Kommandos der Übertragung anzeigenclose Verbindung (nicht Sitzung) beendenbye, quit Sitzung beendenhelp lokale Hilfe zu Kommandos anzeigen? cmd Hilfe zum Kommando cmd anzeigen

I UNIX-DateisystemI.1 Zugriffsrechte

• d Verzeichnis (directory),• l weicher (symbolischer) Link,• c Character Device File,• b Block Device File,• p Named Pipe (FIFO),• n Network Device File,• s an vorderster Stelle: Socket,• - an vorderster Stelle: reguläre Datei, sonst gleichbedeu-

tend mit nicht gesetztem Recht, Zahlenwert 0,• r lesen (read), kopieren, bei Verzeichnissen: mit ls(1) auf-

listen, Zahlenwert 4,• w schreiben (write), ändern, bei Verzeichnissen Dateien an-

legen oder löschen, Zahlenwert 2,• x ausführen (execute, was nur bei Programmen sinnvoll

ist), bei Verzeichnissen mit cd(1) hinein- oder hindurch-gehen (search), Zahlenwert 1,

• S bei den Besitzerrechten: Set-User-ID-Bit gesetzt, Zahlen-wert 4, x nicht gesetzt,

• s bei den Besitzerrechten: Set-User-ID-Bit gesetzt, Zahlen-wert 4, x gesetzt,

• S bei den Gruppenrechten: Set-Group-ID-Bit gesetzt, Zah-lenwert 2, x nicht gesetzt,

• s bei den Gruppenrechten: Set-Group-ID-Bit gesetzt, Zah-lenwert 2, x gesetzt,

• T Sticky Bit gesetzt, Zahlenwert 1, x nicht gesetzt,• t Sticky Bit, Zahlenwert 1, und x gesetzt,

52

I.1. ZUGRIFFSRECHTE 53

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Bit

54 ANHANG I. UNIX-DATEISYSTEM

I.2 KennungenUnter UNIX ist es nicht gebräuchlich, den Typ eines Files durchein Anhängsel (Kennung, Erweiterung, Extension) an seinenNamen zu kennzeichnen, aber es ist erlaubt. Die Länge der Ken-nung ist beliebig, es dürfen auch zwei Kennungen angefügt wer-den, zum Beispiel .ps.gz. Folgende Kennungen (a = ASCII-Text, b = binäres File, ? = wechselnd oder unbekannt) sind ver-breitet:

$$$ ? Temporäres File10X b Gemini 10X Printer Graphicsa b UNIX-Archiv, mit ar(1) erzeugtacr b ACR-NEMA Medical Imageadf ? Adapter Description (IBM)adi b AutoCAD DXFadn ? Add In Utility (Lotus)afm ? Adobe Font Metrics (Adobe)ai ? Adobe Illustratorani b Atari ST Graphics Formatans b ANSI-Grafikapp ? Application (RBase, NeXT)arc ? Archiv, mit arc oder pkpak komprimiertarj b Archiv, mit ??? komprimiertart b First Publisher Clip Artasc a ASCII-Textfileasm a Assembler-Quelleatk b Andrew Toolkit Raster Objectau b Sound (Sun, NeXT)aux ? TeX Hilfsfile, mit Bezügenavi b Microsoft RIFFavs b Intel DVIbak a Backupbas b BASIC-Quellebat a Batchfile unter MS-DOS, entsprechend Shellscriptbbl a BIBTeX Literaturverzeichnisbck ? Backupbfx b Bitfaxbgi b Borland Graphic Interfacebib ? Bibliographie

I.2. KENNUNGEN 55

bif b Binary Imagebin b binäres Filebit b TeX Ausgabe des Druckertreibersbk a Backup (WordPerfect)bld b BASIC Bload Graphicsbm b X11 Bitmapbmp b Microsoft Bitmap Graphics (Windows, OS/2)bnd b Microsoft RIFFbob b BOB Imagebpx b Lumena Paintbsc ? Boyan Scriptbsv b BASIC Bsave Graphicsbtm a Batchfile unter 4DOSbw b SGI Image File Formatbyu b Movie BYUc a C-QuelleC a C++-Quellec64 b Commodore 64 Imagecab ? Microsoft Cabinetcal b CAL Rastercap a Capture-File (Telix)cat a Catalogue, Verzeichniscbl a COBOL-Quellecc a C++-Quellecco b Btx-Grafikcdf ? Comma delimited formatcdi b Philips CD-I IFFcdr b Corel Draw Vektorgrafikcdx ? Compound Index (FoxPro)cel b Lumena CELcfg ? Konfigurations-Filecgm b Computer Graphics Metafile (Harvard Graphics, Lotus)chk ? von chkdsk erzeugtes File (MS-DOS)chm b compilierte HTML-Dateicht b Harvard Graphicsclp ? Clipboard (Windows), Clip Art, GRASPcmd a Command, Skript, Batchfile unter OS/2cmi b Intel DVIcmu b CMU Window Manager Bitmapcnc a CNC-Programme


cnf ? Konfigurations-Filecob a COBOL-Quellecod ? Codelistecom b Kommando (MS-DOS), ausführbares Programmcpi ? Code Page Information (MS-DOS)cpp a C++-Quellecpt ? Compact Pro (Kompressor Macintosh)crd ? Cardfilecrf ? Cross Referencecsv a Comma Separated Valuesctx b Signaturfile (PGP)cube b Cubicomp Picturemaker Imagecue ? Cuecard (Volltext-DB, Windows)cur b Microsoft Windows Cursor Imagecut b Dr. Halo Bitmapcvf b Compressed Volumecxx a C++-Quelledat a Datendb b Datenbank (Paradox)dbf ? Datenbank (dBase)dcf ? Driver Configuration filedcs b Quark Desktop Color Separation EPSdct ? Dictionarydcx b Fax-Filedd ? Disk Doublerddif ? DEC DDIFdef ? Definitionen, Defaultwertedem b Demonstrationdes ? Descriptiondhp b Dr. Halo PICdib b Microsoft Windows Bitmap, OS/2 Bitmapdic ? Dictionarydif ? Lotus Data Interchange Formatdir a Directory, Verzeichnisdll b Dynamically Linked Library (OS/2, Windows)doc a Dokument, Text (MS Word)dok a Dokument, Textdpx b Cineon DPXdrs b Driver Resource (WordPerfect)drv b Device Driver

I.2. KENNUNGEN 57

drw b Drawingdta a Datendv a Desqview Scriptfiledvi b Metafile von TeX, geräteunabhängigdvr b Device Driverdxb b Drawing Interchange Binary (AutoCAD)dxf b Data Exchange Format (AutoCAD)ega b EGA-Grafikeidi b Electric Image EIDIel a Emacs Lispelc b Emacs Lisp compiledemf ? Enhanced Metafile Formateml a Electronic Mailenc b encodedeps b Adobe Encapsulated Postscriptepsi b Encapsulated Postscript Previewerr a Error, Fehlerprotokolletx ? Setextexe b executable, ausführbares Programm (MS-DOS)f a FORTRAN-Quellefax b G3 Faxfbc b Family Tree Maker Backup for DOSfbk b Family Tree Maker Backup for Windowsfd ? Font Descriptionfif ? Fractal Image Formatfits b Flexible Image Transport Systemfli b EmTeX Fontlibraryfnt b Fontfop b Freedom of Press Graphicsfor a FORTRAN-Quellefpx b Flash Pics Raster Imagefs b Usenix Face Saverftm b Family Tree Maker for DOSftw b Family Tree Maker for Windowsfxs b Fax (Winfax)g3 b G3 Faxgem ? GEM Metagfb b Gifblast compressed GIF imagegif b CompuServe Graphics Interchange Formatglo a TeX Glossar


go b GraphOn Graphicsgoes b NOAA Satellite Datagrib b Gridded Binary (WMO)gz b mit GNU gzip(1) komprimierth a Header-File , include-Filehex b Hexdumphdf ? Hierarchical Data Formathips b Human Information Processing Laboratoryhpp a Header-File C++hqx b Macintosh BinHex encodedhta ? HTML-Anwendunghtm a Hypertext-Markup-Language (DOS-Welt)html a Hypertext-Markup-Language (UNIX-Welt)i a C-Quelle nach Präprozessor-Durchlaufiax b Image Access Executiveicc b Kodak ICC Printerico b Microsoft Windows Icon Imageicr b NCSA Telnet Interactive Color Raster Graphicidx a Indexiff b Sun Interchange File Formatilbm b Amiga Interleaved Bitmapimg b Image, GEM Paint, Rastergrafik/Bitmapinf a Information, Installationsskriptini ? Konfigurationsfile (Initialisierung)jar ? Java Archivjfi b JPEG File Interchange Formatjif b JPEG Interchange Formatjpeg b Joint Photographic Experts Group Compressedjpg b Joint Photographic Experts Group Compressedjs a Javascriptjse b Javascript kodiertl a lex(1)-Quellelan b Erdaslib b Library, Bibliotheklj b HP Laserjet Graphicslof a TeX Bildverzeichnis (list of figures)log a Protokollfile, TeX Meldungen während der Übersetzunglot a TeX Tabellenverzeichnis (list of tables)lst a Listeltm b EOSAT’s Landsat Thematic Mapper Data

I.2. KENNUNGEN 59

lzh b Archiv, mit lha komprimiertm4 a m4(1)-Präprozessormac b Macintosh Paintmap b Map-File (Quick C)mak a Makefilemdb ? Microsoft Data Base (Access)mdf ? Menu Definitionmgr b MGR Bitmapmid b Midi Soundmif b Maker Interchange Format (FrameMaker)miff b Magick Image File Formatmod b MODULA-Quelle, Amiga-Modul (Sound)mpeg b Motion Pictures Expert Group (Filme)mpnt b Apple Macintosh MacPaintmsp b Microsoft Windows Paintmtv b MTV Raytracerneo b Atari NeoChrome Imagenff ? Neutral File Formatnitf b National Image Transmissiono b Objekt-Codeobj b Objekt-Codeold ? Kopie eines Files vor Überschreibenomf a Open Source Metadata Frameworkovl b Overlayovr b Overlay, Overviewp a PASCAL-Quellepak b Archiv, mit pkpak komprimiertpax b Portable Archive Exchangepbm b Portable Bitmappcd b Kodak Photo Compact Discpcl a HP Printer Control Languagepct b Macintosh PICTpcx b Paintbrush, Rastergrafikpdf b Adobe Portable Document Formatpds b NASA Planetary Image, PDS/VICARpi1 b Atari Degaspic b Lotus/Pixar/Radiance Picture, Softimage Imagepics b Apple Macintosh PICSpict b Apple Macintosh QuickDrawpif b Program Information


pit b PackIt (Kompressor Macintosh)pix b Inset PIX, Lumena Paint, Alias Imagepj b HP PaintJet Graphicspk b Packed Format Fontpng b Portable Network Graphicspnm b PBM Portable Any Mappov b Persistance of Visionpps ? Power Point Slide Showppt ? Power Pointprn a Druckerfileprt b Parallel Ray Traceps b Postscriptpsf b Permanent Swapptr b OS/2 PTR Fileptx b Printronix Graphicsqdv b Random Dot QDVqfx b Fax-File (Quicklink)qrt b QRT Ray Tracerqtm b QuickTimer a Rational-FORTRAN-Quelleras b SUN/CALS Raster Grafikrdi b Microsoft RIFFreg ? MS Windows Registryrff b Dore Raster File Formatrgb b SGI RGB Imageriff b Letraset Imagerix b Softworks Paint Tool Colorixrla b Wavefront Run Length Encoded Version A Raster Imagerlb b Wavefront Run Length Encoded Version B Raster Imagerle b Utah Run Length Encoded Imagerm b Real Mediarpm ? Red Hat Package Managerrtf ? Rich Text Formats a Assembler-Quellescan b Thunderscan Imagescr b Screensaver, SUN/CALS Raster Grafiksdf ? Space Delimited Filesea ? Self Extracting Archive (Macintosh)sgi b SGI Image File Formatsh a Bourne-Shell-Script

I.2. KENNUNGEN 61

shar a Bourne-Shell-Archivshr a Shell-Archivshtml a Server Parsed HTML Documentsir b Solitairesit b Macintosh StuffIt Archivesix b DEC LN03+ Sixelsld b AutoCAD Slidespc b Atari Compressed Spectrumspl ? Future Splash Playerspot b SPOT Satellite Imagespu b Atari Compressed Spectrumsrc a Program Source Codestf ? Structured Fileswf ? Shockwave Flashswt ? Shockwave Templatesys b Treiber unter MS-DOStar b tar(1)-Archivtdf ? Trace/Typeface Definitiontdi b TDI Imagetex a TeX- oder LaTeX-Quelltexttfm b TeX-Font-Metricstga b Truevision TARGA Imagetgz b .tar.gz, tar-Archiv, GNUzip komprimierttif b Tag Image File Format (Scanner)tiff b Tag Image File Format (Scanner)tmp ? temporäres Filetoc a Hilfsfile von TeX (table of contents)tpu b Turbo Pascal Unitttf b TrueType Fonttxt a Textfile, lesbartz b tar.Z, tar-Archiv, compress(1)-komprimiertuil b Motif UIL Iconuu a uuencoded File, ASCII, aber nicht lesbaruud a uuencoded File, ASCII, aber nicht lesbaruue a uuencoded File, ASCII, aber nicht lesbarvbe b kodiertes Visual-Basic-Skriptvbs a Visual-Basic-skriptvcf b Visiting Card Filevdi b Digital Research GEM VDIvi b Jovian Logic Video Capture


viff b Khoros Visualization Imagevoc b Creative Labs Soundvort b VORT Raytracer Imagewav b Microsoft Windows Sound (RIFF)web a WEB-Quellewfx b Fax-File (Winfax)wma b Windows Media Audiowmf b Windows Metafile Formatwpg a WordPerfect Graphics Metafilewps a Microsoft Works Textfilewri a Windows Textfilewsh ? MS Windows Scripting Host Skriptx b SuperDisk Self-extracting Archivexbm b X11 Bitmapxim b X11 Xim Toolkitxls ? MS-Excel-Dateixos b Xaos Tools Imagexpm b X11 Pixmapxv b Khoros Visualization Imagexwd b X11 Dump Imagey a yacc(1)-Quelleybm b Face Fileyuv b Abekas YUVZ b mit compress(1) (UNIX) komprimiertz b mit GNU gzip komprimiert (veraltet, besser gz)zinc b Zinc Interface Library Iconzip b mit pkzip komprimiertzoo b mit zoo komprimiert

Weitere Sammlungen von File-Kennungen finden sich imNetz unter:http://www.extsearch.com/http://www.stack.com/http://filext.com/http://www.namext.net/http://home.t-online.de/home/her-herrmann/Prgkenn.html

Postscript- oder PDF-Files bestehen zwar aus ASCII-Zeichenund lassen sich auch editieren, sofern man die Sprache kennt,dürfen aber nur im binären Modus von FTP übertragen werden,um keine Zeichen zu verändern.

J UNIX-SystemaufrufeSystemaufrufe werden vom Anwendungsprogramm wie eigeneoder fremde Funktionen angesehen. Ihrem Ursprung nach sindes auch C-Funktionen. Sie sind jedoch nicht Bestandteil einerFunktionsbibliothek, sondern gehören zum Betriebssystem undsind nicht durch andere Funktionen erweiterbar.

Die Systemaufrufe – als Bestandteil des Betriebssystems– sind für alle Programmiersprachen dieselben, während dieFunktionsbibliotheken zur jeweiligen Programmiersprache ge-hören. Folgende Systemaufrufe sind unter UNIX verfügbar:

access prüft Zugriff auf Fileacct startet und stoppt Prozess Accountingalarm setzt Weckeruhr für Prozessatexit Funktion für Programmendebrk ändert Speicherzuweisungchdir wechselt Arbeitsverzeichnischmod ändert Zugriffsrechte eines Fileschown ändert Besitzer eines Fileschroot ändert Root-Verzeichnisclose schließt einen File-Deskriptorcreat öffnet File, ordnet Deskriptor zudup dupliziert File-Deskriptorerrno Fehlervariable der Systemaufrufeexec führt ein Programm ausexit beendet einen Prozessfcntl Filesteuerungfork erzeugt einen neuen Prozessfsctl liest Information aus File-Systemfsync schreibt File aus Arbeitsspeicher auf Plattegetaccess ermittelt Zugriffsrechtegetacl ermittelt Zugriffsrechtegetcontext ermittelt Kontext eines Prozessesgetdirentriesermittelt Verzeichnis-Einträgegetgroups ermittelt Gruppenrechte eines Prozessesgethostname ermittelt Namen des Systems

63

64 ANHANG J. UNIX-SYSTEMAUFRUFE

getitimer setzt oder liest Intervall-Uhrgetpid liest Prozess-IDgettimeofdayermittelt Zeitgetuid liest User-ID des aufrufenden Prozessesioctl I/O-Steuerungkill schickt Signal an einen Prozesslink linkt ein Filelockf setzt Semaphore und Record-Sperrenlseek bewegt Schreiblesezeiger in einem Filemkdir erzeugt Verzeichnismknod erzeugt Filemount hängt File-System in File-Hierarchie einmsgctl Interprozess-Kommunikationnice ändert die Priorität eines Prozessesopen öffnet File zum Lesen oder Schreibenpause suspendiert Prozess bis zum Empfang eines Signalspipe erzeugt eine Pipeprealloc reserviert Arbeitsspeicherprofil ermittelt Zeiten bei der Ausführung eines Programmesread liest aus einem Filereadlink liest symbolisches Linkrename ändert Filenamenrmdir löscht Verzeichnisrtprio ändert Echtzeit-Prioritätsemctl Semaphoresetgrp setzt Gruppen-Zugriffsrechte eines Prozessessetuid setzt User-ID eines Prozessessignal legt fest, was auf ein Signal hin zu tun iststat liest die Inode eines Filesstatfs liest Werte des File-Systemssymlink erzeugt symbolischen Linksync schreibt Puffer auf Platteszsconf ermittelt Systemwertetime ermittelt die Systemzeittimes ermittelt Zeitverbrauch eines Prozessestruncate schneidet File abumask setzt oder ermittelt Filezugriffsmaskeumount entfernt Filesystem aus File-Hierarchieunlink löscht Fileustat liest Werte des File-Systems

65

utime setzt Zeitstempel eines Fileswait wartet auf Ende eines Kindprozesseswrite schreibt in ein File

Die Aufzählung kann durch weitere Systemaufrufe des jewei-ligen Lieferanten des Betriebssystems (z. B. Hewlett-Packard)ergänzt werden. Diese erleichtern das Programmieren, ver-schlechtern aber die Portabilität. Zu den meisten Systemaufru-fen mit get... gibt es ein Gegenstück set..., das in einigenFällen dem Superuser vorbehalten ist.

K UNIX-SignaleDie Default-Reaktion eines Prozesses auf die meisten Signale istseine Beendigung; sie können aber abgefangen und umdefiniertwerden. Die Signale 09, 24 und 26 können nicht abgefangen wer-den. Die Bezeichnungen sind nicht ganz einheitlich. Weiteres un-ter signal(2), signal(5) oder signal(7).

Name Nr. BedeutungSIGHUP 01 hangupSIGINT 02 interrupt (meist Break-Taste)SIGQUIT 03 quitSIGILL 04 illegal instructionSIGTRAP 05 trace trapSIGABRT 06 software generated abortSIGIOT 06 software generated signalSIGEMT 07 software generated signalSIGFPE 08 floating point exceptionSIGKILL 09 kill (sofortiger Selbstmord)SIGBUS 10 bus errorSIGSEGV 11 segmentation violationSIGSYS 12 bad argument to system callSIGPIPE 13 write on a pipe with no one to read itSIGALRM 14 alarm clockSIGTERM 15 software termination (bitte Schluss machen)SIGUSR1 16 user defined signal 1SIGSTKFLT 16 stack fault on coprocessorSIGUSR2 17 user defined signal 2SIGCHLD 18 death of a childSIGCLD 18 = SIGCHLDSIGPWR 19 power failSIGINFO 19 = SIGPWRSIGVTALRM 20 virtual timer alarmSIGPROF 21 profiling timer alarmSIGIO 22 asynchronous I/O signalSIGPOLL 22 = SIGIOSIGWINDOW 23 window change or mouse signal

66

67

SIGSTOP 24 stopSIGTSTP 25 stop signal generated from keyboardSIGCONT 26 continue after stopSIGTTIN 27 background read attempt from control terminalSIGTTOU 28 background write attempt from control terminalSIGURG 29 urgent data arrived on an I/O channelSIGLOST 30 NFS file lock lostSIGXCPU 30 CPU time limit exceededSIGXFSZ 31 file size limit exceeded

Die Nr. 0 wird nicht für ein Signal verwendet. Wird sie demShell-Kommando trap übergeben, so ist damit das Ende derShell (exit) gemeint.

L Videomodi des Linux-KernsDie dem VGA-Treiber im Linux-Kern bekannten Vidomodi wer-den durch Nummern bezeichnet, die sich aus den Nummern derVESA-Videomodi durch Addition von 0x200 (hexadezimal) erge-ben. Mit der Angabe vga=791 in der GRUB-Konfigurationsdateiwird beispielsweise erreicht, dass der Kern den VGA-Treiber miteiner Auflösung von 1024 x 768 bei 16 Bit Farbtiefe (65536 Far-ben) startet.

Tab. L.1: Einige Videomodi des Linux-Kerns

Modus, hex. Modus, dez. Auflösung (Pixel) Farbtiefe (Bits)

0x0300 768 640 x 400 80x0301 769 640 x 480 80x0303 771 800 x 600 80x0305 773 1024 x 768 80x0307 775 1280 x 1024 80x030E 782 320 x 200 160x030F 783 320 x 200 240x0310 784 640 x 480 150x0311 785 640 x 480 160x0312 786 640 x 480 240x0313 787 800 x 600 150x0314 788 800 x 600 160x0315 789 800 x 600 240x0316 790 1024 x 768 150x0317 791 1024 x 768 160x0318 792 1024 x 768 240x0319 793 1280 x 1024 150x031A 794 1280 x 1024 160x031B 795 1280 x 1024 240x031C 796 1600 x 1200 80x031D 797 1600 x 1200 150x031E 798 1600 x 1200 16

Fortsetzung

68

69

Tab. L.1: (Fortsetzung)

Modus, hex. Modus, dez. Auflösung (Pixel) Farbtiefe (Bits)

0x031F 799 1600 x 1200 240x0330 816 320 x 200 80x0331 817 320 x 400 80x0332 818 320 x 400 160x0333 819 320 x 400 240x0334 820 320 x 240 80x0335 821 320 x 240 160x0336 822 320 x 240 240x033D 829 640 x 400 160x033E 830 640 x 400 240x0345 837 1600 x 1200 80x0346 838 1600 x 1200 160x0347 839 1400 x 1050 80x0348 840 1400 x 1050 160x0352 850 2048 x 1536 24

M C-LexikonM.1 SchlüsselwörterIn C/C++ dürfen Schlüsselwörter keinesfalls als Namen verwen-det werden. Laut ANSI verwendet C folgende Schlüsselwörter(Wortsymbole, keywords):

• Deklaratoren

– auto, Default-Speicherklasse (kann weggelassen wer-den)

– char, Zeichentyp– const, Typattribut (neu in ANSI-C)– double, Typ Gleitkommazahl doppelter Genauigkeit– enum, Aufzählungstyp– extern, Speicherklasse– float, Typ Gleitkommazahl einfacher Genauigkeit– int, Typ Ganzzahl einfacher Länge– long, Typ Ganzzahl doppelter Länge– register, Speicherklasse Registervariable– short, Typ Ganzzahl halber Länge– signed, Typzusatz zu Ganzzahl oder Zeichen– static, Speicherklasse– struct, Strukturtyp– typedef, Definition eines benutzereigenen Typs– union, Typ Union– unsigned, Typzusatz zu Ganzzahl oder Zeichen– void, leerer Typ– volatile, Typattribut (neu in ANSI-C)

• Schleifen und Bedingungen (Kontrollanweisungen)

70

M.1. SCHLÜSSELWÖRTER 71

– break, Verlassen einer Schleife– case, Fall einer Auswahl (switch)– continue, Rücksprung vor eine Schleife– default, Default-Fall einer Auswahl (switch)– do, Beginn einer do-Schleife– else, Alternative einer Verzweigung– for, Beginn einer for-Schleife– goto, unbedingter Sprung– if, Bedingung oder Beginn einer Verzweigung– switch, Beginn einer Auswahl– while, Beginn einer while-Schleife

• Sonstige

– return, Rücksprung in die aufrufende Einheit– sizeof, Bytebedarf eines Typs oder einer Variablen

In C++ kommen laut BJARNE STROUSTRUP hinzu:• catch, Ausnahmebehandlung• class, Klassendeklaration• delete, Löschen eines Objektes• friend, Deklaration einer Funktion• inline, inline-Funktion• new, Erzeugen eines Objektes• operator, Überladen von Operatoren• private, Deklaration von Klassenmitgliedern• protected, Deklaration von Klassenmitgliedern• public, Deklaration von Klassenmitgliedern• template, Deklaration eines Templates (Klasse)• this, Pointer auf Objekt• throw, Ausnahmebehandlung• try, Ausnahmebehandlung• virtual, Deklaration

72 ANHANG M. C-LEXIKON

Darüber hinaus verwenden einige Compiler weitere Schlüssel-wörter:

• asm, Assembler-Aufruf innerhalb einer C- oder C++-Quelle• bool, logischer oder boolescher Typ• cdecl, Aufruf einer Funktion nach C-Konventionen• const_cast, cast-Operator für const-Werte• dynamic_cast, cast-Operator• entry, (war in K&R-C für künftigen Gebrauch vorgesehen)• explicit, Konstruktor-Vereinbarung• export, Vereinbarung bei Klassen-Templates• false, boolesche Konstante• far, Typzusatz unter MS-DOS• fortran, Aufruf einer Funktion nach FORTRAN-

Konventionen• huge, Typzusatz unter MS-DOS• mutable, Typattribut• namespace, Vereinbarung des Geltungsbereiches von Na-

men• near, Typzusatz unter MS-DOS• pascal, Aufruf einer Funktion nach PASCAL-

Konventionen• reinterpret_cast, cast-Operator• static_cast, cast-Operator• true, boolesche Konstante• typeid, Operator zum Ermitteln des Typs• typename, Alternative zum Schlüsselwort class• using, Deklaration in Verbindung mit namespace• wchar_t, Typ (wide character literal)

M.2. OPERATOREN 73

M.2 OperatorenDie Operatoren von C/C++ sind im folgenden ihrem Vorrangnach geordnet, höchster Rang (Bindungskraft) zuoberst. AlleOperatoren eines Abschnitts haben gleichen Rang. l bzw. r be-deutet von links bzw. rechts her assoziativ. Ein unärer Opera-tor verlangt einen Operanden, ein binärer zwei und ein ternärerdrei.

Operator A - Bedeutung:: r unär Bezugsrahmen, global:: l binär Bezugsrahmen, Klasse:: l binär Bezugsrahmen, Namensraum( ) l unär Klammerung, Funktion[ ] l unär Index-> l binär Auswahl. l binär Auswahl++ r unär Postfix Inkrement-- r unär Postfix Dekrementtypeid unär Typabfrageconst_cast binär Typumwandlungdynamic_cast binär Typumwandlungreinterpret_cast binär Typumwandlungstatic_cast binär Typumwandlungsizeof r unär Größenabfrage++ r unär Präfix Inkrement-- r unär Präfix Dekrement~ r unär bitweise Negation! r unär logische Negation- r unär negatives Vorzeichen+ r unär positives Vorzeichen* r unär Dereferenzierung& r unär Referenzierung( ) r binär cast-Operatornew r unär dynamische Speicherbelegungdelete r unär dynamische Speicherfreigabe->* l binär Auswahl.* l binär Auswahl* l binär Multiplikation/ l binär Division


% l binär Modulus (Divisionsrest)+ l binär Addition- l binär Subtraktion<< l binär bitweises Shiften links>> l binär bitweises Shiften rechts< l binär kleiner als<= l binär kleiner gleich> l binär größer als>= l binär größer gleich== l binär Gleichheit!= l binär Ungleichheit& l binär bitweises Und^ l binär bitweises exklusives Oder| l binär bitweises Oder&& l binär logisches Und|| l binär logisches Oder?: l ternär bedingte Bewertung= r binär Zuweisung+=, -=, *=, /= r binär zusammengesetzte%=, >>=, <<=, Zuweisung&=, |=, ^=throw unär Ausnahmebehandlung, l Komma-Operator

M.3 StandardfunktionenFolgende Standardfunktionen oder -makros sind gebräuchlich:

• Pufferbehandlung

– memchr, sucht Zeichen im Puffer– memcmp, vergleicht Zeichen mit Pufferinhalt– memcpy, kopiert Zeichen in Puffern– memset, setzt Puffer auf bestimmtes Zeichen

• Zeichenbehandlung

– isalnum, prüft Zeichen, ob alphanumerisch– isalpha, prüft Zeichen, ob Buchstabe

M.3. STANDARDFUNKTIONEN 75

– iscntrl, prüft Zeichen, ob Kontrollzeichen– isdigit, prüft Zeichen, ob Ziffer– isgraph, prüft Zeichen, ob sichtbar– islower, prüft Zeichen, ob Kleinbuchstabe– isprint, prüft Zeichen, ob druckbar– ispunct, prüft Zeichen, ob Satzzeichen– isspace, prüft Zeichen, ob Whitespace– isupper, prüft Zeichen. ob Großbuchstabe– isxdigit, prüft Zeichen, ob hexadezimale Ziffer– tolower, wandelt Großbuchstaben in Kleinbuchsta-

ben um– toupper, wandelt Kleinbuchstaben in Großbuchsta-

ben um

• Datenumwandlung

– atof, wandelt String in double-Wert um– atoi, wandelt String in int-Wert um– atol, wandelt String in long-Wert um– strtod, wandelt String in double-Wert um– strtol, wandelt String in long-Wert um– strtoul, wandelt String in unsigned long-Wert um

• Filebehandlung

– remove, löscht File– rename, ändert Namen eines Files

• Ein- und Ausgabe

– clearerr, löscht Fehlermeldung eines Filepointers– fclose, schließt Filepointer– fflush, leert Puffer eines Filepointers– fgetc, liest Zeichen von Filepointer– fgetpos, ermittelt Stand des Lesezeigers– fgets, liest String von Filepointer


– fopen, öffnet Filepointer– fprintf, schreibt formatiert nach Filepointer– fputc, schreibt Zeichen nach Filepointer– fputs, schreibt String nach Filepointer– fread, liest Bytes von Filepointer– freopen, ersetzt geöffneten Filepointer– fscanf, liest formatiert von Filepointer– fseek, setzt Lesezeiger auf bestimmte Stelle– fsetpos, setzt Lesezeiger auf bestimmte Stelle– ftell, ermittelt Stellung des Lesezeigers– fwrite, schreibt Bytes nach Filepointer– getc, liest Zeichen von Filepointer– getchar, liest Zeichen von stdin

– gets, liest String von Filepointer– printf, schreibt formatiert nach stdout

– putc, schreibt Zeichen nach Filepointer– putchar, schreibt Zeichen nach stdout

– puts, schreibt String nach Filepointer– rewind, setzt Lesezeiger auf Fileanfang– scanf, liest formatiert von stdin

– setbuf, ordnet einem Filepointer einen Puffer zu– setvbuf, ordnet einem Filepointer einen Puffer zu– sprintf, schreibt formatiert in einen String– sscanf, liest formatiert aus einem String– tempnam, erzeugt einen temporären Filenamen– tmpfile, erzeugt ein temporäres File– ungetc, schreibt letztes gelesenes Zeichen zurück– vfprintf, schreibt formatiert aus einer Argumenten-

liste– vprintf, schreibt formatiert aus einer Argumenten-

liste

M.3. STANDARDFUNKTIONEN 77

– vsprintf, schreibt formatiert aus einer Argumenten-lsite

• Mathematik

– acos, arcus cosinus– asin, arcus sinus– atan, arcus tangens– atan2, arcus tangens, erweiterter Bereich– ceil, kleinste Ganzzahl– cos, cosinus– cosh, cosinus hyperbolicus– exp, Exponentialfunktion– fabs, Absolutwert, Betrag– floor, größte Ganzzahl– fmod, Divisionsrest– frexp, teilt Gleitkommazahl auf– ldexp, teilt Gleitkommazahl auf– log, Logarithmus naturalis– log10, dekadischer Logarithmus– modf, teilt Gleitkommazahl auf– pow, allgemeine Potenz– sin, sinus– sinh, sinus hyperbolicus– sqrt, positive Quadratwurzel– tan, tangens– tanh, tangens hyperbolicus

• Speicherzuweisung

– calloc, allokiert Speicher für Array– free, gibt allokierten Speicher frei– malloc, allokiert Speicher– realloc, ändert Größe des allokierten Speichers


• Prozesssteuerung

– abort, erzeugt SIGABRT-Signal– atexit, Funktionsaufruf bei Programmende– exit, Programmende– raise, sendet Signal– signal, legt Antwort auf Siganl fest– system, übergibt Argument an Kommandointerpreter

• Suchen und Sortieren

– bsearch, binäre Suche– qsort, Quicksort

• Stringbehandlung

– strcat, verkettet Strings– strchr, sucht Zeichen in String– strcmp, vergleicht Strings– strcpy, kopiert String– strcspn, sucht Teilstring– strerror, verweist auf Fehlermeldung– strlen, ermittelt Stringlänge– strncat, verkettet n Zeichen von Strings– strncmp, vergleicht n Zeichen von Strings– strncpy, kopiert n Zeichen eines Strings– strpbrk, sucht Zeichen in String– strrchr, sucht Zeichen in String– strspn, ermittelt Länge eines Teilstrings– strstr, sucht Zeichen in String

Dies sind alle Funktionen des ANSI-Vorschlags. Die meistenCompiler bieten darüberhinaus eine Vielzahl weiterer Funktio-nen, die das Programmieren erleichtern, aber die Portabilitätverschlechtern.

M.4. PRINTF(3), SCANF(3) 79

M.4 printf(3), scanf(3)printf(3) und scanf(3) sind die beiden Standardfunktionenzum Ein- und Ausgeben von Daten. Wichtiger Unterschied:printf(3) erwartet Variable, scanf(3) Pointer. Die Format-bezeichner stimmen weitgehend überein:

Bezeichner Typ Beispiel Bedeutung%c char a Zeichen%s char * Karlsruhe String%d int -1234 dezimale Ganzzahl mit Vorzeichen%i int -1234 dezimale Ganzzahl mit Vorzeichen%u unsigned 1234 dezimale Ganzzahl ohne Vorzeichen%ld long 1234 dezimal Ganzzahl doppelter Länge%f double 12.34 Gleitkommazahl mit Vorzeichen%e double 1.234 E 1 Gleitkommazahl, Exponentialform%g double 12.34 kurze Darstellung von %e oder %f%o unsigned octal 2322 oktale Ganzzahl ohne Vorzeichen%x unsigned hex 4d2 hexadezimale Ganzzahl o. Vorzeichen%p void * 68ff32e4 Pointer%% - % Prozentzeichen

Weiteres im Referenz-Handbuch unter printf(3) oderscanf(3). Länge, Bündigkeit, Unterdrückung führenderNullen, Vorzeichenangabe können festgelegt werden.

M.5 Include-DateienDie Standard-Include-Dateien enthalten in lesbarer Form Defi-nitionen von Konstanten und Typen, Deklarationen von Funk-tionen und Makrodefinitionen. Sie werden von Systemaufru-fen und Bibliotheksfunktionen benötigt. Bei der Beschreibungjeder Funktion im Referenz-Handbuch ist angegeben, welcheInclude-Dateien jeweils eingebunden werden müssen. Gebräuch-liche Include-Dateien sind:

• ctype.h, Definition von Zeichenklassen (conv(3))• curses.h, Bildschirmsteuerung (curses(3))• errno.h, Fehlermeldungen des Systems (errno(2))


• fcntl.h, Steuerung des Dateizugriffs(fcntl(2), open(2))

• malloc.h, Speicherallokierung (malloc(3))• math.h, mathematische Funktionen

(log(3), sqrt(3), floor(3))• memory.h, Speicherfunktionen (memory(3))• search.h, Suchfunktionen (bsearch(3))• signal.h, Signalbehandlung (signal(2))• stdio.h, Ein- und Ausgabe

(printf(3), scanf(3), fopen(3))• string.h, Stringbehandlung (string(3))• time.h, Zeitfunktionen (ctime(3))• varargs.h, Argumentenliste variabler Länge

(vprintf(3))• sys/ioctl.h, Ein- und Ausgabe (ioctl(2))• sys/stat.h, Zugriffsrechte (chmod(2), mkdir(2), stat(2))• sys/types.h , verschiedene Deklarationen

(chmod(2), getut(3))Auch diese Liste ist vom Compiler und damit von der Hardwa-re abhängig. So findet man die include-Datei dos.h nicht aufUNIX-Anlagen, sondern nur bei Compilern unter MS-DOS fürPCs.

M.6 Präprozessor-AnweisungenDer erste Schritt beim Compilieren ist die Bearbeitung desQuelltextes durch den Präprozessor. Dieser entfernt den Kom-mentar und führt Ersetzungen und Einfügungen gemäß der fol-genden Anweisungen (directives) aus:

• #define buchstäbliche Ersetzung einer symbolischen Kon-stanten oder eines Makros. Ist kein Ersatz angegeben, wirdnur der Name als definiert angesehen (für #ifdef). Häufig.

• #undefine löscht die Definition eines Namens.• #error führt zu einer Fehlermeldung des Präprozessors.

M.6. PRÄPROZESSOR-ANWEISUNGEN 81

• #include zieht die angegebene Datei herein. Häufig.• #if, #else, #elif, #endif falls Bedingung zutrifft,

werden die nachfolgenden Präprozessor-Anweisungen aus-geführt.

• #ifdef, #ifndef falls der angegebene Name defi-niert bzw. nicht definiert ist, werden die nachfolgendenPräprozessor-Anweisungen ausgeführt.

• #line führt bei Fehlermeldungen zu einem Sprung auf dieangegebenen Zeilennummer.

• #pragma veranlaßt den Präprozessor zu einer systemab-hängigen Handlung.

N Slang im NetzDiese Sammlung von im Netz vorkommenden Slang-Abkürzungen ist ein Auszug aus der Abklex-Liste:

http://www.ciw.uni-karlsruhe.de/abklex.html

mit rund 9000 Abkürzungen aus Informatik und Telekommuni-kation.

2L8 Too LateAAMOF As A Matter Of FactAFAIAA As Far As I Am AwareAFAIC As Far As I am ConcernedAFAIK As Far As I KnowAFAIKT As Far As I Know TodayAFAIR As Far As I RememberAFJ April Fool’s JokeAFK Away From KeyboardAIMB As I Mentioned BeforeAISI As I See ItAIUI As I Understand ItAKA Also Known AsAMBW All My Best WishesANFSCD And Now For Something Completely DifferentAPOL Alternate Person On LineASAP As Soon As PossibleATFSM Ask The Friendly System ManagerATM At The MomentATST At The Same TimeATT At This TimeAWA A While AgoAWB A While BackAWGTHTGTTAAre We Going To Have To Go Through This Again?AWHFY Are We Having Fun Yet?AYOR At Your Own RiscAYST Are You Still There?B4 Before

82

83

B4N Bye For NowBAK Back At KeyboardBBL Be Back LaterBBR Burnt Beyond RecognitionBCNU Be Seeing YouBFBI Brute Force and Bloody IgnoranceBFI Brute Force and IgnoranceBFMI Brute Force and Massive IgnoranceBFN Bye For NowBG Big GrinBHOF Bald Headed Old FartBION Believe It Or NotBITD Back In The DayBM Byte MeBNF Big Name FanBNFSCD But Now For Something Completely DifferentBOF Birds Of a FeatherBOFS Birds Of a Feather SessionBOT Back On TopicBRB Be Right BackBSF But Seriously FolksBTA But Then AgainBTAIM Be That As It MayBTC Biting The CarpetBTDT Been There Done ThatBTHOM Beats The Hell Outta MeBTIC But Then, I’am CrazyBTK Back To KeyboardBTSOOM Beats The Shit Out Of MeBTW By The WayBYKT But You Knew ThatCMH Cross My HeartCMIIW Correct Me If I’m WrongCU See YouCU2 See You, TooCUL See You LaterCYA Cover Your AssCYL See You LaterD+C Duck + CoverDAU Dümmster Anzunehmender User

84 ANHANG N. SLANG IM NETZ

DHRVVF Ducking, Hiding and Running Very Very FastDILLIGAS Do I Look Like I Give A ShitDIY Do It YourselfDLTM Don’t Lie To MeDSH Desparately Seeking HelpDUCWIC Do You See Waht I SeeDWIM Do What I MeanDWISNWID Do What I Say Not What I DoDYHWIH Do You Hear What I HearE2EG Ear To Ear GrinEG Evil GrinEMFBI Excuse Me For Butting InEOD End Of DiscussionESOSL Endless Snorts Of Stupid LaughterETOL Evil Twin On LineF2F Face to FaceFA For AuctionFAFWOA For A Friend Without AccessFB Fine BusinessFCFS First Come First ServedFHS For Heaven’s SakeFIAWOL Fandom Is A Way Of LifeFISH First In, Still HereFITB Fill In The BlankFITNR Fixed In The Next ReleaseFOAF Friend Of A FriendFTASB Faster Than A Speeding BulletFTL Faster Than LightFUBAR Fouled Up Beyond All Repair/RecognitionFUBB Fouled Up Beyond BeliefFUD (spreading) Fear, Uncertainty, and DisinformationFWIW For What It’s WorthFYA For Your AmusementGA Go AheadGAFIA Get Away From It AllGAL Get A LifeGDR Grinning, Ducking and RunningGDRVVF Grinning, Ducking and Running Very, Very FastGFC Going for CoffeeGIGO Garbage In, Garbage/Gospel Out

85

GIWIST Gee I Wish I’d Said ThatGOK God Only KnowsGR+D Grinning, Running + DuckingHAK Hugs And KissesHAND Have A Nice DayHGZH Hoffe Geholfen Zu HabenHHOK Ha Ha Only KiddingHHOS Ha Ha Only SeriousHSIK How Should I KnowHTH Hope This/That HelpsIAC In Any CaseIAE In Any EventIANAL I Am Not A LawyerIBC Inadequate But CuteIBTD I Beg To DifferIC I SeeIC In CharactersICOCBW I Could, Of Course, Be WrongICQ I Seek YouIDC I Don’t CareIDST I Didn’t Say ThatIDTS I Don’t Think SoIIRC If I Remember CorrectlyIITYWYBMADIf I Tell You Will You Buy Me Another Drink?IIWM If It Were Me/MineILLAB Ich Liege Lachend Am Boden, vgl. ROTFLIMAO In My Arrogant OpinionIMCO In My Considered OpinionIME In My ExperienceIMHO In My Humble OpinionIMI I Mean ItIMNSCO In My Not So Considered OpinionIMNSHO In My Not So Humble OpinionIMO In My OpinionIMOBO In My Own Biased OpinionINPO In No Particular OrderIOW In Other WordsIRAS I Really Am SorryIRL In Real LifeISBT It’s Strange But True


ISTM It Seems To MeISTR I Seem To RememberIUTY It’s Up To YouIWBNI It Would Be Nice IfIYSWIM If You See What I MeanISWYM I See What You MeanJAM Just A MinuteJAUA Just Another Useless AnswerJIC Just In CaseJJ Just JokingJSNM Just Stark Naked MagicKIBO Knowledge In, Bullshit OutKWIM Know What I Mean?LLP Live Long and ProsperLLTA Lots and Lots of Thundering ApplauseLMAO Laughing My Ass OffLOL Laughing Out LoudLOL Lots Of LuckLTNS Long Time No SeeMDA Merci d’avanceMHOTY My Hat’s Off To YouMNRE Manual Not Read ErrorMOTAS Member Of The Appropriate SexMTFBWY May The Force Be With YouMUSEN Meinem Unmassgeblichen Sprachempfinden NachMYOB Mind Your Own BusinessNBD No Big DealNCNCNC No Coffee, No Chocolate, No ComputerNFI No Frigging IdeaNFW No Fucking WayNIMBY Not In My BackyardNLA Not Long AgoNLMB NolifemuddinbastardNN Nightmare NetworkerNRN No Reply NecessaryNSO Nonvirtual Significant OtherNTTAWWT Not That There’s Anything Wrong With ThatOAO Over And OutOATUS On A Totally Unrelated SubjectOAUS On An Unrelated Subject

87

OBTW Oh, By The WayOBO Or Best OfferOFAB Old Fart At PlayOIC Oh, I SeeONNA Oh No, Not AgainONNTA Oh No, Not This AgainOOC Out Of CharactersOOP Out Of PrintOOTB Out Of The BoxOOTC Obligatory On-Topic CommentOT Off TopicOTL Out To LunchOTOH On The Other HandOTTH On The Third HandPDQ Pretty Darned QuickPEBKAC Problem Exists Between Keyboard And ChairPFM Pure Fantastic MagicPITA Pine In The AssPMETC Pardon Me, etc.PMFJIB Pardon Me For Jumping In ButPOV Point Of ViewPTO Please Turn OverRAEBNC Read And Enjoyed, But No CommentRL Real LifeROFBTC Rolling On the Floor Biting The CarpetROFL Rolling On the Floor LaughingROFLASTC Rolling On the Floor Laughing And Scaring The CatROFLMAO Rolling On The Floor Laughing My Ass OffROTFL Rolling On The Floor LaughingRSN Real Soon NowRTFAQ Read The FAQRTFB Read The Funny BinaryRTFF Read The Fantastic FAQRTFM Read The Fine/Fantastic/Funny ... ManualRTFS Read The Funny SourceRTM Read The ManualRTWFQ Read The Whole Fantastic QuestionRUOK Are You OkRYS Read Your ScreenSCNR Sorry, Could Not Resist


SEP Somebody Else’s ProblemSFMJI Sorry For My Jumping InSIASL Stranger In A Strange LandSIMCA Sitting In My Chair AmusedSITD Still In The DarkSNAFU Situation Normal All Fed/Fucked UpTABYAS Thinking All But You Are StupidTAFN That’s All For NowTANJ There Ain’t No JusticeTANSTAAFLThere Ain’t No Such Things As A Free LunchTARFU Things Are Really Fouled UpTBH To Be HonestTFTT Thanks For The ThoughtTGAL Think Globally, Act LocallyTGIF Thank God It’s FridayTHWLAIAS The Hour Was Late, And I Am SenileTIA Thanks In AdvanceTIC Tongue In CheekTINAR This Is Not A Recommendation/ReviewTINWIS That Is Not What I SaidTMTOWTDI There’s More Than One Way To Do ItTNX ThanksTOJ Tears Of JoyTPTB The Powers That BeTRDMC Tears Running Down My CheeksTSOHF Total Sense Of Humour FailureTTBOMK To The Best Of My KnowledgeTTFN Ta Ta For NowTTT That’s The TruthTTYL Type/Talk To You LaterTWIU That’s What I Understand/UnderstoodTYCLO Turn Your Caps Lock OffTYVM Thank You Very MuchUDP Usenet Death PenaltyUL Urban LegendUTSL Use The Source, LukeVBG Very Big GrinVL Virtual LifeWAB What Another BillWAMKSAM Why Are My Kids Staring At Me?

89

WDYMBT What Do You Mean By ThatWDYS What Did You SayWHAK With Hugs And KissesWIBNI Would It Be Nice IfWIMRE Wenn Ich Mich Recht ErinnereWMRS Write Me Real SoonWOMBAT Waste Of Money, Brains, And TimeWRT With Regard/Respect ToWT Without ThinkingWTB Wanted To BuyWTH What The Heck/HellWTT Wanted To TradeWTTM Without Thinking Too MuchWTTF Want To Test FirstWWG Wieder Was GelerntWYS Whatever You SayYKWIS You Know What I’m SayingYMMV Your Mileage May VaryYTTT You Telling The Truth

O Beispiele LaTeXO.1 Textbeispiel% (Kommentar) Erste Hilfe zum Arbeiten mit LaTeX%% Das Prozentzeichen leitet Kommentar ein, gilt% bis Zeilenende. Um ein Prozentzeichen in den Text% einzugeben, muss man folglich einen Backslash% davor setzen. Dasselbe gilt fuer Dollar, Ampersand,% Doppelkreuz, Unterstrich und geschweifte% Klammern. Diese Zeichen kommen in Befehlen vor.%% Format: LaTeX

\NeedsTeXFormatLaTeX2e

% Die meisten Befehle beginnen mit einem Backslash.%% Es gibt die Klassen Buch, Bericht (Report), Artikel,% Brief, Folien und weitere. Bericht und Artikel% sind die wichtigsten.% Je nach Font und Schriftgroesse Zeilen auskommentieren!%% 12 Punkte, doppelseitig, Times Roman (wie Buch)% \documentclass[12pt,twoside,a4paper]article% \usepackagegerman% \unitlength1.0mm%% 12 Punkte, einseitig, New Century Schoolbook\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]article\usepackagegerman,newcent,verbatim\unitlength1.0mm

% Der Befehl \sloppy weist LaTeX an, mit den% Wortabstaenden nicht zu kleinlich zu sein.

90

O.1. TEXTBEISPIEL 91

\sloppy

% Trennhilfe (Liste von Ausnahmen)

\inputhyphen

% Satzspiegel vergroessern:

\topmargin-24mm\textwidth180mm\textheight240mm

% zusaetzlicher Seitenrand fuer beidseitigen Druck:

\oddsidemargin-10mm\evensidemargin-10mm

% Jetzt kommt der erste Text: Titel, Autor und Datum

\titleErste Hilfe beim Arbeiten mit LaTeX\authorW. Alex\date\today

% Hier beginnt das eigentliche Dokument

\begindocument

% Befehl zum Erzeugen des Titels

\maketitle

% Nun kommt der erste Abschnitt (section).% Die Ueberschrift steht in geschweiften Klammern.% Es gibt auch Unterabschnitte.

\sectionZweck

LATeX ist ein \em Satzsystem. Mit seiner Hilfelassen sich Texte zur Ausgabe auf Papier formatieren,

92 ANHANG O. BEISPIELE LATEX

vorzugsweise zur Ausgabe mittels eines Laserdruckers.Es gibt Hilfsprogramme zur Anfertigung von Zeichnungen.Ferner ist es m"oglich, beliebige Postscript-Abbildungeneinzubinden, also auch Fotos.

LaTeX ist eine Makro-Sammlung von \sc Leslie Lamport,die auf dem TeX-System von \sc Donald Knuth aufbaut.TeX und LaTex sind frei verf"ugbar, in Deutschland zumBeispiel bei der Universit"at Heidelberg (Dante e. V.).

\sectionAufbau des Textfiles

Schreiben Sie Ihr Textfile mit einem beliebigen Editor,beispielsweise mit dem \verb+vi+, \verb+emacs+ oder\verb+joe+. Ein Textfile hat folgenden Aufbau:

% Hier ein woertlich auszugebender Text

\beginverbatim% Kommentar (optional)\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]article\usepackagegerman,verbatim\begindocumentText\enddocument\endverbatim

Schreiben Sie den Text ohne Worttrennungen und ohneNumerierungen. Zeilenwechsel haben keine Bedeutungf"ur LaTeX, bevorzugen Sie kurze Zeilen. Abs"atzewerden durch Leerzeilen markiert.

Die deutschen Umlaute werden als G"ansef"u\3chen mitfolgendem Grundlaut geschrieben, das \3 als Backslashmit folgender Ziffer 3. Es gibt weitere M"oglichkeiten,auch f"ur die Sonderzeichen anderer Sprachen.

\sectionMathematische Formeln

Eine St"arke von LaTeX ist die Darstellung

O.1. TEXTBEISPIEL 93

mathematischer Formeln. Hier drei nicht ganzeinfache Beispiele:

\boldmath

\beginequationc = \sqrta^2 + b^2\endequation

\beginequation\oint \vec E\:d\vec s = - \frac \,\partial\partial t\int \vec B \:d\vec A\endequation

\beginequation\frac12 \pi j \int\limits_x-j\infty^x+j\inftye^ts \:f(s)\:ds =\left\\beginarrayr@\quad \mboxf"ur \quadl0 & t < 0\\F(t) & t > 0\endarray \right.\endequation

\unboldmath

\sectionSchriftgr"o\3en

Ausgehend von der Grundgr"o\3e lassen sich f"ureinzelne Zeilen oder Abschnitte die Schriftgr"o\3enverkleinern oder vergr"o\3ern:

\tiny Diese Schrift ist winzig (tiny).

\scriptsize Diese ist sehr klein (scriptsize).

\footnotesize F"ur Fu\3noten (footnotesize).

\small Diese Schrift ist klein (small).

\normalsize Diese Schrift ist normal.


\large Jetzt wirds gr"o\3er (large).

\Large Jetzt wirds noch gr"o\3er (Large).

\LARGE Noch gr"o\3er (LARGE).

\huge Riesige Schrift (huge).

\Huge Gigantisch (Huge). \\

\noindentFormeln lassen sich nicht vergr"o\3ern oderverkleinern. Zur"uck zur Normalgr"o\3e. Diesebetr"agt auf DIN A4 am besten 12 Punkte.10 oder 11 Punkte sind auch m"oglich, aber schonetwas unbequem zu lesen. Weiterhin kann man "uberdie Schriftart die Lesbarkeit beeinflussen.Standard ist die Times Roman, eine gut lesbare,platzsparende Schrift. Soll es etwas deutlichersein, so ist die New Century Schoolbook zuempfehlen, die rund 10 \% mehr Platz beansprucht.

\sectionArbeitsg"ange

Die Reihenfolge der einzelnen Schritte ist folgende:

% Aufzaehlungen sind kein Problem, wie man sieht.

\beginitemize\item mit einem Editor das File \verb+abc.tex+ schreiben,\item mit \verb+latex abc+ das File formatieren,\item mit \verb+latex abc+ Referenzen einsetzen,\item mit \verb+xdvi abc+ den formatierten Text anschauen,\item mit \verb+dvips -o abc.ps abc+ das Postscript-File

erzeugen,\item mit \verb+lp -dlp4 abc.ps+ das Postscript-File

zum Drucker schicken.\enditemizeLaTeX erzeugt dabei einige Zwischen- und Hilfsfiles.

O.2. GELATEXTE FORMELN 95

\sectionLiteratur

\beginenumerate\item L. Lamport, LaTeX: A Document Preparation System\\Addison-Wesley, 1986\item H. Kopka, LaTeX - Eine Einf"uhrung\\Addison-Wesley, 1988\item H. Partl, E. Schlegl, I. Hyna:

LaTeX-Kurz\-be\-schrei\-bung\\EDV-Zentrum der TU Wien

\endenumerate

% Nun kommt das Ende des Dokuments:

\enddocument

O.2 Gelatexte Formelnc =

√a2 + b2 (O.1)

3√

1 + x ≈ 1 +x

3für x 1 (O.2)

r =3

√3

4πV (O.3)

limx→0

sinx

x= 1 (O.4)

a =F0

k

1√(1− Ω2

ω20)2 + (Ωc

k )2(O.5)

mx+ cx+ kx =∑k

Fk cos Ωkt (O.6)

Θd2ϕ

dt2+ k∗

dϕ

dt+D∗ϕ = | ~D| (O.7)

Y ≈ f(x) +1

2

N − 1

Nf ′′(x) s2

x (O.8)


~FΓ = −ΓmM

r2 ~er = −ΓmM

r3 ~r (O.9)

Arbeit = lim∆ri→0

∑~Fi∆~ri

=

~r(t)∫~r0

~F (~r ) d~r (O.10)

∏j≥0

(∑k≥0

ajkzk

)=∑n≥0

zn

∑h0,k1...≥0

k0+k1+···=0

a0koa1k1

. . .

(O.11)

~x =

x− xsy − ysz − zs

(O.12)

Ψ =

(ab

cd

)e+ f

g − h

<z∣∣∣∣ ijkl∣∣∣∣ (O.13)1

dEω = Vh

π2c3ω3 · e−

hωT · dω (O.14)∮

~E d~s = − ∂

∂t

∫~B d ~A (O.15)

1

2πj

x+j∞∫x−j∞

ets f(s) ds =

0 für t < 0

F (t) für t > 0(O.16)

(n+ 1

k

)=

(n

k

)+

(n

k − 1

)(O.17)

1Fette Griechen gibt es nur als Großbuchstaben. Die Erzeu-gung dieser Fußnote war übrigens nicht einfach.

O.2. GELATEXTE FORMELN 97

∀x ∈ R : x2 ≥ 0 (O.18)

∀x, y, z ∈ M : (xRy ∧ xRz)⇒ y = z (O.19)

A ·B = A+ B (O.20)

ρ · vk ·∂vj∂xk

= − ∂p

∂xj+

∂

∂xk

(µ∂vj∂xk− ρ v′kv′j

)(O.21)

r′ =v′1v′2√

v′21

√v′22

(O.22)

τtur = ρl2 |∂v1

∂x2| ∂v1

∂x2(O.23)

R =1

Ψ(Vr − R) +RΦ2

Φ =[ 1

Ψ(Vϕ −RΦ)− 2RΦ

] 1

R(O.24)

Z =1

Ψ(VZ − Z)

χ2 =n(n− 1)

B(n−B)

k∑i=1

(Bi − Ei)2

ni> χ2

k−1;α (O.25)

V (r, ϑ, ϕ) =∞∑l=0

4π

2l + 1

l∑m=−l

ql,mYl,mϑ, ϕ)

rl+1 (O.26)


~q =

q0,0q1,1q1,0q1,−1q2,2q2,1q2,0q2,−1q2,−2

(O.27)

q′l′,m′ =∞∑o=0

o∑p=−o

no,p qo,p (∇)l′+o,m′−p;o,pYl′+o,m′−p(ϑa, ϕa)

al′+o+1 (O.28)

ql,m = −q′l,mR2l+1 l(εi − εa)l(εa + εi) + εa

(O.29)

~q′1,1 = ~q′1,0 + I2,1 ~q′2,0 (O.30)

~q′2,1 = ~q′2,0 + I1,2 ~q′1,0 (O.31)

∇±1

∞∑l=0

4π

2l + 1

l∑m=−l

ql,mYl,m(ϑ, ϕ)

rl+1

=∞∑l=0

4π

2l + 1

l∑m=−l

(∇±1)l,m ql,mYl+1,m±1(ϑ, ϕ)

rl+2 (O.32)

a+

123︷︸︸︷b+ · · ·+ y+z︸︷︷︸

αβγ

Lange Formeln muß man selbst in Zeilen auflösen:

w + x+ y + z =

a+ b+ c+ d+ e+ f + (O.33)g + h+ i+ j + k + l

O.3. FORMELN IM QUELLTEXT 99

N+1 =

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

(∇+)0,0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 (∇+)1,1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 (∇+)1,0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 (∇+)1,−1 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 (∇+)2,2 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 (∇+)2,1 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 (∇+)2,0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (∇+)2,−1 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (∇+)2,−20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Wie man an Gleichung (O.24) auf Seite 97 sieht, muß manerforderlichenfalls bei einem Gleichungssystem (eqnarray) mit-tels des Kommandos \nonumber dafür sorgen, daß es nur eineeinzige, gemeinsame Nummer erhält. Zugleich ist dies hier einBeispiel für einen Bezug auf eine Gleichung.

O.3 Formeln im Quelltext\beginequationc = \sqrta^2 + b^2\endequation

\beginequation\sqrt[3]1 + x \approx 1 + \fracx3\qquad \mboxf"ur \quad x \ll 1\endequation

\beginequationr = \root 3 \of \frac34\pi V


\endequation

\beginequation\lim_x \to 0 \frac\sin xx = 1\endequation

\beginequationa = \fracF_0k\:\frac1\sqrt(1 - \frac\Omega^2\omega_0^2)^2 + (\frac\Omega_ck)^2\endequation

\beginequationm\ddot x + c\dot x + kx = \sum_k F_k \cos \Omega_k t\endequation

\beginequation\Theta \fracd^2 \varphidt^2 + k^\ast \fracd \varphidt+ D^\ast \varphi = | \vec D |\endequation

\beginequation\barY \approx f(\bar x) + \frac12\, \fracN - 1N\,f’’(\barx)\,s_x^2\endequation

\beginequation\vecF_\Gamma = - \frac\Gamma m Mr^2 \vece_r =- \frac\Gamma m Mr^3 \vecr

\endequation

\begineqnarray\mboxArbeit & = & \lim_\Delta r_i \to 0 \sum\vec F_i \Delta \vec r_i\nonumber \\& = & \int\limits_\vec r_0^\vec r(t)\vec F(\vec r\,)\:d\vec r\endeqnarray

\beginequation\prod_j\ge0\left( \sum_k\ge0 a_jkz^k \right) =\sum_n \ge0 z^n \left(\sum_h_0,k_1\ldots\ge0


\atop k_0+k_1+\cdots=0a_0k_o a_1k_1\ldots \right)\endequation

\beginequation\vec x =\left( \beginarraycx - x_s \\y - y_s \\z - z_s \\\endarray \right)\endequation

\beginminipage120mm\begindisplaymath\bf\Psi = \left( \beginarraycc\displaystyleab \choose cd& \displaystyle \frace+fg-h \\\Re z & \displaystyle \left| ij \atop kl \right|\endarray \right)\enddisplaymath\endminipage\stepcounterequation\hspace*\fill (\theequation)\makebox[0pt][l]\footnotemark\footnotetextFette Griechen gibt es nur als Gro\3buchstaben.Die Erzeugung dieser Fu\3note war "ubrigens nicht einfach.\vspace1mm

\beginequationdE_\omega = V \frac\hbar\pi^2 c^3\omega^3 \cdote ^-\frac\hbar \omega T \cdot d\omega\endequation

\beginequation\oint \vec E\:d\vec s = - \frac \,\partial\partial t\int \vec B \:d\vec A\endequation

\beginequation\frac12 \pi j \int\limits_x-j\infty^x+j\infty


e^ts \:f(s)\:ds =\left\\beginarrayr@\quad \mboxf"ur \quadl0 & t < 0\\F(t) & t > 0\endarray \right.\endequation

\beginequationn+1 \choose k = n \choose k + n \choose k-1\endequation

\beginequation\mbox\fbox\parbox60mm\begindisplaymath\forall x \in \rm R: \qquad x^2 \geq 0\enddisplaymath\endequation\vspace1mm

\beginequation\forall x,y,z \in \rm M: \qquad (xRy \wedge xRz)\Rightarrow y = z\endequation

\beginequationA \cdot B = \overline\bar A + \bar B\endequation

\beginequation\rho \cdot \barv_k \cdot \frac\partial \barv_j\partialx_k = - \frac\partial \barp\partial x_j + \frac\partial\partial x_k\left( \mu \frac\partial \barv_j\partial x_k- \rho\:\overlinev’_k v’_j \right)\endequation

\beginequationr’ = \frac\overlinev’_1 v’_2\sqrt\barv’^2_1\: \sqrt\barv’^2_2\endequation


\beginequation\tau_tur = \rho l^2 \; | \frac\partial \barv_1\partial x_2 | \; \frac\partial \barv_1\partial x_2\endequation

\begineqnarray\labelformel\ddot R & = & \frac1\Psi ( V_r - \dot R)+ R \dot \Phi^2 \nonumber\\\ddot \Phi & = & \big\lbrack \frac1\Psi(V_\varphi - R \dot \Phi )- 2 \dot R \dot \Phi \big\rbrack \frac1R \\\ddot Z & = & \frac1\Psi(V_Z-\dot Z) \nonumber\\\nonumber\endeqnarray

\beginequation\hat\chi^2 = \fracn(n-1)B(n-B) \sum_i=1^k\frac(B_i - E_i)^2n_i > \chi_k-1;\alpha^2\endequation

\beginequationV(r,\vartheta,\varphi)=\sum\limits_l=0^\infty\frac4\pi2l+1\sum\limits_m=-l^l \, q_l,m \fracY_l,m\vartheta,\varphi)r^l+1\endequation

\begineqnarray\vecq= \left(\beginarraycq_0,0\\q_1,1\\q_1,0\\q_1,-1\\q_2,2\\q_2,1\\q_2,0\\q_2,-1\\q_2,-2\\\endarray \right)\endeqnarray

\beginequationq’_l’,m’=\sum\limits_o=0^\infty\sum\limits_p=-o^on_o,p \; q_o,p \; (\nabla)_l’+o,m’-p;o,p \,


\fracY_l’+o,m’-p(\vartheta_a,\varphi_a)a^l’+o+1\endequation

\beginequationq_l,m= -q’_l,m R^2l+1 \,\fracl(\epsilon_i-\epsilon_a)l(\epsilon_a+\epsilon_i)+\epsilon_a\endequation

\begineqnarray\vecq’_1,1=\vecq’_1,0+I_2,1 \; \vecq’_2,0\\[0.3cm]\vecq’_2,1=\vecq’_2,0+I_1,2 \; \vecq’_1,0\endeqnarray

\begineqnarray\lefteqn\nabla_\pm 1 \sum\limits_l=0^\infty\frac4\pi2l+1 \,\sum\limits_m=-l^l \: q_l,m \: \fracY_l,m(\vartheta,\varphi)r^l+1\nonumber \\[0.3cm]&&=\sum\limits_l=0^\infty\frac4\pi2l+1 \,\sum\limits_m=-l^l \: (\tilde\nabla_\pm 1)_l,m\, q_l,m \:\fracY_l+1,m \pm 1(\vartheta,\varphi)r^l+2\endeqnarray

\[ \underbracea + \overbraceb + \cdots + y^123+ z_\alpha\beta\gamma \]

Lange Formeln mu\3 man selbst in Zeilen aufl"osen:\begineqnarray\lefteqnw + x + y + z = \hspace1cm \nonumber\\

& & a + b + c + d + e + f + \\& & g + h + i + j + k + l \nonumber

\endeqnarray

\begineqnarray*N_+1=\left(\beginarray*8c@\;c0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\(\tilde\nabla_+)_0,0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\


0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\0 & (\tilde\nabla_+)_1,1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\0 & 0 & (\tilde\nabla_+)_1,0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\0 & 0 & 0 & (\tilde\nabla_+)_1,-1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & (\tilde\nabla_+)_2,2 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & (\tilde\nabla_+)_2,1 & 0 & 0 & 0\\0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & (\tilde\nabla_+)_2,0 & 0 & 0\\0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & (\tilde\nabla_+)_2,-1 & 0\\0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & (\tilde\nabla_+)_2,-2\\0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\\endarray\right)\endeqnarray*

\vspace8mmWie man an Gleichung (\refformel) auf Seite \pagerefformelsieht, mu\3 man erforderlichenfalls bei einem Gleichungssystem(\tt eqnarray) mittels des Kommandos \verb+\nonumber+ daf"ursorgen, da\3 es nur eine einzige, gemeinsame Nummer erh"alt.Zugleich ist dies hier ein Beispiel f"ur einen Bezug auf eineGleichung.

P Spezielle SprachenP.1 Hayes-Modem-KommandosDie Firma Hayes stellt Modems her und hat für diese einen Satzvon Kommandos geschaffen, der sich weltweit durchgesetzt hat.Die meisten Modems verstehen eine Übermenge des Standard-Befehlssatzes von Hayes. Da diese Kommandos (mit einer Aus-nahme) mit at (= attention please) beginnen, werden sie auchals at-Kommandos bezeichnet. Es dürfen Groß- oder Kleinbuch-staben verwendet werden, jedoch nicht gemischt.

ata Answer Commandatb0 Select CCITT Communication Standardatb1 Select USA/Canada Communication Standardatc Carrier Control Selectionatd Dial Commandate Command State Character Echo Selectionatf On-line State Character Echo Selectionath Hook Command Optionsati Internal Memory Testsatl Speaker Volume Level Selectionatm Speaker On/Off Selectionatn Negotiation of Handshake Optionsato On-line Commandatp Select Pulse Dialing Methodatq Result Code Display Optionsatsn=r Write to S-Register natsn? Read from S-Register natt Select Tone Dialing Methodatv Result Code Format Optionsatw Negotiation Progress Message Selectionatx Call Progress Optionsaty Long Space Disconnect Optionsatz Soft Resetat&b V.32 Auto Retrain Optionsat&c Data Carrier Detect Options

106

P.1. HAYES-MODEM-KOMMANDOS 107

at&d Data Terminal Ready Optionsat&f Recall Factory Profileat&g Guard Tone Selectionat&j Jack Type Selectionat&k Local Flow Control Optionsat&l Line Type Selectionat&o PAD Channel Selectionat&q Communications Mode Optionsat&r RTS/CTS Optionsat&s Data Set Ready Optionsat&t Test Optionsat&u Trellis Coding Optionsat&v View Configuration Profilesat&w Write Active Profile to Memoryat&x Synchronous Transmit Clock Sourceat&y Select Stored Profile for Hard Resetat&z Store Telephone Number

Mehrere Kommandos dürfen zu einer Zeile vereinigt werden, wo-bei der at-Vorspann nur einmal zu Beginn erforderlich ist. MitRETURN wird das Kommando beendet und die Ausführung ver-anlaßt. Um im transparenten Modus (das heißt während desÜbertragens) in den Befehlsmodus zu schalten, ohne die Ver-bindung abzubrechen, ist das Kommando +++ gefolgt von einerPause von mindestens 1 sec zu geben. Eine für Deutschland ver-wendbare Startsequenz lautet:

ATZAT S7=45 S0=0 V1 X3ATDP 0721,38340

Die erste Zeile sorgt für ein Reset, dann wird das Register S7auf 45 Sekunden gesetzt. Falls das Modem innerhalb dieser Zeitnach dem Wählvorgang keine Antwort bekommt, legt es wie-der auf. Der Wert 0 im Register S0 bewirkt, daß das Modemankommende Anrufe nicht beantwortet, also nur für abgehen-de Verbindungen eingerichtet ist. Das Kommando V1 teilt demModem mit, Statusmeldungen (result codes) in Wortform, nichtals Zahlen auszugeben. X3 schließlich legt ein bestimmtes Ant-wortverhalten des Modems fest. Die letzte Zeile veranlaßt die

108 ANHANG P. SPEZIELLE SPRACHEN

Wahl der Nummer 0721-Pause-60451 im hierzulande gebräuch-lichen Pulswählverfahren. Geht alles gut, pfeift ein Modem desRechenzentrums der Universität Karlsruhe zurück.

Q ISO 3166 LändercodesBei den Namen von Computern im Internet ist es außer-halb der USA üblich, als letzten Teil den Ländercode nachISO 3166 anzugeben. Dies ist nicht zwingend, es gibt Bezeich-nungen, die eine Organisation angeben und daher nicht von ISO3166 erfaßt werden. Die vollständige Tabelle findet sich unterftp://ftp.ripe.net/iso3166-countrycodes.

Land A 2 A 3 NummerALBANIA AL ALB 008ALGERIA DZ DZA 012ANDORRA AD AND 020ARGENTINA AR ARG 032AUSTRALIA AU AUS 036AUSTRIA AT AUT 040BAVARIA, FREE STATE OF FB FBA 999BAHAMAS BS BHS 044BELARUS BY BLR 112BELGIUM BE BEL 056BOLIVIA BO BOL 068BOSNIA AND HERZEGOWINA BA BIH 070BRAZIL BR BRA 076BULGARIA BG BGR 100CANADA CA CAN 124CHILE CL CHL 152CHINA CN CHN 156CHRISTMAS ISLAND CX CXR 162COCOS ISLANDS CC CCK 166COLOMBIA CO COL 170CROATIA HR HRV 191CYPRUS CY CYP 196CZECH REPUBLIC CZ CZE 203DENMARK DK DNK 208ECUADOR EC ECU 218EGYPT EG EGY 818

109

110 ANHANG Q. ISO 3166 LÄNDERCODES

ESTONIA EE EST 233FAROE ISLANDS FO FRO 234FINLAND FI FIN 246FRANCE FR FRA 250GEORGIA GE GEO 268GERMANY DE DEU 276GIBRALTAR GI GIB 292GREECE GR GRC 300GREENLAND GL GRL 304HONG KONG HK HKG 344HUNGARY HU HUN 348ICELAND IS ISL 352INDIA IN IND 356INDONESIA ID IDN 360IRELAND IE IRL 372ISRAEL IL ISR 376ITALY IT ITA 380JAPAN JP JPN 392KOREA, REPUBLIC OF KR KOR 410LATVIA LV LVA 428LEBANON LB LBN 422LIECHTENSTEIN LI LIE 438LITHUANIA LT LTU 440LUXEMBOURG LU LUX 442MACEDONIA, REPUBLIC OF MK MKD 807MALAYSIA MY MYS 458MALTA MT MLT 470MEXICO MX MEX 484MONACO MC MCO 492MOROCCO MA MAR 504NETHERLANDS NL NLD 528NEW ZEALAND NZ NZL 554NIUE NU NIU 570NORWAY NO NOR 578PAKISTAN PK PAK 586PERU PE PER 604POLAND PL POL 616PORTUGAL PT PRT 620QATAR QA QAT 634ROMANIA RO ROM 642

111

RUSSIAN FEDERATION RU RUS 643SAN MARINO SM SMR 674SAUDI ARABIA SA SAU 682SINGAPORE SG SGP 702SLOVAKIA SK SVK 703SLOVENIA SI SVN 705SOUTH AFRICA ZA ZAF 710SPAIN ES ESP 724SRI LANKA LK LKA 144SWEDEN SE SWE 752SWITZERLAND CH CHE 756TAIWAN TW TWN 158TONGA TO TON 776TRINIDAD + TOBAGO TT TTO 780TUNISIA TN TUN 788TURKEY TR TUR 792UKRAINE UA UKR 804UNITED KINGDOM GB GBR 826UNITED STATES US USA 840URUGUAY UY URY 858VATICAN VA VAT 336VENEZUELA VE VEN 862YUGOSLAVIA YU YUG 891

R Requests For Comment(RFCs)Das Internet wird nicht durch Normen, sondern durch RFCs (Re-quest For Comments) beschrieben, gegenwärtig etwa 4000 ander Zahl (Okt. 2004). Wird ein RFC durch einen neueren abge-löst, bekommt dieser auch eine neue, höhere Nummer. Es gibt al-so keine Versionen oder Ausgaben wie bei den DIN-Normen. DieBCPs und FYIs behalten ihre Nummer, auch wenn dahinter einneuer RFC steht. Sucht man eine Information, besorgt man sicheinen aktuellen Index der RFCs und startet in den Titeln, beider höchsten Nummer beginnend, eine Stichwortsuche. EinigeRFCs sind zugleich FYIs (For Your Information) mit eigener Zäh-lung. Diese enthalten einführende Informationen. Andere RFCshaben den Rang von offiziellen Internet-Protokoll-Standards mitzusätzlicher, eigener Numerierung, siehe RFC 2900 Internet Of-ficial Protocol Standards vom August 2001, wobei ein Standardmehrere RFCs umfassen kann. Schließlich sind einige RFCs zu-gleich BCPs (Best Current Practice), siehe RFC 1818, oder RTRs(RARE Technical Report). Eine vollständige Sammlung findetsich auf ftp.nic.de/pub/rfc/. Die Dateien mit den Übersich-ten sind:

• Request For Comments: rfc-index.txt, 600 kbyte,• For Your Information: fyi-index.txt, 10 kbyte,• Internet Standard: std-index.txt, 10 kbyte,• Best Current Practice: bcp-index.txt, 20 kbyte.

Ähnlich auch bei www.rfc-editor.org/. Zusammenfassungen(Abstracts) der Entwürfe (Internet Drafts) zu kommenden RF-Cs finden sich bei www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt.Genießen Sie RFCs, die an einem ersten April erschienen sind,mit Vorsicht. Hier folgt eine Auswahl von RFCs, nach der Num-mer sortiert.

112

R.1. AUSGEWÄHLTE RFCS, OHNE FYIS 113

R.1 Ausgewählte RFCs, ohne FYIs0001 Host Software (1969)0681 Network Unix (1975)0783 The TFTP Protocol (1981)0814 Name, Addresses, Ports, and Routes (1982)0821 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (1982)0894 A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams over Ethernet

Networks (1984)0902 ARPA-Internet Protocol policy (1984)0959 File Transfer Protocol (1985)1000 The Request For Comments Reference Guide (1987)1034 Domain names – concepts and facilities (1987)1036 Standard for Interchange of USENET Messages (1987)1087 Ethics and the Internet (1989)1094 NFS: Network File System Protocol Specification (1989)1118 Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Internet (1989)1122 Requirements for Internet Hosts – Communication Layers (1989)1123 Requirements for Internet Hosts – Application and Support (1989)1173 Responsibilities of Host and Network Managers (1991)1180 TCP/IP Tutorial (1991)1208 Glossary of Networking Terms (1991)1211 Problems with the Maintenance of Large Mailing Lists (1991)1281 Guidelines for the secure operations of the Internet (1991)1295 User bill of rights for entries and listing in the public directory (1992)1296 Internet Growth (1981 – 1991) (1992)1310 Internet standards process (1992)1327 Mapping between X.400(1988)/ISO 10021 and RFC 822 (1992)1331 Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) (1992)1336 Who’s who in the Internet (1992)1340 Assigned Numbers (1992)1345 Character Mnemonics and Character Sets (1992)1361 Simple Network Time Protocol (1992)1378 PPP AppleTalk Control Protocol (1992)1432 Recent Internet books (1993)1436 Internet Gopher Protocol (1993)1441 SMTP Introduction to version 2 of the Internet-standard

Network Management Framework (1993)1459 Internet Relay Chat Protocol (1993)1460 Post Office Protocol - Version 3 (1993)

114 ANHANG R. REQUESTS FOR COMMENT (RFCS)

1466 Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space (1993)1475 TP/IX: The Next Internet (1993)1501 OS/2 User Group (1993)1506 A Tutorial on Gatewaying between X.400 and Internet Mail (1993)1510 The Kerberos Network Authentication Service (1993)1511 Common Authentication Technology Overview (1993)1591 Domain Name System Structure and Delegation (1994)1601 Charter of the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) (1994)1602 The Internet Standards Process (1994)1603 IETF Working Group Guidelines and Procedures (1994)1607 A VIEW FROM THE 21ST CENTURY (1994)1610 Internet Official Protocol Standards (1994)1618 PPP over ISDN (1994)1661 The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) (1994)1684 Introduction to White Pages Services based on X.500 (1994)1690 Introducing the Internet Engineering and Planning Group

(IEPG) (1994)1700 ASSIGNED NUMBERS (1994)1704 On Internet Authentication (1994)1738 Uniform Resource Locators (URL) (1994)1750 Randomness Recommendations for Security (1994)1752 The Recommendation for the IP Next Generation Protocol (1995)1775 To Be On the Internet (1995)1789 INETPhone: Telephone Services and Servers on Internet (1995)1808 Relative Uniform Resource Locators (1995)1818 Best Current Practices (1995)1825 Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol (1995)1835 Architecture of the WHOIS++ service (1995)1847 Security Multiparts for MIME: Multipart/Signed and

Multipart/Encrypted (1995)1871 Addendum to RFC 1602 – Variance Procedure (1995)1881 IPv6 Address Allocation Management (1995)1882 The 12-Days of Technology Before Christmas (1995)1883 Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6), Specification (1995)1898 CyberCash Credit Card Protocol Version 0.8. (1996)1912 Common DNS Operational and Configuration Errors (1996)1913 Architecture of the Whois++ Index Service (1996)1918 Address Allocation for Private Internets (1996)1924 A Compact Representation of IPv6 Addresses (1996)1925 The Twelve Networking Truths (1996)


1928 SOCKS Protocol Version 5. (1996)1935 What is the Internet, Anyway? (1996)1938 A One-Time Password System (1996)1939 Post Office Protocol - Version 3. (1996)1945 Hypertext Transfer Protocol – HTTP/1.0. (1996)1952 GZIP file format specification version 4.3. (1996)1955 New Scheme for Internet Routing and Addressing (ENCAPS)

for IPNG (1996)1957 Some Observations on Implementations of the Post Office Protocol

(POP3) (1996)1958 Architectural Principles of the Internet (1996)1963 PPP Serial Data Transport Protocol (SDTP) (1996)1968 The PPP Encryption Control Protocol (ECP) (1996)1972 A Method for the Transmission of IPv6 Packets over Ethernet

Networks (1996)1984 IAB and IESG Statement on Cryptographic Technology and the

Internet (1996)1991 PGP Message Exchange Formats (1996)2014 IRTF Research Group Guidelines and Procedures (1996)2015 MIME Security with Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) (1996)2026 The Internet Standards Process – Revision 3. (1996)2030 Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) Version 4 for IPv4, IPv6 and

OSI (1996)2045 Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of

Internet Message Bodies (1996)2046 Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media

Types (1996)2047 MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) Part Three: Message

Header Extensions for Non-ASCII Text (1996)2048 Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) Part Four:

Registration Procedures (1996)2049 Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Five:

Conformance Criteria and Examples (1996)2068 Hypertext Transfer Protocol – HTTP/1.1. (1997)2070 Internationalization of the Hypertext Markup Language (1997)2083 PNG (Portable Network Graphics) Specification (1997)2084 Considerations for Web Transaction Security (1997)2100 The Naming of Hosts (1997)2109 HTTP State Management Mechanism (1997)2110 MIME E-mail Encapsulation of Aggregate Documents, such as HTML


(MHTML) (1997)2111 Content-ID and Message-ID Uniform Resource Locators (1997)2112 The MIME Multipart/Related Content-type (1997)2133 Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6 (1997)2134 Articles of Incorporation of Internet Society (1997)2135 Internet Society By-Laws (1997)2145 Use and Interpretation of HTTP Version Numbers (1997)2146 U.S. Government Internet Domain Names (1997)2147 TCP and UDP over IPv6 Jumbograms (1997)2153 PPP Vendor Extensions (1997)2167 Referral Whois (RWhois) Protocol V1.5. (1997)2168 Resolution of Uniform Resource Identifiers using the Domain Name

System (1997)2180 IMAP4 Multi-Accessed Mailbox Practice (1997)2182 Selection and Operation of Secondary DNS Servers (1997)2185 Routing Aspects of IPv6 Transition (1997)2186 Internet Cache Protocol (ICP), version 2 (1997)2187 Application of Internet Cache Protocol (ICP) (1997)2192 IMAP URL Scheme (1997)2202 Test Cases for HMAC-MD5 and HMAC-SHA-1 (1997)2212 Specification of Guaranteed Quality of Service (1997)2222 Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL) (1997)2223 Instructions to RFC Authors (1997)2228 FTP Security Extensions (1997)2231 MIME Parameter Value and Encoded Word Extensions:

Character Sets, Languages, and Continuations (1997)2237 Japanese Character Encoding for Internet Messages (1997)2245 Anonymous SASL Mechanism (1997)2323 IETF Identification and Security Guidelines (1998)2418 IETF Working Group Guidelines and Procedures (1998)2437 RSA Cryptography Specification Version 2.0 (1998)2440 OpenPGP Message Format (1998)2444 The One-Time-Password SASL Mechanism (1998)2464 Transmission of IPv6 Packets over Ethernet Networks (1998)2468 I Remember IANA (1998)2482 Language Tagging in Unicode Plain Text (1999)2499 Request for Comments Summary (1999)2500 INTERNET OFFICIAL PROTOCOL STANDARDS (1999)2505 Anti-Spam Recommendations for SMTP MTAs (1999)2518 HTTP Extensions for Distributed Authoring (1999)


2542 Terminology and Goals for Internet Fax (1999)2555 30 Years of RFCs (1999)2577 FTP Security Considerations (1999)2588 IP Multicast and Firewalls (1999)2611 URN Namespace Definition Mechanisms (1999)2616 Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP/1.1 (1999)2626 The Internet and the Millenium Problem (1999)2628 Simple Cryptographic Program Interface (1999)2637 Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (1999)2639 Internet Printing Protocol/Implementer’s Guide (1999)2640 Internationalizationof the File Transfer Protocol (1999)2646 The Text/Plain Parameter (1999)2647 Benchmarking Terminology for Firewall Performance (1999)2651 The Architecture of the Common Indexing Protocol (1999)2659 Security Extensions For HTML (1999)2663 IP Network Address Translator (NAT) Terminology and Considerations

(1999)2675 IPv6 Jumbograms (1999)2683 IMAP4 Implementation Recommendations (1999)2685 Virtual Private Networks Identifier (1999)2691 A Memorandum of Understanding for an ICANN Protocol Support

Organization (1999)2718 Guidelines for new URL Schemes (1999)2756 Hyper Text Caching Protocol (2000)2761 Terminology for ATM Benchmarking (2000)2766 Network Address Translation – Protocol Translation (2000)2773 Encryption using KEA and SKIPJACK (2000)2775 Internet Transparency (2000)2822 Internet Message Format (2001)2828 Internet Security Glossary (2000)2839 Internet Kermit Service (2000)2860 Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Technical Work

of the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (2000)2874 DNS Extensions to Support IPv6 Address Aggregation and

Renumbering (2000)2875 Diffie-Hellman Proof-of-Possession Algorithms (2000)2888 Secure Remote Access with L2TP (2000)2901 Guide to Administrative Procedures of the Internet

Infrastructure (2000)2910 Internet Printing Protocol/1.1 (2000)


2913 MIME Content Types in Media Feature Expressions (2000)2924 Accounting Attributes and Record Formats (2000)2929 Domain Name System (DNS) IANA Considerations (2000)2938 Identifying Composite Media Features (2000)2960 Stream Control Transmission Protocol (2000)2965 HTTP State Management Mechanism (2000)2969 Wide Area Directory Deployment (2000)2977 Mobile IP Authentication, Authorization and Accounting

Reqirements (2000)2979 Behavior of and Requirements for Internet Firewalls (2000)2990 Next Steps for the IP QoS Architecture (2000)3001 A URN Namespace of Object Identifiers (2000)3002 Overview of 2000 IAB Wireless Internetworking Workshop (2000)3003 The audio/mpeg Media Type (2000)3010 NFS Version 4 Protocol (2000)3013 Recommended Internet Service Provider Security Services

and Procedures (2000)3028 Sieve: A Mail Filtering Language (2001)3031 Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture (2001)3036 LDP Specification (2001)3076 Canonical XML Version 1.0 (2001)3072 Structured Data Exchange Format (SDXF) (2001)3093 Firewall Enhancement Protocol (FEP) (2001)3106 ECML v1.1: Field Specifications for E-Commerce (2001)3125 Electronic Signature Policies (2001)3143 Known HTTP Proxy/Caching Problems (2001)3377 LDAP (v3) Technical Specification (2002)3383 IANA Considerations for the LDAP (2002)

R.2 1.-April-RFCsOhne Gewähr dafür, ob sie ernst gemeint sind oder nicht.

0112 User/Server Site Protocol: Network host questionaire responses (1971)0499 Harvard’s Network RJE (1973)0748 Telnet randomly-lose option (1978)0777 Internet Control Message Protocol (1981)0779 Telnet send-location option (1981)0852 ARPANET short blocking feature (1983)0893 Trailer encapsulations (1984)

R.2. 1.-APRIL-RFCS 119

0894 Standard for the transmission of IP datagrams over Ethernet networks(1984)

0895 Standard for the transmission of IP datagrams over experimentalEthernet networks (1984)

1147 FYI on a Network Management Tool Catalog0898 Gateway special interest group meeting notes (1984)0904 Exterior Gateway Protocol formal specification (1984)0905 ISO Transport Protocol specification ISO DP 8073 (1984)0940 Toward an Internet standard scheme for subnetting (1985)0941 Addendum to the network service definition covering network

layer addressing (1985)0943 Assigned numbers (1985)0944 Official ARPA-Internet protocols (1985)0982 Guidelines for the specification of the structure of the

Domain Specific Part (DSP) of the ISO standardNSAP adress (1986)

0983 ISO transport arrives on top of the TCP (1986)0995 End System to Intermediate System Routing Exchange Protocol

for use in conjunction with ISO 8473 (1986)0999 Requests For Comments summary notes: 900 - 999 (1987)1004 Distributed=protocol authentication scheme (1987)1050 RPC: Remote Procedure Call Protocol specification (1988)1052 IAB recommendations for the development of Internet

network management standards (1988)1053 Telnet X.3 PAD option (1988)1095 Common Management Information Services and Protocol

over TCP/IP (1989)1097 Telnet subliminal-message option (1989)1100 IAB official protocol standards (1989)1101 DNS encoding of network names and other types (1989)1147 FYI on a Network Management Tool Catalog: Tools for

Monitoring and Debugging TCP/IP Internets andInterconnected Devices (1990)

1149 Standard for the transmission of IP datagrams on avian carriers (1990)1151 Version 2 of the Reliable Data Protocol (RDP) (1990)1152 Workshop report: Internet research steering group workshop

on very-high-speed networks (1990)1153 Digest message format (1990)1154 Encoding header field for internet messages (1990)1200 IAB official protocol standards (1991)


1214 OSI internet management: Management Information Base (1991)1216 Gigabit network economics and paradigm shifts (1991)1217 Memo from the Consortium for Slow Commotion Research (1991)1218 Naming scheme for c=US (1991)1219 On the assignment of subnet numbers (1991)1220 Point-to-Point Protocol extensions for bridging (1991)1221 Host access protocol (HAP) specification: Version 2 (1991)1313 Today’s Programming for KRFC AM 1313 Internet Talk Radio (1992)1437 The Extension of MIME Content-Types to a New Medium (1993)1438 IETF Statements of Boredom (SOBs) (1993)1605 SONET to Sonnet Translation (1994)1606 A Historical Perspective On The Usage Of IP Version 9 (1994)1607 A View from the 21st Century (1994)1776 The Address is the Message (1995)1924 A Compact Representaion of IPv6 Adresses (1996)1925 The Twelve Networking Truths (1996)1926 An Experimental Encapsulation of IP Datagrams on Top of ATM (1996)1927 Suggested Additional MIME Types for Associating Documents (1996)2100 The Naming of Hosts (1997)2321 RITA – The Reliable Internetwork Troubleshooting Agent (1998)2322 Management of IP numbers by peg-dhcp (1998)2323 IETF Identification and Security Guidelines (1998)2324 Hypertext Coffee Pot Control Protocol HTCPCP/1.0 (1998)2325 Definitons of Managed Objects for Drip-Type Heated Beverage

Hardware Devices Using SMIv2 (1998)2549 IP Over Avian Carriers with Quality of Service (1999)2550 Y10K and Beyond (1999)2551 The Roman Standards Process – Revision III (1999)2795 The Infinite Monkey Protocol Suite (2000)3091 Pi Digit Generation Protocol (2001)3092 Etymology of Foo (2001)3093 Firewall Enhancement Protocol (FEP) (2001)3251 Electricity over IP (2002)3252 Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport (2002)

R.3 Alle FYIs0001 FYI on FYI: Introduction to the FYI notes (1990) (RFC1150)0002 FYI on a Network Management Tool Catalog: Tools for monitoring

R.3. ALLE FYIS 121

and debugging TCP/IP internets and interconnecteddevices (1993) (RFC1470)

0003 FYI on Where to Start: A bibliography of internetworkinginformation (1991) (RFC1175)

0004 FYI on Questions and Answers - Answers to Commonly asked NewInternet User Questions (1999) (RFC2664)

0005 Choosing a name for your computer (1991) (RFC1178)0006 FYI on the X Window System (1991) (RFC1198)0007 FYI on Questions and Answers: Answers to commonly asked

experienced Internet user questions (1991) (RFC1207)0008 Site Security Handbook (1997) (RFC2196)0009 Who’s Who in the Internet: Biographies of IAB, IESG and

IRSG Members (1992) (RFC1336)0010 There is Gold in them thar Networks! or Searching for Treasure

in all the Wrong Places (1993) (RFC1402)0011 X.500 Implementations Catalog-96 (1997) (RFC2116)0012 Building a Network Information Services Infrastructure

(1992) (RFC1302)0013 Executive Introduction to Directory Services Using the

X.500 Protocol (1992) (RFC1308)0014 Technical Overview of Directory Services Using the

X.500 Protocol (1992) (RFC1309)0015 Privacy and Accuracy Issues in Network Information Center

Databases (1992) (RFC1355)0016 Connecting to the Internet – What Connecting Institutions

Should Anticipate (1992) (RFC1359)0017 The Tao of IETF - A Guide for New Attendees of the Internet

Engineering Task Force (2001) (RFC3160)0018 Internet Users’ Glossary (1996) (RFC1983)0019 FYI on Introducing the Internet – A Short Bibliography of

Introductory Internetworking Readings (1993) (RFC1463)0020 FYI on What is the Internet (1993) (RFC1462)0021 A Survey of Advanced Usages of X.500 (1993) (RFC1491)0022 Frequently Asked Questions for Schools (1996) (RFC1941)0023 Guide to Network Resource Tool (1994) (RFC1580)0024 How to Use Anonymous FTP (1994) (RFC1635)0025 A Status Report on Networked Information Retrieval:

Tools and Groups (1994) (RFC1689)0026 K-12 Internetworking Guidelines (1994) (RFC1709)0027 Tools for DNS debugging (1994) (RFC1713)


0028 Netiquette Guidelines (1995) (RFC1855)0029 Catalogue of Network Training Materials (1996) (RFC2007)0030 A Primer On Internet and TCP/IP Tools and Utilities (1997) (RFC2151)0031 Humanities and Arts: Sharing Center Stage on the Internet

(1997) (RFC2150)0032 Hobbes’ Internet Timeline (1997) (RFC2235)0033 Some Testing Tools for TCP Implementors (1998) (RFC2398)0034 Users’ Security Handbook (1999) (RFC2504)0035 DON’T SPEW. A Set of Guidelines for Mass Unsolicited Mailings and

Postings (spam*) (1999) (RFC2635)0036 Internet Security Glossary (2000) (RFC2828)0037 Guide to Administrative Procedures of the Internet Infrastructure

(2000) (RFC2901)0038 How to Advertise Responsibly Using E-Mail and Newsgroups (2001) (RFC3098)

R.4 Alle BCPs0001 Best Current Practices (1995) (RFC1818)0002 Addendum to RFC 1602 – Variance Procedure (1995) (RFC1871)0003 Variance for The PPP Connection Control Protocol and The PPP

Encryption Control Protocol (1996) (RFC1915)0004 An Appeal to the Internet Community to Return Unused

IP Networks (Prefixes) to the IANA (1996) (RFC1917)0005 Address Allocation for Private Internets (1996) (RFC1918)0006 Guidelines for creation, selection, and registration of an

Autonomous System (AS) (1996) (RFC1930)0007 Implications of Various Address Allocation Policies for

Internet Routing (1996) (RFC2008)0008 IRTF Research Group Guidelines and Procedures (1996) (RFC2014)0009 The Internet Standards Process – Revision 3 (1996) (RFC2026)0010 IAB and IESG Selection, Confirmation, and Recall Process:

Operation of the Nominating and Recall Committees(2000) (RFC2727)

0011 The Organizations Involved in the IETF Standards Process(1996) (RFC2028)

0012 Internet Registry IP Allocation Guidelines (1996) (RFC2050)0013 Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) Part Four:

Registration Procedures (1996) (RFC2048)0014 Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels

R.4. ALLE BCPS 123

(1997) (RFC2119)0015 Deployment of the Internet White Pages Service (1997) (RFC2148)0016 Selection and Operation of Secondary DNS Servers (1997) (RFC2182)0017 Use of DNS Aliases for Network Services (1997) (RFC2219)0018 IETF Policy on Character Sets and Languages (1998) (RFC2277)0019 IANA Charset Registration Procedures (2000) (RFC2978)0020 Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA delegation (1998) (RFC2317)0021 Expectations for Computer Security Incident Response (1998)

(RFC2350)0022 Guide for Internet Standards Writers (1998) (RFC2360)0023 Administratively Scoped IP Multicast (1998) (RFC2365)0024 RSVP over ATM Implementation Guidelines (1998) (RFC2379)0025 IETF Working Group Guidelines and Procedures (1998) (RFC2418)0026 Guidelines for Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs

(1998) (RFC2434)0027 Advancement of MIB specifications on the IETF Standards Track

(1998) (RFC2438)0028 Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels using Standard Mechanisms

(1999) (RFC2488)0029 Procedure for Defining New DHCP Options (1999) (RFC2489)0030 Anti-Spam Recommendations for SMTP MTAs (1999) (RFC2505)0031 Media Feature Tag Registration Procedure (1999) (RFC2506)0032 Reserved Top Level DNS Names (1999) (RFC2606)0033 URN Namespace Definition Mechanisms (1999) (RFC2611)0034 Changing the Default for Directed Broadcasts in Routers

(1999) (RFC2644)0035 Registration Procedures for URL Scheme Names (1999) (RFC2717)0036 Guidelines for Writers of RTP Payload Format Specifications

(1999) (RFC2736)0037 IANA Allocation Guidelines For Values In the Internet Protocol

and Related Headers (2000) (RFC2780)0038 Network Ingress Filtering: Defeating Denial of Service Attacks

which employ IP Source Address Spoofing (2000) (RFC2827)0039 Charter of the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) (2000) (RFC2850)0040 Root Name Server Operational Requirements (2000) (RFC2870)0041 Congestion Control Principles (2000) (RFC2914)0042 Domain Name System (DNS) IANA Considerations (2000) (RFC2929)0043 Procedures and IANA Guidelines for Definition of New DHCP Options

and Message Types (2000) (RFC2939)0044 Use of HTTP State Management (2000) (RFC2964)


0045 IETF Discussion List Charter (2000) (RFC3005)0046 Recommended Internet Service Provider Security Services

and Procedures (2000) (RFC3013)0047 Tags for the Identification of Languages (2001) (RFC3066)0048 End-to-end Performance Implications of Slow Links (2001) (RFC3150)0049 Delegation of IP6.ARPA (2001) (RFC3152)0050 End-to-end Performance Implications of Links with Errors

(2001) (RFC3155)0051 IANA Guidelines for IPv4 Multicast Address Assignments (2001)

(RFC3171)0052 Management Guidelines & Operational Requirements for the Address

and Routing Parameter Area Domain (arpa) (2001) (RFC3172)0053 GLOP Addressing in 233/8 (2001) (RFC3180)0054 IETF Guidelines for Conduct () (RFC3184)0055 Guidelines for Evidence Collection and Archiving () (RFC3227)0056 On the use of HTTP as a Substrate () (RFC3205)0057 IANA Considerations for IPv4 Internet Group Management

Protocol (IGMP) () (RFC3228)0058 Defining the IETF () (RFC3233)0059 A Transient Prefix for Identifying Profiles under

Development () (RFC3349)0060 Inappropriate TCP Resets Considered Harmful () (RFC3360)0061 Strong Security Requirements for Internet Engineering

Task Force Standard Protocols () (RFC3365)0062 Advice to link designers on link Automatic Repeat reQuest

(ARQ) () (RFC3366)0063 Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) for Telephones (SIP-T):

Context and Architectures () (RFC3372)0064 Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) Considerations

for the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol(LDAP) () (RFC3383)

0065 Dynamic Delegation Discovery System (DDS) Part Five:URLARPA Assignment Procedures (2002) (RFC3405)

0066 Uniform Resource Names (URN) Namespace DefinitionMechanisms (2002) (RFC3406)

0067 Change Process for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)(2002) (RFC3427)

0068 Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) IANA Considerations Update(2002) (RFC3438)

0069 TCP Performance Implications of Network Path Asymmetrie

R.4. ALLE BCPS 125

(2002) (RFC3449)0070 Guidelines for the Use of XML within IETF Protocols

(2003) (RFC3470)0071 TCP over Second (2.5G) and Third (3G) Generation Wireless

Networks (2003) (RFC3481)0072 Guidelines for Writing RFC Text on Security Considerations

(2003) (RFC3552)0073 An IETF URN Sub-namespace for Registered Protocol Parameters

(2003) (RFC3553)0074 Coexistence between Version 1, Version 2, and Version 3 of the

Internet-standard Network Management Framework(2003) (RFC3584)

0075 Session Inititation Protocol (SIP). Basic Call Flow Examples(2003) (RFC3665)

0076 Session Inittiation Protocol (SIP). Public Switched TelephoneNetwork (PSTN) Call Flows. (2003) (RFC3666)

0077 IETF ISOC Boardof Trustee Appointment Procedures(2003) (RFC3677)

0078 IETF Rights in Contributions (2004) (RFC3667)0079 Intellectual Property Rights in IETF Technology

(2004) (RFC3668)0080 Delegation of E.F.F.3.IP6.ARPA. (2004) (RFC3681)0081 The IETF XML Registry. (2004) (RFC3688)0082 Assigning Experimental and Testing Numbers Considered Useful

(2004) (RFC3692)0083 A Practice for Revoking Posting Rights to IETF Mailing Lists

(2004) (RFC3683)0084 Ingress Filtering for Multihomed Networks

(2004) (RFC3704) 0085Best Current Practices for Third Party Call Control (3pcc)in the Session Inititation Protocol (SIP)(2004) (RFC3725)

0086 Determining Strength for Public Keys Used for ExchangingSymmetric Keys. (2004) (RFC3766)

0087 Use of Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) Metric as a secondMPLS Traffic Engineering (TE) Metric(2004) (RFC3785)

0088 IANA Considerations for the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)(2004) (RFC3818)

0089 Advice for Internet Subnetwork Designers(2004) (RFC3819)

S Internet-ProtokolleEin Protokoll ist ein Satz von Regeln zur Verständigung zwi-schen zwei Computern oder Peripheriegeräten. Hier die wich-tigsten im Internet verwendeten Protokolle:

3DESE PPP Triple-DES Encryption Protocol (RFC 2420)ACAP Application Configuration Access Protocol (RFC 2244)AgentX Agent Extensibility Protocol (RFC 2257)ARP Address Resolution Protocol (RFC 826)ATMP Ascend Tunnel Management Protocol )RFC 2107)BAP PPP Bandwidth Allocation Protocol (RFC 2125)BACP PPP Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol (RFC 2125)BGP Border Gateway Protocol (RFC 1771)BOOTP Bootstrap Protocol (RFC 951, 1542)CCP PPP Compression Control Protocol (RFC 1962)CHAP PPP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (RFC 1994)CMOT Common Management Information Protocol over TCP (RFC 1095)DCAP Data Link Switching Client Access Protocol (RFC 2114)DESE-bisPPP DES Encryption Protocol (RFC 2419)DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (RFC 2131)DLSw Data Link Switching Protocol (RFC 1795)DSP A Dictionary Server Protocol (RFC 2229)EAP PPP Extensible Authenication Protocol (RFC 2284)EARP Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol (RFC 826)Echo Echo Protocol (RFC 862)ECP PPP Encryption Control Protocol (RFC 1968)EGP Exterior Gateway Protocol (RFC 827, 904)ESRO Efficient Short Remote Operations Protocol (RFC 2188)FANP Flow Attribute Notification Protocol (RFC 2129)Finger Finger User Information Protocol (RFC 1288)FOOBARFTP Operation Over Big Address Records Protocol (RFC 1639)FTP File Transfer Protocol (RFC 959, 2228)GKMP Group Key Management Protocol Specification (RFC 2093)Gopher Internet gopher Protocol (RFC 1436)HTCPC Hypertext Coffee Pot Control Protocol (RFC 2324)HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol (RFC 2068)

126

127

IARP Inverse Address Resolution Protocol (RFC 2390)ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol (RFC 792, 950)ICMPv6Internet Control Message Protocol version 6 (RFC 1885)ICP Internet Cache Protocol (RFC 2186)IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol (RFC 2236)IMAP Internet Message Access Protocol (RFC 2060)IMPP Instant Messaging/Presence Protocol (RFC 2779)IOTP Internet Open Trading Protocol (RFC 2935)IP Internet Protocol (RFC 791)IPng Recommendation for the IP next generation Protocol (RFC 1752)IPv6 Internet Protocol version 6 (RFC 1883)IRC Internet Relay Chat Protocol (RFC 1459)LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (RFC 2251)LFAP Lightweight Flow Admission Protocol (RFC 2124)MAPOS Multiple Access Protocol over SONET (RFC 2171)MP PPP Multilink Protocol (RFC 1990)MPPC Microsoft Point-to-Point Compression Protocol (RFC 2118)NBFCP NetBIOS Frames Control Protocol (RFC 2097)NFS Network File System Protocol (RFC 1094 und 1813)NHRP NBMA Next Hop Resolution Protocol (RFC 2332)NNTP Network News Transport Protocol (RFC 977)NTP Network Time Protocol (RFC 1305)OFTP ODETTE File Transfer Protocol (RFC 2204)PIM-SMProtocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (RFC 2362)POP Post Office Protocol (RFC 1939)PPP Point to Point Protocol (RFC 1661, 2153)RARP Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RFC 903)RIP Routing Information Protocol (RFC 1723)RPC Remote Procedure Call Protocol (RFC 1057, 1831 und 2339)RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol (RFC 2205)RTP Transport Protocol for Realtime Applications (RFC 1889)RTSP Real Time Streaming Protocol (RFC 2326)RWhois Referral Whois Protocol (RFC 2167)SCSP Server Cache Synchronization Protocol (RFC 2334)SDP Session Description Protocol (RFC 2327)SDTP PPP Serial Data Transport Protocol (RFC 1963)SLP Service Location Protocol (RFC 2165)SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (RFC 821)SNACP PPP SNA Control Protocol (RFC 2043)SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol (RFC 1157)

128 ANHANG S. INTERNET-PROTOKOLLE

SNQP Simple Nomenclator Query Protocol (RFC 2259)SNTP Simple Network Time Protocol (RFC 2030)SOCKS SOCKS Protocol (RFC 1928)TCP Transmission Control Protocol (RFC 793)Telnet Telnet Protocol (RFC 854)TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol (RFC 783 und 1350)TIP Transaction Internet Protocol (RFC 2371)UDP User Datagram Protocol (RFC 768)VRRP Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (RFC 2338)XNSCP PPP XNS IDP Control Protocol (RFC 1764)

Siehe auch RFC 2700: Internet Official Protocol Standards vomAugust 2000.

T Frequently Asked Questions(FAQs)In vielen Newsgruppen tauchen immer wieder dieselben Fragenauf. Irgendwann erbarmt sich ein Leser und sammelt sie samtden zugehörigen Antworten unter der Überschrift Frequently As-ked Questions, abgekürzt FAQ. Diese FAQs (man beachte: derPlural eines Plurals) sind eine wertvolle Informationsquelle. DieSpektren der Themen und der Qualität sind so breit wie dasNetz. Innerhalb der Netnews enthalten die FAQs naturgemäßnur Text, manche werden jedoch parallel dazu im WWW ange-boten und können dort Grafik verwenden. Sie sind zu finden:

• in der jeweiligen Newsgruppe,• in der Newsgruppe news.answers bzw. de.answers,• auf http://www.cs.ruu.nl/cgi-bin/faqwais (Uni-

versität Utrecht)• auf http://www.faqs.org/,• auf rtfm.mit.edu in den Verzeich-

nissen /pub/usenet-by-group/ bzw./pub/usenet-by-hierarchie/.

Um einen Überblick zu gewinnen, hole man sich per FTPvom MIT die Datei Index-byname.gz. Nachfolgend sind eini-ge FAQs aufgeführt, aber bei weitem nicht alle:

• Unix - Frequently Asked Questions, incomp.unix.questions. Siebenteilig, von TED TIMAR,seit 1989, daher ausgereift.

• Unix Programming FAQ, in comp.unix.programmer.• Unix-FAQ/Shell, in comp.unix.shell. Von TED TIMAR.• Linux META-FAQ, in comp.os.linux.announce.• NetBSD, FreeBSD, and OpenBSD FAQ, gemeinsames

zehnteiliges FAQ-Dokument in

– comp.unix.bsd.netbsd.announce,

129

130 ANHANG T. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQS)

– comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.announce und– comp.unix.openbsd.announce.

• vi Editor FAQ, in comp.editors undcomp.unix.questions. Zweiteilig.

• comp.lang.perl* FAQ, in comp.lang.perl.announce.Fünfteilig.

• The X Toolkit Intrinsics FAQ, in comp.windows.x.• Catalog of compilers, interpreters, and other language

tools, in comp.compilers und comp.lang.misc. Fünftei-lig.

• Comp.software.eng FAQ, in comp.software.eng.• FAQ List (zur Sprache C), in comp.lang.c.• C++ FAQ, in comp.lang.c++. Achtteilig.• Available C++ libraries FAQ, in comp.lang.c++. Sechstei-

lig.• Comp.lang.objective-c FAQ, in comp.lang.objective-c.

Dreiteilig.• TCP/IP Resources List, in comp.protocols.tcp-ip.• TCP/IP Applications FAQ, in comp.protocols.tcp-ip.• FAQ: Internet-Zugänge in Deutschland, in de.etc.lists.• Netiquette für de.*. in de.newusers.questions.• Anonymous FTP Sitelist, in comp.archives. Dreiund-

zwanzigteilig.• World Wide Web FAQ, Introduction, incomp.infosystems.www. Von THOMAS BOUTELL.

• comp.graphics.algorithms FAQ, incomp.graphics.algorithms.

• comp.text FAQ, in comp.text.• TeX, LaTeX, Dante e. V. FAQ, in de.comp.text.tex. Elf-

teilig.• alt.comp.virus FAQ, in comp.virus. Dreiteilig.Natürlich gibt es auch FAQs zu Themen außerhalb der In-

formatik, beispielsweise de.rec.fahrrad FAQ, sechsteilig undmonatlich in der Newsgruppe de.rec.fahrrad zu finden.

U Abkürzungen aus Informatikund TelekommunikationGehen wir von 30 Zeichen aus, aus denen Abkürzungen gebil-det werden, und nehmen wir eine größte Länge von 5 Zeichenan, so lassen sich 25.137.930 verschiedene Abkürzungen bilden(Kombinationen mit Wiederholung und Berücksichtigung derReihenfolge). Es folgt eine Auswahl von rund 13000 Abkürzun-gen aus den Bereichen Informatik und Telekommunikation. DieAbkürzungen werden hier durchgehend groß geschrieben, Ak-zente, Bindestriche und dergleichen wurden weggelassen. EinigeAbkürzungen sind geschützte Namen; diese sind nicht gekenn-zeichnet. Die Liste beschreibt nur den Gebrauch, sie legt nichteine Definition fest.

16CIF 16 times Common Intermediate Format (Picture Format)16QAM 16-state Quadrature Amplitude Modulation1GL 1st Generation Language (Maschinencode)1TR6 (ISDN-Protokoll D-Kanal, national)2GL 2nd Generation Language (Assembler)2L8 Too Late (Slang)2MS Strukturierte Monopolleitung 2 Mbit/s3GIO 3rd Generation I/O (Bus, Interface)3GL 3rd Generation Language (C/C++, Fortran, Cobol)3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Program3LH 3rd Level Hierarchy3PCC 3rd Party Call Control4CIF 4 times Common Intermediate Format (Picture Format)4GL 4th Generation Language (SQL, Labview, ABAP)4LH 4th Level Hierarchy5GL 5th Generation Language64QAM 64-state Quadrature Amplitude Modulation6GL 6th Generation Language7E1 (Zeichenformat: 7 Bits/Zeichen, parity even, 1 Stopbit)8N1 (Zeichenformat: 8 Bits/Zeichen, no parity bit, 1 Stopbit)10GE 10 GBit/s Ethernet

131

132ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNIKATION

A Advanced, American, Amplitude, Application, Architecture, Area, AssociationA2DP Advanced Audio Distribution ProfileAA Access AuthorizationAA Aiming AlgorithmAA Anti-AliasingAA Arbitrary AccessAA Assistant AdministratorAA Audits + AssessmentsAA Auto AnswerAAA Authentication, Authorization, Accounting (system)AAAA Aussuchen – Auspacken – Anpassen – AnwendenAAAAAA Association for the Abolition of Abused Abbreviations and Asinine AcronymsAAAI American Association of Artificial IntelligenceAAB All-to-All BroadcastAAC Advanced Audio Coder/CodingAAC Apple Assistance CenterAACD Academic Administrative Computing ServicesAACE Association for the Advancement of Computing in EducationAACR Anglo-American Cataloging RulesAACS Advanced/Automated Access Content/Control SystemAACS Ann Arbor Computer SocietyAACS Asynchronous Address Communication SystemAACS Automated Analog Circuit SynthesisAAD Address AdderAADP Administrative Automatic Data ProcessingAAE Allgemeine Anschalt-ErlaubnisAAE Automatische AnrufeinrichtungAAFID Autonomous Agent For Intrusion DetectionAAIC Accounting Authority Identification CodeAAL Absolute Assembly LanguageAAL Asynchronous Transfer Mode Adaption LayerAAL ATM Adaptation LayerAALPDU AAL Protocol Data UnitAAM Automatic Acoustic ManagementAAMOF As A Matter Of Fact (Slang)AAN Associated Account NumberAAP Advanced Adaptive ProtocolAAP Applications Access Point

133

AAP Association of American PublishersAAPI Audio Applications Programming InterfaceAAR AnfangsadressregisterAARP AppleTalk Address Resolution ProtocolAAS All-to-All ScatterAAS Arithmetic Assignment StatementAASP ASCII Asynchronous Support PackageAAT Average Access TimeAATIS Arbeitskreis Amateurfunk und Telekommunikation in der SchuleAATP Authorized Academic Training ProgramAAUI Apple Attachment Unit InterfaceAAVD Automatic Alternate Voice DataAB AnrufbeantworterAB Ausser BetriebABAP Advanced Business Application Programming (SAP)ABB ASEA Brown Boveri (Schweiz)ABC American Broadcasting CompanyABC Applications of Broadband CommunicationABC Atanasoff-Berry-ComputerABC Automatic Brightness ControlABCD Add, Browse, Change, DeleteABCS Advanced Business Communications via SatelliteABD Automatic Baudrate DetectionABEND Abnormal EndABF Adobe Binary Screen FontABI Application Binary InterfaceABIC Access Bus Industry GroupABIOS Advanced Basic Input Output SystemABIST Automatic Built-In Self TestABK Arbeitskreis BildkommunikationABLE Adaptive Battery Life ExtenderABLE Agent Building and Learning EnvironmentABM Anything But MicrosoftABM Asynchronous Balanced ModeABN Australian Bibliographic NetworkABNF Augmented Backus-Naur FormABNS Application Based Network ServicesABR Automated Beacon RemovalABR Available Bit RateABRD Automatic Baud Rate Detection


ABRS Automated Book Request SystemABS Address Book SynchronizationABS Authorized Bearer Services (Exceptions)ABS Automatic Backup ShutdownABT AbortABT ATM Block TransferABTDT ATM Block Transfer Delayed TransmissionABTIT ATM Block Transfer Immediate TransmissionABTS ASCII Block Terminal ServicesAC Access/Automatic ControlAC Access ConcentratorAC AccumulatorAC Advisory CommitteeAC Alternating CurrentAC Analogue ComputerAC Arc ConsistencyAC Audio Code/Codec/CodingAC Authority CenterAC Auto CheckACA Application Control Architecture (DEC)ACAP Application Configuration Access ProtocolACAP Automated Content Access ProtocolACAS Application Control Architecture ServicesACATS Advisory Committee on Advanced Television SystemsACC Abnormal Condition ControlACC AccessACC AccumulatorACC Adaptive Cruise ControlACC Area Communication ControllerACCMAIL Accessing the Internet via EmailACCU Association of C and C++ UsersACD Automated/Automatic Call Director/Distributor/DistributionACDF Access Control Decision FunctionACDG Automatic Call Distribution GroupACDI Asynchronous Communication Device InterfaceACDP Australian Committee on Data ProcessingACE A Compact Evaluated Nuclear Data FileACE Access Control Encryption/EntryACE Adaptive Communication EnvironmentACE Additional Core Enhancements

135

ACE Adobe Certified ExpertACE Advanced Computing Environment (SCO)ACE Adverse Channel EnhancementACE ASCII Compatible EncodingACE Automatic Calling EquipmentACELP Algebraic Code Excited Linear PredictionACF Access Control FieldACF Admission ConfirmationACF Advanced Communication FunctionACF Attribute Configuration FileACFC Address and Control Field CompressionACFM Alternating Current Frequency ModulationACH Automeated Clearing HouseACI Access Control InformationACI Adjacent Channel InterferenceACI Advanced Chip InterconnectionACI Advanced Computing InitiativeACI American Computer InnovatorsACI Application Communication InterfaceACIA Access Control Inner AreaACIA Asynchronous Communication Interface AdapterACIAS Automated Calibration Internal Analysis SystemACID Add, Change, Inquire, DeleteACID Analysis Console for Intrusion DatabasesACID Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, DurabilityACIS American Committee for Interoperable SystemsACK Acknowledge/AcknowledgementACK Amsterdam Compiler KitACL Access Control ListACL Account ClassificationACL Advanced Computing LaboratoryACL Agent Communication LanguageACL Application Connectivity LinkACL Asynchronous Connectionless LinkACLS Accounting Class Packet ServicesACLU American Civil Liberties Union, USAACM Association for Computing Machinery, USAACM Audio Compression ManagerACME Assembling Configuration Management EnvironmentsACMS Application Control Management System


ACONET Akademisches Computer-Netz, ÖsterrreichACOPS Automatic CPU Overheat Prevention SystemACOS Additional Call Offering ServiceACP Analog Copy ProtectionACP Ancillary Control ProgramACP Automatic Channel ProgrammingACP Auxiliary Control ProcessACP Average CPU PowerACPI Advanced Configuration and Power InterfaceACPICA Advanced Configuration and Power Management Interface Component ArchitectureACR Advanced Communication RiserACR Allowed Cell RateACR Attenuation to Crosstalk RatioACRG Access Code Restriction GroupACROSS Automated Cargo Release and Operations Service SystemACS Access Control Server/Set/SystemACS Account Control SystemACS Advanced Communication/Computer SystemACS Aldus Color FileACS Anti Curl SystemACS Asynchronous Communication ServerACSA Access Control Specific AreaACSE Association Control Service Element/EntityACSK Adaptive Code Shift KeyingACSNET Australian Computer Science NetworkACSR Automatic Customer Station RearrangementACSS Audio Cascading Style SheetACT Advanced Communication for TrainingACT Applied Computerized Telephony (HP)ACTA America’s Carriers Telecommunication AssociationACTI Advanced Computational Technology InitiativeACTL Access Customer Terminal LocationACTLU Active Logical UnitACTPU Active Physical UnitACTS Advanced Communications Technologies and ServicesACTS Advanced Communications Technology SatelliteACTS Automated Computer Time Service (NIST)ACTT Advanced Communication and Timekeeping TechnologyACTU Active UserACTV Advanced Compatible Television

137

ACU Access Control UnitACU Acknowledgement Signal UnitACU Automatic Calling UnitACVC Ada Compiler Validation CapacityACWT Analog Call WaitingA/D Analog/DigitalAD Active DirectoryAD Administrative DomainAD Assignment DateADA Adobe Developers AssociationADA Applied Decision AnalysisADA Automatic Data AcquisitionADABAS Adaptable Database SystemADAIC Ada Information ClearinghouseADAM Automatischer DatenmessplatzADAM Art, Design, Architecture + Media Information GatewayADAT Alesis Digital Audio TapeADB Apple Desktop BusADB Authentication DatabaseADC Adaptive Data CompressionADC Add with CarryADC Analogue to Digital ConverterADC Apple Developer ConnectionADC Apple Display ConnectorADC Application Development ClassesADCCP Advanced Data Communication Control Procedure/ProtocolADD Adapter Device DriverADD Architecture Design DocumentADD Automatic Document DetectionADDMD Administration Directory Management DomainADDX Assoziation Deutschsprachiger DXerADE Advanced Document EngineeringADE Application Development EnvironmentADEOS Advanced Earth Observation Satellite, JapanADEPA Agence Nationale pour le Developpement de la Production AutomatiseeADF Adaptor Description FileADF Address Distribution FacilityADF Arbeitskreis Digitale FotografieADF Automatic Direction Finder/FindingADF Automatic Document Feed/Feeder


ADF Automatically Defined FunctionADFS Acorn/Advanced Disc File/Filing SystemADI Agence de l’InformatiqueADI Autodesk Device InterfaceADIOS Automated Download and Installation of Operating SystemsADISS Analytical Data Interchange + Storage StandardsADL Above Detection LimitADL Address Data LatchADL Adventure Definition LanguageADLAT Adaptive Lattice FilterADLC Adaptive Lossless Data CompressionADLC Asynchronous Data Link ControlADM Add/Drop-MultiplexerADM Aggregate Data ManagerADM Application Development ModulADM Arrow Diagram MethodADM Asynchronous Disconnected ModeADM Automatic Drive MaintenanceADMACS Apple Document Management And Control SystemADMD Administrative/Administration Management Domain (X.400)ADO ActiveX Data ObjectADP Administrative/Automatic Data ProcessingADP AOLserver Dynamic PagesADP Automatic Data ProcessingADPCM Adaptive Delta/Differential Pulse Code Modulation/ModulatorADR AddressADR Advanced Digital RecordingADRC Adaptive Dynamic Range CodingADRD Automatic Data Rate DetectionADRES Automatic Dynamic Range Expansion SystemADS Active Directory ServiceADS Aktiver Diagnose-SteckerADS Alternate Data StreamADS Application Development Solutions/SystemADS AutoCAD Development SystemADS Automated Data ServiceADS Automatic Distribution SystemADSC Address Status ChangedADSC Adobe Document Structuring ConventionsADSI Active/Advanced Directory Service Interface

139

ADSI Analog Display Services InterfaceADSL Asymmetric(al) Digital Subscriber Line/LoopADSM Adstar Distributed Storage Manager (IBM)ADSP AppleTalk Data Stream ProtocolADSR Attack, Decay, Sustain, ReleaseADT AbrechnungsdatenträgerADT Abstrakter DatentypADT Advanced DRAM TechnologyADT Application Data TypeADTV Advanced Definition TelevisionADU Automatic Dialing UnitADVISE Analysis, Dissemination, Visualization, Insight, and Semantic EnhancementADX Automatic Data ExchangeADXVERZ Amtliches Verzeichnis der DATEX-TeilnehmerAE Above or EqualAE Application EntityAEB Analogue Expansion BusAEC Architectural and Engineering ConstructionAEC Ars Electronica CenterAEC Availability Environment ClassificationAECG Advanced Embedded Codes GatewayAED Abfrageeinrichtung für DatenverkehrAEEC Airlines Engineering Electronics CommitteeAEG Allgemeine Electricitäts-GesellschaftAEH Advanced Encapsulated HypertextAEI Additional Equipment InterfaceAEIOUS Advanced Enhanced Interface for Open Universal SystemsAEM Acoustic Emission MonitoringAEM Asynchronous Event MechanismAEM Automatic Emulation ManagementAEMS Automated Energy Management SystemAEN Acknowledgment Error NotificationAEP AppleTalk Echo ProtocolAEP Application Environment Profile (Posix)AES Advanced Encryption StandardAES Application Environment Specification/ServicesAET Abstract Window ToolkitAET Advanced Educational TechnologyAET Application Entity TitleAF Alternative/Audio Frequency


AF Anzunehmender FehlerAF Auxiliary Carry FlagAFA Accelerated File AccessAFA Association des Fournisseurs d’Acces et de Services InternetAFAIAA As Far As I Am Aware (Slang)AFAIC As Far As I am Concerned (Slang)AFAIK As Far As I Know (Slang)AFAIKT As Far As I Know Today (Slang)AFAIR As Far As I Remember (Slang)AFB Adobe Font BinaryAFC Antiferro-magnetically Coupled (media)AFC Automatic Font ChangeAFC Automatic Frequency ControlAFCCU Advanced Function Common Control UnitAFD Automatic File DistributionAFDM Advanced Fluid Dynamics ModelAFDW Active Framework for Data WarehousingAFE Analog Front EndAFF Adaptive Feed ForwardAFFS Amiga Fast File SystemAFH Adaptive Frequency HoppingAFI Authority and Format IdentifierAFII Association for Font Information InterchangeAFIN Association Française des InformaticiensAFIPS American Federation of Information Processing SocietiesAFIRM Automated Fingerprint Image Reporting and MatchAFIS Automated Fingerprint Identification SystemAFJ April Fool’s Joke (Slang)AFK Away From Keyboard (Slang)AFM Adobe Font Manager/MetricsAFM Audio Frequency ModulationAFN American Forces NetworkAFNIC Association Francaise pour le Nommage Internet en CooperationAFNOR Association Française de NormalisationAFOD Angebot für Online-DiensteAFP Advanced Flexible ProcessorAFP Advanced Function Presentation/PrintingAFP AppleTalk Filing ProtocolAFR Alternate Frame RenderingAFR Annualized Failure Rate

141

AFR Arndt-Ford-Roper Two-pole FitAFS Advanced Freephone ServiceAFS Alex/Andrew/Advanced File SystemAFSK Audio Frequency Shift Keyer/Keying (Modulation)AFT Adapter Fault ToleranceAFTEL Association Francaise de la Telematique MultimediaAFTN Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication NetworkAFTP Anonymous FTP (Internet)AFU alt.folklore.urbanAFUG AmateurfunkgesetzAFUL Association francophone des utilisateurs de Linux et des logiciels libresAFUU Association Française des Utilisateurs d’UNIXAFUUSO Association Française des Utilisateurs d’UNIX et des Systemes OuvertsAFUV AmateurfunkverordnungAG Alternating GradientAGA Advanced Graphics Adapter/ArchitectureAGAF Arbeitsgemeinschaft AmateurfunkfernsehenAGC Automatic Gain ControlAGCH Access Grant ChannelAGCS Advanced Graphic Chip SetAGCW Arbeitsgemeinschaft CWAGDX Arbeitsgemeinschaft DX e. V., ErlangenAGE Automatische GebührenerfassungAGFMB Arbeitsgemeinschaft Freier MailboxenAGFPL Aladdin Ghostscript Free Public LicenseAGL Adobe Glyph ListAGNES Automatisches GPS-Netz SchweizAGP Accelerated Graphics PortAGP Advanced Graphics Package (HP)AGPL Affero General Public License (GNU)AGRAS Antiglare Antireflective AntistaticAGU Address Generation UnitAGUI Advanced Graphical User InterfaceAGV Automatic Guided VehicleAH Authentication HeaderAHB Advanced High Performance BusAHC Advanced High Speed CMOSAHCI Advanced Host Controller InterfaceAHDL Altera Hardware Description LanguageAHRA Audio Home Recording Act


AHREF Anchor Hypertext ReferenceAI Adobe IllustratorAI Analogue InputAI Artificial IntelligenceAI Active InterfaceAIA Application Integrated Architecture (DEC)AIC AIX Windows Interface ComposerAID Alarm Identification on DemandAIDA Attention, Interest, Desire, ActionAIDS Activity Information Data SystemAIDS Anomaly-based Intrusion Detection SystemAIDS Automatic Installation and Diagnostic ServiceAIFF Adobe/Audio Interchange File FormatAII Active Input InterfaceAII Attachement Individual IdentifierAIIM Association for Information and Image ManagementAIK Angewandte Informatik Karlsruhe e. V.AIM Advanced InformaticsAIM AOL Instant MessengerAIM Automatic Interface Management in MedicineAIM Apple, Intel, MotorolaAIMB As I Mentioned Before (Slang)AIML Artificial Intelligence Markup LanguageAIMM AGP In-line Memory ModuleAIMS Advanced Information Management SystemAIMS Apple Internet Mail ServerAIN Advanced Intelligent NetworkAIN Auto Insert NotificationAIO All In OneAIO Annual Inspection + OverhaulAIOD Automatic Identification of Outward DialingAIP Adaptive Internet ProtocolAIP Application Infrastructure ProviderAIP Archive Information PackageAIPS Astronomical Image Processing SystemAIR Architecture Implementation ReviewAIR Automated Image and RestoreAIS Account Information Security (Program)AIS Administrative/Affiliate Information SystemAIS Alarm Indication Signal/System

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AIS Application Integration ServicesAIS Artificial Immune SystemAIS Audit Information System (SAP)AIS Automated Identification/Information SystemAIS Autonomous Intelligent SystemAISB Association of Imaging Service BureausAISI As I See It (Slang)AISP Association of Information Systems ProfessionalsAIT Advanced Information TechnologyAIT Advanced Intelligent TapeAIUI As I Understand It (Slang)AIW APPN Implementor’s WorkshopAIX Advanced Interactive Executive (IBM)AJAX Asynchronous Javascript And XMLAJC Anti-Jitter CircuitAKA Also Known As (Slang)AKF AutokorrelationsfunktionAKI Arbeitskreis InformatikAKL Agent Kernel LanguageAKS Arbeitskreis Schule (in der GUUG)AKSIS Arbeitskreis Schutz von InfrastrukturenAL Application LayerAL Arbitrated LoopAL Assembly LanguageAL AussagenlogikALA American Library AssociationALAT Advanced Load Address TableALB Adaptive Load BalancingALC Arithmetic and Logic CircuitALC Automatic Level ControlALDC Advanced Lossless Data CompressionALE Address Latch EnableALE Address Lifetime ExpectancyALE Application Link EnablingALE Application Linking and EmbeddingALEC Alternative Local Exchange CarrierALEX A Lexical Programming LanguageALEX Advertising Link ExchangeALEX Altlasten-ExpertensystemALEX Automatic Login Executor


ALEX Automated/Automatic Labour ExchangeALF Accurate positioning by Low FrequencyALG Application Level GatewayALGOL Algorithmic LanguageALI American Law InstituteALI Automatic Link IntelligenceALIBI Adaptive Location of Internetworked Bases of InforamtionALICE Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer EntityALINK Active LinkALIS Automatic Link SetupALIWEB Archie Like Indexing in the WebALM Application Loadable ModulALN Asynchronous Learning NetworkALOE Apple Library for Object EmbeddingALOS Auto LISP Object SystemALP Assembly Language PreprocessorALP Automatic Language ProcessingALPM Aggressive Link Power ManagementALRU Automatic Line Record UpdateALS Advanced Low Power SchottkyALSA Advanced Linux Sound ArchitectureALT AlternateALT Anti Leech TrackerALU Arithmetic Logic/Logical UnitALWR Arbeitskreis der Leiter Wissenschaftlicher RechenzentrenAM AmplitudenmodulationAM AnschlussmodulAM AnwendungsmodulAM Application Maintainer (Debian)AMA Active Member Addressing (Bluetooth)AMA Automatic Message AccountingAMANDDA Automated Messaging and Directory AssistanceAMASS Archival Management And Storage SystemAMB Advanced Memory BufferAMBA Advanced Microcontroller Bus ArchitectureAMBW All My Best Wishes (Slang)AMC Arbitration and Mediation CenterAMD Active Matrix DisplayAMD Advanced Micro Devices, Inc., USAAMDD Agile Modelling Driven Development

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AMDS Amplitude Modulation Data SystemAME Advanced Metal EvaporatedAMF All Media FloppyAMH Automated Materials HandlingAMI Alternate/Alternative Mark InversionAMI American Microsystems Inc.AMI Application Messaging InterfaceAML ACPI Machine LanguageAML Acronym Master ListAMLCD Active Matrix Liquid Crystal DisplayAMMA Advanced Memory Management ArchitectureAMO Administration and Maintenance OrderAMP Advanced Metal PowderAMP Asymmetric/Asynchronous Multi ProcessingAMP Audio MPEG PlayerAMPL A Mathematical Programming LanguageAMPS Advanced Mobile Phone Service/SystemAMR Adaptive Mesh RefinementAMR Adaptive Multi Rate (Audio Codec)AMR Anisotropic MagnetoresistanceAMR Audio Modem RiserAMRA Ants-based Mobile Routing ArchitectureAMRIS Adhoc Multicast Routing Protocol Utilizing Increasing ID-NumbersAMRR Adaptive Multi Rate RetryAMS American Mathematical SocietyAMS Andrew Message SystemAMT Apple Media ToolkitAMTEC Ausstellung für Amateurfunktechnik, Elektronik, ComputerAMTOR Amateur Microcomputer Teleprinting Over RadioAMVER Atlantic/Automatic Merchant Vessel (Emergency) Reporting SystemAMVER Automated Mutual Assistance Vessel Rescue SystemAN Access NetworkAN Accession/Associated NumberANAC Automatic Number Announcement CircuitANARC Association of North American Radio ClubsANDF Architecture Neutral Distribution FormatANF Additional Network FeatureANFSCD And Now For Something Completely Different (Slang)ANI Automatic Number Identification (Telefon)ANIS Analoger Anschluss an einer ISDN-Vermittlungsstelle


ANL Argonne National Laboratory, USAANL Automatic Noise LimiterANN Artificial Neural NetworkANR Advanced/Automatic Network RoutingANRS Automatic Noise Reduction SystemANS Access Network SystemANS Advanced Networking Services (Intel)ANS American National StandardANSA Advances Network Systems ArchitectureANSI American National Standards InstituteANTC Advanced Networking Test CenterANTIOPE Aquisition Numerique et Televisualisition d’Images Organisees en Page d’EcritureANW International Academic Networking WorkshopAO Analogue OutputAOC Abnormal Operating ConditionAOC ADSL Overhead ControlAOC Advice Of ChargeAOCE Apple Open Collaboration EnvironmentAOD Advanced Optical DiscAOD Audio On DemandAODBS Aspect Oriented Database SystemAODI Always On Dynamic ISDNAODV Ad hoc On demand Distance VectorAOE Application Operating Environment (AT&T)AOE ATA over EthernetAOI Active Output InterfaceAOL America Online, Inc.AOM Annual Operating + Maintenance (cost)AOP Aspect Oriented ProgrammingAOR Atlantic Ocean RegionAOS Add Or SubtractAOS Advanced Operating SystemAOSD Aspect Oriented Software DevelopmentAOSE Agent Oriented Software EngineeringAOSS AirStation One-touch Secure SystemAOT Absolutely Off Topic (News)AOT Ahead Of Time (compilation)AOT Application Object Template/TreeAOW Asia and Oceania Workshop (OSI)AP Access Point

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AP Adjunct/Application ProcessorAP Application/Adjunct Process/Processor/ProgramAP Automatic PaginationAPA All Points AddressableAPA Adaptive Packet AssemblyAPA All Points AddressableAPA Arithmetic Processing AcceleratorAPA Amateur Press AssociationAPAA Aggressive Packet Adaptive AssemblyAPAR Authorized Program Analysis Report (IBM)APAREN Address Parity EnableAPART Automated Packet Recognition/TranslationAPB Advanced Peripheral BusAPC Application ProtocolAPC Association for Progressive CommunicationsAPC ArbeitsplatzcomputerAPC Airborne Public CorrespondenceAPC Automated Production ProtocolAPCUG Association of PC Users GroupsAPD Areal Power DensityAPDA Apple Programmers and Developers AssociationAPDU Application Protocol Data UnitAPE Abgesetzte Periphere EinheitAPE Adaptable Persistence EngineAPEX Advanced Packet ExchangeAPEX Application ExchangeAPF Active Port ForwardingAPG Automated Password GeneratorAPI Application Program/Programming InterfaceAPIA Application Program Interface AssociationAPIC Advanced Programmable Interrupt ControllerAPIM ATM Interface Port ModuleAPIPA Automatic Private Internet Protocol AddressingAPL A Programming LanguageAPL Application Program LibraryAPM Advanced Power ManagementAPN Access Point NameAPN Actual Private NetworkAPNIC Asia Pacific Network Information CentreAPO Advanced Planner and Optimizer (SAP)


APOL Alternate Person On Line (Slang)APOP Authenticated Post Office ProtocolAPP Application Portability ProfileAPP Automatic Page PositioningAPPC Advanced Program to Program Communication/Converter (IBM)APPI Advanced Peer-to-Peer InternetworkingAPPN Advanced Peer-to-Peer Network/Networking (IBM)APR Access Point RoamingAPR Acoustic Pulse RecognitionAPR Apache Portable Runtime (layer, library)APRIL Active/Passive Radio Interference LockAPRIL Adaptive Photonic Reflection by Inverted LightAPRIL Advanced Power Recycling by Integrated LogicAPRIL Adverse Psychiatric Reactions Information LinkAPRIL Association for Promotion and Research in LinuxAPRIL Association pour la Promotion et la Recherche en Informatique libreAPRP Adaptive Pattern Recognition ProcessingAPRS Automatic Position Report/Reporting SystemAPS Active Pixel SensorAPS Advanced Planning and SchedulingAPS Advanced Printing/Production/Photo SystemAPS Array Processing SystemAPS Asynchronous Protocol SpecificationAPS Automatic Position SelectAPS Asynchronous Protocol SpecificationAPS Auto Pilot SystemAPS Assembly Programming SystemAPSE Ada Programming/Project Support EnvironmentAPSL Apple Public Source LicenseAPSN Atlantic Packet Satellite NetworkAPT Address Pass ThroughAPT Adobe Postscript PointAPT Advanced Package ToolAPT Advanced Parallel TechnologyAPT Almost Plain TextAPT Application Program TitleAPT Automatically Programmed ToolsAPU Attached Processing UnitAQL A Query LanguageAQL Acceptable Quality Level

149

AR Access RouterAR Artificial/Augmented RealityAR Aspect RatioAR Augmented RealityARA Apple/AppleTalk Remote AccessARAG Antireflective AntiglareARAP Apple Remote Access ProtocolARAS Antireflective AntistaticARB Adaptive Rate BasedARB Architectural/Architecture Review BoardARC Acceptable Risk CalculatorARC Acoustic Resonance ControlARC Advanced RISC ComputingARCA Advanced RISC Computing ArchitectureARCNET Attached Resource Computer/Computing NetworkARD Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Rundfunkanstalten DeutschlandsARD Apple Remote DesktopARDF Amateur Radio Direction FindingARES Annuaire Recherche Enseignement SuperieurARF Abuse Reporting FormatARI Autofahrer Rundfunk InformationARIN American Registry for Internet NumbersARIS Architecture of Integrated Information SystemsARJ Admission RejectARL Adjusted Ring LengthARL Association of Research Liberaries, USAARL Authority Revocation ListARLL Advanced Run Length LimitedARM Account Resource ManagementARM Acorn/Advanced RISC MachineARM Advanced RISC MachineARM Annotated Reference ManualARM Application Response MeasurmentARM Arpanet Reference ModelARM Asynchronous Response ModeARMA Association of Records Managers and Administrators, USAARMM Automated Retroactive Minimal ModerationARMS Architecture for Reliable Managed StorageARNE Automated Remote Network EvaluationARNS AppleTalk Remote Network Server


AROM Associative Read Only MemoryARP Address Resolution Protocol (Internet)ARPA Advanced Research Projects Agency, USAARPA Automatic Radar Plotting AidARPL Adjust Requested Privilege LevelARPU Average Revenue Per Unit/UserARQ Admission RequestARQ Automatic Repeat RequestARR Annual Return RateARR Automatic Repeat/Retransmission RequestARRL American Radio Relay LeagueARS Activity Reporting SystemARS Adaptive Rate SystemARS Address Retrieval SystemARS Atomic Resolution StorageARS Automatic Route SelectionARSB Automated Repair Service BureauART Adaptive Reasoning TechnologyART Another Ray TracerART Autorite de Regulation des TelecommunicationsARTA Apple Real Time ArchitectureARTIC A Real-Time Interface Coprocessor (IBM)ARTOB Amateur Radio Translator on BalloonARTS Asynchronous Remote Takeover ServerARTT Asynchronous Remote Takeover TerminalARU Audio Response UnitAS Abstract SyntaxAS AnschlusssatzAS Application System (IBM)AS Authentication Server/ServiceAS Autonomous SystemAS3AP ANSI SQL Standard Scalable and PortableASA American Standards AssociationASA Advanced SCSI ArchitectureASA Adaptive Security AlgorithmASAI Adjunct Switch Application InterfaceASAM Arbeitskreis zur Standardisierung von Automatisierungs- und MesssystemenASAP As Soon As Possible (Slang)ASAP Automatic Switching And ProcessingASB Advanced System Buffering/Bus

151

ASB Alarm-Signal-BearbeitungASC Accredited Standards Committee (ANSI)ASC Auditor Security CollectionASC Authorized Service/Support CenterASCC Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (IBM)ASCI Accelerated/Advanced Strategic Computing InitiativeASCII American Standard Code for Information InterchangeASCIIZ ASCII String, Zero TerminatedASCOM Asynchronous Communication Control ProgramASD Adaptive Software DevelopmentASD Application Structure DatabaseASD Automatic Skip DriverASDF Another System Definition FacilityASDF Association of Synchronous Data FormatsASDF Average Squared Difference FunctionASE Advanced Server EnvironmentASE Amplified Spontaneous EmissionASEA Allmänna Svenska Electricitets-Aktiebolag, SchwedenASF Active Movie Streaming FormatASF Active/Advanced Streaming FormatASF Apache Software FoundationASF Aspect Source FlagASI Adapter Support Interface (IBM)ASI Alarm-Signal-InitialisierungASI Application Specific InstructionASIC Application Specific Integrated CircuitASIN Amazon Standard Identification NumberASIO Audio Stream Input OutputASIP Application Specific Instruction Set ProcessorASIS Ada Semantic Interface SpecificationASIS American Society for Industrial SecurityASIS American Society for Information ScienceASIT Advanced Security and Identification TechnologyASK Akademische Software Kooperation, KarlsruheASK Amplitude Shift KeyingASL ACPI (Control Method) Source LanguageASL Adaptive Speed LevellingASL Architectural Space Laboratory, ZürichASLM Apple Shared Library ManagerASLR Address Space Layout Randomization


ASM Abstract State MachineASM Any Source MulticastASM Application Specific MemoryASM Automated Storage ManagementASMP Asymmetric Multi ProcessingASN Abstract Syntax NotationASN Access Stack NodeASN Autonomous System NumberASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation One (ISO, CCITT)ASO Active Sideband OptimumASO Address Supporting OrganizationASO Automated Systems OperationASP Active Server Page/PagesASP Advanced Signal ProcessorASP Advanced Simple ProfileASP Allegiance Site License ProgramASP AppleTalk Session ProtocolASP Application Service ProviderASP Association of Shareware ProfessionalsASP Attached Support ProcessorASP Authorized Service Provider/ProvidingASPEC Adaptive Spectral Perceptual Entropy EncodingASPI Advanced SCSI Programming InterfaceASPM Active State Power ManagementASPS Advanced Signal Processing SystemASQ Automated Software QualityASR Ada Software RepositoryASR Address Space RegisterASR Automatic Send ReceiveASR Automatic Speech RecognitionASR Automatic System RecoveryASRO Asociata de Standardizare din RomaniaASS Aural Style SheetAST AnwendungsschnittstelleASTA Anti Spam Technical AllianceASTAB Asychronous Status BoardASTRA Association Tunesienne des Radio AmateursASU Asynchron/Synchron-UmsetzerASUG America’s SAP Users’ GroupASV Advanced Super View

153

AT Atomic TimeAT Advanced/Assistive TechnologyAT Attention (Hayes)AT AttenuatorATA Analog Telefon/Terminal AdapterATA AT (Bus) Attachment (Interface)ATA Advanced Technology AttachmentATAPI AT Attachment Packet InterfaceATB All Trunks BusyATC Adaptive Transform CodingATC Address Translation CacheATC Advanced Transfer CacheATC ATM Transfer CapabilityATCA Advanced Telecom Computing ArchitectureATCP AppleTalk Control ProtocolATDM Asynchronous Time Division MultiplexingATDMA Advanced/Asynchronous Time Division Multiple AccessATDP Attention Dial Pulse (Hayes)ATDT Attention Dial Tone (Hayes)ATE Automated/Automatic Test/Testing EquipmentATF Automatic Track Finding/FollowingATF Asynchronous TransferATFSM Ask The Friendly System Manager (Slang)ATH Abbreviated Trouble HistoryATH Attention Hangup (Hayes)ATIM Ad-hoc Traffic Indication Map/MessageATIP Absolute Time In PregrooveATIS A Tools Integration StandardATIS Automatic Terminal Information ServiceATIS Automatic Transmitter Identification SystemATK Andrew ToolkitATKIS Amtliches Topographisch-Kartographisches InformationssystemATL Active Template LibraryATL Automatic Tape LibraryATLAS Abreviated Test Language for All SystemsATM Adobe Type/Typeface ManagerATM Asynchronous Transfer ModeATM At The Moment (Slang)ATM Automated/Automatic Teller MachineATMARP ATM Address Resolution Protocol


ATM-CC ATM CrossconnectATMP Ascend Tunnel Management ProtocolATN Aeronautical Telecommunications NetworkATO Assemble/Assembly To OrderATOM Advanced Terminal for Operation and MaintenanceATP Acceptance Test ProcedureATP AppleTalk Transaction ProtocolATP Adaptive Tolerant ProtocolATPS AppleTalk Printing ServicesATR Answer To ResetATR AttributeATR Automatic Terminal RecognitionATRAC Adaptive Transform Acoustic CodingATRC Adaptive Technology Resource Center, U. of TorontoATS Administrative Terminal SystemATS Advanced Training SolutionATS Apple Terminal ServicesATS Author Title SubjectATS Automatic Transfer SwitchATSC Advanced Television Systems CommitteeATST At The Same Time (Slang)AT&T American Telephone and TelegraphATT AttenuatorATT At This Time (Slang)ATTC Advanced Television Test Center, USAATV Advanced/Amateur TelevisionATX Advanced Technology ExtendedAU Administrative/Arithmetic/Access UnitAUA Architecture Unifiee d’ApplicationsAUC Authentication/Authority CentreAUDIT Automated/Automatic Data Input TerminalAUE Andrew User EnvironmentAUFS Another Union Files SystemAUG Apollo/Arcnet User GroupAUGE Apple User Group EuropeAUI Archiver User InterfaceAUI Attached/Attachment Unit/Universal Interface (Ethernet)AUIS Andrew User Interface SystemAUP Acceptable/Appropriate Use Policy (Internet)AUTEX Automatische Telex- und Teletexauskunft der DBP

155

AUX AuxiliaryAUX Apple UNIXAV AntivirusAV audio-visuell, Audio-VideoAV Authenticity VerificationAVA Audio Visual Authoring (IBM)AVA Anruf-VarianteAVA Attribute Value AssertionAVC Access Vector CacheAVC Advanced Video CodingAVC Audio Visual ConnectionAVC Automatic Volume ControlAVC Audio Visual Connection (IBM)AVCD Audio Visual Computer DisplayAVCHD Advanced Video Codec High DefinitionAVD Alternate Voice or DataAVERT Antivirus Emergency Response Team (NAI)AVERZTXTTXAmtliches Telex- und Teletexverzeichnis der DBPAVG AverageAVI Audio Video/Visual Interleave/Interleaved (Microsoft)AVI Audiovisuelle IntegrationAVI Advanced Visual InterfaceAVIA Architecture for Virtual Interfaces for ApplicationsAVK Application Verification KitAVK Audio-Video KernelAVL Adelson-Velskij, Landis (-Baum)AVN Adobe Virtual NetworkAVON Amtliches Verzeichnis der OrtsnetzeAVP Attribute Value PairAVR Automatic Voice RecognitionAVRCP Audio Video Remote Control ProfileAVS Advanced Visual SystemAVS AltersverifikationssystemAVS Application Visualization System (IBM)AVSM Audio-Visual Storage ManagerAVSP Advanced Video Signal ProcessorAVSS Audio-Video Subsystem SoftwareAVVID Architecture for Voice, Video and Integrated Data (Cisco)AWA A While Ago (Slang)AWADO Automatischer Wechselschalter in der Anschlussdose


AWB A While Back (Slang)AWC Association of Women in ComputingAWCG Add With Carry (random number) GeneratorAWD Automatische Wähleinrichtung für DatenverbindungenAWE Address Windowing ExtensionsAWE Advanced Workstation EnvironmentAWF Ausbildung, Weiterbildung, FortbildungAWG American Wire GaugeAWGN Additive White Gaussian NoiseAWGTHTGTTAAre We Going To Have To Go Through This Again? (Slang)AWHFY Are We Having Fun Yet? (Slang)AWL Anweisungsliste (DIN 19 239)AWL Auswahl-LogikAWL Auto WhitelistAWS Administrative WorkstationAWS Advanced Workstations and Systems (group) (IBM)AWS Amazon Web ServicesAWS Apple Workgroup ServerAWS AnrufweiterschaltungAWS AnwendungssoftwareAWT Abstract/Advanced Window/Windowing ToolkitAWU Auto Wake UpAX Automatic TransmissionAXE Applications Execution EnvironmentAXTLK Alien CrosstalkAXU Application Specific Execution UnitAYOR At Your Own Risc (Slang)AYST Are You Still There? (Slang)AZ AzimutAZB Anzeige-Befehl

B Basic, Binary, Bit, Block, British, Bus, Business, ByteB BackwardB BandwidthB2B Business To BusinessB2C Business To ConsumerB2E Business To EmployeeB2P Business To PrivateB4 Before (Slang)

157

B4N Bye For Now (Slang)BA BusankopplerBAC Balanced Asynchronous ClassBAC Basic Access ControlBACP Bandwidth Allocation Control ProtocolBAD Broken As DesignedBAG Buchhändlerische AbrechnungsgesellschaftBAI Basic Rate InterfaceBAK Back At Keyboard (Slang)BAK BackupBAK Binary Adaption Kit (Microsoft)BAKT BasisanschlusskonzentratorBAL Basic Assembly LanguageBALUN Balanced Unbalanced (transformator)BAM Berkeley Abstract MachineBAM Block Availability MapBAM Boyan Action ModuleBAM Bundesanstalt für Materialprüfung, BerlinBAN Body Area NetworkBAP Bandwidth Allocation ProtocolBAPI Biometric Application Program InterfaceBAPI Business Application Programming InterfaceBAPT Bundesamt Post und Telekommunikation, MainzBARRNET Bay Area Regional Research NetworkBARTS Bell Atlantic Regional TimesharingBAS Bild-Austast-Synchron(-Signal)BAS Bitrate Allocation SignalBAS Btx AnwendungsschnittstelleBASH Bourne Again ShellBASIC Beginner’s All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction CodeBASIS Battelle Automated Search Information SystemBASM Built-In AssemblerBAT Baby AT BoardBAT Block Address TranslationBATC Block Address Translation CacheBATV Bounce Address Tag ValidationBAZ Belegauswertung von ZahlungsvorgängenBB Bandwidth BrokerBB Base BandBB beschränkt balanciert (Baum)


BBAE Breitband-Anschluss-Einheit (DSL-Splitter)BBAN Basic Bank Account NumberBBC British Broadcasting CorporationBBCI Berlin Brain/Bregen Computer InterfaceBBK Basic/Business BookkeepingBBK Be Back Ok? (Slang)BBK Berkom Berliner KommunikationssystemBBK Berliner Bibliothekswissenschaftliches KolloquiumBBK Birkbeck University of LondonBBK Breitbandkabel (auch BK)BBK Broadcast BlockBBK Buchführung, Bilanzierung, KostenrechnungBBL Be Back Later (Slang)BBN Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, Mass. (Internet)BBNS Broadband Network ServicesBBR Backbone RingBBR Burnt Beyond Recognition (Slang)BBRA Bad Block Relocation AreaBBS Band-BetriebssystemBBS BIOS Boot Select/SpecificationBBS Bulletin Board SystemBC Begin ChainBC Business ClassBCA Burst Cutting AreaBCAM Basic Communication Access MethodBCC Blind Carbon CopyBCC Block Check/Checking CharacterBCCH Broadcast Control ChannelBCD Barcode DecalBCD Binary Coded DecimalBCE Bell Canada EnterprisesBCF Bandwidth Change ConfirmationBCFSK Binary Coded Frequency Shift KeyingBCH Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (-Code)BCI Batibus Club InternationalBCI Broadcast InterferenceBCL Base Class LibrariesBCL Batch Command LanguageBCL Broadcast ListenerBCM Bachelor of Computer and Mathematical Sciences

159

BCM Back Channel MessageBCM Basic Call/Connection Management/ManagerBCM Basic Computing ModuleBCM Basic Control MonitorBCM Battery/Bound Control ModuleBCM Binary Coded MatrixBCM Bit Clock ModelBCM Bit Compression MultiplexerBCM Block Coded ModualtionBCM Broadcast Manager (IBM)BCM Bus Converter ModuleBCN BeaconBCNF Boyce Codd Normal FormBCNU Be Seeing You (Slang)BCP Best Current PracticeBCP Binary/Byte/Bridging Control ProtocolBCP Bridging Control ProtocolBCP Bulk Copy ProgramBCPL Basic Computer/Combined Programming LanguageBCR Byte Count RegisterBCS Bar Code SorterBCS BASF Computer ServicesBCS Black Check SequenceBCS Boeing Computer ServicesBCS British Computer SocietyBCTS Backup Courier Time ServerBD Blu-ray DiscBDA BIOS Data AreaBDA Broadcast Driver ArchitectureBDC Backup Domain ControllerBDD Business Desktop DeploymentBDE BetriebsdatenerfassungBDE BitLocker Drive EncryptionBDE Borland Database EngineBDF Binary Distribution FormatBDF Bitmap Description/Display FormatBDF Bitmap Distribution Format (Adobe)BDK Beans Development KitBDLC Burroughs Data Link ControlBDLS Bidirectional Loop Switching


BDO Bidrectional OverwriteBDOS Basic Disk Operating SystemBDP Bandwidth Delay ProductBDPP Biometric Device Protection ProfileBDR Beowulf Design RulesBDR Bus Device RequestBDSC Britisch Document Supply CenterBDSG BundesdatenschutzgesetzBDSL Broadband Digital Subscriber LineBDU Brain Dead User (Slang)BE Below or EqualBE BeschaltungseinheitBE Burst ErrorBEB Binary Exponential BackoffBECN Backward Explicit Congestion NotificationBEDO Burst Extended Data Out (DRAM)BEE Bertelsmann Electronic EditionBEEP Blocks Extensible Exchange ProtocolBEER Binary Error Exchange RateBEL Bell (ASCII-Zeichen Nr. 7)BELLCORE Bell Communications Research, Inc.BELUG Bellevue Linux Users GroupBEM Boundary Element MethodBEN BestätigungsnummerBEP Bertelsmann Electronic PublishingBER Basic Encoding RulesBER Bit/Block Error RateBERKOM Berliner KommunikationssystemBERT Bit Error Rate Test/TesterBESYS Bell Operating SystemBETC Between ChainBEV Boot Entry VectorBF Bad FlagBF Boundary FunctionB/F Background/ForegroundBFBI Brute Force and Bloody Ignorance (Slang)BFDI Bundesbeauftragter für Datenschutz und InformationsfreiheitBFF Binary File FormatBFI Brute Force and Ignorance (Slang)BFMI Brute Force and Massive Ignorance (Slang)

161

BFN British Forces NetworkBFN Bye For Now (Slang)BFO Beat Frequency OscillatorBFS Be File System (BeOS)BFS Big File ScannerBFS Bitfile ServerBFS (Unixware) Boot File SystemBFS Breadth First SearchBFT Binary File TransferBFTP Batch/Background File Transfer ProtocolBFU BetriebsführungsumsetzerBFU Brain Free User (Slang)BFV Betriebs-Führungs-VorfeldrechnerBG BackgroundBG Big Grin (Slang)BG Black GenerationBGA Ball Grid ArrayBGE Branch if Greater or EqualBGI Borland’s Graphics InterfaceBGM Background MenuBGMP Border Gateway Multicast ProtocolBGP Border Gateway Protocol (Internet)BGT Branch if Greater ThanBH Bottom HalfBH Branch and HangBHCA Busy Hour Call AttemptsBHI Branch if HigherBHIS Branch if Higher or SameBHLI Broadband High Level InformationBHMD Binocular Helmet Mounted DisplayBHO Browser Helper ObjectBHOF Bald Headed Old Fart (Slang)BHP Bayerische Hacker-PostBHT Branch History TableBI Binary InputBI Breidbart IndexBI Broadcast InviteBI Business IntelligenceBIA Bump In the APIBIB Bus Interface Board


BIBOP Big Bag Of PagesBIC Bank Identifier CodeBICI Broadband Inter Carrier InterfaceBICS Beratungsstelle für informationstechnische Bildung und Computereinsatz in Schulen, BerlinBICS Binnenvaart Informatie en Communicatie SysteemBIDI BidirectionalBIDS Broadband Internet Delivery SystemBIFET Bipolar Field Effect TransistorBIFF Binary Interchange File FormatBIFS Binary Format For ScenesBIGFON Breitbandiges Integriertes Glasfaser-Fernmelde-OrtsnetzBILLI Buried Implanted Layer for Lateral IsolationBIM Begin of Information MarkerBIMOS Bipolar Metal Oxide SemiconductorBIN Bachelor of Information NetworkingBINAC Binary Automatic ComputerBIND Berkeley Internet Name DomainBINHEX Binary HexadecimalBION Believe It Or Not (Slang)BIOS Basic Input Output SystemBIP Basic Imaging ProfileBIP Bit-Interleaved ParityBIPM Bipartite Matching CodeBIPM Bureau International des Poids et MesuresBIPS Billions Instructions Per SecondBIS Bibliotheks- und InformationssystemBIS Business Information SystemBISDN Broadband/Breitband-ISDNBIST Built-In Self TestBISYNC Binary Synchronous Communication Protocol (IBM)BIT Base Item TypeBIT Basic Interconnection TestBIT Basic Interface TelephoneBIT Because It’s Time (network)BIT Binary DigitBIT Bipolar Integrated TechnologyBIT Board of Information TechnologyBIT Broadband Information TechnologyBIT Broadband Internet TerminalBIT Built-In Testing

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BIT Business and Information TechnologyBIT Business Internet TrendsBIT Bytecode Instrumenting ToolBITD Back In The Day (Slang)BITKOM Bundesverband Informationswirtschaft, Telekommunikation und Neue MedienBITNET Because It’s Time Network (ein NJE-Netz)BITNIC Bitnet Network Information CenterBITS Background Intelligent Transfer ServiceBITV Verordnung zur Schaffung barrierefreier Informationstechnik nach dem BehindertengleichstellungsgesetzBIU Basic Information UnitBIU Bus Interface UnitBIW Business Intelligence WarehouseBIX Byte Information Exchange (ein BBS)BJ BackjumpingBJC Bubblejet ColorBJOERN Balanced Job Execution on Remote NetworkBK Break InBK Breitbandkabel (auch BBK)BK BürokommunikationBKH Bekennender Konsolen-/Kommandozeilen-Heini (Slang)BKL Big Kernel LockBKS Bundesverband Kabel + SatellitBKZ Bereichskennzahl (Datex, Btx)BL BacklitBL BetriebslenkungBL Bit LineBLACS Basic Linear Algebra Communication RoutinesBLADE Basic Linear Algebra for Distributed EnvironmentsBLAM Binary Logarithmic Arbitration MethodBLAS Basic Linear Algebra SubroutinesBLAST Bell Labs Layered Space TimeBLAST Blocked Asynchronous Transmission (Protocol)BLC Beam Landing CorrectionBLE Branch if Less or EqualBLER Block Error RateBLERA Block Error Rate After RecordingBLERB Block Error Rate Before RecordingBLERT Block Error Rate TestBLI Business Logic IntegrationBLK Betriebs-Lenkungs-Konzentrator


BLK BlockBLLI Broadband Low Level InformationBLM Bayerische Landeszentrale für Neue Medien, MünchenBLMC Buried Logic MacrocellBLOB Binary Large ObjectBLOC Brutto Lines Of CodeBLOG (short for:) Weblog, World Wide Web LogbookBLOS Branch if Lower or SameBLR Beacon-Less RoutingBM BackmarkingBM Bitonic Merge (Graph, Netz)BM Burst ModeBM Byte Me (Slang)BMC Block Multiplex ChannelBMI Branch if MinusBMIC Bus Master Interface Controller (Intel)BMJ Backmarking with BackjumpingBMP Basic Mapping SupportBMP Basic Multilingual Plane (Unicode)BMP Batch Message Processing (Program)BMP BitmapBMPP Bulk Mail Preferences ProtocolBMPT Bundesministerium für Post- und TelekommunikationBMS Broadcast Message ServerBMUG Berkeley MacIntosh Users GroupBNA BundesnetzagenturBNC Baby N ConnectorBNC Bayonet Neill ConcelmanBNC Bayonet Nut CouplingBNC Brain Not Connected (Slang)BNE Branch if Not EqualBNEP Bluetooth Network Encapsulation ProtocolBNF Backus-Naur FormBNF Big Name Fan (Slang)BNFSCD But Now For Something Completely Different (Slang)BNI Before Next InteractionBNK Betriebsführungs-NetzknotenBNPF Begin Negative Positive FinishBNS Backbone Network ServiceBNS Broadband Network Services

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BNU Basic Network/Networking Utilities (uucp)BO Back OrificeBO Binary OutputBO Bit Oxide (Garbage)BOA Basic Object AdapterBOART Bus Oriented Asynchronous Receiver TransmitterBOB Box Of BitsBOB Break-Out BoxBOC Basic Operator ConsoleBOC Bell Operating CompanyBOD Bandwidth/Book On DemandBOF Begin Of FileBOF Birds Of a Feather (Slang)BOF Board of FellowsBOFH Bastard Operator From HellBOFS Birds Of a Feather Session (Slang)BOG BIND Operations GuideBOI Balkan/Baltic Olympiad in InformaticsBOINC Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network ComputingBOM Basic Online MemoryBOM Begin Of Message/MediaBOM Bill Of MaterialsBOM Business Object ModelBOM Byte Order MarkBON Business Object NotationBOND Bandwidth On DemandBONT Broadband Optical Network TerminationBOOM Binocular Omni-Oriented/Orientation MonitorBOOTP Bootstrap Protocol (Internet)BOP Begin Of Page/PartitionBOP Bit Oriented ProtocolBOPS Billion Operations Per SecondBOR Basic Output ReportBORE Broken Once Running EverywhereBORQU Borland QuattroBOS Basic Operating SystemBOS Basic OverSeer (Server)BOS Behörden und Organisationen mit SicherheitsaufgabenBOS Bottom Of StackBOSS Bharat Operating System Solutions


BOSS Business Office Servicing SystemBOT Back On Topic (Slang)BOT Begin Of Tape/Table/TransactionBP BandpassBP Base PointerBP BreakpointBPB BIOS Parameter BlockBPD Bank-Parameter-DateiBPD Border Protection DeviceBPDU Bridge Protocol Data UnitBPEL Business Process Execution LanguageBPF Band Pass FilterBPF Berkeley Packet FilterBPF Breakpoint FunctionBPH Break Permitted HereBPI bits per inchBPJM Bundesprüfstelle für jugendgefährdende MedienBPL BedienplatzBPL Branch if PlusBPL Broadband Over PowerlineBPL Bugs Per LineBPM BundespostministeriumBPM Business Performance ManagementBPM Business Process Management/ModellingBPO Business Process OutsourcingBPP Basic Printing ProfileBPP Binary Packing ProblemBPP Bits Per PixelBPP Bounded error, Probabilistic, Polynomial timeBPR Business Process ReengineeringBPS bits/bytes per secondBPSK Binary Phase Shift KeyingBPU Branch Prediction UnitBQP Bounded error, Quantum, Polynomial timeBQS Berkeley Quality SoftwareBR Bad RegisterBR Bit RateBRAM Broadcast Recognizing Access MethodBRAS Broadband Remote Access ServerBRB Be Right Back (Slang)

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BRD Blu-ray DiscBRE Basic Regular ExpressionBREAD Browse, Read, Edit, Add, DeleteBREP Boundary RepresentationBRGC Binary Reflected Gray CodeBRI Basic Rate Interface (ISDN)BRI Brain Response InterfaceBRIM Bridge Router Interface ModuleBRJ Bandwidth Change RejectBRL Ballistics Research LaboratoryBRQ Bandwidth Change RequestBRS Bibliographic Retrieval SystemBRS Big Red Switch (IBM PC)BRS Break Request SignalBRS Business Recovery Services (IBM)BS BackspaceBS Base StationBS BetriebssystemBS Bitonic Sort (Graph)BS Broadcast SatelliteBSA Bitstrom-AnschlussBSA Business Software AllianceBSAM Basic Sequential Access MethodBSB Blockate State BlockBSC Base Station ControllerBSC Binary Synchronous CommunicationsBSC Bisynchronous/Binary Synchronous Communication (IBM)BSC Boyan ScriptBSCW Basic Support for Cooperative WorkBSD Basic Standard DefinitonBSD Berkeley Software/Source/System Design/DistributionBSDL Boundary Scan Description LanguageBSF Bit Scan ForwardBSF But Seriously Folks (Slang)BSI British Standards InstituteBSI Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der InformationstechnikBSM Basic Storage ModuleBSM Bracket State ManagerBSMTP Batch Simple Message Transfer ProtocolBSOD Blue Screen Of Death


BSP Binary Space Partition/PartitioningBSP Bug Squashing PartyBSP Bulk Synchronous Parallel (Processing)BSP Byte Stream ProtocolBSR Betriebssystem für Reelle SpeicherBSR Bit Scan ReverseBSR Board of Standards Review (ANSI)BSRAM Burst Static Random Access MemoryBSS Base Station SubsystemBSS Basic Service Set (WLAN)BSS Blank Storage SpaceBSS Blind Source SeparationBSS Block Started by SymbolBSS Block Storage SegmentBSS Broadband Switching SystemBSS Business Support SystemBSSID Basic Service Set IdentifierBST Binary Search TreeBSU Basic Striping UnitBSV Betriebssystem für Virtuelle AdressierungBSY BusyBSYNC Binary Synchronous Communications (Protocol)BT Bit TestBT BluetoothBT British Telecom/TelecommunicationsBT Burst ToleranceBTA But Then Again (Slang)BTAC Branch Target Address CacheBTAIM Be That As It May (Slang)BTAM Basic Telecommunication Access Method (IBM)BTB Branch Target BufferBTC Bit Test and ComplementBTC Biting The Carpet (Slang)BTC Broadband Transfer CapabilityBTDT Been There Done That (Slang)BTHOM Beats The Hell Outta Me (Slang)BTI British Telecom InternationalBTI Business Type IdentifierBTIC But Then, I’am Crazy (Slang)BTK Back To Keyboard (Slang)

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BTL Bell Telephone LaboratoriesBTLB Block TLBBTMA Busy Tone Multiple AccessBTO Built To OrderBTOA Binary To ASCIIBTP Banana Tree ProtocolBTP Batch Transfer ProgramBTP Business Transaction ProtocolBTR Bit Test and ResetBTRFS B-Tree File SystemBTS Base Transceiver Station/SystemBTS Bit Test and SetBTS Bug Tracking SystemBTSOOM Beats The Shit Out Of Me (Slang)BTU Basic Transmission UnitBTW By The Way (Slang)BTX Balanced Technology ExtendedBTX BildschirmtextBU Branch UnitBUAF Big Ugly ASCII FontBUAG Big Ugly ASCII GraphicBUBL Bulletin Board for LibrariesBUCS Budgeting and Computing SystemBUF BufferBUMS Broadband Unified Messaging SystemBUP Backup (file)BUP Buffer Underrun ProtectionBUS Bild und SchriftBUS Binary Utility SystemBUS Broadcast and Unknown ServerBUUG Belgian UNIX Users GroupBVB Bundesverband Informations- und KommunikationssystemeBVD Boot Volume DescriptorBVDM Bundesverband Druck und MedienBVDW Bundesverband Digitale WirtschaftBVH Base Video HandlerBVIT Bundesverband Informationstechnologien, BonnBVSE Bundesverband für Sekundärrohstoffe und EntsorgungBVSI Bundesverband der Selbständigen in der InformatikBVV Bundesverband Audiovisuelle Medien


BW BandwidthBWA Broadband Wireless AccessBWF Broadcast Wave FormatBWIN Breitband Wissenschafts-NetzBWM Block Write ModeBWQ Buzz Word QuotientBWSN Baden-Württembergisches SchulnetzBWT Broadband Wireless TechnologyBWT Burrows Wheeler TransformationBYKT But You Knew That (Slang)BYP BypassBZ BetriebszentraleBZR BefehlzählregisterBZT Bundesamt für Zulassungen in der TelekommunikationBZV Bargeldloser/Belegorientierter ZahlungsverkehrBZV Befristeter ZählervergleichBZVD Beratungszentrum für Videokonferenzdienste, Dresden

C Cable, Communication, Computer, Conference, ControlC2C Consumer To ConsumerC2CC Car To Car CommunicationC2D Character To DecimalC3I Command, Control, Communication, IntelligenceC4 Command, Control, Communication + ComputersCA CableCA Call AgentCA Cellular AutomatonCA Certification AuthorityCA Collision AvoidanceCA Common ApplicationsCA Computer AnimationCA Computer AssociatesCA Conditional AccessCAA Computer Aided Assembling/Anthropometrics/AnimationCAAD Computer Aided Architectural DesignCAB Cabinet (Microsoft)CAB Compressed Application BinaryCAB Computer Aided BreakfastCAC Carrier/Channel Access Code

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CAC Computer Aided Consulting/Computing/Creativity/Christmas/CrimeCAC Connection Admission ControlCACLS Change Line Access Control ListsCACM Communications of the ACMCAD Class Association DiagramCAD Computer Aided Design/DetectionCAD Computer Aided DinnerCADAM Computer Aided Design And ManufacturingCADAPSO Canadian Assosciation of Data Processing OrganizationsCADD Computer Aided Design and DraftingCADD Computer Aided Drug DesignCADE Client/Server Application Development EnvironmentCADE Computer Aided Data EntryCADEP Computer Aided Design of Electronic ProductsCADIC Computer Aided Design of Integrated CircuitsCADIS Computer Aided Design Interactive System (Siemens)CADMAT Computer Aided Design, Manufacturing and TestingCADMOS Computerorientiertes Administrations- und OrganisationssystemCADOS Computer Aided Design of SystemsCAE Client Application EnablerCAE Common Applications EnvironmentCAE Computer Aided/Assisted EducationCAE Computer Aided EngineeringCAEN Chemically Assembled Electronic NanocomputerCAEX Computer Aided ExplorationCAF Computer Aided FishingCAF Computer and Academic FreedomCAFE Conditional Access For EuropeCAFM Computer Aided Facilities ManagementCAG Chassis Air GuideCAG Column Adress GeneratorCAH Computer Aided Holidays/Homework/HausaufgabenCAHN Cellular Assisted Heterogeneous NetworkingCAI Common Air InterfaceCAI Computer Aided IndustryCAI Computer Aided InspirationCAI Computer Aided/Assisted InstructionCAIN Controlled Access by Individual NumberCAIR Comprehensive Assessment Information RuleCAIRN Collaborative Advanced Interagency Research Network


CAIRS Computerized Accident/Incident Reporting SystemCAIS Common APSE Interface SetCAIT Computer Aided Inspection and TestingCAK Computer-Anwendungen KarlsruheCAL Client Access LicenseCAL Common Assembly LanguageCAL Computer Aided Life/Learning/LunchCAL Computer Animation LanguageCAL Conversational Algebraic LanguageCALAS Computer Aided Laboratory Automation SystemCALC Customer Access Line ChargeCALEA Communications Assistance for/to Law Enforcement ActCALIES Computer Aided Locomotion by Implanted Electrical StimulationCALL Computer Aided/Assisted Language LearningCALLE Control Application Link Layer EngineeringCALM Collected Algorithms for Learning MachinesCALS Continuous Acquisition and Lifecycle SupportCALTECH California Institute of TechnologyCAM Central Address MemoryCAM Common/Communication Access MethodCAM Computer Aided Machining/ManufacturingCAM Concentrator/Conditional Access ModuleCAM Conditional Access ModuleCAM Content Addressable/Addressed MemoryCAMAC Computer Automated Measurement And ControlCAMD Computer Aided Molecular DesignCAMEL Computer Assisted Education LanguageCAML Categorial Abstract Machine LanguageCAMP Compiler for Automatic Machine ProgrammingCAMP Computer Assisted Movie ProductionCAN Campus/Communications/Complete Area NetworkCAN CancelCAN Cancel LineCAN Car Area NetworkCAN Community Alert NetworkCAN Content Addressable NetworkCAN Controller Area NetworkCAN Customer Access NetworkCANAL Catalog with Natural Language AccessCANS Computer Assisted Network System

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CANUNET Canadian University Computer NetworkCAO Computer Aided Administration and OrganizationCAO Computer Aided OptimizationCAP Calendar Access ProtocolCAP Carrierless Amplitude Modulation/Phase ModulationCAP Central Arbitration PointCAP Columbia AppleTalk PackageCAP Common Alerting ProtocolCAP Communication Application PlatformCAP Competitive Access ProviderCAP Computer Aided Planning/Production/PublishingCAP Computer Application ProfileCAP Computing for Analysis ProjectCAP Content Access PointCAP Continuous Audit ProgramCAP CTM Access ProfileCAPD Computer To Assist Persons with DisabilitiesCAPE Computer Aided Pattern EngineeringCAPE Concurrent Art-to-Product EnvironmentCAPI Common ISDN Application Programming InterfaceCAPI Communication Application Program InterfaceCAPP Carrierless Amplitude PhaseCAPP Computer Aided Printing and PublishingCAPP Computer Aided Process/Production PlanningCAPP Computer Applications ProgramCAPP Computer Assisted Payment ProcessingCAPPC Computer Aided Production Planning and ControlCAPPP Computer Aided Process and Production PlanningCAPS Capitals (Großbuchstaben)CAPS Cassette Programming SystemCAPS Computer Assisted Problem SolvingCAPSC Computer Aided Production Scheduling and ControlCAPTAIN Character and Pattern Telephon Access Information NetworkCAPTCHA Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans ApartCAQ Computer Aided Quality Assurance/ControlCAR Committed Access RateCAR Computer Assisted RadiologyCAR Channel Address RegisterCAR Compressed Audio RecordingCAR Computer Aided Retrieval


CARA Computer Aided Radio AmateurCARAM Content Addressable Random Access MemoryCARD Cluster Aware Remote DiskCARDIS Cargo Data Interchange SystemCARE Computer Aided Reliability EstimationCARE Computer Aided Reverse EngineeringCARL Chemisches Aufweiten von Resist-Linien (Siemens)CARL Colorado Alliance of Research LibrariesCARLOS Cancer Registry Lower SaxonyCARO Computer Anti-Virus Research OrganizationCARP Caching RSS ParserCARP Common Address Redundancy ProtocolCARS Computer Aided Risc SimulationCARS Computer Aided Routing SystemCARS Computer Assisted Radiology and SurgeryCART Computer Assisted Radar TomographyCAS Collision Avoidance SystemCAS Column Address Select/StrobeCAS Communicating Applications SpecificationCAS Computer Aided Selling/Service/StylingCAS Computer Algebra SystemCAS Conditional/Control/Communication Access SystemCASC Coalition for Academic Supercomputer CentersCASD Computer Aided System DesignCASE Common Applications Service ElementCASE Computer Aided Software EngineeringCASE Computer Aided System EvaluationCASL Common Algebraic Specification LanguageCASL Crosstalk Application Scripting LanguageCASS Computer Assisted Search ServiceCASS Computer Assisted Surveillance SystemCASSIS Classified And Search Support Information SystemCAST Center for Applied Security Technology, DarmstadtCAST Center for Applied Special TechnologyCAST Competence Center for Applied Security TechnologyCAST Computer Aided Software TestingCAT CategoryCAT Character Assignment TableCAT Chordal Axis TransformationCAT Common Allocation Table

175

CAT Common Authentication TechnologyCAT Computer Adaptive TestCAT Computer Aided Teaching/Testing/Telecommunication/Translation/TransscriptionCAT Computerized Axial TomographyCAT ConcatenateCAT Conditionally Accepted TagCATIA Computer Graphic Aided Three Dimensional Interactive ApplicationCATNIP Common Architecture for Next Generation Internet ProtocolCATP Computer Aided Technical PublishingCATS Computer Aided/Assisted Teaching/Tracking/Training SystemCATS Computer Aided Telephony ServicesCATS Computer Automated Test SystemCATT China Academy of Telecommunication TechnologyCATV Cable TelevisionCATV Common/Community Antenna TelevisionCAU Command and Arithmetic UnitCAU Control/Controlled/Concentrator Access UnitCAUCE Coalition Against Unsolicited Commercial EmailCAV Computer Aided VerificationCAV Constant Angular VelocityCAVE Cave/Computer Automatic Virtual EnvironmentCAVE Computer Aided Vision EngineeringCAW Channel Address WordCB Call BackCB Cell BroadcastCB Citizens’ BandCBA Compare and Branch AnywayCBA Computational Biology ActivityCBA Computer Based Assessment/AutomationCBA Computer Battery AnalyzerCBA Current Buffer/Byte AddressCBAC Context Based Access ControlCBC Canadian Broadcasting CorporationCBC Cipher Block ChainingCBCR Channel Byte Count RegisterCBDS Connectionless Broadband Data ServiceCBDTPA Consumer Broadband and Digital Television Promotion ActCBE Cell Broadband EngineCBEFF Common Biometric Exchange Format FrameworkCBEMA Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers’ Association


CBGA Ceramic Ball Grid ArrayCBI Charles Babbage InsituteCBI Computer Based Instruction/InstrumentationCBI Crossbar InterfaceCBIP Compressed Binaries IBM PCCBIP Current Book In ProgressCBIR Content Based Image RetrievalCBIRS Content Based Image Retrieval SystemCBJ Conflict-directed BackjumpingCBL Communication By LightCBL Computer Based LearningCBMS Computer Based Mail SystemCBN Community Based NetworkCBO Coupling Between Object ClassesCBQ Class Based QueuingCBR CAS before RASCBR Constant/Continuous Bit RateCBR Content Based RetrievalCBS Crossbar SwitchCBT Computer Based TrainingCBT Core Based TreeCBW Convert Byte to WordCBX Computer-controlled/Computerized Branch ExchangeCC Cable ConnectorCC Call/Communication CenterCC Carbon CopyCC Chain/Channel CommandCC Classification CodeCC Cluster/Communications ControllerCC Common Criteria (for IT Security Evaluation)CC Condition Command/CodeCC Congestion ControlCC Connected ClientCC Country CodeCC Coupled ChannelCC Creative CommonsCC CrossconnectCC Cursor ControlCC Cyclic CheckCCA Clear Channel Assessment

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CCA Copy Control AssociationCCB Change Control BoardCCB Channel Command/Control BlockCCB Cyclic Check ByteCCBS Completion of Call to Busy SubscriberCCC Ceramic Chip CarrierCCC Change and Configuration ControlCCC Chaos Computer Club, HamburgCCC Computer Chess CompetitionCCC Conference Control ChannelCCC Credit Card CallingCCCB Command, Control, Communications in BuildingsCCCH Common Control ChannelCCD Charge Coupled DeviceCCD Class Communication DiagramCCE Configuration Control ElementCCF Central Computing FacilityCCF Chain Command FlagCCF Common Channel FrameworkCCFCC Computer Coordinated Family Communcation and CooperationCCFL Cold Cathode Fluorescent LampCCFT Cold Cathode Fluorescent TubeCCI Common Client InterfaceCCI Copy Control InformationCCIA Computer + Communications Industry AssociationCCID Call Correlation IdentifierCCID Computers, Communications, Information DisseminationCCID Corporate Customer Inforamtion DatabaseCCIE Cisco Certified Internetwork ExpertCCIR Comite Consultatif International des RadiocommunicationsCCIRN Committee for Intercontinental Research NetworksCCIS Command and Control Information SystemCCIS Common Channel Interoffice SignalingCCITT Comite Consultatif International de Telegraphie et de TelephonieCCK Centre de Calcul El Khawarizmi, TunisCCK Communication Commission of KenyaCCK Complementary Code KeyingCCK Computerclub KamenCCL Closed Conference LoopCCL Commerce Control List


CCL Common Command LanguageCCL Connection/Cursor Control LanguageCCL Corel Contractual LicensingCCL Creative Commons LicenseCCLC Carrier Common Line ChargeCCLF Cold Cathode Fluorescence LightCCM Color Management SystemCCM Computer Controlled ManufacturingCCM CORBA Component Mode/ModelCCM Counter with CBC-MacCCN Cluster ControllerCCN Cordless Communication NetworkCCNA Cisco Certified Network AssociateCCNG Computer Communications Networks GroupCCNP Cisco Certified Network ProfessionalCCNR Completion of Call on No ReplyCCNUMA Cache Coherent NUMACCP CAN Calibration ProtocolCCP Certified Computing ProfessionalCCP Compression Control ProtocolCCP Concurrent Constraint ProgrammingCCP Console/Communications Command/Control Processor/ProgramCCPP Composite Capability Preference ProfileCCR Center for Communications ResearchCCR Command and Control ResearchCCR Commitment, Concurrency, Recovery (OSI)CCR Current Cell RateCCRN Coordinating Council on Research NetworksCCS CAPI Connection ServiceCCS Closely Coupled SystemCCS Colour Calibration SystemCCS Common Channel SignallingCCS Common Command Set (SCSI)CCS Common Communication Services/SupportCCS Computing Classification SystemCCS Continuos Composite ServoCCS Cryptographic ChecksumCCSA Checkpoint Certified Security AdministratorCCSA Common Control Switching ArrangementCCSB The Collection of Computer Science Bibliographies, Karlsruhe

179

CCSD Cellular Circuit-Switched DataCCSE Checkpoint Certified Security EngineerCCSID Coded Character Set Identifier (IBM)CCSIS Community College Student Information SystemCCSP Contextually Communicating Sequential ProcessCCSS7 Common Channel Signalling System No. 7CCSY Cooperative Computing System ProgramCCT Computerized Communication TerminalCCTLD Country Code Top Level DomainCCTV Closed Circuit TelevisionCCU Central Communication/Control UnitCCU Communications Control UnitCCU Customer Control UnitCCUT Computer Center at the University of TokyoCCVP Cisco Certified Voice ProfessionalCCVR Centre de Calcul Vectoriel pour la RechercheCCW Channel Command WordCCW Coherent Continuous WaveCCW Continuous Composite Write (Once Disc)CCX Cisco Compatible ExtensionCD Call DeflectionCD Carrier DetectCD Chained DataCD Change Direction/DirectoryCD Collision DetectionCD Colour DisplayCD Committee Document (ISO)CD Compact DiskCD Control DataCD-R Compact Disk RecordableCD-RW Compact Disk Re-WritableCDA Clinical Document ArchitectureCDA Communications Decency ActCDA Compact Disk Audio (track)CDA Compound Document Architecture (DEC)CDAS Control and Data Acquisition SystemCDATA Character DataCDB Consolidated DatabaseCDBT Compact Disk Based TrainingCDC Certificate Distribution Center


CDC Connected Device ConfigurationCDC Control Data Corporation (USA)CDC Cult of the Dead CowCDD Custom Debian DistributionCDDA Compact Disc Digital AudioCDDB Compact Disc Data BaseCDDI Copper Distributed Data InterfaceCDDL Common Development and Distribution License (Sun)CDE Common Desktop EnvironmentCDE Compact Disc ErasableCDE Complex Data EntryCDE Cooperative Development EnvironmentCDEV Control Panel DeviceCDF Channel Definition File/FormatCDF Comma Delimited FormatCDF Common Data File/FormatCDF Compound Document FrameworkCDF Context Dependent FileCDF Cyberspace Description FormatCDFS Compact Disc File SystemCDG Compact Disc GraphicalCDI Compact Disc InteractiveCDI Context Dependent InterchangeabilityCDIA Certified Document Imaging ArchitectCDIF Case Data Interchange FormatCDISC Clinical Data Interchange Standards ConsortiumCDL Computer Design LanguageCDM Code Division MultiplexCDM Compressed Data ModeCDMA Code Division Multiple AccessCDMF Commercial Data Masking FacilityCDN Content Delivery NetworkCDNC Chinese Domain Name ConsortiumCDO Collaboration Data ObjectCDOS Concurrent Disk Operating SystemCDP Certificate in Data ProcessingCDP Cisco Discovery ProtocolCDP Conditional Diphase (Encoding)CDPD Cellular Digital Packet DataCDR Call Detail Record/Recording

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CDR Common Data RepresentationCDR Compact Disk RecordableCDR Corel Draw FormatCDRA Character Data Representation ArchitectureCDRAM Cached Dynamic Random Access MemoryCDRDX Compact Disk Read Only Memory Data Exchange StandardCDRFS Compact Disc Recordable File SystemCDRL Contract Data Requirements ListCDROM Compact Disk Read Only MemoryCDROMXA CD-ROM Extended ArchitectureCDS Cactus Data ShieldCDS Cell Directory Service (OSF, DCE)CDS Class Data SharingCDS Cross Domain SolutionCDS Current Directory StructureCDSA Common Data Security Architecture (Initiative)CDSL Consumer Digital Subscriber LineCDSL Context Dependent Symbolic LinkCDT Center for Democracy and Technology (USA)CDTV Commodore Dynamic Total VisionCDTV Compact Disk TelevisionCDU Central Data UnitCDU Classification Decimale UniverselleCDU Code Distribution UnitCDU Computers Down UnderCDU Configuration Data UnitCDU Connectix Desktop UtilitiesCDU Control Data UnitCDV Compact Disk VideoCDV Cell Delay VariationCDVT Cell Delay Variation ToleranceCDWO Compact Disk Write OnceCE Cache/Chip/Convert EnableCE Clear EntryCE Collision EliminationCE Conformite Europeenne (Konformitätskennzeichen)CE Consumer ElectronicsCE Customer Edge (device)CEASA Cellular Emergency Alert Service AssociationCEATA Consumer Electronics Advanced Technology Attachment


CEB Comite Electrotechnique BelgeCEB Conditional End BracketCEBIT Centrum für Büro, Information und TelekommunikationCEBUS Consumer Electronics BusCEC Certified E-Commerce ConsultantCECC Electronic Components CommitteeCECMG Central Europe Computer Measurement GroupCECP Country Extended Code PageCEDEX Courrier d’entreprise distribution exceptionelleCEFIC EDIFACT-Subset Chemical IndustryCEG Continuous Edge GraphicsCEI Conducted Electromagnetic InterferenceCEIP Customer Experience Improvement ProgramCEK Content Encryption KeyCELP Card Edge Low ProfileCELP Code Excited Linear PredictionCELT Corpus of Electronic TextsCEM Common Evaluation MethodologyCEM Computational ElectromagneticsCEMEC Committee of European Associations of Manufacturers of Electronic ComponentsCEMM Compaq Expanded Memory ManagerCEMS Constituent Electronic Mail SystemCEN Comite Europeen de NormalisationCENELEC Comite Europeen de Normalisation ElectrotechniqueCENTR Council of European National Top level domain RegistriesCEO Chief Executive OfficerCEOI Central European Olympiad in InformaticsCEOP Conditional End Of PageCEP Connection End PointCEPEC Committee of European Associations of Manufacturers of Passive Electronic ComponentsCEPIS Council of European Professional Informatics SocietiesCEPT Conference Europeenne des Administrations des Postes et des TelecommunicationsCER Canonical Encoding RulesCER Cell Error RatioCERA Climate and Environmental Data Retrieval and ArchiveCERF California Education and Research Federation (network)CERN Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche NucleaireCERT Computer Emergency Response TeamCES Circuit Emulation ServiceCES Coast Earth Station

183

CES Consumer Electronics ShowCESC Component Encoding Stream ConstructionCESG Communications Electronics Security Group (UK)CESH Competence Center Electronic ShoppingCEST Central European Summer TimeCESU Compatibility Encoding Scheme for UTF (Unicode)CET Central European TimeCEV Commission on Electronic VotingCF Call ForwardingCF Compact Flash (Card)CF Compact FrameworkCFB Call Forwarding BusyCFB Cipher FeedbackCFB Configurable Function BlockCFD Call For Discussion (Usenet)CFD Computational Fluid DynamicsCFDP Coherent File Distribution Protocol (Internet)CFDPCLN Coherent File Distribution Protocol ClientCFDPTKT Coherent File Distribution Protocol TicketCFE Common Firmware EnvironmentCFE Connected Family EnvironmentCFG ConfigurationCFH COBOL File HandlerCFI Canonical Format IndicatorCFL Context Free LanguageCFM Clock From MasterCFM Code Fragment ManagerCFM Common Functional ModelCFM Configuration ManagementCFML Cold Fusion Markup LanguageCFNR Call Forward/Forwarding on No Reply/ResponseCFOR Conversational FORTRANCFP Call For ProposalCFP Computer, Freedom and PrivacyCFP Content/Contention Free PeriodCFR Computerized Facial RecognitionCFR Controlled Ferro Resonant (-USV)CFRI California Federation of Research InternetsCFS Caching/Central/Common/Cryptographic File SystemCFS Completely Fair Scheduler


CFT Chirp Fourier TransformCFT Cray Fortran CompilerCFTT Computer Forensics Tool TestingCFU Call Forwarding UnconditionalCFV Call For Votes (Usenet)CG Computer GraphicsCG Control GateCG Core GatewayCG Cyclic GroupCGA Color Graphics Adapter (PC)CGAL Computational Geometry Algorithm LibraryCGATS Committee for Graphic Arts Technologies StandardsCGE (Linux) Carrier Grade EditionCGE Common Graphics EnvironmentCGE Compagnie General d’ElectriciteCGI Common Gateway InterfaceCGI Common/Composite/Computer Graphics InterfaceCGI Computer Generated Image/ImageryCGL Carrier Grade LinuxCGM Computer Graphics MetafileCGMIF Computer Graphics Metafile Interchange FormatCGMS Copy Generation Management SystemCGPP Computer Grahics: Principles and Practise (by Fowley)CGS Common Graphics SystemCGS Computer Graphics SocietyCGS Continuous Grain SiliconCGS International Computer Graphics SocietyCGU Computer Graphics UnitCGW Customer/Campus GatewayCH Cyclic HeaderCHAOS Cheap Array of Obsolete SystemsCHAP Cryptographic/Challenge Handshake Authentication ProtocolCHARM Character ModeCHAT Conversational Hypertext Access TechnologyCHCK Channel CheckCHCP Change Code PageCHDD Certified Help Desk DirectorCHDD Cockpit Head Down DisplayCHE Channel Hot ElectronCHI Computer Human Interaction/Interface

185

CHIC Constraint Handling in Industry and CommerceCHIL Computers in the Human Interaction LoopCHIL Current Hogging Injection LogicCHILD Computer Having Intelligent Learning and DevelopmentCHILL CCITT High Level LanguageCHIPS Clearinghouse Interbank Payments SystemCHKPT CheckpointCHL Current Hogging LogicCHM Cooperative HypermediaCHOP Channel OperatorCHPC Center for High Performance ComputingCHR CharacterCHR Constraint Handling RulesCHRP Common Hardware Reference PlatformCHS Cylinders, Heads, SectorsCHTML Compact/Compressed Hypertext Markup LanguageCHV Card Holder ValueCI Call IntrusionCI Coded InformationCI Command InterpreterCI Common/Component/Computer InterfaceCI Communications IntegratorCI Computational IntelligenceCI Computer Interconnect/InterfaceCI Congestion IndicatorCI Continuous IntegrationCI Control and IndicationCIA Computer Interface AdapterCIA CAN In AutomationCIA Current Instruction AddressCIAC Computer Incident Advisory CapabilityCIAM Computerized Integrated and Automatic ManufacturingCIAO Component-Integrated ACE ORBCIB Computer Integrated Building/BureaucracyCIC Carrier Identification CodeCIC Certified IT ConsultantCIC Committee on Institutional CooperationCIC Coordination and Information Center (CSNet)CIC Computing Information CenterCIC Computing, Information + Communications


CICA Center of Innovative Computer ApplicationsCICS Customer Information Control System (IBM)CID Charge Injection DeviceCID Conference IdentifierCID Configuration, Installation, DistributionCID Customer IdentifierCIDAS Conversational Interactive Digital Analog SimulatorCIDIF Centre International pour le Developpement de l’Inforoute en FrancaisCIDP Computer Industry Development PotentialCIDR Classless Inter/Internet Domain RoutingCIE Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (Farbmodell)CIELAB Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage LAB (Farbmodell)CIEXYZ Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage XYZ (Farbmodell)CIEDS Computer Integrated Electron Design SeriesCIF Cell in FramesCIF Computer Integrated FacilitiesCIF Common Intermediate FormatCIF Customer Information FeedCIFS Common Insecurity Fail ScrutinyCIFS Common Internet File System (Protocol)CIIN Corporate Integrated Information NetworkCIIR Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval, Mass.CIK Crypto-Ignition KeyCIL Common Intermediate LanguageCIL Computer Inoperative LimitsCIL Computerintegrierte LogistikCIM Common Information ModelCIM CompuServe Information ManagerCIM Computer Input MicrofilmCIM Computer Integrated ManufacturingCIM Custom Install ManagerCINT Call InterceptionCIO Central Imagery OfficeCIO Chief Information OfficerCIOCS Communication Input/Output Control System (IBM)CIOS Communication Institute for Online ScholarshipCIP Catalogue Interoperability ProtocolCIP Catalogue/Cataloguing In Publication/PublishingCIP Classical IPCIP Command Interface Port

187

CIP Common Indexing ProtocolCIP Common ISDN Access ProfileCIP Compatible Independent PeripheralsCIP Computer Aided Intuition Guided ProgrammingCIP Computer-Investitionsprogramm des Bundes und der LänderCIP Concert Internet PlusCIP Constraint Imperative ProgrammingCIPA Children’s Internet Protection ActCIPE Cryptographic Internet Protocol EncapsulationCIPP Contexts, Input, Processes + ProductsCIPR Commission on Intellectual Property RightsCIPS Canadian Information Processing SocietyCIPSO Commercial/Common Internet Protocol Security OptionCIR Classless Interdomain RoutingCIR Committed Information/Interface RateCIRC Circular ReferenceCIRC Cross Interleaved Reed Solomon CodeCIRSC Cross Interleave Solomon CodeCIS CALEA Implementation SectionCIS Card Information StructureCIS Cascade Inline ScriptingCIS CASE Integration ServicesCIS Center for Internet SecurityCIS Client Information Server/SystemCIS Compact Image SensorCIS Computer Information SystemCIS CompuServe Information ServiceCIS Computational and Information SciencesCIS Contact Image SensorCIS Computerized Information ServiceCIS Customer Information SystemCISAC Confederation Internationale des Societes d’Auteurs et CompositeursCISAM C-Index Sequential Access MethodCISC Complex Instruction Set Computer/CodeCISE Computer and Information Science and Engineering DirectorateCISKA Campus Informationssystem der Universität KarlsruheCISPR Comite International Special des Perturbations RadioelectriquesCIT California Institute of TechnologyCIT Communications Improvement TeamCIT Company Integrated Telephony


CIT Computer Integrated Telephone/TelephonyCITAB Computer Instruction and Training Assistance for the BlindCITED Copyright In Transmitted Electronic DocumentsCITIS Contractor Integrated Technical Information ServiceCITSF Commission Internationale de Telegraphie Sans FilCIVR Computer and Interactive Voice ResponseCIW Certified Internet WebmasterCIX Central/Commercial Internet ExchangeCIX Compulink Information ExchangeCIX Commercial Internet Exchange (Association)CJKV Chinese - Japanese - Korean - VietnameseCJLI Command Job Language InterpreterCK ClockCKD Count Key DataCKE Clock EnableCKSM ChecksumCL Closed LoopCL Computational LinguisticsCL Connectionless ServiceCL Control LanguageCL Current LicenseCL Cycle LengthCLAA Carry Look Ahead AdderCLAG Carry Look Ahead GeneratorCLAMS Common Los Alamos Mathematical SoftwareCLAR Channel Local Address RegisterCLASP Computer Language for Aeronautics and Space ProgrammingCLASS Client Access to Systems and ServicesCLASS Custom Local Area Signalling ServiceCLB Component Load BalancingCLC Capacity Limiting ConstituentsCLC Clear Carry FlagCLC Computing Learning CenterCLCC Closed Loop Congestion ControlCLCS Current Logic Current SwitchingCLD Clear Direction FlagCLDATA Cutter Location DataCLDC Connected Limited Device ConfigurationCLDR Common Locale Data RepositoryCLE Certified Linux Engineer/Expert

189

CLEC Competitive Local Exchange CarrierCLEF European Commercial Licensed Evaluation FacilitiesCLEO Classified Energy Online (database)CLF Common Log (File) FormatCLH Command Line HistoryCLI Call Level InterfaceCLI Calling Line IdentificationCLI Clear Interrupt (flag)CLI Client Library InterfaceCLI Command Line Interface/InterpreterCLI Common Language Infrastructure/Interface/InterpreterCLIB C LibraryCLIC Chemnitzer Linux ClusterCLICS Computer Linked Information for Container ShippingCLID Calling Line IdentificationCLIP Calling Line Identification PresentationCLIR Calling/Connected Line Identification RestrictionCLIST Command ListCLK ClockCLL Corel License for LearningCLLM Consolidated Link Layer ManagementCLMP Connectionless-Mode Network ProtocolCLNP Connectionless Network Protocol (OSI)CLNS Connectionless Mode Network ServiceCLO Class Option (LaTeX)CLOB Character Large ObjectCLOE Common LISP Operating EnvironmentCLOO Reverse Object Oriented Logical ChannelCLOS Common LISP Object SystemCLOWN Cluster Of Working NodesCLP Cell Loss Payload/PriorityCLP ClipboardCLP Constraint Logic ProgrammingCLPPCRE Common Lisp Portable Perl Compatible Regular ExpressionsCLR Cell Loss RatioCLR ClearCLR Common Language RuntimeCLR Computer Language ResearchCLRTC Clear Real Time ClockCLS Clear Screen


CLS Common Language SupportCLS Connectionless ServerCLSID Class IdentifierCLT Communcations Line TerminalCLT Computer Language TranslatorCLTD Clock and Tones DistributionCLTP Connectionless Transport Protocol (OSI)CLTS Clear Task Switch FlagCLTS Connectionless Transport ServiceCLTV Constant Linear Time VelocityCLU Central Logic UnitCLUF Contrat de Licence Utilisateur FinalCLUI Command Line User InterfaceCLUT Colour Look-up TableCLV Ceiling Limit ValueCLV Constant Linear VelocityCLW Certified Linux WizardCM Central MemoryCM Communications Manager (IBM)CM Compilation ManagerCM Configuration ManagementCM Connection MachineCM Control MarkCM Corrective MaintenanceCMA Concert Multi-thread ArchitectureCMAK Connection Manager Administration KitCMAN Cluster ManagerCMAR Control Memory Address RegisterCMB Common Management BusCMC Common Mail/Messaging CallCMC Communication Management ConfigurationCMC Complement Carry FlagCMC Computer Mediated CommunicationCMC Construction Maintenance CenterCMD Circuit Mode DataCMD CommandCMDF C Memo Distribution FacilityCMDS Computer Misuse Detection SystemCME Center for Media EducationCME Common Malware Enumeration

191

CME Core Managed EnvironmentCMF Command FileCMF Creative Music FormatCMGR Campus/Connection ManagerCMH Cross My Heart (Slang)CMIIW Correct Me If I’m Wrong (Slang)CMIP Common Management Information Protocol (OSI)CMIS Common Management Information Services/SystemCML Chemical/Commodore Markup LanguageCML Conceptual Modelling LanguageCML Concurrent MetalanguageCML Configuration Menu LanguageCML Context Modelling LanguageCML Current Mode LogicCMM Capability Maturity ModelCMM Color Management ModuleCMM Computerized Measurement MachineCMMI Capability Maturity Model IntegratedCMML Continuous Media Markup LanguageCMMS Computerized Maintenance Management SoftwareCMMU Cache Memory Management UnitCMOL CMIP Over LLCCMOS Coats-Mellon Operational SpecificationCMOS Complementary Metal Oxide SemiconductorCMOT Common Management Information Protocol over TCP/IPCMOV Conditional Move (and Compare Instructions)CMP Cellular/Chip-integrated Multi-ProcessingCMP Configuration Management PlanCMPS Compare Word StringCMPT CAPI Message Control ProtocolCMR Cell Misinsertion RateCMR Corporate Message RecoveryCMS Call Management ServerCMS Code/Color/Connection/Content Management SystemCMS Compiler Monitor SystemCMS Content Management SystemCMS Conversational Monitor System (IBM)CMS Cryptographic Message SyntaxCMT Cellular Mobile TelephoneCMT Chip Multi Threading


CMT Configuration Management ToolCMT Connection ManagementCMTP CAPI Message Transport ProtocolCMTS Cable Modem Termination SystemCMU Carnegie-Mellon-University, Pittsburgh, USACMVC Configuration Management and Version Control (IBM)CMW Compartment Mode WorkstationCMX Communication Method SINIX (Siemens)CMY cyan, magenta, yellow (Farbmodell)CMYK cyan, magenta, yellow, key/black (Farbmodell)CN Comfort NoiseCN Corporate NetworkCNA Certified NetWare/Network AdministratorCNA Customer Name and AddressCNAME Canonical Name (Record)CNAPS Co-Processing Node Architecture for Parallel SystemsCNASI Centre for Networked Access to Scholarly Information (Australien)CNB Collective NotebookCNC Complete Network CentreCNC Computerized Numerical ControlCND Calling Number DeliveryCND Caldera Network DesktopCNE Certified NetWare Engineer/Expert (Novell)CNET Centre National d’Etudes des Telecommunications, ParisCNF Chomsky Normal FormCNF ConfigurationCNG Calling (tone)CNG Comfort Noise GenerationCNG Complete No-GoodCNI Centre National d’InformatiqueCNI Certified NetWare Instructor (Novell)CNI Coalition for Networked InformationCNI Communications Network InternationalCNID Calling Number IdentificationCNIDR Clearinghouse for Networked Information Discovery and RetrievalCNIL Commission Nationale de l’Informatique et des LibertesCNIP Calling Name Identification PresentationCNIR Calling/Connected Name Identification RestrictionCNL C Numerical LibraryCNM Customer Network Management

193

CNMA Communications Network for Manufacturing ApplicationCNN Cable News NetworkCNN Composite Network NodeCNNIC China Network Imformation CenterCNP Corporate Network ProviderCNR Carrier to Noise RatioCNR Communications and Networking RiserCNR Composite Noise RatioCNRI Corporation for National Research InitiativesCNRP Common Name Resolution ProtocolCNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Frankreich)CNS Color Naming SystemCNS Communications Network SystemCNSS Core Nodal Switching Subsystem (Internet)CNT Carbon Nano TubeCNT Central Networking TestbedCNX Certified NetWare/Network ExpertCO Call OfferCO Central OfficeCO Chief OperatorCO Command OutputCO Communication OutletCO Convert OutCO Crystal OscillatorCOA Care Of AddressCOA Certificate Of AuthenticityCOA Compound Online Analytical Processing ArchitectureCOAM Customer Owned And MaintainedCOARA Communication of Oita Amateur Research AssociationCOAST Card On A StickCOAST Computer Operations, Audit and Security TechnologyCOB Chip On BoardCOBOL Common Business Oriented LanguageCOC Coded Optical CharacterCOCOT Customer Owned Coin Operated TelephoneCOD Capacity On DemandCOD Code (list)CODASYL Committee/Conference on Data System LanguagesCODE Client Server Open Development EnvironmentCODEC Coder/Decoder


CODEC Compression/DecompressionCODINE Computing in Distributed Networked EnvironmentsCODIT Code Division TestbedCOE Central Office EquipmentCOE Common Operating EnvironmentCOEDS Common Event Database SystemCOEM Commercial Original Equipment ManufacturerCOFDM Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division MultiplexCOFF Common Object File FormatCOGO Coordinate Geometry (Language)COIN Console Interrupt RequestCOINS Computer Output Information SystemCOL Caldera Open LinuxCOL CollisionCOL Computer Oriented LanguageCOLA comp.os.linux.announce (Newsgroup)COLD Computer Output to Laser DiscCOLL CollisionCOLP Connected Line Identification PresentationCOLR Connected Line Identification RestrictionCOLT Communications Line TerminatorCOLT Computer Oriented Language TranslatorCOLT Control Language TranslatorCOM CommandCOM commercial; Internet-Domain: Firmen in USACOM Common/Component Object ModelCOM CommunicationCOM Component Object ModelCOM Computer Output MicrofilmCOM Continuation Of MessageCOMAL Common Algorithmic LanguageCOMDEX Computer Dealers’ ExpositionCOMET Cornell Macintosh Terminal EmulatorCOMHED Common HeaderCOMINT Communications IntelligenceCOMM CommunicationsCOMMS Customer Oriented Manaufacturing Management SystemCOMP CompareCOMPACT Computer Planning and Control TechniqueCOMPSAC International Computer Software and Applications Conference

195

COMSAT Communications Satellite CorporationCOMSEC Communications SecurityCOMSL Communications System Simulation LanguageCOMSOAL Computer Method of Sequencing Operations for Assembly LinesCOMTRAN Commercial Translator (IBM)CON ConsoleCOND ConditionCONF Conference, ConfigurationCONP Connected Name Identification PresentationCONP Connection Oriented Network ProtocolCONS Connection Oriented Network ServiceCONTU Commission On New Technological Uses of Copyrighted WorksCOO Chief Operating OfficerCOOL Control Oriented LanguageCOP Constrained Optimization ProblemCOP CPU Overheating ProtectionCOPA Child Online Protection ActCOPE Communications Opportunity, Promotion and Enhancement (Act)COPE Computer Performance EvaluationCOPICS Communications Oriented Production Information and Control SystemCOPS Common Open Policy ServiceCOPS Computer Oracle and Password SystemCOR Common Object RuntimeCORAL Computer Online Real-Time Applications LanguageCORBA Common Object Request Broker ArchitectureCORE Common Runtime EnvironmentCORE Council of Registrars (Internet)CORNET Corporate ISDN Network ProtocolCOS Card/Cray Operating SystemCOS Class of ServiceCOS Compatible Operation SystemCOS Complementary SwitchingCOS Corporation for Open Systems (OSI)COS Custom Order SpecificationCOSE Combined Office Standard EnvironmentCOSE Common Open Software/Systems EnvironmentCOSINE Cooperation for OSI Networking in EuropeCOSMIC Computer Software Management and Information Center (NASA)COSMOS Complementary Symmetric Metal Oxide SemiconductorCOSMOS Computer Oriented System for Management Order Synthesis


COSMOS Computer System for Mainframe OperationsCOSN Consortium for School NetworkingCOSO Charge One Site OnlyCOSPAS Cosmicheskaya Sistyema Poiska Avariynich SudovCOSS Common Object Services SpecificationCOSY Conferencing SystemCOT Customer Owned ToolingCOTK Control TrackCOTS Coin Operated Telephone SystemCOTS Commercial Off The Shelf (software)COTS Commodity Off The Shelf (Cluster)COTS Connection Oriented Transport ServiceCOVE Code VerificationCOW Copy On WriteCOW Cluster Of WorkstationsCP Call PayCP Card PunchCP Central/Communications/Customized ProcessorCP Check/Control PointCP Choke PacketCP Circuit PackageCP Code PageCP Complete PartitioningCP Computer ProfessionalCP Conducting PolymerCP Contention ProcedureCP Continuous PathCP Constraint ProgrammingCP Control ProgramCP Copy ProtectedCPA Certified Public AccountantCPA Closest Point of ApproachCPA Code Parasite AutopropageableCPA Cost Per ActionCPA Critical Path AnalysisCPAN Comprehensive Perl Archive NetworkCPBX Computerized Private Branch ExchangeCPC Card Programmable Calculator (IBM)CPC Computer Process ControlCPC Constant Point Calculation

197

CPC Cost Per ClickCPCS Check Processing Control SystemCPCS Common Part Convergence SublayerCPD Constructive Page DescriptionCPE Central Processing ElementCPE Computer Performance EvaluationCPE Customer Provided/Premises EquipmentCPFR Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and ReplenishmentCPFSK Continuous Phase Frequency Shift KeyingCPG Central Pattern GeneratorCPG Clock Pulse GeneratorCPG COSINE Policy GroupCPI characters per inchCPI Clocks Per InstructionCPI Code Page InformationCPI Common Part IndicationCPI Common Programming Interface (IBM)CPI Cost Performamce IndexCPIC Common Programming Interface for Communications (IBM)CPIM Common Presence and Instant MessagingCPL Call Processing Language (Telecom)CPL Characters Per Line (cpl)CPL Combined Programming LanguageCPL Common Public LicenseCPL Control Panel Library (Microsoft)CPL Current Privilege LevelCPL Cyberathlete Professional LeagueCPLD CMOS Programmable Logic DeviceCPLD Complex Programmable Logic DeviceCP/M Control Programm for Microcomputers (DEC)CPM Control Programm for Microcomputers (DEC)CPM Colliding Pulse ModeCPM Computer Program Protection ManagerCPM Corporate Performance ManagementCPM Critical Path MethodCPM Cryptography Provider ManagerCPN Conditional PathnameCPN Customer Premises NetworkCPO Certified Project OfficerCPO Chief Privacy Officer


CPP Corporate Preview ProgramCPPM Computer Protection Program ManagerCPPM Content Protection for Prerecorded MediaCPPS Critical Path Planning and SchedulingCPRM Content Protection for Recordable MediaCPS Certification Practice StatementCPS Constraint Parameter SetCPS Continuation Passing StyleCPS Critical Path SchedulingCPS cycles/characters per secondCPSA Consumer Product Safety ActCPSC Consumer Product Safety CommissionCPSI Configurable Post Script InterpreterCPSR Computer Professionals for Social ResponsibilityCPST Control Point Spanning TreeCPT Command Pass ThruCPT Common Point of TrustCPT COSINE Project Management TeamCPT Critical Path TechniqueCPTWG Copyright Protection Technical Working GroupCPU Central Processing UnitCPV Cold Process VerificationCPW Commercial Processing WorkloadCQL Channel Queue LimitCQM Class Queue ManagementCQP Corpus Query ProcessorCR Cambridge RingCR Carriage ReturnCR Core (Network) RouterCR Cray Research, Inc.C/R Command ResponseCRAM Card Random Access MemoryCRAM Challenge Response Authentication MechanismCRAM Cyberspatial Reality Advancement MovementCRC Class, Responsibility, Collaboration/CollaboratorsCRC Cyclic Redundancy CheckCRCG Fraunhofer Center for Research in Computer GraphicsCRCW Concurrent Read, Concurrent Write (PRAM)CRD Color Rendering DictionaryCRD Creation Revision Deletion (request)

199

CREN Corporation/Computer Research Education/Educational Network, USACREW Compact for Responsive Electronic WritingCREW Concurrent Read, Exclusive Write (PRAM)CRF Cable Retransmission FacilityCRF Cross Reference FileCRI Colour Reproduction IndicesCRIM Centre de Recherche Informatique de MontrealCRIMM Continuity RIMMCRISP Complex Reduced Instruction Set ProcessorCRL Certificate Revocation ListCRL Compile-time Reconfigurable LogicCR/LF Carriage Return/Line FeedCRM Communications + Records ManagementCRM Customer Relationship ManagementCROM Control Read Only MemoryCRPC Center for Research on Parallel ComputationCRR Change Request ReplyCRS Cell Relay ServiceCRS Computer Reservation SystemCRSAB Centralized Repair Service Answering BureauCRT Cathode Ray TubeCRT Chinese Remainder TheoremCRTC Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications CommissionCRTC Cathode Ray Tube ControllerCRTM Core Root of Trusted ModuleCRU Comite Reseau des UniversitesCRU Computer Resource UnitCRU Customer Replaceable UnitCRUD Create, Read, Update, and DeleteCRV Code Rule ViolationCS Cable/Card/Chip SelectCS Call SignCS Card ServiceCS Chip SelectCS Circuit SwitchingCS Clear ScreenCS Clear to SendCS Client/ServerCS Code SegmentCS Coding Scheme


CS Communications Satellite/SystemCS Computer ScienceCS Continuous ServoCS Convergence SublayerCS Correspondence SystemCS-ACELP Conjugate Structure Algebraic Code Excited Linear PredictionCS1 Capability Set 1CS80 Command Set 80 (Hewlett-Packard)CSA Calendaring and Scheduling APICSA Call Path Service ArchitectureCSA Communications Streaming ArchitectureCSA Comprehensive System AccountingCSA Conseil Superieur de l’AudiovisuelCSA Cyber Security Agency, EUCSAR Channel System Address RegisterCSB Channel Status ByteCSC Center for Scientific ComputingCSC COSPAS-SARSAT-CouncilCSCR Consortium for Slow Commotion ResearchCSCW Computer Supported Cooperative/Collaborative WorkCSD Circuit Switched DataCSD Cold ShutdownCSD Computer Services DepartmentCSD Corrective Service Disk/Diskette (IBM)CSDC Code Segment Descriptor CacheCSDGM Content Standard for Digital Geospatial MetadataCSDN Circuit Switched Data/Digital NetworkCSDS Circuit Switched Data ServiceCSE Certified System EngineerCSE Customer Support EngineerCSE Common Subexpression EliminationCSEA Cyber Security Enhancement ActCSF Compagnie Sans FilCSF Content Sealed FormatCSFI Communication Subsystem For InterconnectionCSG Constructive Solid GeometryCSG Consulting Services GroupCSI Code Sequence IdentificationCSI Command Sequence IntroducerCSI Common Synchronous/System Interface

201

CSI Computer Security Institute, San Francisco, USACSIC Computer System Interface CircuitCSIC Customer Specific Integrated CircuitCSID Called Subscriber Identifier/IdentificationCSID Calling Station IdentifierCSIP Compressed Sources IBM PCCSIP Corporate Stable Image PlatformCSIRT Computer Security Incident Response TeamCSL Computation Structures LanguageCSL Computer/Context Sensitive LanguageCSLIP Compressed Serial Line Interface ProtocolCSM Compatibility Support ModuleCSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision AvoidanceCSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision DetectionCSMA/CE Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision EliminationCSMP Continuous System Modelling ProgramCSMS Customer Support Management SystemCSN Card Select NumberCSN Circuit Switched NetworkCSN Customer Service NumberCSNET Computer and Science Network, USACSO Central Services OrganizationCSP Certified Systems ProfessionalCSP Chip Scale/Size PackagingCSP Commercial Service ProviderCSP Commercial Subroutine PackageCSP Communicating Sequential Process/ProcessesCSP CompuCom Speed ProtocolCSP Constraint Satisfaction ProblemCSP Cross System ProductCSP Cryptographic Service ProviderCSPDN Circuit Switched Public Data NetworkCSPDU Convergence Sublayer Protocol Data UnitCSPLA Conseil superieur de la Propriete Litteraire et ArtistiqueCSPP Computer Systems Policy ProjectCSPWG Computer Security Policy Working GroupCSR Cell Switch RouterCSR Control and Status Register ManagementCSR Customer Service RecordCSRAM Custom Static Random Access Memory


CSRC Computer Security Resource CenterCSRF Cross Site Request ForgeryCSRG (Austin) Common Standards Revision GroupCSRG Computer Systems Research Group (Berkeley)CSS Cascaded/Cascading Style SheetCSS Centralized Structure StoreCSS Chirp Spread SpectrumCSS Client-Server-SystemCSS Code Storage SegmentCSS Coded Switch SetCSS Computer Scheduling SystemCSS Computer SubsystemCSS Content Scrambling SystemCSS Continuous System SimulatorCSS Core System SoftwareCSS Critical Systems SupportCSS Cross Site ScriptingCSSD Cloneproof Schwartz Sequential DroppingCSSL Continuous System Simulation LanguageCSSM Client Server Systems ManagementCSSM Computer Security Site ManagerCSSO Computer System Security OfficerCSSP Cascading Style Sheet PositioningCSSSP Common Sparse Spectral Spatial PatternCSTA Computer Supported Telephony ApplicationCSTAC Computer Systems Technical Advisory CommitteeCSTB Computer Science + Technology BoardCSTR Computing Science Technical ReportCSTS Computer Supported Telecommunication/Telephony StandardCSU Channel Service/Switching UnitCSU Control and Service UnitCSV Certified Server ValidationCSV Circuit Switched VoiceCSV Client SMTP VerificationCSV Comma Separated Values/VariablesCSW Channel Status WordCSZ Clark, Shenker, Zhang (algorithm)CT Call TransferCT Chipcard TerminalCT Clock Time

203

CT Computer Technik/Telephony/TomographyCT ControllerCT Cordless TelephoneCT Cut ThroughCTAN Comprehensive TeX Archive NetworkCTB Cipher Type ByteCTB Communication Toolbox (Apple)CTB Computer Based TrainingCTC Channel To ChannelCTC Cornell Theory CenterCTC Counter Timer ChipCTCP Client To Client ProtocolCTCPEC Canadian Trusted Computer Product Evaluation CriteriaCTCSS Continuous Tone Coded/Controlled Squelch SystemCTD Cell Transfer DelayCTDB Clustered Trivial Data BaseCTDB Compact Terrain Data BaseCTEA Copyright Term Extension ActCTES Cell Technology Evaluation SystemCTF Common Trace FacilityCTF Contrast Transfer FunctionCTI Computational Testbed for IndustryCTI Computer Telephony IntegrationCTIA Cellular Telecommunications Industry AssociationCTL Complementary Transistor LogicCTL Complex Text LayoutCTL Corel Transactional LicensingCTL CTSS Command Language ControllerCTM Clock and Tone ModuleCTM Cordless Terminal MobilityCTN Corporate Telecommunication NetworkCTO Chief Technical/Technology Officer/OfficesCTOS Cassette Tape Operating SystemCTOS Corporate Telecommunications and Office SystemsCTP Community Technology PreviewCTP Composite Theoretical PerformanceCTP Computer To PlateCTP Cordless Telephony ProfileCTPA Coax to Twisted Pair AdapterCTR Cable Throw Replacement


CTR Center for Telecommunications Research, Columbia U.CTR Common Technical RegulationsCTR Computing Tabulating Recording (Corporation)CTR CounterCTR Current Transfer RatioCTRCO Calculating Tabulating Recording CorporationCTRL ControlCTS Clear To SendCTS Common Transport SemanticsCTS Common Type SystemCTS Computer Telephony SolutionCTS (EC) Conformance Testing ServicesCTS Courier Time ServerCTS Customer Telephone SystemCTSS Compatible/Cray Time-Sharing SystemCTY Console TeletypeCU Control UnitCU Customer UseCU See You (Slang)CU2 See You, Too (Slang)CUA Common User Access (IBM)CUA Commonly Used AcronymCUA Computer Users AssociationCUB Cursor BackwardCUCN Communication Controller NodeCUD Cursor DownCUDA Compute Unified Device ArchitectureCUE Custom Updates and ExtrasCUF Cursor ForwardCUG Closed/Closet User GroupCUI Captive/Common/Consistent User InterfaceCUI Character/Character-oriented User InterfaceCUL See You Later (Slang)CUNY City University of New YorkCUOD Central Unit on DemandCUP Communications User ProgramCUP Competitive UpgradeCUP Cursor PositionCUPID Completely Universal Processor Input/Output DesignCUPS Common UNIX Printing System

205

CURL Cambridge University Robot LanguageCUSI Configurable Unified Search IndexCUSIP Committee for Uniform Security Identification Procedures, USACUSP Customer Programming LanguageCUSSNET Computer Use in Social Sciences NetworkCUT Control Unit TerminalCUTE Clarkston University Terminal EmulatorCUU Computerunterstützter UnterrichtCUU Cursor UpCVD ClamAV Virus DatabaseCVD Compact Video DiskCVE Collaborative Virtual EnvironmentCVE Common Vulnerabilities and ExposuresCVF Compressed VFATCVF Compressed Volume FileCVGA Color Video Graphics ArrayCVIA Computer Virus Industry AssociationCVN Credit Card Validation NumberCVP Collaborative Virtual PrototypingCVS Computer Vision SyndromeCVS Concurrent Versions SystemCVSD Continuous Variable Slope Delta (Modulation)CVT ConvertCVT Coordinated Video Timings (VESA)CVW CodeView for Windows (Microsoft)CVW Collaborative Virtual Workspace (License)CW Call WaitingCW Continuous WaveCW Control WordCWA Competitive Web AnalysisCWI Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica, AmsterdamCWIS Campus/Community Wide Information Service/System (Internet)CWP Communication Word ProcessorCWS Congestion Window SettingCXFS SGI Clustered Extended File SystemCXI Common X InterfaceCXML Commerce Extensible Markup LanguageCYA Cover Your Ass (Slang)CYK Cocke-Younger-Kasami (-Algorithmus)CYL Cylinder


CYL See You Later (Slang)CYMK Cyan Yellow Magenta Key/Black (Farbmodell)

D Daemon, Data, Deutsch, Digital, Direct, Document, DoubleD DatenleitungD2C Digital To CharacterD2PC Dynamic Two Phase CommitmentD2T2 Dye Diffusion Thermal Transfer (Drucker)D64S ISDN-Festverbindung 64 kbit/sDA Destination AddressDA Digital/Analog, D/ADA Direct AccessDA Destination AddressDAA Data Access ArrangementDAA Decimal Adjust for AdditionDAA Detect and Avoid AlgorithmDAA Digest Access AuthenticationDAA Dynamic Adaptive AcknowledgmentDAB Daten-AutobahnDAB Digital Audio Broadcast/BroadcastingDAB Direct Access BufferDAC Data Acquisition and ControlDAC Daily Administrative CheckDAC Design Automation ConferenceDAC Device Access CodeDAC Digital-Analog-ConverterDAC Digital Audio CopyDAC Discretionary Access ControlDAC Distributed Academic ComputingDAC Dual Attached/Attachment Component/ConcentratorDACD Directory Access Control DomainDACK DMA AcknowledgeDACL Discretionary Access Control List (Microsoft)DACS Data Acquisition Control SystemDACS Data and Analysis Center for Software, DoD, USADACS Digital Access and Cross-connect SystemDACT Data Compression TechnologyDACTLU Deactivate Logical UnitDAD Desktop Application Director

207

DAD Duplicate Address DetectionDAE DatenaufnahmeeinheitDAE Differential-algebraic EquationDAE Digital Audio ExtractionDAF Destination Address FieldDAF Deutsche-Arbeitsfront-EmpfängerDAG Directed Acyclic GraphDAG DirektrufnetzabschlussgerätDAGM Deutsche Arbeitsgemeinschaft für MustererkennungDAI Distributed Artificial IntelligenceDAK Diagnose-KanalDAKfCBNF Deutscher Arbeitskreis für CB- und NotfunkDAKS DateikatalogsystemDAL Data Access Language/LayerDAL Dedicated Access LineDAL Disk Access LockoutDAM Data Acquisition and MonitoringDAM Debian Account ManagerDAM Digital Asset ManagementDAM Digital Audio MonitorDAM Direct Access MethodDAMA Demand Assigned Multiple AccessDAML DARPA/Distributed Agent Markup LanguageDAML Digital Archives Markup LanguageDAMPS Digital Advanced Mobile Phone ServiceDAN Domestic/Desk Area NetworkDANCC Domestic Area Network Coordination CentreDANTE Delivery of Advanced Network Technology to EuropeDANZKO DatennetzkoordinatorDAO Data Access ObjectDAO Disk At OnceDAP Data Access Protocol (DEC)DAP Data Archiving ProcessDAP Developer Assistance ProgramDAP Directory Access ProtocolDAP Division Advisory Panel (NSF)DAP Document Application ProfileDAP Dynamic Application PartitioningDAPC Data Acquisition and Process ControlDAPI Desktop Application Programming Interface


DAPIE Developers’ Application Programming Interface ExtensionsDAR Datenausgabe-RegisterDAR Digital Audio RadioDAR Display Aspect RatioDAR Dynamic Adaptive RoutingDARC Data Radio ChannelDARC Deutscher Amateur-Radio ClubDARI Database Application Remote Interface (IBM)DARMS Digital Alternate Realization of Musical SymbolsDARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, USADART Dexterous Anthropomorphic Robotic TestbedDART Digital Audio Reconstruction TechnologyDAS Data Acquisition Subsystem/SystemDAS Datenausgabe-SteuerungDAS Decimal Adjust for SubtractionDAS Digital Analysis SystemDAS Direct Attached StorageDAS Dual Attached/Attachment Station (FDDI)DASAT Datenübertragung via SatellitDASD Direct Access Storage DeviceDASH Digital Audio Stationary HeadDASL DAV Search and LocateDASP Data Administration Strategic PlanDASP Data Analysis Statistics and ProbabilityDASP Deliver Automated Solutions ProcessDASP Drive active – Slave presentDASP Dynamic Adaptive Speculative PreprocessorDASS Direct Access Secondary StorageDASS Ditributed Authentication Security ServiceDAST Datenaustausch-SteuerungDAT Digital Audio TapeDAT Disk Array TechnologyDATACOM Data CommunicationsDATC Drake Authorized Testing Center (Novell)DATEL Data TelecommunicationDATEV Datenverarbeitungsorganisation der steuerberatenden BerufeDATEX-J Data Exchange for JedermannDATEX-L Data Exchange by Lines (leitungsvermittelt)DATEX-M Data Exchange Multi-MegabitDATEX-P Data Exchange in Packages (paketvermittelt)

209

DATV Digital Amateur TelevisionDAU Digitaler AlarmumsetzerDAU Digital Announcement UnitDAU Dümmster Anzunehmender User (Slang)DAU Dynamische Adress-UmsetzungDAV Data AvailableDAV Digital Audio VideoDAV Distributed Authoring and VersioningDAVACS DoE Automated Visitor Access Control SystemDAVIC Digital Audio Video CouncilDAVID Digital Audio Video Interactive DecoderDAWG Directed Acyclic Word GraphDB Data Base/BufferDB Device BayDB Dynamic BacktrackingDBA Database Access/Agent/AdministratorDBB Detect Before BreakDBBS Database Baby Sitter (DBA)DBBS Dynamic Bass Boost SystemDBC Data Bus ControllerDBC Device Bay ControllerDBCES Dynamic Bandwidth Utilization in 64 kBit/s Time Slot Trunking over ATM Using Circuit Emulation ServicesDBCS Delivery Bar Code SorterDBCS Double-Byte Character SetDBE Data Base EngineDBFS Data Base File SystemDBH Data Base HandlerDBI Data Base Interface (Class)DBIC Dezibel Isometric CircularDBLP Digital Bibliography + Library ProjectDBM Data Base ManagerDBM Dezibel per MilliwattDBML Data Base Markup LanguageDBMS Data Base Management SystemDBP Deutsche BundespostDBPSK Differential Binary Phase Shift KeyingDBQ Data Base QueryDBQ Data/Document Based QuestionDBR Deterministic Bit RateDBR DOS Boot Record


DBS Data Base Server/SystemDBS Debian Build SystemDBS Demand Based SwitchingDBS Deutscher BildungsserverDBS Direct Broadcast/Broadcasting Satellite/SystemDBT Dynamic BacktrackingDBV Deutsches BücherverzeichnisDBV Digital Broadcast VideoDBWR Database WriterDBX Debugger for UNIXDC Data Collection/Communication/Compression/ControlDC Design ChangeDC Device Context (Microsoft)DC Device/Domain ControlDC Direct Connect/CurrentDC Distributed ComputingDC Distribution CenterDC Domain ControllerDC Dublin Core (Metadata Element Set)DC Duck + Cover (Slang)DCA Data Center AdministrationDCA Defense Communications Agency, USADCA Digital Computer AssociationDCA Distributed Communications ArchitectureDCA Document Content ArchitectureDCAF Distributed Console Access Facility (IBM)DCAM Data Communication Access MethodDCAM Digital CameraDCAM Direct Chip Attach ModuleDCB Data/Device Control BlockDCB Disk Coprocessor Board (Novell)DCC Data Communication ChannelDCC Data Country CodeDCC Debian Core ConsortiumDCC DCC Common Core (Alliance)DCC Department Computer CoordinatorDCC Differential Chain CodeDCC Digital Command ControlDCC Digital Compact CassetteDCC Digital Content Creation

211

DCC Direct Cable/Client ConnectionDCC Direct Client to ClientDCC Display Combination CodeDCC Distributed Checksum ClearinghouseDCCA Distributed Component Computing ArchitectureDCCH Dedicated Control ChannelDCCP Data Communications Control ProcedureDCCP Datagram Congestion Control ProtocolDCCP Digital Computer Control PanelDCCP Display Control Computer ProgramDCCP Dublin Core Community ProfileDCCP Dynamic Content Caching ProtocolDCCS Distributed Capability Computing SystemDCD Data Carrier DetectDCE Data Circuit/Communication EquipmentDCE Data Circuit-Termination EquipmentDCE Data Collection EngineDCE Digital Communications ExperimentDCE Distributed Computing Environment (OSF)DCF Data Communication Facility (IBM)DCF Data Compression FacilityDCF Data Count FieldDCF Design rule for Camera File systemsDCF Disengage ConfirmationDCF Distributed Coordination FunctionDCF Document Composition FacilityDCF Driver Configuration FileDCFL Deterministic Context Free LanguageDCFL Direct Coupled FET LogicDCI Digital Cinema InitiativesDCI Display Control InterfaceDCL Data Center LinuxDCL Data Control Language (SQL)DCL DEC Command LanguageDCL DeclarationDCL Device ClearDCL Digital Command Language (DEC)DCL Disc Change LineDCLZ Data Compression Lempel ZivDCM Data Communication Method/Multiplexer


DCM Digital Content ManagementDCM Distributed Computing ModelDCM Dual chip ModuleDCME Digital Circuit Multiplication EquipmentDCMI Dublin Core Metadata InitiativeDCML Dynamic Configuration Markup LanguageDCNA Data Communications Network ArchitectureDCOM Data Communication processorDCOM Distributed Component Object ModelDCOP Desktop Communications Protocol (KDE)DCP Data Collecting PlatformDCP Device Control ProtocolDCP Digital Cinema PackageDCS Data Collection/Control SystemDCS Defined Context SetDCS Desktop Colour SeparationDCS Diagnostic Communication SystemDCS Digital Cellular (Telecommunication) SystemDCS Distributed Computing/Control SystemDCS Dynamic Channel SelectionDCSP Dynamic Constraint Satisfaction ProblemDCT Database Configuration ToolDCT Digital Cellular TelephoneDCT Digital Core TechnologyDCT Discrete Cosine Transform/TransformationDCTL Direct Coupled Transistor LogicDCTP Developmental Certification Test PlanDCU Data Cache UnitDCV Destination Coded VehicleDD Data Definition/DeliverableDD Debian DeveloperDD Digital Data/DisplayDD Double DensityDDA Deutsche Daten-AutobahnDDA Digital Differential AnalyzerDDA Distributed Data AccessDDA Distributed Database ArchitectureDDA Document Description ArchitectureDDA Domain Defined AttributeDDA DRAM Development Alliance

213

DDB Device Dependent BitmapDDB Device Descriptor BlockDDB Dynamic Delayed BroadcastingDDBAC Data Design HBCI Banking Apllication ComponentsDDBMS Distributed Data Base Management SystemDDC Dewey Decimal ClassificationDDC Digital/Display Data ChannelDDC Direct Digital ControlDDC Distributed Data CouplingDDC Dual Die ChipDDC Dynamic Data CenterDDC1 Display Data Channel OneDDCMP Digital Data Communication Message Protocol (DEC)DDCS Distributed Database Connection Services (IBM)DDD Direct Distance DialingDDDB Display Device Data BlockDDE Direct Data EntryDDE Distributed Debugging EnvironmentDDE Dynamic Data ExchangeDDEML Dynamic Data Exchange Manager Library (Microsoft)DDES Double Data Encryption StandardDDF Dynamic Data FormattingDDFA Data Communications and Terminal Controller Device File AccessDDH Distributed Document HandlingDDI Device Driver InterfaceDDI Digital Document InterchangeDDI Direct Dial/Dialling InDDIF Digital Document Interchange FormatDDK Device Driver Kit (Microsoft)DDK Driver Development KitDDL Data Definition/Description LanguageDDL Display/Document Description LanguageDDM Distributed Data Manager/ManagementDDN Defense Data Network, USADDNS Dynamic Domain Name SystemDDOS Distributed Denial Of ServiceDDP Datagram Delivery ProtocolDDP Debian Documentation ProjectDDP Distributed Data ProcessingDDR Double Data Rate


DDR Dynamic Document ReviewDDS Data Description SpecificationDDS Data Distribution ServiceDDS Dataphone Digital Service (AT&T)DDS Delegation Discovery SystemDDS Design Data SheetDDS DFN Directory ServicesDDS Digital/Distributed Data Service/StorageDDS Digital Direct SynthesisDDS Direct Digital Service/SynthesisDDS Direkte digitale (Frequenz-)SyntheseDDS Disk Definition StructureDDS Distributed Database ServicesDDT Dynamic Debugging ToolDDTA Digital Distributed Transaction ArchitectureDDV DatendirektverbindungDDV DES DES VerfahrenDDV Dialog Data ValidationDDVT Dynamic Dispatch Virtual TablesDDX Digital Data ExchangeDDXP Digital Data Exchange, Packet-switching NetworkDE DatenentstörungDE Debugging ExtensionsDE Device EndDE Discard EligibleDE Document EngineeringDE Double EndedDEA Data Encryption AlgorithmDEA Deterministischer Endlicher AutomatDEA Disposable Email AddressDEARN Deutsches EARNDEBI Direct Memory Access Extended Bus InterfaceDEC DecrementDEC Device ClearDEC Digital Equipment CorporationDECNET Digital Equipment Corporation Networking (protocol)DECT Digital European Cordless TelecommunicationDECUS DEC Users SocietyDED Darkness Emitting DiodeDEE Datenendeinheit/-einrichtung (= DTE)

215

DEF Data Exchange FormatDEF DefaultDEF Destination Element FieldDEF Desktop Functional EquivalentDEFOMA Debian Font ManagerDEG DatenendgerätDEISA Distributed European Infrastructure for Supercomputing ApplicationsDEK Data Encryption KeyDEK DateneingabekanalDEL Decode Encode LanguageDEL DeleteDELTA Developing European Learning Through Technology AdvanceDELUG Deutsche LINUX User GroupDEM Digital Elevation ModelDEMA Decoupled Multiuser AcquisitionDEMA Differential Electromagnetic AnalysisDEMTS Digital and Electronic Maps Transfer StandardDEN Directory/Document Enabled Networking/NetworksDENIC Deutsches Network Information CenterDEOS Distributed External Object StoreDEP Data Execution Prevention/ProtectionDEPP Distributed Enhanced Programming PolicyDER DateneingaberegisterDER Distinguished Encoding RulesDES Data Encryption StandardDES Data Entry SheetDES DateneingabesteuerungDES Dynamic Energy SaverDESY Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, HamburgDET Device Execute TriggerDEV DevelopmentDEV DeviceDEV Device Exclusion VectorDEVO DatenerfassungsverordnungDF Data/Destination Field/FormDF DefaultDF Device/Double FlagDFA Deterministic Finite AutomatonDFB Distributed Feedback (-Laser)DFBI Depth First Begin Index


DFC Data Flow ControlDFCE Defense Control ElementDFD Datenanwendung für DritteDFD Datenflussdiagramm, Data Flow DiagramDFD Deutsches Fernerkundungs-DatenzentrumDFDR Digital Flight Data RecorderDFEI Depth First End IndexDFG Deutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftDFKI Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz, Kaiserslautern und SaarbrückenDFM Design For ManufacturabilityDFN Deutsches Forschungsnetz e. V.DFP Decimal Floating PointDFP Digital Flat Panel (Port)DFR Double Frequency RecordingDFS Deniable File SystemDFS Depth First SearchDFS Distributed File Service/SystemDFS Dynamic Frequency SelectionDFSA Direct File System AccessDFSG Debian Free Software GuidelinesDFSMS Data Facility Storage Management SubsystemDFT Design For TestabilityDFT Diagnostic Function TestDFT Discrete Fourier Transform/TransformationDFT Distributed Function TerminalDFT Drive Fitness TestDFU Data File UtilityDFU Device Firmware UpdateDFUE DatenfernübertragungDFV DatenfernverarbeitungDFZ Default-free ZoneDG Data GroupDG DatagramDGA Direct Graphics Access/ArchitectureDGC Distributed Garbage CollectionDGI Deutsche Grid-InititativeDGIF Delta GIFDGIS Direct Graphics Interface StandardDGL Device-independent Graphics Library (HP)DGN Deutsche Gesellschaft für Netzdienste

217

DGPS Differential Global Positioning SystemDGS Dynamische Geometrie-SoftwareDGT Direction Generale des TelecommunicationsDH Diffie-Hellman (Key Exchange)DH Digital HomeDHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (Internet)DHDTV Digital High Definition TelevisionDHIS Dynamic Host Information SystemDHL Dynamic Head LoadingDHRVVF Ducking, Hiding and Running Very Very Fast (Slang)DHS Department of Homeland/Hopeless Security, USADHSD Duplex High Speed DataDHT Distributed Hash TableDHTML Dynamic Hypertext Markup LanguageDI Data InDI Decoder IdentificationDI Destination IndexDIA Defence Intelligence AgencyDIA Deutsche Informatik AkademieDIA Display Industry AssociationDIA Document Interchange Architecture (IBM)DIAC Dedicated Inquiry Access CodeDIAD Delivery Information Acquisition DeviceDIAS Digital Information Archiving SystemDIB Data Information BaseDIB Device Independent BitmapDIB Directory Information BaseDIB Dual Independent BusDIBOL DEC Business Oriented LanguageDICOM Digital Image/Imagery/Imaging (and) Communication/CommunicationsDICOM Digital Imaging and Communications in MedicineDID Digital Image DesignDID Digital Information DisplayDID Direct Inward DiallingDIDAC Digital Data Acquisition + ControlDIDL Digital Item Declaration LanguageDIDS Defense Integrated Data SystemDIDS Distributed Intrusion Detection SystemDIF Data/Directory Interchange FormatDIFS Distributed/DCF Inter Frame Space


DIG Digital Imposition GeometryDIGI Deutsche Interessengemeinschaft Internet e. V.DII Dynamic Invocation InterfaceDIIP Direct Interrupt Identification PortDIL Dual In LineDILA Direct-Drive Image Light Amplifier (D-ILA)DILLIGAS Do I Look Like I Give A Shit (Slang)DIM Data Interpretation ModuleDIMDI Deutsches Institut für Medizinische Information und DokumentationDIME Direct Internet Message EncapsulationDIMM Dual Inline Memory ModuleDIN Deutsche Initiative für NetzwerkinformationDIN Deutsches Institut für Normung, BerlinDIN Do It Now (Slang)DINI Deutsche Inititative für NetzwerkinformationDIO Data Input and OutputDIP Dialup Internet ProtocolDIP Digital/Document Image ProcessingDIP Dissemination Information PackageDIP Dual Inline Package/PinDIPS Dual Domain In Plane SwitchingDIR DirectoryDIRC Digital Inter Relay CommunicationDIS Data Item SpecificationDIS Digital Immune System (Symantec)DIS Directory/Distributed Information SystemDIS Distributed Interactive SimulationDIS Draft International Standard (ISO)DIS Dynamic Impedance StabilizationDISA Data Interchange Standards AssociationDISA Defense Information Systems Agency, USADISA Direct Inward System AccessDISC Disconnect (frame)DISCO Digital Secure Communication (Bosch/Ascom)DISCSI Differential SCSIDISEQC Digital Satellite Equipment ControlDISN Defense Information Systems NetworkDISOSS Distributed Office Support System (IBM)DISP Directory Information Shadow ProtocolDISP Displacement

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DIST Digital Image Scaling TechnologyDIT Depth of Inheritance TreeDIT Directory Information TreeDITO Dit Is Totale Onzin (Slang)DITO DoD IPv6 Transition OfficeDITR Deutsches Informationszentrum für Technische RegelnDIU Data Interface UnitDIV Data In Virtual (Facility)DIV Digitale VermittlungsstelleDIV DivideDIVA Digitales Videoarchiv, KarlsruheDIVE Direct Interface Video ExtensionDIVO Digitale Vermittlungsstelle OrtsnetzDIVX Digital Video ExpressDIW D-Inside WireDIWSCSI Differential Wide SCSI (16 Bit)DIX Digital Equipment Corporation, Intel, Xerox (Ethernet)DIY Do It Yourself (Slang)DJDE Dynamic Job Descriptor EntryDJM Distributed Job ManagerDKE Deutsche Kommission Elektrotechnik Elektronik Informationstechnik im DIN und VDEDKE Deutscher Kleinempfänger (Goebbelsharfe)DKG Digitales KartengerätDKI Device Kernel InterfaceDKIM Domain Keys Identified MailDKMS Dynamic Kernel Module Support (Linux)DKOM Direct Kernel Object ManipulationDKRZ Deutsches Klima-Rechenzentrum, HamburgDKUUG Danish UNIX Users’ GroupDKZ DatenkonzentratorDL DownloadDL/1 Data Manipulation Language 1 (IBM)DLB Dynamic Load BalancingDLC Data Link Control (IBM)DLC Digital Learning Center (Kodak)DLC Digital Loop CarrierDLC Distributed Loop CarrierDLC Down Line ControlDLCI Data Link Connection IdentifierDLCX Data Link Control Exchange


DLD Detailed Level DesignDLE Data Link EscapeDLF DeutschlandfunkDLGI Dienstleistungsgesellschaft für InformatikDLHP Deutsches Linux HowTo ProjektDLI Digital Libraries InitiativeDLL Data Link LayerDLL Delay/Digitally Locked LoopDLL Dynamic Link LibraryDLLP Data Link Layer ProtocolDLM Distributed LAN MonitoringDLM Distributed Lock ManagerDLM Dynamic Link ModuleDLNA Digital Living Network AllianceDLO Document-Like ObjectDLOC Delta Lines Of CodeDLP Data Load PartitionDLP Digital Light ProcessingDLPI Data Link Provider InterfaceDLR Dependent LU RequesterDLR Design Layout RecordDLR DOS LAN RequesterDLS Data Link SwitchingDLS Dependent LU ServerDLS Distributed Load SharingDLS Downloadable SoundsDLSG Deutsche Lehrsoftware GemeinschaftDLSW Data Link SwitchingDLT Digital Linear TapeDLTM Don’t Lie To Me (Slang)DM Data Mark/Mining/ModeDM Delta ModulationDM Dense ModeDM Device Management/MapperDM Dialogue Management (System)DM Direct Manipulation (of text)DM Disconnect/Disconnected ModeDM Distributed Memory/MonitorDMA Direct Memory Access/AddressingDMA Document Management Alliance

221

DMAC Direct Memory Access ControllerDMAN Differential Manchester (Coding)DMAPI Data Management Application Program InterfaceDMB Digital Multimedia Broadcast/BroadcastingDMB Domain Master BrowserDMC Digital Media CenterDMC Direct Memory ControllerDMC Distributed Management ChainDMCA Digital Millenium Copyright ActDMD Device Manager DriverDMD Digital Micromirror DeviceDMD Direct Manipulation DeviceDMD Directory Management DomainDME Digitaler MeldeempfängerDME Direct Memory ExecutionDME Distance Measuring EquipmentDME Distributed Management Environment (OSF)DMF Direct Manual FocusDMF Distribution Media FormatDMG Distress Message GeneratorDMI Data Management and InteroperabilityDMI Data Memory InterfaceDMI Database Management InterfaceDMI Definition of Management InformationDMI Design Manufacturing InterfaceDMI Desktop Management InterfaceDMI Deutsche MittelstandsinformatikDMI Digital Media InfrastructureDMI Digital Multiplexed InterfaceDMI Digital Music InitiativeDMI Diploma in Medical InformaticsDMI Dipole Mode IndexDMI Direct Manipulation InterfaceDMI Distributed Management InterfaceDMI Distributed Medical IntelligenceDMI Dynamic Method InvocationDML Data Manipulation LanguageDML Dialog Markup LanguageDML Distributed Mode LoudspeakerDMLT Distributed Multi Link Trunking


DMM Digital MultimeterDMMP Distributed Memory, Message ProcessingDMMS Dynamic Memory Management SystemDMMV Deutscher Multimedia VerbandDMO Directory Management OrganizationDMOS Double-diffused Metal-Oxide SemiconductorDMOZ Directory MozillaDMP Designated Mailers ProtocolDMP Dot Matrix PrinterDMPC Distributed Memory Parallel ComputerDMPM Digital Monitor Power ManagementDMPP Distributed Memory Parallel ProcessorDMQS Display Mode Query and Set (IBM)DMR Dual Modular RedundancyDMS Data/Design/Desktop/Document Management Software/SystemDMS Deadline Monotonic SchedulingDMS Digital Management SolutionsDMSD Digital Multi-Standard DecodingDMSDK Digital Media Software Development KitDMSP Distributed Mail System ProtocolDMSS Distributed Mass Storage SystemDMSV Distributed Memory, Shared VariablesDMT Discrete Monitor Timing (VESA)DMT Discrete Multitone (Modulation)DMTF Desktop/Distributed Management Task ForceDMU Digital Mock-upDMUP Debian Machine Use PoliciesDMUX DemultiplexerDMY Day Month Year (Datumsangabe)DMZ De-Militarised Zone (Firewall)DN Distinguished NameDN DownDNA Digital Network Architecture (DEC)DNA Direct Note AccessDNA Distributed Network ArchitectureDNA Document Enabled NetworkDNB Deutsche NationalbibliographieDNC Direct/Distributed Numerical ControlDNCP Decnet Phase IV Control ProtocolDNCRI Division of Networking and Communications Research and Infrastructure (NSF)

223

DND Do Not DisturbDNDO Do Not Disturb OverrideDNE Deterministic Network Enhancer (VPN)DNF Disjunktive NormalformDNG DatennetzabschlussgerätDNG Digital NegativeDNHR Dynamic Non-Hierarchical RoutingDNI Desktop Network InterfaceDNI Direct Neural InterfaceDNIC Data Network Identification CodeDNIE Digital Natural Image EngineDNIS Dialed Number Identification ServiceDNKZ Datennetz-Kontrollzentrum (DBP)DNL Dynamic Noise LimiterDNLC Directory Name Lookup CacheDNM DatennetzabschlussmodulDNMS Datennetz-Management-SoftwareDNPG Digital Networks Product GroupDNRC Domain Name Rights CoalitionDNS Direct Numerical SimulationDNS Domain Name Server/Service/Scheme/System (Internet)DNSB Daten-Netz-Signalisierung Typ BDNSBL DNS Based BlacklistDNSO Domain Name Supporting OrganizationDNSSEC Domain Name System with Security ExtensionsDNUG Deutsche Notes User GroupDO Data Out, Distributed ObjectDOA Dead On ArrivalDOAG Deutsche Oracle-Anwender-GruppeDOAJ Directory of Open Access JournalsDOAR Directory of Open Access RepositoriesDOC Distributed Object ComputingDOCP DAE Optimal Control ProblemDOCS Designation of Other Coding SystemDOCSIS Data Over Cable Service Interface SpecificationDOCSV Data Over Circuit Switched VoiceDOCT Distributed Object Computation TestbedDOD Department of Defence (Defense), USADOD Digital Optical DiscDOD Dollars On Demand


DOD Drink Or DieDOD Drop On DemandDODCI Department Of Defense Computer InstituteDOE Department Of Energy, USADOE Distributed Objects Environment/EverywhereDOI Digital Object IdentifierDOI Domain Of InterpretationDOIP Dial Other Internet ProvidersDOK Distrikts- und Ortsverbands-Kenner (des DARC)DOL Direct Object LinkingDOLAP Desktop OLAPDOM Document Object Model/ModulDOM Document Output ManagementDOMF Distributed Object Management Facility (Sun)DOORS Distributed Object Oriented Reliable ServiceDOP Directory Operational Binding Management ProtocolDOQ Digital Orthophoto QuadrangleDOR Digital Optical RecordingDOS Denial Of ServiceDOS Disk Operating SystemDOS Distributed Operating SystemDOSEM DOS Emulator/EmulationDOSS Dedicated Office Systems and ServicesDOT Document TemplateDOT Documents to Think with (GMD)DOV Data Over VoiceDOVE Digital Orbiting Voice EncoderDOW Day Of WeekDOW Direct OverwriteDP Data ProcessingDP Dial PulseDP Digital Person/Persona/PhotographyDP Distributed Printing/ProcessorDP Dot PitchDP Draft Proposed Standard (ISO)DPA Demand Protocol ArchitectureDPA Differential Power AnalysisDPA Document Printing Application/ArchitectureDPAM Demand Priority Access MethodDPAR Data Parallel Abstraction

225

DPAREN Data Parity Enable (IBM)DPB Drive Parameter BlockDPBO Downstream Power Back OffDPC Deferred Procedure CallDPC Direct Program ControlDPC Display ControllerDPCM Differential Puls Code ModulationDPCT Data Processing Control Transmittal CardDPD Dead Peer DetectionDPD Deep Power Down (modus)DPDA Deterministic Push Down AutomatonDPDS Data Processing Distributed SystemsDPF Discrete Packet FormatDPG Dedicated Packet GroupDPI Deep Packet InspectionDPI Distributed Protocol InterfaceDPI dots per inchDPL Debian Project LeaderDPL Descriptor Privilege LevelDPL Distributed Program LinkDPM Digital Panel MeterDPM Display Power ManagementDPMA Data Processing Management Association, USADPMA Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt, MünchenDPMI DOS Protected Mode Interface (Microsoft)DPMS Digital/Display Power Management Signaling/Software/SupportDPMS Display Power Management Signaling (Standard) (VESA)DPMS DOS Protected Mode ServiceDPO Dial Pulse OriginatingDPO Data Phase OptimizationDPOF Digital/Direct Print Order FormatDPP Demand Priority ProtocolDPR Distributed Pasword RecoveryDPR Dynamic Physical RenderingDPS Digital Print SystemDPS Display PostscriptDPS Document Processing SystemDPSI Direction, Planification et Strategie InformatiqueDPSI Dots Per Square InchDPSI Dual Power Servo Interface


DPSK Differential Phase Shift KeyingDPT Data Processing TerminalDPT Drive Parameter TableDPU Data Parallel UnitDQCB Distributed Queue Control BusDQDB Distributed Queue Double/Dual BusDQF Driver Qualification FileDQL Data/Database/DataEase Query LanguageDQL DAML Query LanguageDQL DICOM Query LabelDQL Domain Qualifier List/ListsDQO Data Quality ObjectiveDQPSK Differential Quadrature Phase Shift KeyingDR Data ReceivedDR Designated RouterDR Digital ResearchDR Direct or ReverseDR Disaster RecoveryDR Document RequestDR Dynamic ReconfigurationDRA Deutsches Rundfunk-ArchivDRAM Dynamic Random Access MemoryDRAW Direct Read After WriteDRB DRAM Row BoundaryDRBD Distributed Replicated Block DeviceDRC Dynamic Range CompressionDRCMF Digital Reality Creation Multi Function (Sony)DRCS Dynamically Redefinable Character SetDRDA Distributed Relational Database Architecture (IBM)DRDA Distributed Remote Database AccessDRDRAM Direct Rambus Dynamic RAMDRDW Direct Read During WriteDRE Direct Recording Electronic (Device)DRE Distributed Real-time and Embedded (systems)DRI Declarative Referential IntegrityDRI Defense Research InternetDRI Digital Research IncorporatedDRI Direct Rendering InfrastructureDRI Dynamic Range IncreaseDRL Dynamically Reconfigurable Logic

227

DRM Digital Radio Mondiale (Modulation)DRM Digital Restrictions/Rights ManagementDRM Direct Rendering ManagerDRM Distributed Resource ManagementDRM Dual Retention MechanismDRMS Data Record Management SystemDRO Data Request OutputDRO Destructive Read OutDRP DEC’s Routing ProtocolDRP Disaster Recovery PlanDRP Distributed Reservation ProtocolDRQ Disengage RequestDRQ DMA RequestDRR Dynamic Rate RepartitioningDRS Data Relay SatelliteDRS Document Registration SystemDRS Domino Runtime ServicesDRS Driver ResourceDRS DruckstationDRTS Data Relay + Tracking SystemDRTS Distributed Revision Tracking SystemDRV Drive (Laufwerk)DRY Don’t Repeat YourselfDS Data Segment/Send/Server/StrobeDS Differentiated ServiceDS Digit SelectDS Directory ServicesDS Distributed Services (OSF)DS Distribution Service (Cable TV)DS Distribution System (WLAN)DS Double SidedDS Drive SelectDS02 ISDN-Festverbindung 128 kbit/sDS3 Digital Signal Level 3DSA Data Service AdapterDSA Data/Digital Signature/Standard/Storage Architecture/AlgorithmDSA Debian Security AdvisoryDSA Digital Signature AlgorithmDSA Directory System Agent (X.500)DSAB Distributed Systems Architecture Board


DSAF Destination Subarea Address FieldDSAP Data Self Auditing ProgramDSAP Destination Service Access PointDSAS Data Sharing Architecture SystemDSB DatenschutzbeauftragterDSB Double Side BandDSC Digital Selective Call/CallingDSC Direct Satellite CommunicationsDSC Direct Space ControlDSC Document Structuring Comments/Conventions (Postscript)DSCH Downlink Shared ChannelDSCP Differentiated Services Code PointDSCS Defense Satellite Communications System, USADSD Direct Stream DigitalDSDC Data Segment Descriptor CacheDSDC Dual Socket Direct ConnectDSDD Double Sided Double Density (Floppy)DSDT Data Set Definition TableDSDT Differentiated System Description TableDSE Data Storage EquipmentDSE Data Switching ExchangeDSE Distributed System EnvironmentDSE DSA Specific EntryDSEA Display Station Emulation AdapterDSECT Data/Dummy Control SectionDSEE Domain Software Engineering Environment (HP)DSG Digital Signal GeneratorDSH Desparately Seeking Help (Slang)DSH Dotnet Scripting HostDSHD Double Sided High Density (Floppy)DSI Detailed Spectrum InvestigationDSI Digital Sspeech InterpolationDSI Dynamic Systems Initiative (Microsoft)DSIG Digital SignatureDSIMM Dual RAS SIMMDSIS Distributed Support Information StandardDSK DatenschutzkommissionDSL Damn Small LinuxDSL Dialogue Scripting Language (OSF)DSL Digital Subscriber Line

229

DSL Dynamic Simulation LanguageDSLAC DSL Access ConcentratorDSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access MultiplexerDSLB Digital Subscriber Line BoardDSM Daten-Signal-MultiplexsystemDSM Demand Side ManagementDSM Distributed Shared MemoryDSM Domain Specific ModellingDSMA Digital Sense Multiple AccessDSMIT Distributed SMIT (IBM)DSML Directory Services Markup LanguageDSMLT Distributed Split Multi Link TrunkingDSMX Digitaler SignalmultiplexerDSN Data Source NameDSN Deep Space NetworkDSN Defense Switched NetworkDSN Delivery Status NotificationDSN Digital Switching NetworkDSN Distributed Sensor NetworksDSO Digital Sampling OscilloscopeDSO Dynamic Shared ObjectDSOM Distributed System Object ModelDSOM Distributed Systems Operations and ManagementDSP Delivery Service PartnerDSP Digital Signal/Sound Processing/ProcessorDSP Directory Synchronization/System ProtocolDSP Display Support/Systems ProtocolDSP Domain Specific PartDSPL DatensichtplatzDSPT Display Station Pass ThruDSPU Downstream Physical UnitDSQ Digital SquelchDSQ Double Square (Coding)DSQD Double Sided Quad Density (Floppy)DSR Data Set ReadyDSR Device Status Register/ReportDSR Digitales Satelliten-RadioDSR Document Search and RetrievalDSR Dynamic Source RoutingDSRC Dedicated Short Range Communication


DSRI Deutsche Stiftung für Recht und InformatikDSS Data Security StandardDSS Data Storage Segment/ServerDSS Decision Support SystemDSS Digital Satellite SystemDSS Digital Signature Standard/SystemDSS Digital Spread SpectrumDSS Digital Subscriber SignallingDSS Digitized Sky SurveyDSS Direct Station SelectorDSS Directory and Security ServicesDSS Distributed Security ServiceDSS1 Digital Signalling System No. 1DSSA Domain Specific Software ArchitectureDSSI Digital Standard Systems Interconnect (DEC)DSSI Digital Storage Systems InterconnectDSSS Direct Sequence/Sequencing Spread SpectrumDSSSL Document Style Semantics and Specification LanguageDST DatenstationDST Daylight Saving TimeDST Depleted Substrate TransistorDST Direct Stream TransferDST Dispersive Signal TechnologyDSTN Double Super Twisted Nematic Field Effective MaterialDSU Data/Digital Service/Switching UnitDSUWG Data Systems Users’ Working GroupDSVD Digital Simultaneous Voice and DataDSW Data/Device Status WordDSX Digital Signals Cross-ConnectDT Data Track/Translation/Transmission/Transmit/TypeDT Date + TimeDT Deep Trench (bipolar junction transistor)DT Definition TermDT Delay TimeDT DesktopDT Deutsche TelekomDT Diagnostic TestDT Dial ToneDT Digital/Direct TelevisionDT Digital Termination

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DT Directional TransmissionDT Display TerminalDT Distributed (graphical user interface) ToolkitDT Double TaggingDT DowntimeDTA Datenträger-AustauschDTA DiagnosetestablaufDTA Direct Tape AccessDTA Disk Tranfer AreaDTAB Demountable Tape Automated BondingDTAG Deutsche Telekom AGDTC Data Communications and Terminal ControllerDTC Desktop Communication/ConferencingDTC Distributed TCP CachingDTC Distributed Transaction CoordinatorDTCP Digital Transmission Content/Copy ProtectionDTD Document Type DefinitionDTDS Disaster Tolerant Disk SystemDTE Data Terminal/Terminating EquipmentDTE Dumb Terminal EmulatorDTF Digital Tape Format (Sony)DTF Distributed Test FacilityDTFS Desktop File SystemDTIM Delivery Traffic Indication Map/MessageDTK Deception ToolkitDTK Desired TrackDTK Developer Transition KitDTL Designated Transit ListDTL Dialogue Tag LanguageDTL Diode Transistor LogicDTLA Dynamic Transmit Level AdjustmentDTLB Dual Translation Lookaside BufferDTLS Datagram Transport Layer SecurityDTLS Descriptive Top Level SpecificationDTLS Distributed Teaching, Learning, and ServicesDTM Deterministic Turing MachineDTM Digital Terrain MappingDTMF Data/Dual Tone Multiple FrequencyDTMF Desktop Management Task ForceDTML Document Template Markup Language


DTN Data Transmission NetworkDTN Delay/Disruption Tolerant Network/NetworkingDTN Digital Telephone NetworkDTN Duplex, Tray, Network (printer)DTN Dutch Telecom NetherlandsDTOS Distributed Trusted Operating SystemDTP Desktop PublishingDTP Distributed Transaction Process/ProcessingDTPS Dialer Token PairsDTR Data Terminal ReadyDTR Data Transfer RateDTR Dedicated Token RingDTR Digital TrunkDTS Decode Time StampDTS Digital Termination/Transceiving SystemDTS Digital Theatre Sound/SystemDTS Direct To SOMDTS Distributed Time Server/ServiceDTS Distributed Traffic Shaping (Cisco)DTSS Dartmouth Time Sharing SystemDTSS Digital Time Synchronization ServiceDTTB Digital Terrestrial TV BroadcastingDTV Desktop VideoDTV Digital TelevisionDTVC Desktop Video ConferencingDTX Discontinuous TransmissionDU Disk UsageDUA Directory User Agent (X.500)DUAT Direct User Access TerminalDUCWIC Do You See What I See (Slang)DUe DatenübertragungDUeE Datenübertragungseinheit/-einrichtungDUG Discretionary User GroupDUKATH Drahtlose Universität Karlsruhe (TH)DUL Dial-up User ListDUN Dial-up Networking (Profile)DUNCE Dial-up Network Connection EnhancementDUNDI Distributed Universal Number DiscoveryDUNDIS Direction of United Nations Databases and Information SystemsDUS Datenübertragungssystem

233

DUST DatenübertragungssteuerungDUST DatenumsetzerstelleDUT Device Under TestDUV Data Under VoiceDV DatenverarbeitungDV Delivery Verification (certificate)DV Digital VideoDV Distance VectorDVA DatenverarbeitungsanlageDVA Distance Vector AlgorithmDVB Digital Video Broadcast/BroadcastingDVBH Digital Video Broadcast/Broadcasting HandheldDVBT Digital Video Broadcast/Broadcasting TerrestrialDVC Desktop Video ConferencingDVC Digital Vibrance ControlDVC Digital Video Camera/CassetteDVCR Digital Video Cassette RecordingDVCS Distributed Version Control SystemDVD Dackel Vom DienstDVD Deutsche Vereinigung für DatenschutzDVD Digital Versatile/Video DiscDVD-R Digital Versatile Disk Read Only MemoryDVD-RW Digital Versatile Disk Re-WritableDVD-RAM Digital Versatile Disk Random Access MemoryDVE Digital Video EffectsD-VHS Data VHSDVI Deutsches Video InstitutDVI Device IndependentDVI Digital Video/Visual Interactive/Interface/InterleavedDVL Digital Video LinkDVM Digital VoltmeterDVMRP Distance Vector Multicast Routing ProtocolDVO Dynamic Variable Ordering (Heuristic)DVOF Digital Video Over FibreDVR Digital Video/Voice RecorderDVST DatenvermittlungsstelleDVV DatenverarbeitungsverantwortlicherDW Data Warehouse/WarehousingDW Dual WatchDWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexer/Multiplexing


DWF Drawing Web FormatDWG Drawing (AutoCAD)DWIM Do What I Mean (Slang)DWISNWID Do What I Say Not What I Do (Slang)DWM Diskless Workstation ManagementDWMT Discrete Wavelet Multi ToneDWN Debian Weekly NewsDWS Digitaler WahlstiftDWT Directory WatchDWT Discrete Wavelet Transform/TransformationDWTT Distribution Wide Tracker ToolDX Directory ExchangeDX Weitverkehr, Distance (Funk)DXA Directory Exchange AgentDXB Digital Extended BroadcastingDXB Drawing Exchange BinaryDXC Data Exchange ControlDXC Digital Cross ConnectDXF Data/Drawing Exchange/Interchange File/FormatDXF Data Transfer FileDXG DatexnetzabschlussgerätDXI Data Exchange InterfaceDYHWIH Do You Hear What I Hear (Slang)DYMO Dynamic MANET On-Demand (Routing)DYNSLT Dynamic SelectDYNSRC Dynamic SourceDZUG Deutsche Zope Users Group

E Electronic, End, Enhanced, European, ExtendedE2EG Ear To Ear Grin (Slang)E2U E.164 To URIEA Effective AddressEA Eingabe/Ausgabe, E/AEA Emulsion AggregationEA Extended Address/AttributeEA External AddressEAC Election Assistance Commission, USAEAC European Activities CommitteeEAC Exact Audio Copy

235

EAC Extended Access ControlEACEM European Association of Consumer Electronics ManufacturersEAD Encoded Archival Description (Format)EAD Ethernet-AnschlussdoseEAI Enterprise Application IntegrationEAIM European Alliance for Information ManagementEAL Evaluation Assurance LevelEAM Electronic Accounting MachineryEAN European Advanced Networking (Protocol)EAN European Article NumberEAN Extragalactic Area NetworkEANCOM EDIFACT-Subset KonsumwirtschaftEANTC European Advanced Networking Test CenterEAP Extensible Authentication ProtocolEAPOE Extensible Authentication Protocol Over EthernetEAPOL Extensible Authentication Protocol Over LANEAPS Ethernet Automatic Protection SwitchingEAR Eavesdrop And RegisterEAR Elektro-Altgeräte RegisterEAR Enterprise ArchiveEAR External Access RegisterEARBA Enhanced Adaptive Rate Based AlgorithmEARN European Academic Research NetworkEAROM Electrically Alterable Read Only MemoryEARS Electronic Access to Reference ServicesEARS Electronic Authoring and Routing SystemEARS Explicit Archive and Retrieval SystemEAS Electronic Authorization SystemEAS Enterprise Agreement SubscriptionEAS Extended Area ServiceEASA European Academic Software AwardEASC Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Russia et al.)EASKT Einzelanschluss-KonzentratorEATA Enhanced AT Bus AttachmentEAWR EingabeauswahlknotenregisterEAX Environmental Audio ExtensionsEAZ Endgeräteauswahlziffer (ISDN)EBASIC Extended BASICEBC EFI Byte CodeEBC EISA Bus Controller


EBCDIC Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (IBM)EBCOT Embedded Block Coding with Optimized TruncationEBCT Electron Beam Computed TomographyEBD Emergency Boot DiskEBI Equivalent/Extended Background Input/InvestigationEBL Electronic Bearing LineEBM Electronic Bearing MarkerEBNF Erweiterte (Extended) Backus-Naur-FormEBONE European BackboneEBP Electronic Bill PresentmetEBP Elektronisches BriefpapierEBP Extended Base PointerEBPNN Error Back Propagation Neural NetworkEBPP Electric Bill Presentment and PaymentEBR Excessive Burst RateEBR Extended Boot RecordEBS Event Based SamplingEBT Electronic Benefits TransferEBTF European Banking Technology FairEBU European Broadcasting UnionEBV Elektronische BildverarbeitungEBX Electronic Book ExchangeEBXM Electronic Business XMLEC Echo CancellationEC Educational ComputerEC Electronic Cash/CommerceEC End ChainEC Error ControlEC European CommunityEC Evolutionary ComputingEC Exchange CarrierEC Executive CommiteeECA Event, Condition, ActionECAD Electronic Computer Aided DesignECAL Enjoy Computing And LearnECAS Exchange Card Architecture SpecificationECAT Electronic Card Assembly and TestECB Electronic Code BookECB Event Control BlockECBS European Committee for Banking Standards

237

ECC Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem/CryptographyECC Enter Cable ChangeECC Error Check/Correction Circuit/CodeECC Error Checking and CorrectingECCC Electronic Colloquium on Computational ComplexityECCN Export Control Classification NumberECCOS Electronic Card Catalog + Ordering SystemECD Enhanced Colour DisplayECD Enhanced Compact DiscECDH Elliptic Curve Diffie HellmanECDL European Computer Driving LicenseECDLP Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm ProblemECDSA Elliptic Curve Digital Signature AlgorithmECDT Embedded Controller Boot Resources (Description) TableECEF Earth-centered Earth-fixedECF Enhanced Connectivity FacilityECG Electronic Content GuideECHO European Community Host OrganisationECI Europäisches Computer Informationszentrum, BonnECI External Call InterfaceECIN Electronic Commerce Info NetECIS European Committee for Interoperable SystemsECL Emitter Coupled LogicECL Execution Control ListECLF Extended Log File FormatECM Electronic Control ModuleECM Enhanced Coprocessor MountECM Enterprise Content ManagementECM Entity Connection/Coordination ManagementECM Error Correcting/Correction ModeECMA European Computer Manufacturers AssociationECN Electronic Communications NetworkECN Explicit Congestion NotificationECNE Enterprise Certified NetWare Engineer (Novell)ECO Electron Coupled Oscillator, Electronic Commerce ForumECODU European Control Data Users GroupECOM Electronic CommerceECOM Electronic Computer Originated MailECOM Emergency/Exterior CommunicationsECOMA European Computer Measurement Association


ECOOP European Conference on Object Oriented ProgrammingECP Enhanced/Extended Capabilities Port (Microsoft)ECP Excessive Cross-PostingECPA Electronic Communications Privacy ActECR Efficient Consumer ResponseECRC European Computer Industry Research CentreECRIT Emergency Context Resolution with Internet TechnologiesECS Embedded Computing SystemECS Encryption Control SignalECS Enhanced Chip SetECS European Common StandardECS European Communications SatelliteECSD Enhanced Circuit Switched DataECSI European Custom Systems IntegrationECSS Exalted Carrier Single SidebandECTF Enterprise Computer Telephony ForumECTL Electronic Communal Temporal LobeECU EISA Configuration UtilityED Edge DeviceED End DelimiterED Erase DisplayED2K EDonkey2000EDA Electronic Design AutomationEDA Embedded Document ArchitectureEDA Event Driven ArchitectureEDA Explorative DatenanalyseEDAB Extended Digital Audio BroadcastingEDAC Error Detection And CorrectionEDAP Extraordinary Data Availability and ProtectionEDB Embedded Data BaseEDC Electronic Digital ComputerEDC Enhanced Data CorrectionEDC Error Detection and CorrectionEDC Error Detection CodeEDCA Enhanced Distributed Channel AccessEDCF Enhanced Distributed Coordination FunctionEDD Enhanced Disk DriveEDDC Extended Distance Data CableEDE Encrypt Decrypt EncryptEDF Earliest Deadline First

239

EDFA Erbium Doped Fiber AmplifierEDG Electronic/Email Discussion GroupsEDG Environmental Data GatheringEDG Environmental Database GatewayEDG EOS Data GatewayEDG European Data GridEDGAR Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and RetrievalEDGE Enhanced Data Rates for GSM EvolutionEDGE Explicit Data Graph ExecutionEDI Electronic Data/Document InterchangeEDIBDB EDIFACT-Subset BaumärkteEDID Extended Display Identification DataEDIFACT Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce and Transport (UN, DIN)EDIFICE EDIFACT-Subset ElektroindustrieEDIFURN EDIFACT-Subset MöbelindustrieEDIOFFICEEDIFACT-Subset BürobedarfEDITEX EDIFACT-Subset TextilindustrieEDL Edit Decision ListEDL Encapsulator/Enterprise Definition/Description LanguageEDLC Ethernet Data Link ControlEDM Engineering Data ManagementEDMS Electronic Document Management SystemEDMS Enterprise Desktop Management ServicesEDO Enhanced/Extended Data Out/Output (DRAM)EDOC Electronic DocumentEDOC Enterprise Distributed Object ComputingEDP Electronic Data ProcessingEDP Enhanced Dot PitchEDPM Electronic Data Processing MachineEDPS Electronic/Enhanced Data Processing SystemEDR Enhanced Data RateEDR External Developer RelaeaseEDRAM Enhanced Dynamic Random Access MemoryEDS Electronic DIP SwitchEDS Elektronisches DatenvermittlungssystemEDS Experimental Distributed SystemEDSAC Electronic Delay Storage Automatic CalculatorEDSI Enhanced Small Device InterfaceEDSL Ethernet Digital Subscriber LineEDSRA Earth Data System Reference Application


EDSS European Digital Subscriber SystemEDTV Enhanced/Extended Definition TelevisionEDU educational; Internet-Domain: Universitäten in USAEDV Elektronische/Experimentelle Daten-VerarbeitungEDVA Erbium doped Fiber AmplifierEDVAC Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic ComputerEE Electronic/Extended EditionEE EndeinrichtungEEC Extended Error CorrectionEEDID Enhanced Extended Display Identification DataEEE Energy Efficient EthernetEEEPROM Emulated Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only MemoryEEFL External Electrode Fluorescent LampEEHLLAPI Entry Emulator HLLAPIEEHO Either End Hop OffEEL Epsilon Extension LanguageEEM Extended Memory ManagementEEMA European Electronic Messaging AssociationEEMAC Electrical + Electronic Manufacturers of CanadaEEMS Enhanced Expanded Memory Specification/SupportEEP Equal Error ProtectionEEPAL Electrically Erasable Programmable Array LogicEEPI Electronic Entertainment Policy InititativeEEPLD Electrically Erasable Programmable Logic DeviceEEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only MemoryEES Escrowed Encryption StandardEESA Enterprise Extensions SMART AccessedEF Externer FehlerEFA Extended File AttributeEFAC Extended File Access ControlEFCI Explicit Forward Congestion IdentificationEFF Electronic Frontier FoundationEFI Electromechanical Frequency InterferenceEFI Electronics For ImagingEFI Extensible Firmware InterfaceEFIP European Federation of Interconnection and PackagingEFISC Enhanced Fast Instruction Set ComputerEFL Emitter Follower LogicEFLA Extended Four Letter AcronymEFM Eight-by/to-Fourteen Modulation

241

EFR Enhanced Full RateEFRC Enhanced Full Rate CODECEFS Electronic Filing SystemEFS Enhanced/Encrypted/Encrypting/Enterprise/Episode/Extent File SystemEFS Extended File (Name) ServerEFT Electronic Funds TransferEFT Euro File TransferEFTP Easy File Transfer ProtocolEFTS Electronic Funds Transfer SystemEFUe Emissionsdaten-FernübertragungEG Evil Grin (Slang)EG Exterior GatewayEGA Enhanced Graphics Adaptor/ArrayEGC (Inmarsat) Enhanced Group CallEGD Entropy Gathering DaemonEGEE Enabling Grids for E-Science in EuropeEGG Gesetz zum Elektronischen GeschäftsverkehrEGK Elektronische Gesundheitskarte (eGK)EGL Embedded-Systems Graphics LibraryEGL Enterprise Generation LanguageEGN EinzelgebührennachweisEGNOS European Geostationary Navigation Overlay SystemEGP Exterior Gateway Protocol (Internet)EGPCS Environment, GET, POST, Cookies, ServerEGPE Extended Generalized Programming EnvironmentEGPRS Enhanced General Packet Radio ServiceEGW Edge GatewayEHCI Enhanced Host Controller InterfaceEHF Extremely High FrequencyEHKP Einheitliches höheres KommunikationsprotokollEHLLAPI Emulator High Level Language Application Programming InterfaceEHR Electronic Health RecordEHS European Home SystemEHSA European Home Systems AssociationEIA Electronic Industries Alliance, USAEIAJ Electronics Industry Association of JapanEIB European Installation BusEIBA European Installation Bus AssociationEIBIEM Enhanced Interactive Business Integrating Environment ManagerEICAR European Institute for Computer Anti-Virus Research


EICTA European Information, Communications + Consumer Electronics Industry Technology AssociationEID Electronic IdentityEID Electronic Information DisplayEIDE Enhanced Integrated Drive ElectronicsEIDP Electronic Information Developers ProgramEIES Electronic Information Interchange SystemEIES European Information Exchange Service for the Communication between Harbour AreasEIFS Extended Inter Frame SpaceEIGRP Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing ProtocolEIM Electronic Image ManagementEIMS Eudora Internet Mail ServerEIN European Informatics NetworkEIP Enterprise Informational PortalEIP Extended Instruction PointerEIP Extended IP (Internet)EIR Equipment Identity RegisterEIRP Effective/Equivalent Isotropically Radiated PowerEIS Electronic/Employee/Emergency Information Services/SystemEIS Enterprise/Executive/Expert Information SystemEISA Extended Industry Standard ArchitectureEISS Europäisches Institut für SystemsicherheitEIST Enhanced Intel Speedstep TechnologyEIT Event Information TableEITI European Interconnect Technology InitiativeEITO European Information Technology ObservatoryEIUF European ISDN User ForumEIV Encryption Initialization VectorEJB Enterprise Java BeansEJO Electronic Journal OnlineEK Editor KitEK Event KernelEKT Envelope-Kanal-TeilerEKTS Electronic Key Telephone Service/SetsEL Electroluminiscent (Display)EL ElevationEL Embedded LinuxEL Erase LineELAN Educational/Elementary LanguageELAN Emulated Local Area NetworkELANC Enhanced Local Area Network Controller

243

ELC Embedded Linking and ControlELC Embedded Linux ConsortiumELD Electroluminescent DisplayELD Electronic License DistributionELEC Embedded Linux Expo + ConferenceELEC Enterprise Local Exchange CarrierELENA Elektronischer EinkommensnachweisELF Executable and Linkable/Linking FormatELF Extremely Low FrequencyELFEXT Equal Level Far End CrosstalkELFF Extended Log File FormatELGA Elektronische lebenslange GesundheitsakteELKS Embeddable Linux Kernel SubsetELM Electronic Mail (system)ELOD Erasable Laser Optical DiskELOS Electro Optical SynergyELOS Embedded Lightweight Operating SystemELP Education License ProgramELS Entry Level SystemELSA Enhanced Linux System AccountingELSPA European Leisure Software Publishers AssosciationELSTER Elektronische Steuer-ErklärungELT Emergency Locator TransmitterELV Electronic/Extra Low VoltageELV Elektronisches LastschriftvefahrenELWIS Elektronisches Wasserstrassen-Informationssystem für die BinnenschifffahrtEM Electronic MailEM End of MediumEM End-host MulticastEM Expanded MemoryEMA Electronic Mail AssociationEMA Enterprise Management Architecture (DEC)EMAC European Market Awareness and Education CommitteeEMACS Editing Macros (GNU)EMACS Escape-Meta-Alt-Control-Shift (Slang)EMAIL Electronic MailEMAS Edinburgh Multi-Access SystemEMB Enhanced Master BurstEMB Extended Memory BlockEMC Electromagnetic Compatibility


EMC Electronic Mail ConnectionEMC Extended Math CoprocessorEMCC Eckert-Mauchly Computer CompanyEME Earth - Moon - Earth (Connection)EME Electromagnetic EnvironmentEMEA Europe, Middle East, and AfricaEMEA European Medicinal Evaluation Agency, LondonEMF Electromagnetic Field/ForceEMF Enhanced Meta FileEMFBI Excuse Me For Butting In (Slang)EMFIS Emerging Markets Financial ServicesEMHS Electronic Message Handling SystemsEMI Electric & Musical IndustriesEMI Electromagnetic InterferenceEMI External Memory InterfaceEML European Media Lab, HeidelbergEMM Enterprise Mail ManagerEMM Expanded Memory ManagerEMP Electromagnetic PulseEMP Excessive Multi-Posting/Multiple PostingEMPA Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und ForschungsanstaltEMR Electromagnetic RadiationEMR Electronic Mail RegistrationEMR Enhanced Metafile RecordEMS Electronic Mail SystemEMS Electronic/Enhanced Message ServiceEMS Energy Management SystemEMS Enhanced Messaging ServiceEMS Expanded Memory SpecificationEMSAPI Extended Messaging Services Application Programming InterfaceEMSEC Emanations SecurityEMSEC Embedded Security (group), UCLAEMT Embedded Management ToolEMUG European MAP Users GroupEMV Elektromagnetische VerträglichkeitEMVG Gesetz über die elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit von GerätenEMVU Elektromagnetische Veträglichkeit zur UmweltEMX Enterprise Mail ExchangeEN End NodeEN European Norm

245

ENA Electronic Networking AssociationENCMM Ethernet Network Control + Management ModuleENDEC Encoder/DecoderENDF Evaluated Nuclear Data FileENDS Ends SegmentENFIA Exchange Network Facilities For Interstate AccessENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator And ComputerENISA European Network and Information Security AgencyENITH European Network for Information Technology in Human ServicesENL European Network LaboratoriesENP Ethernet Node ProcessorENQ EnquiryENS Enterprise Network System/Services/SwitchENSS European Navigation Satellite SystemENSS Exterior Nodal Switching Subsystem (Internet)ENUM (T)Elephone Number MappingEO Electro OpticalEO Europe OnlineEOA End Of AddressEOB End Of BlockEOC Embedded Operations ChannelEOC End Of Character/Conversion/CycleEOD End Of DataEOD End Of Discussion (Slang)EOF ECC On the FlyEOF End Of Field/File/FlameEOF Enterprise Objects FrameworkEOI End Of Image/InterruptEOI End Or IdentifyEOJ End Of JobEOL End Of Life/Line/ListEOL Europa OnlineEOM End Of Message/MeckereiEOM Erasable Optical MemoryEON Enhanced (Information Concerning) Other NetworksEOP End Of Page/PartitionEOR End Of RecordEOR Exclusive Or (auch: XOR)EOS Educational Online SourcesEOS Electro Optical System (Canon)


EOS End Of StringEOS Error Correction Code On SIMMEOSAT Earth Observation SatelliteEOSDIS Earth Observing System Data and Information System (NASA)EOT Embedded Open TypeEOT End of Tape/Transaction/Transmission/Table/TextEOTC European Organization for Testing and CertificationEOU Ease Of UseEOU End Of UserEOUG European Oracle Users GroupEPA Environmental Protection Agency, USAEPA Europäisches Patentamt, MünchenEPA Execution Path AnalysisEPAC Enhanced Perceptual Audio CodingEPC Electronic Product CodeEPEAT Electronics Product Environmental Assessment ToolEPG Electronic Program GuideEPI Enhanced Parallel InterfaceEPI Execute Programmer Immediately (Slang)EPI External Presentation InterfaceEPIC Electronic Privacy Information Center, USAEPIC Explicitly Parallel Instruction (Set) ComputingEPIRB Emergency Position Indicating Radio BeaconEPL Effective Prvilege LevelEPL Ethernet PowerlinkEPLD Electronic/Erasable Programmable Logic DeviceEPM Enterprise Process ManagementEPMAP Electronic Publishing Mapping ProjectEPO Emergency Power OffEPO Entry Point ObscuringEPOE Enhanced Power Over EthernetEPP Enhanced Parallel PortEPP Ethernet Packet ProcessorEPPT European Printer Performance TestEPRCA Enhanced Proportional Rate Control AlgorithmEPRML Enhanced Partial Response Maximum LikelihoodEPROM Erasable Programmable Read Only MemoryEPS Electronic Publishing SystemEPS Encapsulated PostscriptEPS Enterprise Parallel Server (HP)

247

EPSCS Enhanced Private Switched Communications ServiceEPSF Encapsulated Postscript File FormatEPSI Encapsulated Postscript Interchange FormatEPSMA European Power Supply Manufacturers AssociationEPSR Ethernet Protection Switching RingEPSS Experimental Packet Switching ServiceEPU Energy Processing UnitEQ EqualizerER Entity RelationshipER Explicit RateER Externer RechnerERA Elementarer/Eingeschränkter Regulärer AusdruckERA Extended Registry AttributeERAS Electronic Routing and Approval SystemERBIS Einheitliches Rechnerunterstütztes BetriebsführungssystemERC European Radiocommunication CommitteeERC European Research CouncilERC Explicit Route ControlERC External Relations CommitteeERCIM European Research Consortium for Informatics and Applied MathematicsERD Emergency Repair DiscERD Entity Relationship DiagramERE Extended Regular ExpressionERESC European Register of Stolen ComputersEREW Exclusive Read, Exclusive Write (PRAM)ERG European Regulators GroupERI Emergency Recovery InformationERIC Educational Resources Information Center, USAERL Echo Return LossERLL Enhanced Run Length LimitedERM EMC and Radio MattersERM Entity/Enterprise Relationship ModelERMA Electronic Recording Method, Accounting (General Electric)ERMES European Messaging SystemERMES European Radio Message Service/SystemERN Explicit Route NumberERO European Radiocommunications OfficeEROM Erasable Read Only MemoryERP Effective Radiated PowerERP Endpoint Routing Protocol


ERP Enterprise Resource PlanningERR ErrorERS Evidence Record SyntaxERU Emergency Recovery Unit/UtilityES Elektronische SignaturES Elementary StreamES Endsystem, End SystemES Enhanced SecurityES Expanded StoreES Extra SegmentESA Enterprise System ArchitectureESA European Space AgencyESATA External Serial ATAESB Einseitenband, Single Side BandESB Enterprise Service BusESC Electronic Support Center/CentreESC EscapeESC European Support Center (Novell)ESCD Extended Setup/System Configuration DataESC/I Epson Standard Code for Image ReadersESC/P Epson Printer LanguageESCM Extended Services Communications ManagerESCON Enterprise Systems Connection (Architecture) (IBM)ESD Electronic Software DistributionESD Electronic System DesignESD Electrostatic DischargeESD Emergency Shutdown DeviceESD Emergency Startup DiskESD Entry Systems DivisionESDA Electronic System Design AutomationESDC Extra Segment Descriptor CacheESDI Enhanced Small/System Device InterfaceESDP Enhanced Service Discovery ProfileESDRAM Enhanced Synchronous Dynamic RAMESE Ethernet Switching EngineESE Expert System EnvironmentESE Extensible Storage EngineESF Eureka Software FactoryESF Extended Superframe FormatESG Earth System Grid

249

ESH End System Hello PDUESHG Elektrische Systemtechnik für Heim und GebäudeESI Electrostatic InterferenceESI End System IdentifierESI Enhanced Serial InterfaceESI European Software InstituteESI External Systems InterfaceESIG European SMDS Interest GroupESIS End System to Intermediate System Protocol (OSI)ESM Enterprise Security ManagerESM Ethernet Switching ModuleESMR Enhanced Specialized Mobile RadioESMS European Satellite Multimedia ServicesESMTP Extended Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (Internet)ESN Electronic Serial NumberESOC European Space Operation CentreESOSL Endless Snorts Of Stupid Laughter (Slang)ESP Early Support ProgramESP Electronic Shock/Skip ProtectionESP Encapsulating Security PayloadESP Enhanced Serial PortESP Enhanced Service ProviderESP Enterprise System PlatformESP Eudora Sharing ProtocolESP Extended Stack PointerESPRIT European Strategic Programme for Research in Information TechnologyESR Equivalent Series ResistanceESR Event Service RoutineESRO Efficient Short Remote OperationsESS Electronic Switching SystemESS Enterprise Storage Server (IBM)ESS Environmental Stress ScreeningESS Extended Service SetESSID Extended Service Set IdentifierESTSC Energy Science + Technology Software CenterESU Electrostatic UnitESU Europäische Standardüberweisung (eBanking)ESUG European Smalltalk Users GroupESV ElektronikschrottverordnungETA Estimated Time of Arrival


ETACS Extended Total Access Communication SystemETANN Electrically Trainable Analog Neural Network (Intel)ETB End of Transmission BlockETC Electronic Toll CollectionETC Enhanced Throughput Cellular (modem protocol)ETD Estimated Time of DepartureETDD Electrical Time Division Demultiplexer/DemultiplexingETDM Electrical Time Division Multiplexer/MultiplexingETE Entry to ExitETF Enriched Text FormatETFTP Enhanced Trivial File Transfer ProtocolETI Extended Terminal InterfaceETIN Elektronische Transfer-Identifikations-NummerETL Extract, Transform, LoadETM Exchange Telephone ManagerETN Electronic Tandem NetworkETNS European Telephony Numbering SpaceETOL Evil Twin On Line (Slang)ETOM Electron Trapping Optical MemoryETOX EPROM Tunnel OxideETR Early Token ReleaseETRN Extended Turn (command)ETS EIB Tool SoftwareETS Electronic Tracking SystemETS European Telecommunication StandardETSA European Telecommunication Services AssociationETSI European Telecommunications Standards InstituteETX End of TextEU Elektronische UnterschriftEU Execution UnitEUC End User ComputingEUC Enhanced/Extended UNIX CodeEUCIP European Certification of IT ProfessionalsEUD Extended U-shape Cell DeviceEUDC End User Defined CharacterEUI End User InterfaceEUI Extended Unique IdentifierEULA End User License AgreementEUNET European UNIX NetworkEURID European Reguistry of Internet Domain Names

251

EUROPEN Dachverband europäischer UNIX-AnwendervereinigungenEUSES End Users Shaping Effective SoftwareEUUG Extragalactic/European Unix User GroupEUV Extreme Ultra Violet (Lithography)EV EtagenverteilerEV European VideotelephonyEV Extended ValidationEVA Eingabe, Verarbeitung, AusgabeEVA Elektronische Fahrplan- und VerkehrsauskunftEVA Elektronischer Verkehrslotse für AutofahrerEVA Elektronisches Volltext-Archiv, KarlsruheEVA Empfangs- und VerteilanlageEVA Enhanced Video AdapterEVAS EDV-gestütztes Vereins-Administrations-SystemEVD Enhanced Versatile DiscEVE European Video TelephonyEVE Exklusiver Verzeichnis-Eintrag (Datex-J)EVGA Extended Video Graphics Array/AdapterEVL Electronic Visualization Laboratory, ChicagoEVM Embedded Virtual MachineEVMS Enterprise Volume Management SystemEVN EinzelverbindungsnachweisEVO Elektro-Schrott-VerordnungEVP Enhanced Virus ProtectionEVR Enhanced Video RendererEVS Event Service (OSF)EVU Elektrizitäts-/EnergieversorgungsunternehmenEWOS European Workshop on Open Systems (OSI)EWS Employee Written Software (IBM)EWSD Elektronisches Wählsystem, digitalEWSM Elektronisches Wählsystem für MANsEWSP Elektronisches Wählsystem für PaketvermittlungEWTS Enterprise Web Training SystemEXAPT Extended Subset of APTEXCA Exchangeable Card ArchitectureEXCH ExchangeEXFCB Extended File Control BlockEXIF Exchangeable Image File FormatEXM Enterprise Messaging ExchangeEXP Exponent


EXT ExternalEXTRN External ReferenceEXUG European X User GroupEZV Elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr

F Federation, Fernmelde-, Field, File, Francais, FunkF!FF Forum Informatiker für Frieden und gesellschaftliche VerantwortungF2F Face to Face (Slang)FA FernmeldeamtFA For Auction (Slang)FA Front End ApplicationFA Full Adder, Fermeldeamt, FernamtFAB (Chip) Fabrication PlantFABS Fast Access Btree StructureFAC Fast Access ChannelFAC File Access CodeFAC Final Assembly CodeFACCH Fast Associated Control ChannelFACL Full Access Control ListFACS Fibronics Advanced Cabling SystemFACS Firmware ACPI Control StructureFACT Federation Automatic Coding TechnologiesFADA File Access Data UnitFADC Fast/Flash Analog to Digital ConverterFADT Fixed ACPI Description TableFAE Field Apllications EngineerFAF File Attribute FileFAFWOA For A Friend Without Access (Slang)FAG FernmeldeanlagengesetzFAI Fournisseurs d’Acces InternetFAI Fully Automatic InstallationFAID Flash Authority Identification DataFAL File Access ListenerFAM File Alteration MonitorFAMOS Floating Gate Avalanche MOSFAN Family Area NetworkFAP File Access ProtocolFAPI Family Application Program InterfaceFAPL Format and Protocol Language

253

FAQ Frequently Asked Questions (Netnews)FAQ Fragen, Antworten, Quellen der Erleuchtung (Netnews)FAQ Foire Aux Questions (Netnews)FAQL FAQ ListFAR False Acceptance RateFARE Film Automatic Retouching and EnhancementFARNET Federation of American Research NetworksFAS FahrassistenzsystemFAS Frame Alignment SignalFASC Future of the Amateur Service CommitteeFASIC Function- and Algorithm-Specific Integrated CircuitFAST Fast Access Stationary Tape Guide TransportFAT File Allocation TableFAXT Far End CrosstalkFAXTAM Fax and Telephone Answering MachineFB Fiber BackboneFB Fine Business (Slang)FB Fully BufferedFBAS Farb-Bild-Austast-Synchronsignal (RGB-Signal)FBD Fully Buffered DIMMFBE Free Buffer Enquiry (Arcnet)FBIS Foreign Broadcast Information ServiceFBLINU Forum für blinde und sehbehinderte InternetnutzerFBO Frame Buffer ObjectFBPP Federal Biometric Protection ProfileFBRM Fractional Bit Rate ModulationFBS Fernbedienungs- und SteuerungssystemFC Federal CriteriaFC Fibre ChannelFC File CatalogueFC Flip ChipFC Flow ControlFC Forward CheckingFC Frame ControlFCA Fibre Channel AssociationFC-AL Fiber Channel Arbitrated LoopFCB File Control BlockFCB Future Communications BusFCC Federal Communications Commission, USAFCC File Carbon Copy


FCCH Frequency Correction ChannelFCCSET Federal Coordination Committee on Science, Engineering and TechnologyFCD Final Committee DraftFCD Floating Car DataFCD Foundation for Communication for the DisabledFCFS First Come First ServedFCI flux changes per inchFCIA Fibre Channel Industry AssociationFCIF Full Common Intermediate FormatFCL FORTRAN Command LanguageFCLC Fibre Channel Loop CommunityFCP Fibre Channel ProtocolFCPGA Flip Chip Pin Grid ArrayFCRAM Fast Cycle (Dynamic) Random Access MemoryFCS Fibre Channel StandardFCS First Customer ShipmentFCS Frame Check SequenceFCSI Fiber Channel Systems InitiativeFCT Fast CMOS TechnologyFCT Firewall Configuration ToolFCVC Flow Controlled Virtual ChannelFD Finite DomainFD Floppy DiskFD Full DuplexFDB Fluid Dynamic BearingFDC Final Committee DraftFDC Floppy Disk ControllerFDCC Formal Definitions of Cultural ConventionsFDD Feature Driven DevelopmentFDD Floppy Disk DriveFDDI Fiber Digital/Distributed Data InterfaceFDDI TP-PMDFDDI Twisted Pair Physical Layer Medium DependentFDDI/UTP FDDI Unshielded Twisted PairFDDT FDDI Full Duplex TechnologyFDE Full Disc EncryptionFDE Full Duplex EthernetFDES Full Duplex EtherSwitchFDF Forms Data FormatFDFDDI Full Duplex FDDIFDFS File Descriptor File System

255

FDI Flash Data IntegratorFDISK Fixed DiskFDL Factory Data LinkFDL File Definition LanguageFDL (GNU) Free Documentation LicenseFDM Flight Dynamic ModelFDM Frequency Division Multiplexer/MultiplexingFDMA Frequency Division Multiple/Multiplex AccessFDOCA Formatted Data Object Content ArchitectureFDP Form Description ProgramFDR Frame Drop RateFDSE Full Duplex Switched EthernetFDSL Fixed Directory Subscriber ListFDSL Flexible Digital Subscriber LineFDT Formal Description TechniqueFDX Full Duplex (transmission)FE Finite ElementeFE Focus ErrorFE Format EffektorFE Frame/Framing ErrorFEA Fast Ethernet AllianceFEA Fractal Element AntennaFEAL Fast Data Encipherment AlgorithmFEBE Far End Block ErrorFEC Fast EtherChannel (Cisco)FEC Floating Electrode Capacitor CellFEC Forward Equivalence ClassFEC Forward Error CorrectionFEC Front End ClippingFECN Forward Explicit Congestion NotificationFED Fachverband Elektronik Design e. V.FED Field Emission Device/DisplayFEDIS Finite Element Data Interchange SpecificationFEM Finite-Elemente-MethodeFEP Firewall Enhancement ProtocolFEP Front End ProcessorFEPIM Fast Ethernet Port Interface ModuleFER Frame Erasure RateFERAM Ferroelectric Random Access MemoryFERF Far End Receive Failure


FEST Finite Element Simulation TechniqueFEST Framework for European TelemedicineFET Feldeffekt-TransistorFEXT Far End CrosstalkFF Fieldbus FoundationFF First Fail (Principle)FF FlipflopFF Form FeedFFA Free For AllFFAPI File Format APIFFDT FDDI Full Duplex Technology (DEC)FFGF File Framework Generator and FormatterFFI Foreign Function InterfaceFFII Förderverein für eine Freie Informationelle InfrastrukturFFM File-on-File Mounting File SystemFFOL FDDI Follow-On LANFFR For Future ReleaseFFS Fast/Flash File SystemFFS Flexibles FertigungssystemFFS For Free ServerFFSN Fast Flux Service NetworkFFT Fast Fourier Transform/TransformationFFT Full Frame TransferFFTP Fast Food Transfer Protocol (Mampfnet)FG Feature GroupFG ForegroundFG Frame GroundFGA Feature Group AFGB Feature Group BFGC First Global CommerceFGD Feature Group DFGDC Federal Geographic Data CommitteeFGF Forschungsgemeinschaft FunkFGS Fair Group SchedulingFGV FernmeldegebührenvorschriftenFH Frame HandlerFHS Filesystem Hierarchy StandardFHS For Heaven’s Sake (Slang)FHSS Frequency Hopping Spread SpectrumFI Feature Interaction

257

FI Form InterpreterFI Full InterchangeabilityFIAWOL Fandom Is A Way Of Life (Slang)FICON Fiber ConnectivityFID File/Format/Frequency Identifier/IdentificationFIF Fachinformation in FachhochschulenFIF Fractal Image FormatFIFF Forum InformatikerInnen für den Frieden e. V.FIFO First In, First Out (Speicher)FILO First In, Last Out (Speicher)FIMS Forms Integration Management StandardFINCEN Financial Crimes Enforcement NetworkFINTS Financial Transaction ServicesFIP File Processor BufferingFIPR Foundation of Information Policy Research, UKFIPS Federal Information Processing Standard, USAFIQ Fast Interrupt RequestFIR Fast Infrared CommunicationFIR Finite Impulse ResponseFIR Full Intra RequestFIRP Federal Internetworking Requirements Panel (NIST)FIRST Fraunhofer-Institut für Rechnerarchitektur und Softwaretechnik, BerlinFIRST Forum of Incident Response and Security TeamsFIS Financial Information SystemFISA Foreign Intelligence Surveillance ActFISH First In, Still Here (Slang)FISMA Federal Information Security Management Act, USAFIT Fachauschuss für Information und TelekommunikationFIT Failures In TimeFIT Fingerprint Identification TechnologyFIT Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik, Sankt AugustinFITB Fill In The Blank (Slang)FITL Fiber In The LoopFITNR Fixed In The Next Release (Slang)FITS Flexible Image Transport SystemFITUG Förderverein Informatik und Gesellschaft e. V.FIX Federal Information/Internet ExchangeFIZ FachinformationszentrumFK Family KeyFKTG Fernseh- und Kinotechnische Gesellschaft


FL Fiber LinkFLA Full Look AheadFLAC Free Lossless Audio CodecFLAIM Flexible and Adaptable Information ManagerFLAME Flexible Application Program Interface for Module-based EnvironmentsFLASK Flux Advanced Security KernelFLBGA Fine Line Ball Grid ArrayFLC Ferro-electric Liquid CrystalFLC First Level CacheFLI Font LibraryFLIC FORTRAN Language for Industrial ControlFLIT Flexowriter Interrogation TapeFLL Frequency Locked LoopFLN Family Life NetworkFLN Fuzzy Lattice NeurocomputingFLOF Full Level One FeatureFLOP Floating Point OperationFLOPS Floating Point Operations per SecondFLOSS Free/Libre Open Source SoftwareFLP Fast Link PulseFLT FertigungsleittechnikFLUVIS Fluid Dynamics Visualization in a Virtual WindtunnelFM Facility/Fault/Function ManagementFM Frequenzmodulation, Frequency ModulationFMA Fault ManagementFMA Fused Multiply-AddFMAC Floating Point Multiply AccumulateFMC Fan Monitor ConnectorFMC Flexible Manufacturing CellFMC Flight Management ComputerFMCW Frequency Modulated Continuous WaveFMD Fluorescence Multilayer DiskFMD FunkmessdienstFME FunkmeldeempfängerFMEA Failure Mode and Effects AnalysisFMH Function Management HeaderFMI Fixed Mobile IntegrationFML Forms Markup LanguageFMP Flow Management ProtocolFMP Functional Multiprocessor/-processing

259

FMS Facility/File/Forms Management SystemFMS FernmeldesystemFMS Fieldbus Message SpecificationFMS Flexible Manufacturing SystemFMS FunkmeldesystemFMV Full Motion VideoFN Fiber NodeFNA File Name/Attribute Augmentation FacilityFNA Formerly Known As (Slang)FNA Functional Needs AnalysisFNA Functional Network ArchitectureFNC Federal Networking Council, USAFNL Fortran Numerical LibraryFO FernmeldeordnungFO Fiber OpticsFOAF Friend Of A Friend (Slang)FOC Fiber Optic CableFOC Free Of ChargeFOC Full Operational CapabilityFOD Fax On DemandFOD Foreign Object DamageFOF Factor Out FailureFOIA Freedom Of Information Act, USAFOIP Fax Over Internet ProtocolFOIRL Fiber Optic Inter Repeater LinkFOL First-Order LogicFOLDOC Free On-Line Dictionary Of ComputingFOLED Flexible Organic Light Emitting DisplayFOMA Freedom Of Multimedia AccessFOMAU Fiber Optic Medium Attachment UnitFOOBAR FTP Operation Over Big Address RecordsFORTRAN Formula TranslatorFORTWIHR Forschungsverbund für technisch-wissenschaftliches HochleistungsrechnenFOSDEM Free and Open Source Developers’ European MeetingFOSI Formatting Output Specification InstanceFOSS Free and Open Source SoftwareFOSSIL Fido-Opus-Seadog Standard Interface LayerFOV Field Of ViewFP Fabri-Perrot (-Laser)FP False Positive


FP Fiber PassiveFP Fixed PartFP Floating PointFPAD Field Programmable Address DecoderFPAL Field Programmable Array LogicFPD Flat Panel DisplayFPDP Front Panel Data PortFPGA Field Programmable Gate ArrayFPIC Field Programmable Interconnect CircuitFPK Fast Packet KeyingFPLA Field Programmable Logic ArrayFPLD Field Programmable Logic DeviceFPLMTS Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunications SystemFPLS Field Programmable Logic SequencerFPM Fast Packet MultiplexingFPM Fast Page Mode (DRAM)FPML Field Programmable Macro LogicFPO For Placement Only (image)FPODA Fixed Assignment PODAFPP Fast Parallel PortFPP Fixed Path ControlFPP Floating Point ProcessorFPP Fraud Prevention PoolFPP Full Packaged ProductFPS Fast Packet SwitchingFPS First Person ShooterFPS For Pay ServerFPS Frames per SecondFPT Force/Forced Perfect TerminationFPU File Preparation UnitFPU Floating Point UnitFPX Flash Pix (Format)FQDN Fully Qualified Domain Name (Internet)FQHN Fully Qualified Host Name (Internet)FR Frame RelayFRAD Frame Relay Access DeviceFRAD Frame Relay Assembler/DisassemblerFRAM Ferroelectric/Ferromagnetic Random Access MemoryFRAP Frame Relay Access ProtocolFRC Full Rate Channel

261

FRC Functional Redundancy CheckingFRCA Fast Response Cache AcceleratorFRDS Failure Resistant Disk SystemFRE Full Regular ExpressionFREQNPAV FrequenznutzungsplanaufstellungsverordnungFREQNPAVBVFrequenznutzungsplanaufstellungsverordnungsbeauftragtenversammlungFRF Frame Relay ForumFRICC Federal Research Internet Coordinating CommitteeFRISK Fri Programvare I Skolen (Norway)FRMR Frame Reject (frame)FRPI flux reversals per inchFRR False Rejection RateFRS Family Radio ServiceFRS Frame Relay ServiceFRTS Future Request To SendFRU Field Replaceable UnitFS Field/File SeparatorFS File SystemFS Finite StateFS Font ServerFS Frame StatusFS Full ScreenFSA Finite State AutomatonFSAA Full-Scene Anti-AliasingFSAG Free Software Association Germany, Frankfurt (M)FSAN Full Services Access NetworkFSB Front Side BusFSB Functional System BlockFSC Fujitsu Siemens ComputersFSCSI Fast SCSIFSD File System DriverFSE FreisprecheinrichtungFSF Free Software FoundationFSFE Free Software Foundation EuropeFSFO Failsave FailoverFSG Free Standards GroupFSK Frequency Shift Keying (Modulation)FSL Full Shallow LearningFSM Finite State MachineFSM Free Space Map


FSM Freiwillige Selbstkontrolle Multimedia (Diensteanbieter)FSMO Flexible Single Master OperationFSN File System NavigatorFSN Full Service NetworkFSP File Service Protocol (Internet)FSS Fixed Satellite ServicesFST Freiwillige Selbstkontrolle TelefonmehrwertdiensteFSTP Fast Spanning Tree ProtocolFSU Free Software UnionFT Fast TrackFT Fault TolerantFT Free TermFT FunkentelegraphieFTA Final Type ApprovalFTAM File Transfer, Access and Management (OSI)FTASB Faster Than A Speeding Bullet (Slang)FTB Front To Back AlgorithmFTBS Failed To Build from SourceFTC Fax Transfer CentreFTC Federal Trade Commission, USAFTDS Failure Tolerant Disk SystemFTEG Gesetz über Funkanlagen und TelekommunikationsendeinrichtungenFTL Faster Than Light (Slang)FTLS Formal Top Level SpecificationFTP File Transfer Protocol (Internet)FTP Foiled Twisted PairFTPI Flux Transitions Per InchFTPS File Transfer Protocol over TLS/SSL (Internet)FTR Failed To ReturnFTR Fast Token RingFTR Fast Transient ResponseFTR Feature Test ReleaseFTR File Typing RulesFTR For This Reason (Slang)FTR Forget The Rest (Slang)FTR Frame Transfer RepringFTR Full Test/Text RetrievalFTRT Faster Than Real Time (Slang)FTS Fahrerlose TransportsystemeFTS Fidonet Transport Standard

263

FTS File Transfer ServiceFTTB Fiber To The Basement/BuildingFTTC Fiber To The CurbFTTG Fiber To The GalaxyFTTH Fiber To The HomeFTTL Fiber To The LoopFTTN Fiber To The NeighbourhoodFTZ Fernmeldetechnisches ZentralamtFTZ Forschungs- und Technologie-Zentrum der DBP TelekomFU Functional UnitFUA Flow Update AcknowledgeFUA Follow Up AmplifierFUBAHR Fouled Up Beyond All Hope of Recognition (Slang)FUBAR Fouled Up Beyond All Repair/Recognition (Slang)FUBB Fouled Up Beyond Belief (Slang)FUBS Fido Used Book SquadFUD Fear, Uncertainty, and Disinformation/Doubt (Slang)FUD Flussdiagramm (DIN 66 001)FUE Forschung und EntwicklungFUG Functional Unification GrammarFUI Fake User InterfaceFUI File Update InformationFUL Forschung und LehreFUNET Finnish University and Research NetworkFUNI Frame based/Relay User Network InterfaceFUP Funktionsplan (DIN 40 719)FURA Föreningen Umeå RadioamatörerFUSE Filesystem in User SpaceFUSSP Final Ultimate Solution of the Spam ProblemFUST FunkstelleFÜV Fernmeldeverkehrs-Überwachungs-VerordnungFV FestverbindungFVD Finalized Versatile DiscFVF Flexible Vertex FormatFVIT Fachverband Informationstechnik im ZVEIFVT Full Video TranslationFVV Feste virtuelle VerbindungFW FirewallFWA Fixed Wireless AccessFWEE Fernwirkendeinrichtung


FWEG FernwirkendgerätFWH Firmware HubFWI Frequently Wanted InformationFWIW For What It’s Worth (Slang)FWLST FernwirkleitstelleFWT Fast Wavelet TransformFX File ExpressFX Foreign Exchange (Service)FXO Foreign Exchange OfficeFXP File Exchange Protocol (RFC 959)FXS Foreign Exchange StationFXSR Fast FP/MMX Streaming SIMD Extensions Save/RestoreFXU Fixed Point UnitFYA For Your Amusement (Slang)FYEO For Your Eyes Only (Slang)FYI For Your Information (Internet)FZI Forschungszentrum Informatik, Karlsruhe

G General, German, Global, Graphic, Ground, GroupG2B Government To BusinessG2C Government To CitizenG2G Government To GovernmentGA Globus AllianceGA Go Ahead (Slang)GAAS Galliumarsenid (GaAs)GAB Group Audio BridgingGABELN Group Area Brett Echo Liste NetzGABI General Application Binary InterfaceGABICO Ganz billiger ComputerGAC Global Assembly CacheGAC Government Advisory CommitteeGACP Gateway Access Control ProtocolGAE German Application EnvironmentGAFIA Get Away From It All (Slang)GAG Generic Algorithms for GIMPGAIN German Advanced Integrated Network (IBM)GAK Government Access to KeysGAL Gate/Generic Array LogicGAL Get A Life (Slang)

265

GALA Geschwindigkeitsabhängige LautstärkeanhebungGAMM Gesellschaft für Angewandte Mathematik und MechanikGAMS Generalized Algebraic Modelling SystemGAN Global/Galactic Area NetworkGAP General/Generic Access ProfileGAP German Academic PublishersGARP Generic Attribute Registration ProtocolGARP Genetic Algorithm of Rule-Set ProductionGARP Group Address Resolution ProtocolGART Graphics Address Remapping TableGART Graphics Aperture Relocation TableGAS Gateway Access ServerGAS GNU AssemblerGAT Geek of All Trades (Slang)GAT Generic Application TemplateGAUDI Guideline Authoring and DisseminationGAVDP Generic Audio Video Distribution ProfileGBB Generic Blackboard SystemGBG Geschlossene Benutzergruppe (Btx, Datex-J)GBIC Gigabit Interface ConverterGBIF Global Biodiversity Information FacilityGBJ Graph Based BackjumpingGBN Global Business NetworkGC Game ComputerGC Garbage CollectionGC Global CatalogueGC Grid ComputingGCA Graphic Communications Association, USAGCAD Geographical Computer Aided Design SystemGCC Generic Conference ControlGCC GNU C Compiler (gcc)GCC GNU Compiler CollectionGCF Gatekeeper ConfirmationGCFA GIAC Certified Forensics AnalystGCI General Circuit InterfaceGCL Golden Common LISPGCN Global Challenge NetworkGCR Gray Component ReplacementGCR Group Coded RecordingGCS Gauss Centre for Supercomputing


GCS Gauss Centre for SupercomputingGCS Geek of Computer Science (Slang)GCT Gate Controlled ThyristorGDA Gesellschaft für Digitale ArchivierungstechnikGDA Global Data AreaGDA Global Directory AgentGDB Genome DatabaseGDDM Graphics Data Display ManagerGDE Generic Decryption EngineGDF Geographic Data FormatGDI Graphic Device InterfaceGDLM GFS Distributed Lock ManagerGDMO Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects (OSI)GDN Government Data Network (UK)GDOI Group Domain Of InterpretationGDOS Graphics Device Operating SystemGDP Generalized Drawing PrimitiveGDPDU Grundsätze zum Datenzugriff und zur Prüfbarkeit digitaler UnterlagenGDPS Geographically Dispersed Parallel Sysplex (IBM)GDR Global Data RouterGDR Grinning, Ducking and Running (Slang)GDRVVF Grinning, Ducking and Running Very, Very Fast (Slang)GDS Global Directory ServiceGDT Global Descriptor TableGDT Grand Dictionaire TerminologiqueGDTRC Global Descriptor Table Register CacheGE Geek of Engineering (Slang)GE General Electric CompanyGE Gigabit EthernetGE Graphic EscapeGEA Gigabit Ethernet AllianceGEB Gödel, Escher, BachGEC Green Electronics CouncilGECOS General Electric Comprehensive Operating SystemGEDA GNU Electronic Design AutomationGEDIG German EDIF Interest GroupGEGL Generic Graphics LibraryGEHR Good European Health RecordGEIS General Electric Information ServicesGEM Global Enterprise Management

267

GEM Globally Executable MHPGEM Graphics Environment ManagerGEMA Gesellschaft für musikalische AufführungsrechteGEMS Global Enterprise Management of StorageGEN Global European NetworkGENA General Event Notification ArchitectureGEO Geostationary Earth OrbitGEOSAR Geostationary Search And RescueGEP Good Engineering PracticeGET Ground Elapsed TimeGEZ GebühreneinzugszentraleGFC General/Generic Flow ControlGFC Going For Coffee (Slang)GFDL GNU Free Documentation LicenseGFG Ganz Freches Grinsen (Slang)GFG Gift From God (Slang)GFR Guaranteed Frame RateGFS Global/Google File SystemGFSK Gaussian Frequency Shift KeyingGFY Good For You (Slang)GFY Go Find Yourself (Slang)GG Gadu-GaduGGF Global Grid ForumGGI General/Generic Graphical/Graphics InterfaceGGP Gateway to Gateway ProtocolGGS Gütegemeinschaft Software e. V., KölnGGSN Gateway GPRS Support NodeGHC Glasgow Haskell CompilerGHF Grosshandels-FlatrateGHN Get Hold NextGHT Geographic Hash TableGHU Get Hold UniqueGI Gesellschaft für Informatik e. V.GIAC Global Information Assurance CertificationGIBN Global Interoperability for Broadband NetworksGID Group Identifier/IdentificationGIF Graphics Interchange FormatGIFT GNU Image Finding ToolGIGO Garbage In, Garbage/Gospel Out (Slang)GII Global Information Infrastructure


GIIS Grid Index Information ServiceGILC Global Internet Liberty CampaignGILS Government Information Locator ServiceGILT Globalization, Internationalization, Localization, TranslationGIMP GNU Image Manipulation ProgramGIMPS Great Internet Mersenne Prime SearchGIOP General Inter-ORB ProtocolGIP Global Internet ProjectGIP GPS/GSM Interworking ProfileGIPS Giga-Instructions Per SecondGIS Geographic Information SystemGISC Generic Intelligent System ControllerGIT GNU Interactive ToolsGIWIST Gee I Wish I’d Said That (Slang)GIX Global Internet ExchangeGK GatekeeperGKMP Group Key Management ProtocolGKS Graphical Kernel SystemGKV Geschäftskundenvertrieb (Telekom)GL Graphics LanguageGLASS Globally Accessible ServicesGLDV Gesellschaft für Linguistische DatenverarbeitungGLIN Global Legal Information NetworkGLL Geographic Position - Latidtude/Longitude (message)GLONASS Global Navigation Satellite SystemGLP Government License ProgramGLT GebäudeleittechnikGLU General Logic UnitGLUE Global User EnvironmentGLV Global Line VectorizationGLX OpenGL Extension for the X Window SystemGM General MIDIGMC Global Motion CompensationGMD Gesellschaft für Mathematik und DatenverarbeitungGMDS Global Managed Data ServicesGMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety SystemGME Gesellschaft Mikroelektronik im VDEGMHS Global Message Handling SystemGMII Gigabit Media Independent InterfaceGML Generalized/Geographic Markup Language

269

GMM Gamut Map ModelGMMP Global Memory, Message PassingGMP GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic LibraryGMPLS Generalized Multi-Protocol Label SwitchingGMR Giant Magneto Resistance/Resistive (Head)GMRP GARP Multicast Registration ProtocolGMS Global Messaging Service (Novell)GMSC Gateway Mobile Switching CentreGMSK Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (Modulation)GMSV Global Memory, Shared VariablesGMT Generic Mapping ToolsGMT Greenwich Mean/Meridian TimeGMX Global Message ExchangeGN Group Ad-hoc Network PointGNA Globewide Network AcademyGNATS GNATS’s A Tracking SystemGND GroundGNF Greibach Normal FormGNI Gesellschaft für Angewandte NeuroinformatikGNI Grenoble Network InitiativeGNKSA Good Net-Keeping Seal of ApprovalGNN Global Network NavigatorGNOME GNU Network Object Model EnvironmentGNS Global Name ServiceGNS Global Name SpaceGNS Global Navigation Satellite/SystemGNS Global Network Security/Services/Simulation/SolutionsGNS GPS Navigation SystemsGNS Grid Network ServiceGNSS Global Navigation Satellite SystemGNU GNU’s Not UNIXGO Geek of OtherGOB Group Of BlocksGOBS Grundsätze ordnungsgemässer DV-gestützter BuchführungssystemeGOC General Operators CertificateGOCC Government Open Code CollaborativeGOD Global Out DialGOEP Generic Object Exchange ProfileGOES Geostationary/Geosynchronous Operational/Orbiting Environmental Satellite(s)GOK God Only Knows (Slang)


GOL Game Of LifeGOMS Goal, Operators, Methods, SelectionGOP Group Of PicturesGOS Global Overseas ServiceGOS Grundsätze ordnungsgemässer SpeicherbuchführungGOSIP Government OSI ProfileGOSPL Generalized Open Source Programmable LogicGOST Gosudarstvennyy Standart (EASC)GOT Global Offset TableGOUV Grizzled Old Unix Veteran (Slang)GOV Government; Internet-Domain: Behörden in USAGP Game PortGP Gas PlasmaGP General PurposeGP Green PagesGPA GNU Privacy AssistantGPA Ground Plane AntennaGPC General Purpose ComputerGPF General Protection Fault/FailureGPFS General Parallel File System (IBM)GPGPU General Purpose Computation on Graphics Processing UnitGPI General Purpose InterfaceGPI Graphics Programming InterfaceGPIB General Purpose Interface BusGPIM Gigabit Interface ModuleGPL General Public License (GNU)GPL Graphics Programming LanguageGPNV General Purpose Non-Volatile (Area)GPON Gigabit Passive Optical NetworkGPP Generic Packetized ProtocolGPR Global Position ReceiverGPRS General Packet Radio ServiceGPS General Problem SolverGPS Generalized Processor SharingGPS Global Pizza ServiceGPS Global Positioning Satellite/SystemGPS Graphical Process StatisticsGPSR Greedy Perimeter Stateless RoutingGPSS General Purpose Simulation SystemGPT GUID Partition Table

271

GPU Graphic/Graphical Processing/Processor UnitGQL Graphical Query LanguageGQM Goal, Question, MetricGQOS Guaranteed Quality Of ServiceGRA Group Random AccessGRACCE Grand Challenge Computational EnvironmentGRAM Globus Resource Allocation ManagerGRASP General Robotics, Automation, Sensing and PerceptionGRD Grinning, Running + Ducking (Slang)GRE Generic Router/Routing Encapsulation (CISCO)GRE Graphics EngineGREAT Graphical Environment And DesktopGREP Global Regular Expression and PrintGRIB Gridded Binary (code, data format)GRID Global Resource IdentifierGRIO Guaranteed Input Output BandwidthGRIS Grid Resource Information ServiceGRJ Gatekeeper RejectGRL Global Revocation ListGRP General Registration ProtocolGRQ Gatekeeper RequestGRS Generic Record SyntaxGRUB Grand Unified BootloaderGS Geek of ScienceGS Geprüfte Sicherheit (TÜV)GS Global StoreGS Group SeparatorGSA Global Mobile Suppliers AssociationGSA Global Security ArchitectureGSE Graphical Setup EnvironmentGSF Ghostscript FontGSFDL GNU Simpler Free Documentation LicenseGSI Generic Software InterfaceGSI Grid Security InfrastructureGSID Global Server IdentifierGSL GNU Scientific LibraryGSL Graphics Subroutine LibraryGSLB Global Server Load BalancingGSM Global Shared MemoryGSM Global System for Mobile Communications


GSM Group Speciale MobileGSMA Global Scheduling Multiple AccessGSMP General/Generic/Global Switch Management ProtocolGSNW Gateway Services for NetwareGSO Generic Segmentation OffloadGSO Geosynchronous OrbitGSOC German Space Operations CenterGSR Gigabit Switching RouterGSS Generic Security ServicesGSS Group Support SystemGSSAPI Generic Security Service Application Program InterfaceGST GebäudesystemtechnikGST Greedy String Tiling (Algorithm)GST Greenwich Sidereal TimeGSTN General/Global Switched Telephone NetworkGSUG German Smalltalk Users GroupGSX Graphics System ExtensionGT Global TeachGT Globus ToolkitGT Group TechnologyGTE Geometry Transfer EngineGTF General Timing Formula (VESA)GTL Gunning Transceiver LogicGTLD Generic Top Level DomainGTO Gate Turn OffGTP Go Text ProtocolGTR Grafikfähiger TaschenrechnerGTS Global Telecommunication SystemGTS Global Time Server/ServiceGTT Global Title TranslationGTUBE Generic Test for Unsolicited Bulk EmailGU GabelumschalterGU Geek UndecidedGUD Grand Unified DebuggerGUI Graphical User InterfaceGUID Globally Unique IdentifierGUL Groupe d’Utilisateurs de LinuxGULM Global Universal Lock ManagerGULM Grand Unified Lock ManagerGULP Graph Unification Logic Programming

273

GUMM Gurus of UNIX Meeting of MindsGUN Gemeinschaft der UNIX-Anwender NiederrheinGUP Generic Ultimate ProtocolGURN GNSS Upper Rhine Graben NetworkGUS Ground Uplink SystemGUS Guide to the Use of Standards (OSI)GUUG German/Galactic Unix User GroupGV GebäudeverteilerGV GestattungsvertragGVBD Götz-von-Berlichingen-Dämon (Internet)GVH Gesamtverzeichnis deutschsprachiger HochschulschriftenGVIF Gigabit Video InterfaceGVM Grafik, Visualisierung, MediadiensteGVN Global Value NumberingGVPN Global Virtual Private NetworkGVRP GARP VLAN Registration ProtocolGVT Global Virtual TimeGVU Gesellschaft zur Verfolgung von UrheberrechtsverletzungenGVU Graphics Visualization and UsabilityGVV Gewählte virtuelle VerbindungGW GatewayGW GleichwelleGW GrenzwelleGWDG Gesellschaft für Wissenschaftliche Datenverarbeitung GöttingenGWEN Ground Wave Emergency NetworkGWIA Groupwise Internet AgentGWIN Gigabyte Wissenschafts-Netz, G-WINGWL Gateway LinkGWM Generic Window ManagerGYM Google, Yahoo, MicrosoftGZS Gesellschaft für Zahlungssysteme

H Hardware, High, HomeH4P High-Performance Parallel Processor ProjectHA HalbaddiererHA Half AdderHA High Availability/ApertureHA Home Agent/AppliancesHAAPI Human Authentication Application Program Interface


HAARP High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program/ProjectHAB Host Adapter BoardHAC Hierarchical Arc ConsistencyHAC High Availability ClusterHACMP High Availability Cluster Management ProtocolHACMP High Availability Cluster Multi-Processing (IBM)HACS Hazard Assessment Computer SystemHADA High Availability Disk ArrayHAK Hugs And Kisses (Slang)HAL Hard Array LogicHAL Hardware Abstraction LayerHAL Heuristically programmed Algorithmic ComputerHAL House Programmed Array LogicHAM Hypertext Abstract MachineHAND Have A Nice Day (Slang)HANFS Highly Available Network File SystemHAP Host Access ProtocolHAREC Harmonized Amateur Radio Examination CertificateHAS HauptanschlussHASP Houston Automatic Spooling Package/PriorityHB Home BankingHBA Host Bus AdapterHBC Home Banking ComputerHBCDC High Bandwidth Cellular Data ChannelHBCI Home Banking Computer InterfaceHBES Home and Building Electronic SystemsHBO Host Byte OrderHBS Home Bus SystemHCA Heartbeat Collision AvoidanceHCA Host Channel AdapterHCCSM High Performance Common Channel Signalling ModulHCD Host Controller Device/DriverHCF Halt and Catch Fire (Slang)HCF Hybrid Distribution FunctionHCI Host Controller Interface (USB, Firewire, Bluetooth etc.)HCI Human Computer Interaction/InterfaceHCLP Hierarchical Constraint Logic ProgrammingHCMOS High Speed CMOSHCN Hierarchical Cache NetworkHCP Hardware Control Protocol

275

HCP Host Configuration ProtocolHCRP Hardcopy Replacement ProfileHCS Header Check SequenceHCT Hardware Compatibility TestHCT Home Communication TerminalHCVQ Hierarchical Classified Vector QuantizationHD Hard DiskHD Heavy DutyHD High Definition/DensityHD Hilfskanal DatenleitungHDA Head and Disk AssemblyHDA High Definition AudioHDAP High Definition Audio PerformanceHDAP Home Digital Audio PlatformHDB High Density Bipolar (code)HDB HoneyDanBer (P. Honeyman, D. A. Nowitz, B. E. Redman) (uucp)HDB3 High Density Bipolar Code of Order 3HDC Hard Disk ControllerHDC Hash Distributed CachingHDCD High Definition Compatible DigitalHDCD High Density Compact DiskHDCP High Bandwidth Digital Content ProtectionHDCP High Definition Content ProtectionHDD Hard Disk Drive, High Definition DisplayHDDVD High Density Digital Versatile DiscHDF HDSL Dual FramerHDF Hierarchical Data FormatHDI Head to Disk InterferenceHDL Hierarchical Design LanguageHDLC High Level Data Link Control (Protocol)HDM Hardware Device ModuleHDMI High Definition Multimedia InterfaceHDML Handheld Device Markup LanguageHDN Hochgeschwindigkeits-DatennetzHDOP Horizontal Dilution Of PrecisonHDPLD High Density Programmable Logic DeviceHDR HDSL Dual RegeneratorHDR HeaderHDR High Dynamic RangeHDRI High Dynamic Range Imaging


HDRR High Dynamic Range RenderingHDS High Definition SystemHDSC High Density Signal CarrierHDSL High Bit/Data Rate/Speed Digital Subscriber Line/Link/LoopHDT High Definition TelephonyHDTV High Definition TelevisionHDW HardwareHDX Half DuplexHE Head EndHE High EfficiencyHE Höheneinheit (in Racks)HEA Health/Higher Education AuthorityHEAAC High Efficiency Advanced Audio Coder/CodingHEAT Helpdesk Expert Automation ToolHEC Header Error Check/ControlHECTOR Heterogeneous Computer TogetherHEHO Head End Hop OffHEL Hardware Emulation LayerHEM Home, Entertainment, MultimediaHEMP High-level Entity Management Protocol (Internet)HEMS High-level Entity Management System (Internet)HEMT High Electron Mobility TransistorHEN Home Entertainment NetworkHENSA Higher Education National Software ArchiveHEO Highly Elliptical OrbitHEP Heterogenous Element/multi ProcessorHEPNET High Energy Physics NetworkHERF High Energy Radio FrequencyHERT HERT/Hackers’ Emergency Response TeamHES Home Electronic System (Siemens)HESSLA Hacktivismo Enhanced-Source Software License AgreementHEX hexadezimalHF High Frequency/FunctionalityHF HochfrequenzHFC Hybrid Fiber Coax (Network)HFD Hauptanschluss für Direktwahl/DirektrufHFD Hot Fix DeviceHFEP Host Front End ProtocolHFM High Frequency ModeHFP Hands Free Profile

277

HFRG Gesetz über den Betrieb von HochfrequenzgerätenHFS Hierarchical File SystemHFT High Function TerminalHFT Hochschule für Technik, StuttgartHGA Head Gimbal AssemblyHGA Hercules Graphics AdapterHGA High Gain AntennaHGC Hercules Graphics Card/ControllerHGML Hyper Graphics Markup LanguageHGZH Hoffe Geholfen Zu Haben (Slang)HHI Heinrich-Hertz-Institut, BerlinHHOK Ha Ha Only Kidding (Slang)HHOS Ha Ha Only Serious (Slang)HI Handover InterfaceHID Human Interface Device (Profile)HIDS Host-based/Hybrid Intrusion Detection SystemHIFD High Density Floppy DiskHIFI Hypertext Interface For InformationHIL Hardware In the LoopHIL Human Interface Link (HP)HILI High Level InterfaceHINFO Host Information (Record)HIPAA Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, USAHIPER High Performance European RadioHIPPI High Performance Parallel InterfaceHIPS Host Intrusion Prevention SystemHIS House Information SystemHISA Health Informatics Service ArchitectureHISA Healthcare Information System ArchitectureHK Host KeyHKSCS Hong Kong Supplementary Character SetHL HalbleiterHL Hop Level (Flow Control)HLCO High Low Close OpenHLDS Hitachi LG Data StorageHLL High Level LanguageHLLAPI HLL Application Program InterfaceHLM Heterogeneous LAN ManagementHLQ High Level QualifierHLR Home Location Register


HLRN Höchstleistungsrechenzentrum NordHLRN Norddeutscher Verbund für Hoch- und HöchstleistungsrechnenHLRS Höchstleistungsrechenzentrum StuttgartHLRZ HochleistungsrechenzentrumHLS Hue, Lightness/Luminance, Saturation (Farbmodell)HLT HaltHM Hilfskanal MeldeleitungHMA High Memory AreaHMA Hub Management ArchitectureHMAC (keyed) Hash Message Authentication CodeHMC Hardware Management ConsoleHMC Her/His Majesty’s Computer (Fun)HMD Head/Helmet Mounted DisplayHMI Horizontal Motion IndexHMI Human Machine InterfaceHMMP Hypermedia Management ProtocolHMMS Hypermedia Management SchemeHMOS High Density Metal Oxide SemiconductorHMOS High Speed Metal Oxide SemiconductorHMP Heterogeneous Multi-ProcessingHMP Host Monitoring ProtocolHMUX Hybrid MultiplexerHOB Head Of BusHOB Hierarchical Operational BindingHOH HDSL Overhead Bit HandlingHOL Higher Order LogicHON Health On the NetHOP Homecast Open ProtocolHOPTE High Order Path Terminating EquipmentHOS Health Online ServiceHOW Hand Over WordHP Hewlett-PackardHP HochpassHP Home PageHPA Host Protected AreaHPB Half Power BandwidthHPC Handheld Personal ComputerHPC Health Professional CardHPC High Performance Cluster/ComputingHPCA High Performance Computing Act

279

HPCC High Performance Computing ChallengeHPCC High Performance Computing and CommunicationsHPCI High Performance Computing InitiativeHPCRC High Performance Computing Research CenterHPCS High Performance Communication ServerHPDPS Hewlett-Packard Distributed Print SystemHPDS High Performance Data SystemHPET High Precision Event TimerHPF High Performance FORTRANHPFL Hewlett-Packard Fiber Optic LinkHPFS High Performance File System (OS/2)HPGL Hewlett-Packard Graphics LanguageHPI Host Port InterfaceHPIB Hewlett-Packard Interface BusHPL Home Product LinkHPLIP Hewlett-Packard Linux Imaging and PrintingHPM Hardware Performance MonitorHPM Hyper Page ModeHPOFS High Performance Optical File SystemHPPA Hewlett-Packard Precision ArchitectureHPPI High Performance Parallel InterfaceHPPS Hewlett-Packard Payment SchemeHPQ Hewlett-Packard CompaqHPR High Performance RoutingHPSB High Performance Serial Bus (FireWire)HPSC High Performance Scientific ComputingHPSL Hewlett-Packard Support LineHPSN High Performance Scalable NetworkingHPSS High Performance Storage SystemHPTC3 High Prformance Technical Computing Competence CenterHQ High QualityHR High Reflection (Display)HR High ResolutionHRC Half Rate ChannelHRC Hybrid Ring ControlHRG High Resolution GraphicsHRIS Human Resource Information SystemHRM Hopwise Reliable MulticastHRMS Human Resource Management SystemHRN Heterogenes Rechnernetz


HRNG Hardware Random Number GeneratorHRRN Highest Response Ratio NextHRS Hotel Reservation ServiceHRT High Resolution TelemetryHRTF Head Related Transfer FunctionHRZ Hochschul-RechenzentrumHS High SpeedHS Hilfskanal SteuerleitungHSB Hue, Saturation, BrightnessHSC High Speed Channel/ConnectHSCC Home-based Server-less Cooperative CachingHSCSD High Speed Circuit Switched DataHSD High Speed DataHSDN High Speed Data NetworkHSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet AccessHSDT High Speed Data TransportHSI Hardware-Software-InterfaceHSI Hayes Synchronous InterfaceHSI Hue, Saturation, IntensityHSIK How Should I Know (Slang)HSIM High Speed Interface ModuleHSL Hierarchical Specific LanguageHSLAN High Speed Local Area NetworkHSLFX Hierarchical Specification Language - Function ExtensionHSM HerzschrittmacherHSM Hierarchical Storage Management/ManagerHSMD High Speed Mobile DataHSO Hilfe zur Selbsthilfe für Online-Süchtige e. V.HSP Headset ProfileHSP High Speed PeeringHSP High Speed Printer/ProcessorHSP High Speed PublishingHSPA High Speed Packet AccessHSPI High Speed Parallel InterfaceHSPS High Speed Peripheral ShelfHSRP Hot Standby Router Protocol (Cisco)HSSDC High Speed Serial Data Connection/ConnectorHSSG High Speed Study GroupHSSI High Speed Serial InterfaceHST High Speed Technology/Telegraphy

281

HSTR High Speed Token RingHSUPA High Speed Uplink Packet AccessHSV Hue, Saturation, Value (Farbmodell)HSYNC Horizontal Synchronization (signal)HT High TensionHT Horizontal TabulatorHT Hyper ThreadingHTA High Temperature AlarmHTB Hierarchical Token BucketHTC High Throughput ClusterHTCC High Temperature Cofired CeramicHTCP Hyper Text Caching ProtocolHTFS High Throughput File SystemHTH Hope This/That Helps (Slang)HTML Hypertext Markup LanguageHTMPL Hypertext Markup with Perl LanguageHTPC Home Theatre Personal ComputerHTSI Host Transport Service InterfaceHTT Hyper-Threading TechnologyHTTP Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol (Internet)HTTPS Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol Secure/Security/over TLS/SSL (Internet)HTX HTML ExtensionsHUC Handheld and Ubiquitous ComputingHUD Heads Up DisplayHUGO Holland Users Group for OS/2HV High VoltageHVC Hue (Farbton), Value (Helligkeit), Chroma (Buntheit)HVD High Voltage Differential (SCSI)HVD Holographic Versatile DiscHVM Hardware Virtual MachineHVP Horizontal + Vertical PositionHVT HauptverteilerHVV Hyperlink Vector VotingHW HardwareHWANS HinweisansageHWCP Hardware Code PageHWID Hardware IdentifierHWMP Hybrid Wireless Mesh ProtocolHWS Ham/Haskell Web ServerHWS Hybrid Wireless Satellite


HYTEA Hypertext Authoring Environment

I Ident, Indicator, Information, Integrated, International, InternetI18N InternationalizationI2O Intelligent Input/OutputI3 IMA Interoperability InitiativeI4DL Interface, Inheritance, Implementation, Installation Definition LanguageIA Identification & Authentication, I&AIA Information ApplianceIA Intelligent ApplicationsIA International AlphabetIA Interworking Implementation AgreementIAA Intel Application AcceleratorIAAS Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, BerlinIAB Individual Address BlockIAB International Academy of BroadcastingIAB Internet Activities/Architecture BoardIAB Internet Advertising Bureau, UKIAC In Any Case (Slang)IAC Inquiry Access CodeIAC Interapplication Communication (Apple)IACK Information AcknowledgementIACR International Association for Cryptologic ResearchIAD Integrated Access DeviceIAD Internet Addiction DisorderIAE In Any Event (Slang)IAE ISDN Anschalteinheit/AnschlusseinheitIAEL International Association of Entertainment LawyersIAFA Internet Anonymous FTP ArchiveIAG Industry Advisory Group (Novell)IAHC Internet International Ad Hoc CommitteeIAI Internet Applications IntegrationIAL Intel Architecture LabsIAL International Algebraic Language (ALGOL)IAM Institute of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, BernIAMCE ISDN Access Module Control ElementIAMT Intel Advanced Management TechnologyIAN Integrated Access NodeIANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

283

IANAL I Am Not A Lawyer (Slang)IAOG International Administrative Management Domains Operators GroupIAP Internet Access Policy/ProviderIAP ISDN Access Internetworking ProfileIAR Institut für Automation und RobotikIARP International Amateur Radio PermissionIARP Inverse Address Resolution ProtocolIARU International Amateur Radio UnionIAS Information Access SystemIASG Internet Addiction Support GroupIASNET Institute for Automated Systems NetworkIASS Internet Alphaserver System SoftwareIAT Import Address TableIATE Inter Active Terminology for EuropeIAUG International AIX Users GroupIAX Inter-Asterisk Exchange ProtocolIB In BetriebIB Intelligent BacktrackingIBA Independent Broadcasting AuthorityIBA Intel Boot AgentIBAC In Band Adjacent ChannelIBAN International Bank Account NumberIBC Illinois Benedictine College (Gutenberg-Projekt)IBC Inadequate But Cute (Slang)IBC Inter Base ComponentIBC International Broadcasting ConventionIBCN Integrated Broadband Communication NetworkIBCS1 Intel Binary Compatibility Specification Edition 1IBDWT Irrational Based Discrete Weighted TransformIBFD Interessengemeinschaft Blinder Funkamateure DeutschlandsIBIA International Biometric Industry AssociationIBL Input Buffer LimitIBM International Business Machines (Big Blue)IBN International Booking NetworkIBO Inter Base ObjectIBOC In Band On ChannelIBOND Intelligent Business On DemandIBP Institut Blaise Pascal, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, FranceIBS Integriertes Banken-SystemIBS Intelsat Business Services


IBSS Independent Basic Service SetTSF Timing Synchronization FunctionIBT Internet Based TrainingIBTD I Beg To Differ (Slang)IBU Informationsverbund BuchhandelIBX Individualized Blackbox Component (Microsoft)IC I See (Slang)IC In Characters (Slang)IC Incoming CallIC Information CentreIC Input/Integrated CircuitIC Instruction CacheIC Interexchange CarrierIC Interrupt ControllerICA Image Component AttributeICA Independent Component AnalysisICA Independent Computing ArchitectureICA Intelligent Channels/Console ArchitectureICA Intelligent Communication AdapterICA Interface Connector AssemblyICALP International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and ProgrammingICAM Integrated Computer Aided ManufacturingICAN Individual Customer Access NetworkICANN Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and NumbersICAO International Civil Aviation OrganizationICAP Integrated Computer Aided ProductionICARE International Council for Amateur Radio in EducationICAS Information Communication Assistance SystemICAS Intel Communicating Applications SpecificationsICB Interface Control BoardICBM Inter-continental Ballistic MessengerICC Integrated Circuit CardICC Intelligent Channel ControllerICC International Color ConsortiumICC International Conference on CommunicationsICCB Internet Control and Configuration BoardICCC International Conference on Computer CommunicationsICCCM Interclient Communications Conventions ManualICCE International Conference on Consumer ElectronicsICCHP International Conference on Computers for Handicapped Persons

285

ICCS Integrated Communications Cabling System (Siemens)ICD International Code DesignatorICDE International Conference on Data EngineeringICE Image Correction and EnhancementICE In-Circuit Emulator/EmulationICE Information Content ExchangeICE Integrated Communication EnvironmentICE Inter Client Exchange (Protocol)ICF Interact Communication FacilityICE Internal Compiler ErrorICE Internet Communications EngineICF Internet Connection FirewallICG Inversive Congruential (random number) GeneratorICG Interface Coordination GroupICH I/O Contoller HubICI Inter/Interexchange Carrier InterfaceICI Information Science InstituteICIA International Communications Industries AssociationICIP ICI ProtocolICL Interface ClearICM Image Color Management/MatchingICMP Internet Control Message ProtocolICN Information and Communication NetworkICN Integrated Computing NetworkICO Information Commissioner’s OfficeICO Intermediate Circular OrbitICOCBW I Could, Of Course, Be Wrong (Slang)ICP Input Control ProcedureICP Integrated Channel ProcessorICP Interconnection PartnerICP Internet Cache ProtocolICP Internet Content ProviderICPC (ACM) International Collegiate Programming ContestICQ I Seek You (Slang)ICR Information Collection RequestICR Initial Cell RateICR Intelligent Character RecognitionICRA Internet Content Rating AssociationICS IBM Cabling SystemICS Integrated Communication Services


ICS Internet Chess ServerICS Internet Connecting/Connection Sharing (Microsoft)ICS Intuitive Command StructureICSA International Customer Service AssociationICSTIS Independent Committee for the Supervision of Standards of Telephone Information ServicesICT Information and Communication TechnologyICTF Internet Content Task ForceICU ISA Configuration UtilityICU Instruction Cache UnitICU International Components for UnicodeICV Integrity Check ValueICX Inter Cartridge ExchangeID Identification, IdentifierID Instruction DecodeID Internet DraftID Intrusion DetectionIDA Independent/Intelligent Disk/Drive ArrayIDA Interactive Debugging AidIDAPI Integrated Database Application Programming InterfaceIDB Integrated DatabaseIDC I Don’t Care (Slang)IDC International Data CorporationIDC Internet Database ConnectorIDC Item Description CodeIDCT Inverse Discrete Cosine Tranform/TransformationIDD International Direct/Distance DiallingIDE Integrated Development EnvironmentIDE Integrated Device/Drive ElectronicsIDE Interactive Design and EngineeringIDE Interface Design EnhancementIDEA International Data Encryption AlgorithmIDF Intel Developer ForumIDF Intermediate Distribution FrameIDF Inverse Document FrequencyIDI Initial Domain IdentifierIDI ISDN Driver InterfaceIDK Interessengemeinschaft DatenkommunikationIDL Interactive Data LanguageIDL Interface/Internet Definition LanguageIDM Identity Management

287

IDM Improved/Integrated Data ModemIDM Intelligent Device ManagementIDM Internet Download ManagerIDMS Imaging and Document Management SystemIDMS Integrated Database Management SystemIDN Identification NumberIDN Integriertes Datennetz, Integrated Digital NetworkIDN Internationalized Domain NameIDP Initial Domain PartIDP Integrated Data ProcessingIDP Internet Datagram ProtocolIDR Intergalactic Digital ResearchIDR Intermediate Data Rate ServiceIDRP Interdomain Routing ProtocolIDS Integrated Data SystemIDS Intrusion Detection SystemIDSL ISDN Digital Subscriber LineIDST I Didn’t Say That (Slang)IDT Improved Definition TelevisionIDT Interrupt Descriptor TableIDTRC Interrupt Descriptor Table Register CacheIDTS I Don’t Think So (Slang)IDTV Improved Definition TelevisionIDU Interface Data UnitIDXP Intrusion Detection Exchange ProtocolIE Information ElementIEB Institute of Electronic Business, BerlinIEC Interexchange CarrierIEC International Electrotechnical CommissionIEC International Engineering ConsortiumIECC Intercultural E-mail Classroom ConnectionsIECQ IEC Quality Assessment System for Electrical ComponentsIED Intelligent Electronic DeviceIEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersIEEE/CS IEEE Computer SocietyIEF Information Engineering FacilityIEMMC Internet Electronic Mail Marketing CouncilIEMP Internal Electromagnetic PulseIEN Image Enabled NetwareIEN Internet Engineering/Experiment/Experimental Note


IEPRC International Electronic Publishing Research CentreIES Information Exchange SystemIES Integrated Election SystemIESG Internet Engineering Steering GroupIET Image Enhancement TechnologyIETF Internet Engineering Task ForceIETM Interactive Electronic Technical ManualIEX Imaging Extensions for XWSIF Intermediate Frequency, ZwischenfrequenzIFA Internationale Funkausstellung, BerlinIFC Integrated Factory ControlIFC Industry/Internet Foundation ClassesIFD Image File DirectoryIFD Interface DeviceIFF Interessengruppe Funkamateure im FernverkehrIFF Interchange File Format (Amiga)IFF Internet Fast ForwardIFFT Inverse Fast Fourier TransformationIFG Incoming Fax GatewayIFG InformationsfreiheitsgesetzIFG Inter Frame GapIFIP International Federation for Information ProcessingIFL Integrated Facility for LinuxIFL Internet For LearningIFMP Ipsilon Flow Management ProtocolIFPI International Federation of the Phonographic IndustryIFRB International Frequency Registration BoardIFS Inter Frame SpaceIFS Installable File System (OS/2)IFS Interchange File SeparatorIFS Internal Field SeparatorIFU Instruction Fetch UnitIFU Internationale FernmeldeunionIFV Internationaler FernmeldevertragIFVV Internationale feste virtuelle VerbindungenIFW ISDN for Workgroups (Microsoft)IFWFW ISDN for Windows for Workgroups (Microsoft)IG Interactive GraphicsIG Interessengemeinschaft, Interest GroupIG Interior Gateway

289

IGA Integrated Graphics Adaptor/ArrayIGBT Insulated/Insulator Gate Bipolar TransistorIGC Institute for Global/Galactic CommunicationsIGC Integrated Graphics ControllerIGD (Fraunhofer-)Institut für Grafische Datenverarbeitung, DarmstadtIGE (Eidgenössisches) Institut für geistiges Eigentum, BernIGES Initial Graphics Exchange SpecificationIGF Internet Governance ForumIGIS Interactive Graphics Information SystemIGITT Interactive Graphics Information Troubleshooting TechnologyIGMP Internet Group Management ProtocolIGN IBM Global NetIGP Interior Gateway Protocol (Internet)IGRF International Geomagnetic Reference FieldIGRP Internet/Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (Cisco)IGS Interchange Group SeparatorIGS Internet Go ServerIGTF Internet Governance Task ForceIH In HouseIHEM In-House Energy ManagementIHL Internet Header LengthIHS Integrated Heat SpreaderIIC Inter Integrated Circuit (Bus)IID Interface IdentifierIIF Image Interchange FacilityIII Institute for Information Industry, TaiwanIIJ Internet Initiative JapanIIL Integrated Injection LogicIIM Identified Internet MailIIM Information Interchange ModelIIOP Internet Inter-ORB ProtocolIIP ISDN Intermediate Interworking ProfileIIPS Irrevocably Interruptible Power SupplyIIR Immediate Impulse ResponseIIRC If I Remember Correctly (Slang)IIS Internet Information Server (Microsoft)IIS Internet Integrated ServicesIISP Interim Inter Signalling/Switch ProtocolIITA Information Infrastructure Technology and ApplicationsIITF Information Infrastructure Task Force, USA


IITYWYBMADIf I Tell You Will You Buy Me Another Drink? (Slang)IIWM If It Were Me/Mine (Slang)IJCAI International Joint Conference on Artificial IntelligenceIJS Inkjet Server (HP)IK-CAPE Industriekooperation Computer Aided Process EngineeringIKE Internet Key Exchange (Protocol)IKMP Internet Key Management ProtocolIKOE Institut für Kommunikationsökologie, HamburgIKT Informations- und Kommunikations-TechnologieIL IdleIL Idle ListeningIL Intermediate LanguageILA Internet Learning AgentILEC Incumbent Local Exchange CarrierILETS International Law Enforcement Telecommunications SeminarILG Initiated Linux GuruILLAB Ich Liege Lachend Am Boden (Slang), vgl. ROTFLILLIAC Illinois Institute for Advanced ComputingILLIAC Illinois Integrator + Automatic ComputerILM Industrial Light + Magic, Inc. (G. Lucas)ILMI Interim Local Management InterfaceILP Inductive Logic ProgrammingILP Integer Linear ProgrammingILP Integer, Long, PointerILS Integrated Logistic SupportILT Item Level TaggingILVU Interleaved Video UnitIM Information Management/ModelingIM Instant Message/Messaging/MessengerIM IntermodulationIM IPv4 MulticastIMA Interactive Multimedia AssociationIMA Internationale Multimedia Akademie (Karlsruhe)IMA Inverse Multiplexer for ATMIMAC Isochronous MAC (FDDI)IMACS International Association for Mathematics and Computers in SimulationIMAO In My Arrogant Opinion (Slang)IMAP Internet Message Access ProtocolIMBE Improved Multi-Band ExcitationIMC Internet Mail Consortium

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IMCO In My Considered Opinion (Slang)IMDS Image Data Stream (IBM)IME In My Experience (Slang)IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identifier/IdentityIMG ImageIMG Information Management GroupIMHO In My Humble Opinion (Slang)IMI I Mean It (Slang)IMI Internet MSS InterfaceIMIMG ISDN Memorandum of Understanding Implementation Management GroupIMNSCO In My Not So Considered Opinion (Slang)IMNSHO In My Not So Humble Opinion (Slang)IMO In My Opinion (Slang)IMO International Maritime OrganizationIMOBO In My Own Biased Opinion (Slang)IMP Information/Interface Message ProcessorIMP Instant Messaging ProtocolIMP Internet Messaging ProgramIMPA Intelligent Multi-Port AdaptorIMPP Instant Messaging and Presence ProtocolIMPS Infinite Monkey Protocol SuiteIMQ Intermediate Queuing (device)IMR Internet Monthly ReportIMS Information Management SystemIMS Integrated Media ServiceIMS Internet Mail ServiceIMS Intermediate Maintenance StandardsIMS IP Multimedia SubsystemIMSI International Mobile Subscriber IdentityIMSL International Mathematical Subroutine Library (VNI)IMSP Independent Manufacturers Support ProgramIMSP Internet Message Support ProtocolIMT Information Managment TeamIMT Inter-Machine TrunkIMT International Mobile TelecommunicationsIMTC International Multimedia Teleconferencing ConsortiumIN Individual Network e. V.IN InputIN Intelligentes Netz (Telekom)INA Institut National de l’Audiovisuel


INAK Information Negative AcknowledgementINAP Intelligent Network Application PartINARP Inverse Address Resolution ProtocolINC In ChainINC IncrementINC Internet ComputerINCA Interleaved Native Compiled ArchitectureINET International Networking ConferenceINFN Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, ItalyINH Intelligent Networking HubINIS International Nuclear Information SystemINKA Individual Network Region KarlsruheINM Integrated Network ManagementINMARSAT International Maritime Satellite OrganizationINMS Integrated Network Management ServicesINN International Network NewsINOC Internet Network Operations CenterINPO In No Particular Order (Slang)INRIA Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique, FranceINS Input StringINS Instance ObjectINSB Internet Services for the BlindINT Interrupt, Internal, Integer, InterrogativeINTA International Trademark AssociationINTA Interrupt AcknowledgeINTAP Interoperability Technology Association for Information Processing, JapanINTELSAT International Telecommunications Satellite OrganizationINWG International/Internet Working GroupIO Input/Output, I/OIOAPIC Input Output Advanced Programmable Interrupt ControllerIOAT Input Output Acceleration TechnologyIOC Initial Operational CapabilityIOC Input Output ControllerIOCS Input/Output Control SystemIOCTL Input/Output ControlIOD Information Object DefinitionIOD Intelligence On DemandIODE Issue Of Data EphemerisIOE Input Output EngineIOFEXT Input Output Far End Crosstalk

293

IOI Input Output Interconnect/Interface/InterruptIOI Integrated Operator InterfaceIOI International Olympiad in InformaticsIOMMU Input Output Memory Management UnitIONL Internal Organization of the Network Layer (OSI)IOP Input Output ProcessorIOP Internal OperationIOPL Input/Output Priviledge LevelIOR Indian Ocean RegionIOS Input Output SubsystemIOS International Organization for StandardizationIOS Internetwork Operating System (CISCO)IOSGA Input/Output Support Gate ArrayIOT Inter-Office TrunkIOTA Islands On The AirIOTP Internet Open Trading ProtocolIOW In Other Words (Slang)IP Image ProcessingIP Information ProviderIP Instruction PointerIP Integer ProgrammingIP Intellectual PropertyIP Intelligent PeripheralIP Interactive ProofIP Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)IP Interrupt ProcessIPA Fraunhofer-Institut für Produktionstechnik und AutomatisierungIPA International Phonetic AlphabetIPAE IP Address EncapsulationIPARS International Passenger Airline Reservation SystemIPAVS IP-Adressen-Verwaltungs-SystemIPC Instructions Per ClockIPC Integrated Passive ComponentIPC Inter Personal ComputerIPC Interprocess CommunicationIPCA Internet Parallel Computing ArchiveIPCI Industrial PCIIPCP Internet Protocol Control ProtocolIPDS IBM/Intelligent Printer Data StreamIPES Improved Proposed Encryption Standard


IPF Information Presentation FacilityIPG In Plane Gate TransistorIPG Inter Packet GapIPI Image Processing and InterchangeIPI Intelligent Peripheral InterfaceIPI International Payment InstructionIPIP Internet Protocol within Internet ProtocolIPL Information Processing LanguageIPL Initial Program LoaderIPL Interrupt Priority LevelIPLS IP-Only LAN-Like ServiceIPM Intelligent Power Mode/Module/MOS, Interpersonal MessageIPMI Intelligent Platform Management InterfaceIPMP Intellectual Property Management and ProtectionIPMV95 Integrated Packet Trunk Module V.95 InterfaceIPNG Internet Protocol Next Generation (IPv6)IPNS ISDN PBX Networking SpecificationIPOC Interim Policy Oversight CommitteeIPON Intelligent Passive Optical NetworkIPP Intel Primitive Performance (Library)IPP Internet Presence ProviderIPP Internet Printing ProtocolIPPV Impulse/Instant Pay Per ViewIPR Intellectual Property RightsIPRB Intellectual Property Review BoardIPS Image Packaging SystemIPS In Plane Switching (panel)IPS inch per secondIPS Internet Privacy StandardIPS Intrusion Prevention SystemIPSE Integrated Project Support EnvironmentIPSEC Internet Protocol Security ProtocolIPSI (Fraunhofer-Institut für) Integrierte Publikations- und InformationssystemeIPT Immersive Projection TechnologyIPTC International Press Telecommunications CouncilIPTO Information Processing Techniques/Technology OfficeIPTV Internet Protocol TelevisionIPU Imposition Processing UnitIPV4 Internet Protocol Version 4IPV6 Internet Protocol Version 6 (= IPng)

295

IPVR Inst. für parallele und verteilte Höchstleistungsrechner, StuttgartIPW Incremental Packet WritingIPX Internetwork Packet Exchange (Novell)IPXCP Internetwork Packet Exchange Control ProtocolIQL Interactive Query LanguageIQMS Integrated Quality Management SystemIR Information Request/RetrievalIR Infrared, InfrarotIR Intermediate RepresentationIR Internet RegistryIRAC Indpendent Review Advisory CommitteeIRAF Image Reduction and Analysis FacilityIRAS I Really Am Sorry (Slang)IRAW Idle Read After WriteIRB Instruction Recoder BufferIRB Instrumentation Request BrokerIRC International Record CarrierIRC International Reply CouponIRC Internet Relay ChatIRD Integrated Receiver Decoder (TV)IRD Internet Resource DirectoryIRDA Infrared Data AssociationIRDS Information Resources Dictionary SystemIRG Implicit RegenerationIRICE Integrated Remote Interface Control ElementIRIG Interrange Instrumentation GroupIRIS Infrastructure for Resilient Internet SystemsIRIS Intelligent Reference Information SystemIRIS Interregional Information Society InitiativeIRL In Real Life (Slang)IRL Inter Repeater LinkIRLED Infrared Light Emitting DiodeIRM Information Rights/Resource ManagementIRQ Information/Interrupt RequestIRR Information Request ResponseIRR Internet Routing RegistryIRS Information Retrieval SystemIRS Interchange Record SeparatorIRS Internal Revenue ServiceIRS Intrusion Response System


IRSG Internet Research Steering GroupIRT Institut für Rundfunktechnik, MünchenIRTF Internet Research Task ForceIRV International Reference VersionIS In ServiceIS Information Separator/Sevices/SystemIS Integrated ServiceIS Intensity StereoIS Interactive Service (Telecommunication)IS Intermediate SystemIS International Standard (ISO)IS Interrupt StatusISA Industry Standard ArchitectureISA Informationssystem Studienwahl und Arbeitsmarkt, Duisburg/EssenISA Instruction Set ArchitectureISA Integrated Services ArchitectureISA Interactive Services AssociationISA Internet Security and Acceleration (Server)ISAKMP Internet Security Association Key Management ProtocolISAM Index/Indexed Sequential Access MethodISAPI Internet Server APIISBD International Standard Bibliographic DescriptionISBN International Standard Book NumberISBT It’s Strange But True (Slang)ISC Instruction Set ComputerISC Internet Service CenterISCA International Symposium on Computer ArchitectureISCB Interessengemeinschaft sehgeschädigter ComputerbenutzerISCSI Internet SCSIISD Image Section DescriptorISD Instructional System DesignISD International Standard Data NetworkISDN Integrated Services Digital NetworkISDN IsosorbitdinitratISDN Ist sowas denn nötig? (Slang)ISFET Ionensensitiver FeldeffekttransitorISFT Industrial Siemens Flatpanel TechnologyISH Information SuperhighwayISI Information Sciences Institute of the University of Southern CaliforniaISI Information Society Index

297

ISI Institute for Scientific Information, USAISI Inter Symbol InterferenceISI Internally Specified IndexISIN International Securities Identification NumberISIS Intermediate System to Intermediate System Protocol (OSI)ISIS Industrial Signature Interoperability SpecificationISL Imperceptible Structured LightISL Initial System LoaderISL Interactive System LanguageISL Intersatellite LinkISM Industrial, Scientific, Medical (Applications)ISMA Internet Streaming Media AllianceISMP Internet Message Support ProtocolISMS Information Security Management SystemISN Internet School/Shopping NetworkingISNS Internet Storage Naming ServiceISO International Standardization OrganizationISOC Internet SocietyISODE ISO Development Environment (OSI)ISP Image Synthesis ProcessorISP International Standardized ProfileISP Internet Service ProviderISP Interrupt Stack PointerISP Interrupt Status PortISPBX ISDN Private Branche ExchangeISPF Interactive Structured Programming Facility (IBM)ISPI Institut für Integrierte Publikationssysteme, DarmstadtISPLSI in-system-programmable LSIISPO Information Society Project OfficeISQIT Information Systems Quality Improvement TeamISR Information Storage and RetrievalISR Intermediate Session RoutingISR Interrupt Service RoutineISRC International Standard Recording CodeISRN International Standard Recording NumberISSA Information Systems Security AssociationISSCC International Solid State Circuits ConferenceISSE Information Security Solutions EuropeISSE Internet Streaming SIMD ExtensionISSI Individual Short Subscriber Identity


ISSN International Standard Serial NumberISSO Information System Security OfficerISSP Inter-Switch Signalling ProtocolISSP Internet Satellite Service ProviderISSS IBM Speech Server ServicesISST (Fraunhofer-)Institut für Software- und SystemtechnikIST Information Society Technologies (Programme)IST Internet Transaction ServerISTF Internet Science and Technology FairISTF Internet Societal Task ForceISTM It Seems To Me (Slang)ISTO Information Science and Technology OfficeISTPA International Security, Trust + Privacy AllianceISTR I Seem To Remember (Slang)ISU Industry Solution Unit (IBM)ISUG International SGML/XML Users’ GroupISUP ISDN User PartISUS Information Services and User Support (DFN)ISV Independent Software VendorISVR Intel Smart Video RecorderISWIM If you See What I MeanISWL International Short Wave LeagueISWYM I See What You Mean (Slang)IT Information Technology, InformationstechnikITA Intend To Adopt (Debian)ITA Interface Test AdapterITA Interim Type ApprovalITA International Telegraphy AlphabetITAA Information Technology Association of AmericaITAC ISDN Terminal Adapter CircuitITB Information Technology BranchITB Intermediate Text BlockITC Independent Television CommissionITC IntelliCAD Technology ConsortiumITC International Telegraph CodeITE Informationstechnische EinrichtungITE Internal Terminal EmulatorITF Isochronous TransferITG Informationstechnische Gesellschaft im VDEITG Informationstechnische Grundausbildung

299

ITHE International Travel Host ExchangeITI Interactive Terminal InterfaceITIF Information Technology and Innovation FoundationITK Informationstechnik und TelekommunikationITLB Instruction TLBITM Internet Transaction MixITO Indium Tin OxideITO Intend To Orphan (Debian)ITOT ISO Transport Service on top of TCPITP Intent To Package (Debian)ITR Internet Talk RadioITRS International Roadmap for SemiconductorsITS Incompatible Time-Sharing SystemITS Institute for Telecommunication Sciences, USAITS Intelligent Transport SystemITS International Telecommunications SocietyITS Internationalization Tag SetITS (NIST) Internet Time ServiceITSEC Information Technology Security Evaluation Criteria/CertificationITSEM Information Technology Security Evaluation ManualITSK IT Sicherheitskriterien (Grünbuch)ITSO Information Technology Security Office, Indiana UniversityITSP Internet Telephony Service ProviderITSTC Information Technology Steering CommitteeITT Internet, Television, TelephoneITT Invitation To Transmit (Arcnet)ITU Intelligent Thermal UpdateITU International Telecommunication UnionITUG International Telecommunications Users’ GroupITV Interactive TelevisionITW In The WildITX Intermediate Text BlockIU Integer UnitIUG Informix User GroupIUK Information und KommunikationIUKDG Informations- und Kommunikationsdienste-GesetzIUMA Internet Underground Music ArchiveIUPAP International Union of Pure and Applied PhysicsIUR International User RequirementsIUS Interchange Unit Separator


IUTY It’s Up To You (Slang)IV Initialisation VectorIV InteressenverbundIVB Individuelle VerkehrsbeeinflussungIVBB Informationsverbund Bonn-BerlinIVC Inter-Vehicle CommunicationIVCA International Visual Communication AssociationIVDLAN Integrated Voice and Data Local Area NetworkIVHS Intelligent Vehicle Highway SystemIVIS Interactive Video Information SystemIVN Intervening NetworkIVNM Interessenverband Neue MedienIVOD Interactive Video On DemandIVP Installation Verification ImageIVR Interactive Voice Recognition/ResponseIVS IBM VerkabelungssystemIVS Interactive Visualization SystemIVT Interrupt Vector TableIVV Independent Verification and ValidationIVW Informationsgemeinschaft zur Feststellung der Verbreitung von WerbeerträgenIW Information WarfareIWBNI It Would Be Nice If (Slang)IWF Impulswahlverfahren (Telefon)IWU Interworking UnitIWV ImpulswahlverfahrenIX Internet ExchangeIXA Internet Exchange ArchitectureIXC Interexchange CarrierIXF Integrated Exchange FormatIXI International X.25 InterconnectIXP Internet Exchange PointIYB In Your Basket (Slang)IYSWIM If You See What I Mean (Slang)IZT Institut für Zukunftsstudien und Technologiebewertung

J Java, Japan, JobJ2EE Java 2 Enterprise EditionJ2SE Java 2 Standard EditionJA Jump Address

301

JAAS Java Authentication and Authorization ServiceJAD Joint Application DesignJAE Java Application EnvironmentJAM Just A Minute (Slang)JAM Jyacc Application ManagerJANET Joint Academic Network, EnglandJAP Java Anon ProxyJAR Java ArchiveJASON Journal Articles Sent On DemandJAUA Just Another Useless Answer (Slang)JAXP Java API for XML ProcessingJBCE Japan Business Council in EuropeJBCE JavaBean Calculation EngineJBD Journaling Block DeviceJBIG Joint Bilevel Image GroupJBOD Just a Bunch Of DiscsJCA Java Connection ArchitectureJCALS Joint Computer Aided Acquisition and Logistic Support SystemJCB Job Conrol BlockJCC Java Competence CenterJCE Java Cryptography ExtensionJCL Job Control Language (IBM)JCP Java Community ProcessJCS Job Control Statement/SystemJCT Job Control TableJD Julian Date/DayJDB Java DebuggerJDBC Java Data Base ConnectivityJDC Japanese Digital CellularJDK Java Developers/Development KitJECC Japan Electronic Computer CenterJEDEC Joint Electronic Devices Engineering CouncilJEIDA Japan/Japanese Electronics Industry Development AssociationJES Job Entry SubsystemJESA Japan Engineering Standard AssociationJESSI Joint European Submicron Silicon InitiativeJFC Java Foundation ClassJFET Johnson/Junction Field Effect TransistorJFFS Journalling Flash File SystemJFIF JPEG File Interchange Format


JFS Journal/Journaled/Journalling/Java File SystemJFS Jumbo Frame SupportJGFET Junction Gate Field Effect TransistorJIB Job Information BlockJIC Just In Case (Slang)JICST Japan Information Center of Science and TechnologyJID Jabber IdentifierJIF Journal Impact FactorJIT Just In Time (Compiler)JJ Josephson JunctionJJ Just Joking (Slang)JMMD Jokes Make My Day (Slang)JMP Job Monitor ProtocolJMS Java Messaging ServiceJMS Job Management SystemJNDI Java Naming and Directory InterfaceJNDSPI Java Naming and Directory Service Provider InterfaceJNI Java Native InterfaceJOL Job Orientation LanguageJOSS Joint Object Services SubmissionJOTA Jamboree On The AirJPDA Java Platform Debugging ArchitectureJPEG Joint Photographic Experts GroupJPL Java Perl LingoJPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, USAJPL Jyacc Procedural LanguageJRE Java Runtime EnvironmentJRTS Java Real Time SystemJSDK Java Servlet Development KitJS JavaScriptJS Jumper SettingJSC Job Status codeJSF Jabber Software FoundationJSGF Java Speech Grammar FormatJSH Job control ShellJSM Job Stream ManagerJSML Java Speech Markup LanguageJSNM Just Stark Naked Magic (Slang)JSP Jackson Structured ProgrammingJSP Java Server Page/Pages

303

JSQL Java SQLJSS JavaScript Style SheetJSSE Java Secure Socket ExtensionJT Job TableJTAG Joint Test Action GroupJTAM Job and Transfer ManipulationJTAP JTC1 TAG Application Portability Study GroupJTAPI Java Telephony Application Programming InterfaceJTC Joint Technical Committee (ISO/IEC)JTM Job Transfer and Management/ManipulationJTRS Joint Tactical Radio System, USAJTS Java Transaction ServiceJUBL Jülicher BlueGene/L (Supercomputer)JUD Jabber User DirectoryJUG Java User GroupJUGD Java User Group DeutschlandJUGFET Junction Gate Field Effect TransistorJUMP Java User Migration PathJUNET Japan/Japanese UNIX NetworkJUST Joint Users of Siemens TelecommunicationsJV Job VariableJVM Java Virtual MachineJVNC John-von-Neumann (Super-Computer-) CenterJVT Joint Video TeamJWS Java WorkshopJXTA Juxtapose (Sun)

K Key, Kilo, KommunikationK12 Kindergarten through 12th grade, K-12KA Kamikaze (packet)KA Keine Ahnung (no idea)KA Key AccountKA Knowledge Access/Acquisition/ArchitectureKA KommunikationsausrüstungKAD Knowledge Aided DesignKAD KontoauszugsdruckerKADB Kernel Assembly DebuggerKADM Kerberos Administration (server)KADS Knowledge Analysis and Design System


KAI Kurzweil Applied IntelligenceKALUG Karlsruhe Linux User GroupKAM Knowledge Aided ManufacturingKAOS Kent Applicative Operating SystemKAP Kernel Andorra PrologKAPSE Kernel Ada Program Support EnvironmentKAS Kerberos Authentication ServerKB KeyboardKB KilobyteKB Knowledge BaseKBE Knowledge Based EngineeringKBPS Kilobit/byte per secondKBS Knowledge Based SystemKC Kids’ ComputerKCC Keyboard Communications ConcentratorKCD Kernel Cousin DebianKCL Kyoto Common LispKCP Kernel Control PathKCS Kansas City StandardKD Knowledge DiscoveryKDC Key Distribution CenterKDD Knowledge Discovery in DatabasesKDE KDE Desktop EnvironmentKDF Knowledge Discovery FrameworkKDS Knowledge Discovery SystemKDS KommunikationsdatensatzKDT Key Definition TableKE Knowledge EconomyKEA Key Exchange AlgorithmKED KundenenddokumentationKES Key Escrow SystemKEWL Knowledge Environment for Web-based LearningKF KnopflerfishKGI Kernel Graphics InterfaceKHM Kunsthochschule für Medien, KölnKI Künstliche IntelligenzKIBO Knowledge In, Bullshit Out (Slang)KIK Kommunaler Info-KanalKIS Kernel Information/Intrusion SystemKIS Knowbot Information Service

305

KISS Keep It Simple/Small and Stupid/SimpleKIT Kernel Software for Intelligent TerminalsKJM Kommission für JugendmedienschutzKK Konnektivitäts-KoordinationKLNG Knowledge-supported Line Network Global (Vectorization)KLO Knowledge Level ObjectKLOC Kilo Lines Of CodeKM Knowledge Management/MismanagementKMMT Kompetenzzentrum Multimedia und Telematik, TübingenKMS Key Management ServerKMS Knowledge Management SystemKMU Kleine und Mittlere UnternehmenKNAS Kerberos Network Authentication ServiceKNF Konjunktive NormalformKNI Katmai New InstructionsKOALA Konstanzer Ausleih- und AnfragesystemKOP Kontaktplan (DIN 19 239)KPA Key Process AreaKPI Key Performance IndicatorKQML Knowledge Query and Manipulation LanguageKOS Keep On Smiling (Slang)KOS Kernel/Kohler Operating SystemKOS Key Object SelectionKR Knowledge RepresentationK&R Kernighan + RitchieKRC Kent Recursive CalculatorKRITIS (Arbeitsgruppe) Kritische InfrastrukturenKRS Knowledge Retrieval System, Kernighan + Ritchie StandardKS Session KeyKSAM Keyed Sequential Access MethodKSK Key Signing KeyKSR Keyboard Send ReceiveKT KommunikationstechnikKTA Korean Telecommunication AuthorityKTK Kommission für den Ausbau des technischen KommunikationssystemsKU Unit KeyKÜFUST KüstenfunkstelleKUUG Karlsruher UNIX User GroupKV Kabelverzweiger, Karnaugh Veitch (Diagramm)KVM Kernel-based Virtual Machine


KVM Keyboard, Video, MouseKVNO Key Version NumberKVP Kontinuierlicher VerbesserungsprozessKVZ KabelverzweigerKW Kurzwelle, KurzwahlKWIM Know What I Mean? (Slang)KWIPS Kilo Whetstones Per SecondKZK Klasse - Zuständigkeit - KooperationKZU Kennzeichenumsetzer

L Line, Link, Linux, Local, Logic, LowL2CAP Logical Link and Control Adaptation ProtocolL2F Layer 2 ForwardingL2TP Layer 2 Tunneling ProtocolLA LAN AnalyzerLA License ApplicationLA License/Licensing Administration/AdministratorLA Location AreaLA Logical AddressLAA Locally Administered AddressLAB Logic Array BlockLABNET Laboratory Broadband NetworkLAC L2TP Access ControllerLACC Los Alamos Computer CodeLACP Link Aggregation Control ProtocolLAD Leistungsanschlusseinheit, digitalLADDR Layered Device Driver ArchitectureLADE Language Definition EnvironmentLADSPA Linux Audio Developer’s Simple Plug-in APILADT Local Area Data TransportLAES Lawfully Authorized Electronic SurveillanceLAF Look And Feel (L&F)LAG Link Aggregate GroupLAI LAN Automatic InventoryLAI Location Area IdentityLAICS Los Alamos Integrated Communications SystemLALL Longest Allowed Lobe LengthLALR Lexically Assign, Logically RefineLALR Look Ahead Left Right

307

LAM Lobe Attachment UnitLAM Local Area MulticomputerLAMPS Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP, SSLLAN Local Area NetworkLANANA Linux Assigned Names And Numbers AuthorityLANC Local Application Control Bus SystemLANC Local Area Network Control (Sony)LANDSAT Land-use SatelliteLANE Local Area Network Emulation/EmulatorLANL Los Alamos National Laboratory, USALANUG Los Alamos NeXT Users GroupLAP Link Access Profile/Protocol/ProcedureLAP Lower Address Part (Bluetooth)LAPB Link Access Procedure for Balanced ModeLAPD Link Access Procedure for the D-ChannelLAPF Link Access Procedure Framed ModeLAPF Link Access Protocol for Frame Mode Bearer ServicesLAPIC Local Advanced Programmable Interrupt ControllerLAPM Link Access Protocol for ModemsLAPS Local Area Network Adapter and Protocol Support (IBM)LAR Load Access RightLARC Livermore Automatic Research ComputerLARP Live Action Role PlayingLARS Linux Accessibility Resource SiteLART Loser/Luser Attitude Readjustment ToolLAS Library Access SystemLASER Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of RadiationLASIC Laser Application Specific Integrated CircuitLAST Local Area Storage Transport (DEC)LAT Local Area Transport (DEC)LATA Local Access and Transmit/Transport AreaLATM LPI Approved Training MaterialsLAU Lobe Access UnitLAVC Local Area VAX ClusterLAVMS Los Alamos Voice Messaging SystemLAWN Local Area Wireless NetworkLBA Linear Beschränkter AutomatLBA Logical Block AddressingLBB Logic Building BlockLBC Local Bus Controller


LBM Local Bus MasterLBRV Low Bit Rate VoiceLBS Location Based ServicesLBT Listen Before TalkLBT Local Bus TargetLBV LeistungsbedarfsvorhersageLBX Low Bandwidth XLC Late CounterLC Library of Congress, USALC Liquid CrystalLC Live CameraLC Local Changes/ControlLC Low ComplexityLC Lower CaseLCA Logic Cell ArrayLCA Losely Coupled ArchitectureLCC Linux Core ConsortiumLCCM LAN Client Control ManagerLCD Liquid Crystal Device/DisplayLCF LAN Configuration FacilityLCF Lightweight Client FrameworkLCF Location ConfirmationLCF Logic for Computable FunctionsLCF Low Cost FiberLCG Large Hadron Collider Computing Grid, CERN, GenfLCG Linear Congruential (random number) GeneratorLCHU Low Cost Home UserLCI Life Cycle IntegrationLCI Logical Channel IndentifierLCIM Life Cycle Information ManagementLCL Local ClockLCM LEAF Creation MethodLCM Life Cycle ManagementLCN Local Control NetworkLCN Logical Channel NumberLCOM Lack of Cohesion in MethodsLCOS Liquid Crystal On SiliconLCP Link Control Protocol (Internet)LCR Least/Low Cost Router/RoutingLCRD Low Cost Removable Drive

309

LCS Linux Compatibility StandardLCS Liquid Cooling SystemLCS Liquid Crystal ShutterLCSC Local Carrier Service CenterLCSH Library of Congress Subject HeadingsLCU Last Cluster UsedLD Long DistanceLD Low DelayLDA Local Delivery AgentLDA Logical Device AddressLDAP Lightweight Directory Access ProtocolLDCM LAN Desk Client Manager (Intel)LDF Linear Display FileLDG Los Alamos DebuggerLDIF LDAP Data Interchange FormatLDIP Laboratory Data Integrity ProgramLDLN Long Distance Learning NetworkLDM Long Distance ModemLDN Linux Standard Base Developer NetworkLDP Label Distribution ProtocolLDP (The) Linux Documentation ProjectLDP Loader Debugger ProtocolLDR Light Dependent ResistorLDR Long Distance RelationshipLDRI Low Dynamic Range ImageLDS Landesamt für Datenverarbeitung und StatistikLDS Logical Data StructureLDS Lotus Discovery ServerLDSG LandesdatenschutzgesetzLDSL Low Speed ISDN Digital Subscriber LineLDSS Low-dimensional Semiconductor StructureLDT Lightning Data TransportLDT Local Descriptor TableLDTR Load Descriptor Table RegisterLDTRC Load Descriptor Table Register CacheLDTV Limited Definition TelevisionLDUP LDAP Duplication and Update (Protocol)LE Light/Limited EditionLE Link EncapsulationLE Logical Element/Extent


LEA Law Enforcement AgencyLEAF Large Effective Area FiberLEAF Law Enforcement Access FieldLEAP Lightweight Extensible Authentication ProtocolLEARP LAN Emulation Address Resolution ProtocolLEC LAN Emulation ClientLEC Local Exchange CarrierLECS LAN Emulation Client/Configuration Server/ServiceLED Light Emitting DiodeLEF Library Exchange FormatLEL Link Embedded and Launch-to-editLEM Language Extension ModuleLEM Link Error MonitorLEMF Law Enforcement Monitoring FacilityLEMP Lightning Electromagnetic PulseLEN Low Entry Networking/NodeLEO Link Everything OnlineLEO Low Earth Orbit/OrbitingLEOSAR Low Earth Orbit Search And RescueLEP Light Emitting PolymerLEPS Lancom Enhanced Passphrase SecurityLER Light Emitting ResistorLES LAN Emulation Server/ServiceLES Land-ErdfunkstelleLESC London E-Science CenterLF Lifetime FailureLF Line FeedLF Login FacilityLF Low FrequencyLFA Log File AnalysisLFAP Lightweight Flow Admission ProtocolLFF Large Form FactorLFI Last File IndicatorLFK Landesanstalt für KommunikationLFM Low Frequency ModeLFN Logical File NameLFN Long File NamesLFO Low Frequency OscillatorLFP Large Format PrintingLFS Large File Support

311

LFS Linux From ScratchLFS Linux Log File SystemLFS Local File SystemLFS Log-structured File SystemLFSA List of Frequently Seen AcronymsLFSR Linear Feedback Shift RegisterLFU Least Frequently UsedLGA Low Gain AntennaLGFT Lie Group Fourier TransformLGMR Laser Guided Magnetical RecordingLGN Logical Group NodeLGPL Library/Lesser General Public License (GNU)LH Link HeaderLHS Left Hand SideLI Lawful InterceptionLI Length IndicationLIC Logical Link ControlLICS Lotus International Character SetLID Logical Input DeviceLIDAR Light Detection And RangingLIDS Linux Intrusion Detection SystemLIEP Large Internet Exchange Packet (Novell)LIF Low Insertion ForceLIFE Laboratory of International Fuzzy EngineeringLIFO Last In, First Out (Speicher)LII Linux Internationalisation InititativeLILO Last In, Last Out (Speicher)LIM Light Intensity ModulationLIM Load Information ManagerLIM Lotus, Intel, MicrosoftLIMB Listing of Molecular Biology DatabasesLIMDOW Laser Intensity Modulation Direct OverwriteLIMS Laboratory/Library Information Management SystemLIN Local Interconnect NetworkLINFO The Linux Information ProjectLINQ Language Integrated QueryLINX London Internet ExchangeLIP Large Internet PacketLIP Line Interconnection PointLIP Loop Initialization Protocol


LIPS Lightweight Internet Person SchemaLIPS Logical Inferences/Instructions Per SecondLIPX Large Internet Packet ExchangeLIR Library of International RelationsLIR Line ReferenceLIR Local Internet RegistryLIRA Learning Information Retrieval AgentLIRC Linux Infrared Remote ControlLIS Logical IP SubnetworkLISA Localization Industry Standards AssociationLISP List Processing (Language/Program)LISP Lots of Irritating Superfluous ParenthesesLITA Library and Information Technology Association, USALIVE Linux Verband e. V., FrickenhausenLK LinienkopplerLKCD Linux Kernel Crash DumpLKM Loadable Kernel ModuleLKML Linux Kernel Mailing ListLKP Local Knowledge PoolLKS Loadable Kernel ServerLL Leased LineLL Local LoopbackLLA Latitude, Longitude, AltitudeLLA Link Level AccessLLC Logical Link ControlLLC Low Layer CompatibilityLLC2 Logical Link Control Class 2LLF Least Laxity FirstLLF Low Level FormatLLG Lesser Linux GodLLH Logical Link HeaderLLNL Lawrence Livermoore National Laboratory, USALLOC Lines Of CodeLLP Link Layer ProtocolLLP Live Long and Prosper (Slang)LLR Least-Loaded RouteLLS Linear Least SquaresLLTA Lots and Lots of Thundering Applause (Slang)LLU Link Local UseLMAO Laughing My Ass Off (Slang)

313

LMB Line Mode BrowserLMB Local Master BrowserLMBCS Lotus Multibyte Character SetLMDO Laughing My Diaper Off (Slang)LMDS Local Multipoint Distribution ServiceLME Layer Management EntityLMF Local Media FormatLMF Logical MainframeLMI Local Management InterfaceLMK Langwelle, Mittelwelle, KurzwelleLMOS Loop Maintenace Operations SystemLMP Layer Management ProtocolLMP Link Manager/Management ProtocolLMR Land Mobile RadioLMS Laser Magnetic StorageLMS Learning Management SystemLMS License Management Service (OSF)LMSC LAN/MAN Standards Committee (IEEE)LMTP Local Mail Transfer ProtocolLMU Logical Network Management UnitLN Logical NetworkLNA Low Noise AmplifierLNAI Lecture Notes in Artificial IntelligenceLNB Low Noise Block ConverterLNC Low Noise ConverterLNCS Lecture Notes in Computer ScienceLNG Line Network Global (Vectorization)LNI Lecture Notes of InformaticsLNOV Line Network Orientied VectorizationLNP Local Network ProtocolLNS L2TP Network ServerLO Local OscillatorLOA Letter Of AssuranceLOAF Linux On A FloppyLOB Large ObjectLOC Library Of Congress, USALOC Line(s) Of CodeLOC Loop On-Line ControlLOCIS Library Of Congress Information System, USALOD Level Of Detail


LOF List Of FiguresLOF Loss of FrameLOI Letter Of IntentLOL Laughing Out Loud (Slang)LOL List Of ListsLOL Lots Of Luck (Slang)LOM LAN On Mainboard/MotherboardLOM Learning Object MetadataLON Local Operating NetworkLOOPS LISP Object Oriented Programming SystemLOP Logikplan (DIN 19 239/40 719)LOP Loss of Pointer/PowerLORAN Long Range Aid to NavigatorsLORE Line Oriented EditorLOS Line Of SightLOS Loss Of SignalLOT List Of TablesLOWFER Low Frequency Experimental RadioLP Line PrinterLP Linear/Logic ProgrammingLP Logical PartitionLP Long PlayLP Low Power/ProfileLPA Logarithmic Periodical AntennaLPAC Lossless Predictive Audio CompressionLPB Local Peripheral BusLPC Linear Predictive CodingLPC Local Procedure CallLPC Low Pin Count (Interface)LPD LandespostdirektionLPD Line Printer Daemon (UNIX)LPD Low Power DeviceLPI lines per inchLPI Linux Professional InstituteLPI Lower Prediction IntervalLPIC Linux Professional Institute CertificationLPL Lotus Programming LanguageLPM lines per minuteLPM Low Power ModeLPN Logical Page Number

315

LPO Logical Post OfficeLPP Licensed Program ProductLPPB Land Pre Pit Level before RecordingLPPL LaTeX Project Public LicenseLPQ Line Printer QueueLPRS Low Power Radio ServiceLPS lines per secondLPS Low Power Schottky (Semiconductor)LPT Line PrinterLPTF Laboratoire Primaire du Temps et des FrequencesLPTS Low Power Time SourceLQ Letter QualityLQM Link Quality MonitoringLQR Link Quality ReportLRC Local Register CacheLRC Longitudinal Redundancy CheckLRE Left to Right EmbeddingLRE Limited Regular ExpressionLRE Long Reach EthernetLRI Least Recently LoadedLRJ Location RejectLRP Linux Router ProjectLRPC Lightweight Remote Procedure CallLRQ Location RequestLRU Least Recently UsedLRU Lowest Replaceable UnitLRZ Leibniz-Rechenzentrum MünchenLS Location ServicesLSA Line Sharing AdapterLSA Local Security AuthorityLSA Link State Algorithm/AdvertisementLSA lötfrei – schraubfrei – abisolierfreiLSB Least Significant BitLSB Linux Standard BaseLSB Lower Side BandLSC Least Significant CharacterLSC Live Sequence ChartLSCD Licensed Status Confirmation DocumentLSD Least Significant DigitLSDV Link Segment Delay Value


LSF Load Sharing FacilityLSF Log Structured File (Array)LSI Large Scale IntegrationLSID Local Session IdentifierLSL Link Support LayerLSM Linux Security ModuleLSM Linux Software MapLSM Logical Storage ManagerLSO Linux Standards OrganizationLSP Link State Packet/PDULSP Linux Support PackageLSP Local Support ProviderLSR Label/Load Switch/Switched/Switching RouterLSR Least Squares RegressionLSR Link State Request/RoutingLSR Linux Software Resources/ReviewLSR Load Shifting ResistorLSR Local Service RequestLSR Logical Shift RightLSR Logical Storage ResourceLSR Loose Source RouteLST Linux Support TeamLSV Low Speed VariantLSX Lotus Script ExtensionsLSZ LeitungschlüsselzahlLSZH Low Smoke Zero Halogen (Kabel)LT LaGrande TechnologyLT Lease TimeLT Link TrailerLTA Laptop AccessLTCC Low Temperature Cofired CeramicLTDC Long Term Data CollectionLTE Long Term EvolutionLTI Laser Thermal ImagingLTI Linear Time Invariant (system)LTM Long Term MemoryLTNS Long Time No See (Slang)LTO Linear Tape OpenLTP Linux Test ProjectLTP Long Term Plan/Prediction/Program

317

LTPS Low Temperature PolysiliconLTS Local Time Server/ServiceLTS Long Term SupportLTSC Learning Technology Standards CommitteeLTSP Linux Terminal Server ProjectLTV Light To VoltageLU Logical UnitLUA Limited User AccountLUB Least Upper BoundLUF Lowest Usable FrequencyLUFS Linux Userland File SystemLUG Linux/Local User GroupLUI Live User InterfaceLUKS Linux Unified Key SetupLUM Linux User ManagementLUN Logical Unit NumberLUNI LAN Emulation User Network InterfaceLUP Language UpgradeLUT Local User TerminalLUT Look Up TableLUUG Lunar UNIX Users GroupLV Logical VolumeLV Low VoltageLVD Low Voltage Differential (SCSI)LVDS Low Voltage Differential Sensing/Signal/Signalling/SCSI/SwingLVM Logical Volume ManagerLVN Landesverwaltungsnetz Baden-WürttembergLVS Linux Virtual ServerLW Langwelle, Long WaveLW Long Wire AntennaLWAPP Lightweight Access Point ProtocolLWC Lift Window ControlLWDMO Lead Writing Device - Manual Option (vulgo Bleistift)LWDRM Light Weight Digital Rights ManagementLWE Linux World Conference + ExpoLWIR Long Wave InfraredLWL LichtwellenleiterLWL Long Wave LaserLWN Linux Weekly NewsLWP Lightweight Process


LWX LAN WAN ExchangeLZ Leerzeichen (space)LZH Lempel, Ziv, Huffman (Algorithm)LZMA Lempel, Ziv, Markow AlgorithmLZSS Lempel, Ziv, Storer, Szymanski (Algorithm)LZW Lempel, Ziv, Welch (Algorithm)

M Manage, Memory, Message, Mobile, Mode, MultiM MeldeleitungM2FM Modified Double Frequency ModulationM2M Machine To MachineMA Management AgentMA MasterMAB Maschinelles Austauschformat für BibliothekenMABI Macintosh Application Binary InterfaceMAC Machine Aided CognitionMAC Mainframe Attachment ControllerMAC Maintaining Arc ConsistencyMAC Mandatory/Medium/Media/Memory Access Control/ControllerMAC Membership Advisory CommitteeMAC Message Authentication Check/CodeMAC Multi Access ComputerMAC Multiplexed Analogue ComponentsMAC Multiply Accumulate/Accumulator (Command, Unit)MACE Middleware Architectural Committee for EducationMACF Mandatory Access Control FrameworkMACP Motion Adaptive Color PlusMACS Mixed Aloha Carrier SenseMACS Modem Access Control SystemMACUL Michigan Association of Computer Users in LearningMADCAP Multicast Address Dynamic Client Allocation ProtocolMADSL Margin Adaptive Digital Subscriber LineMAE Macintosh Application EnvironmentMAE Metropolitan Area ExchangeMAF Mozilla Archive FormatMAGRAM Magnetic Random Access MemoryMAN Manchester (Coding)MAN Metropolitan Area NetworkMANET Mobile Adhoc Network

319

MANIAC Mathematical Analyzer, Numerical Integrator, and ComputerMAP Maintenance Analysis ProcedureMAP Manufacturing Automation ProtocolMAP Manufacturing PackageMAP Mesh Access PointMAP Message Access ProtocolMAP Mobile Application PartMAPI Mail/Message/Messaging Application Programmer/Programming InterfaceMAPICS Manufacturing, Accounting and Production Information Control System (IBM)MAPS Mail Abuse Prevention SystemMAPTOP MAP Technical Office ProtocolMAR Memory Address RegisterMARBI Machine-Readable Bibliographic Information (Committee)MARC Machine-Readable Cataloging/CodeMARID MTA Authorization Records In DNSMARP Multi LAN Address Resolution ProtocolMARPA Mini Automatic Radar Plotting AidMARS Message Archiving and Retrieval ServiceMARS Military Affiliate Radio SystemMARS Multicast Address Resolution ServerMAS Microsoft Anti-SpywareMAS Multi Agent SystemMASC Multicast Address-Set Claim (Protocol)MASER Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of RadiationMASI (Laboratoire de) Modelisation et d’Architecture des Systemes InformatiquesMASM Macro Assembler (Microsoft)MASS Mass Storage SystemMASS Message Authentication Signature StandardMATIP Mapping of Airline Traffic over Internet ProtocolMATRIX Multistate Anti-Terrorism Information ExchangeMAU Medium Attachment Unit (Ethernet)MAU Multi Station Access UnitMAVT Mobile Audio Visual TerminalMAZ MagnetbildaufzeichnungMB Macro BlockMB Megabyte/Multi ByteMBA Macroblock AddressMBA Managed (PC) Boot AgentMBC Multi Bit CellMBCS Multibyte Character Set (encoding)


MBFT Multipoint Binary File TransferMBMS Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast ServiceMBONE Multicast/Multimedia BackboneMBPS Megabits/bytes per secondMBR Master Boot RecordMBS Maximum Burst SizeMBS Mobile Broadband SystemMBSA Microsoft Baseline Security AnalyzerMBX MailboxMC Master ControlMC Miniature CardMC Mobile Commerce/CommunicationMC Moving CoilMC Multi Carrier/CastMC Multipoint ControllerMCA Machine Check ArchitectureMCA Micro Channel Architecture (IBM)MCA Mission Critical ApplicationMCA Motion Capture and AnalysisMCA Multiprocessor Communication AdapterMCAD Mechanical Computer Aided DesignMCAST Motif Cluster Alignment and Search ToolMCAT Metadata CatalogMCB Memory Control BlockMCBSP Multi Channel Buffered Serial PortMCC Mamas Computer ClubMCC Manchester Computing CentreMCC Media Changer CommandsMCC Memory Cache ControllerMCC Microelectronics and Computer Technology CorporationMCC Mission Control CenterMCCI Multi-Channel Communications InterfaceMCCI Multimedia Copyright Clearance IrelandMCCOI Multimedia Communications Community of InterestMCCS Monitor Command and Control Set (VESA)MCD Mad Computer DiseaseMCD Mini Client DriverMCDA Micro Channel Developers AssociationMCDS Mail Channel Directory SystemMCDU Multipurpose Control and Display Unit

321

MCE Machine Check ExceptionMCE Management Communication EngineMCE Media Center Edition (Microsoft)MCF Meta Content FormatMCF MOM Connector Framework (Microsoft)MCFT Multi Cash File Transfer (eBanking)MCGA Multi Colour Graphics Adaptor/ArrayMCGAM MIXER Conformant Global Address MappingMCH Memory Controller HubMCI Media Control InterfaceMCIR Machine Controlled Interactive RetrievalMCIS Microsoft Commercial Internet SystemMCM Media and Communication ManagementMCM Multi Carrier ModulationMCM Multi Chip ModuleMCN Media Catalogue NumberMCN Multiple Crossbar NetworkMCNC Microelectronics Center of North CarolinaMCNS Multimedia Cable Network SystemMCOP Management CoprocessorMCOP Mobile Connect One-time PasswordMCOP Multimedia Communication Protocol (KDE)MCP Macintosh Coprocessor PlatformMCP Master Control ProgrammMCP Media and Communications ProcessorMCP Microsoft Certified ProfessionalMCP Multichip PackageMCPP Microsoft Communications Protocol ProgramMCR Minimal/Minimum Cell RateMCS Master Control StationMCS Mission Critical ServerMCS Modulation and Coding SchemeMCS Multicast ServerMCS Multinational Character SetMCS Multipoint Communication Services/SystemMCSE Microsoft Certified Systems EngineerMCSG Mathematical and Computational Sciences GroupMCT Memory ControllerMCT Mind Control TechnologyMCT MOS Controlled Thyristor


MCU Master Control UnitMCU Memory/Micro/Multipoint/Module Control/Controller UnitMCU Minimum Coded UnitMCU Multi Chip UnitMCU Multicast UnitMCU Multipoint Conferencing/Control UnitMCX Media Center ExtenderMD Mail DropMD Mediation DeviceMD Message DigestMD Mini DiskMD5 Message Digest 5MDA Mail Delivery AgentMDA Media Dependent/Device AdapterMDA Mediated Digest AuthenticationMDA Mesh Deterministic AccessMDA Mobile Digital AssistantMDA Model Driven ArchitectureMDA Merci d’avance (Slang)MDA Monochrome Display AdapterMDAC Master Data Acquisition and Control SystemMDAC Microsoft Data Access ComponentMDBMS Multidimensional DBMSMDBS Mobile Data Base StationMDDI Mobile Digital Display Interface (VESA)MDE MaschinendatenerfassungMDEC Motion (JPEG) DecoderMDF Main Distribution FrameMDG Message Design GuidelinesMDG Minimum Delay GeneratorMDG Mobile Data Gateway/GroupMDG Module Dependency GraphMDG Multiple Default GatewayMDG Multiuser Dungeon GameMDH Multimedia Data HandlingMDI Media Dependent InterfaceMDI Multiple Document InterfaceMDIS Mobile Data Intermediate SystemMDIX Media/Medium Dependent Interface CrossedMDK Multimedia Development Kit (Microsoft)

323

MDN Message Disposition NotificationMDNI Management Director (!) Network InterfaceMDNI Multicast Device Network InterfaceMDNS Managed Data Network ServiceMDR Minimum Design RequirementMDS Meta Data ServerMDS Microsoft Deployment SolutionMDS Monitoring and Discovery ServiceMDS Mulit-Dimensional ScalingMDS Multiple Data StreamMDSL Medium Bit Rate/Multirate Digital Subscriber LineMDSTV MediendienstestaatsvertragMDT Mittlere DatentechnikMDT Mobile Data TerminalMDY Month Day Year (Datumsangabe)ME Micro EditionME Mutation EngineMEB Memory Expansion BoardMEC Memory Expansion CardMECN Mobile Extended Corporate NetworkMEDARS Medical Access and Retrieval SystemMEDLINE Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval SystemMELANI Melde- und Analysestelle Informationssicherung, SchweizMEMS Micro Electro-Mechanical SystemMEO Medium Earth OrbitMERIT Michigan Education Research Insruction TriadMERLIN Message Handling and Radio Link ManagementMERS Most Economical Route SelectionMES Mobile End SystemMESFET Metal Semiconductor Field Effect TransistorMESI Modified Exclusive Shared Invalid (Cache)MET Memory Enhancement TechnologyMET Middle European TimeMET Mission Elapsed TimeMETAL Macro Expansion Template Attribute LanguageMEXE Mobil Station Execution EnvironmentMEZ Mitteleuropäische ZeitMF MarinefunkerMF MultifunktionMFC Mainframe Computer


MFC Microsoft Foundation ClassesMFC Multifunktionale ChipkarteMFFS Microsoft Flash File SystemMFI Metafile InputMFIA Magtape Formatter Interface AdapterMFJ Modified Final JudgementMFLOP Million Floating Point OperationsMFM Modified Frequency ModulationMFO Metafile OutputMFP Multifunction PeripheralMFPA Multi Function Peripheral AssociationMFQ Multilevel Feedback QueueMFR Multi Frequency ReceiverMFS Macintosh File SystemMFS Maximum Frame SizeMFS Memory File SystemMFS Mitteilungen für SeefunkstellenMFT Master File TableMFT Multi-Programming with a Fixed number of TasksMFTL My Favorite Toy LanguageMFTP Multicast File Transfer ProtocolMFV Mehrfrequenz-Wahlverfahren (Telefon)MG Master GroupMG Media GatewayMGA MehrgeäteanschlussMGA Monochrome/Multimode Graphic AdapterMGC Media Gateway ControllerMGCP Media Gateway Control ProtocolMGFT Motion Group Fourier TransformMGPF Multiprogram General Purpose FacilitiesMGR Multi Gigabit RouterMH Modified Huffman (Compression)MHD Moving Head DiskMHEG Multimedia and Hypermedia Expert GroupMHF Message Handling FacilityMHN Münchener Hochschul-NetzMHOTY My Hat’s Off To You (Slang)MHP Multimedia Home PlatformMHS Message/Mail Handling Service/SystemMHTML MIME encoded Hypertext Markup Language

325

MI Mode IndicateMI Modul InterfaceMI Multiple Instruction (Stream Computer)MIA Missing In Action (Debian)MIAS MehrwertsteuerinformationsaustauschsystemMIB Management Information BaseMIB Melde- und Informationssystem BinnenschifffahrtMIC Macro Interpretative CommandMIC Media Interface ConnectorMIC Memory In CassetteMIC Message Integrity Check/CodeMIC Mode Indicate CommonMIC Multimedia Interactive ControlMICA Modem ISDN Channel AggregationMICE Multimedia Integrated Conferencing for EuropeMICK Multimedia-Informations-Centrum KarlsruheMICR Magnetic Ink Character RecognitionMICS Mobile Information and Communication SystemsMID Maritime Identification DigitMID Message IdentifierMID Mobile Internet DeviceMIDI Musical Instrument Digital InterfaceMIDP Mobile Information Device ProfileMIDS Matrix Internet Data SurveyMIEF Management Information Error FacilityMIF Management Information File/FormatMIHMA Model-based Integration Heterogeneous Multimedia ArchivesMII Media Independent InterfaceMII Microsoft, IBM, IntelMIL military; Internet-Domain: Militär in den USAMIL (amerikanische Militärnorm)MIL Machine Interface LayerMILNET Military Network, USAMIM Metall-Isolator-Metall (Bildschirm)MIMD Multiple Instructions Multiple DataMIME Multipurpose Internet Mail ExtensionsMIMO Multiple Input Multiple OutputMINC Multilingual Internet Names ConsortiumMINT Mathematik, Informatik, Naturwissenschaften, TechnikMIO Modular Input Output


MIP Maximum Integration PhoneMIPA Mutual Internet Practices AssociationMIPS Million Instructions Per SecondMIPS Most Irrelevant Product SpecificationMIPS Multimedia Interactive Protocols and SystemsMIPTEL Mobile IP TelephonyMIS Management Information SystemMIS Metal Insulator SemiconductorMISD Multiple Instructions Single DataMIT Management Information TreeMIT Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyMITI Ministry of Trade and Industry, JapanMITM Man In The Middle (attack)MITMA Man In The Middle AttackMITS Model Instrumentation Telemetry SystemMIX Member Information ExchangeMIXER MIME Internet X.400 Enhanced RelayMJ Major DescriptorMJ Modular Jack (Steckersystem)MJD Modified Julian DateMJPEG Motion-JPEGMKB Media Key BlockMKL Mathematical Kernel Library (Intel)MKT Multifunktionales KartenterminalML Machine/Markup/Meta LanguageMLA Micro Lense ArrayMLA My Local AddressMLC Multi Level CellMLD Master Logic DiagramMLD Multicast Listener DiscoveryMLE Millenium Language ExtensionMLI Multiple Link InterfaceMLID Multiple Link Interface DriverMLIS Multilingual Information SocietyMLM Mailing List ManagerMLM Multi-Level MarketingMLP Message/Multilayer Link ProtocolMLP Mobile Location ProtocolMLPPP Multi Link PPPMLR Multi-Channel Linear Recording

327

MLS Multi Level SecurityMLS Multiple Link SupportMLT Mechanized Loop TestingMLT Multi-Level Transition/TransmissionMLT Multi Link TrunkingMLV Multi Language VendorMM Maschinenlesbares MerkmalMM Material/Mobility ManagementMM Metadata ManagerMM Moving MagnetMM Multiple MasterMMA Million Message AttackMMA Multi-Megabit-AnpassungMMAC Multi Media Access CenterMMAP Multi Media Access ProfileMMC Man Machine CommunicationMMC Matched Memory CycleMMC Microsoft Management ConsoleMMC MIDI Machine ControlMMC Multi Media Card/CommandsMMCA Multi Media Card AssociationMMCD Multimedia Compact DiscMMDF Multichannel Memorandum Distribution FacilityMMDS Multichannel Multipoint Distribution SystemMME Multi Media ExtensionsMMF Make Money FastMMF Multi-Mode FiberMMI Man Machine InterfaceMMIC Monolithic Microwave Integrated CircuitMMIS Materials Manager Information SystemMMJ Modified Modular Jack (Steckersystem)MMK Multimediale KommunikationMML Man Machine LanguageMML Mathematical Markup LanguageMMM Memory Mapper ModulMMM Micro Macro MagicianMMM Microsoft Multimedia MovieMMM Mobile Media ModeMMM Multi Media MediocrityMMORPG Massive Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game


MMP Massive Multi ProcessingMMPC Multi Message Package ChaffingMMPM Multi Media Presentation ManagerMMR Modified Modified Read (Compression)MMR Multi Hop RelayMMS Manufacturing Message SpecificationMMS Module Management SystemMMS Multimedia Messaging ServiceMMS Multimedia SurveyMMSI Maritime Mobile Service IdentityMMT Multimedia TimerMMTCA Multimedia Toolbox for Cooperative ApplicationsMMU Memory Management UnitMMX Multi Media ExtensionsMN Minor DescriptorMNG Minimal No-GoodMNIT Mobile Networks Integration TechnologyMNP Microcom Networking ProtocolMNP Multiple Networking ProgramMNRE Manual Not Read Error (Slang)MNS Managed Network ServicesMO Magneto-Optical (Disk)MO Managed ObjectMO Mobile Originated (Message)MOAP Multihop Over the Air ProgrammingMOBB Month Of Browser BugsMOCA Music Online Competition ActMOD Magneto-Optical DiskMOD Movie/Music On DemandMODCA Mixed Object Document Content ArchitectureMODEM Modulator-DemodulatorMODFET Modulation Doped Field Effect TransistorMOESI Modified, Owner, Exclusive, Shared, InvalidMOF Meta Object FacilityMOH Music On HoldMOHLL Machine Oriented High Level LanguageMOKB Month Of Kernel BugsMOLAP Multidimensional Online Analytical ProcessingMOLI Microsoft Online InstituteMOLP Microsoft Open License Pak

329

MOM Map Oriented MachineMOM Message Oriented MiddlewareMOM Microsoft Operations ManagerMOO MUD/Multiuser Object OrientedMOON Management Of Optical NetworksMOP Maintenance Operations Protocol (DEC)MOP Multiple Original PrintsMOPL Map oriented Programming LanguageMOPS Million Operations Per SecondMOS Mean Opinion ScoreMOS Metal Oxide SemiconductorMOSC Modified Original Smart CardMOSFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect TransistorMOSIX Multicomputer Operating System for UNIXMOSPF Multicast Extensions to OSPFMOSPF Multicast Open Shortest Path FirstMOSS Microsoft Office Sharepoint ServerMOSS MIME Object Security ServicesMOST Media Oriented Systems TransportMOST Mobile Open Systems TechnologyMOT Multimedia Object TransferMOTAS Member Of The Appropriate Sex (Slang)MOTIS Message Oriented Text Interchange SystemMOU Memorandum Of UnderstandingMOV Metal Oxide VaristorMP Magic PacketMP Massively ParallelMP Mesh PointMP Multilink ProtocolMP Multiple ProcessorsMP Multipoint ProcessorMP MultiprocessingMP3 MPEG Layer 3MPA Minimum Perceptable ActionMPA Motion Picture AssociationMPAA Motion Picture Association of AmericaMPC Media Port ControllerMPC Microsoft Certified ProfessionalMPC Multimedia PCMPCS Manufacturing Planning and Control System


MPE Maximum Permissible ExpositionMPE Multiprogramming ExecutiveMPEG Moving Picture Experts GroupMPF Mapping FieldMPG Medizinprodukte-GesetzMPI Message Passing InterfaceMPI Multi-Protocol InterchangeMPICH Message Passing Interface ChameleonMPL Mozilla Public LicenseMPLS Multi-Protocol Label SwitchingMPM Message/Multi Processing ModuleMPMLQ Multipulse Maximum Likelihood QuantizationMPOA Multi Protocol Over ATMMPP Massively Parallel Processing/ProcessorMPP Message Posting/Processing Program/ProtocolMPPP Multilink Point-to-Point ProtocolMPQS Multiple Polynomial Quadratic SieveMPR MassenparallelrechnerMPR Mät- och Provningsrådet (Schweden)MPR Multi-Protocol RouterMPR Multipart RepeaterMPR Multipoint RelayMPRM Mobile Payment Reference ModelMPT Memory Protocol TranslatorMPT Ministry of Post and Telecommunications, UK + JapanMPTF Multiple Protocol Transport FeatureMPTN Multi-/Multiple Protocol Transport Network (IBM)MPTP Micro Payment Transfer ProtocolMPTS Multiprotocol Transport Services (IBM)MPU Microprocessor UnitMPU MIDI Processing UnitMPW Macintosh Programmers/Programming WorkbenchMPX Multi Pointer X (Server)MPX MultiplexMQ Message QueuingMQE Managed Query EnvironmentMQI Messaging and Queuing InterfaceMR magneto-resistivMR Modem ReadyMR Modified Read (Compression)

331

MRAM Magnetoresistive/Ferromagnetic Random Access MemoryMRB Method Request BrokerMRC Magneto-Resistive ClusterMRCC Maritime Rescue Coordination CenterMRCF Microsoft Realtime Compression FormatMRCI Microsoft Realtime Compression InterfaceMRM Motif Resource ManagerMRM Multi Resolution MeshMRML Mind Reading Markup LanguageMRML Multimedia Retrieval Markup LanguageMRO Multi-Region OperationMRP Material Requirements PlanningMRP Manufacturing Resource PlanningMRPL Main Ring Path LengthMRS Media Recognition SystemMRS Microcontroller Readable SectorMRS Mode Register SetMRS Moderator Recovery SystemMRS Monitored Retrievable StorageMRT Mean Repair TimeMRTD Machine Readable Travel DocumentMRU Maximum Receive UnitMRU Most Recently UsedMRZ Machine Readable ZoneMS Management ServicesMS Memory Stick/SystemMS Message StoreMS Microsoft CorporationMS Mobile StationMS Multiplexer SectionMS Music/SpeechMSA Microsoft Systems ArchitectureMSA Mobile Service ArchitectureMSAA Microsoft Active AccessibilityMSAIS Multiplexer Section Alarm Indication SignalMSAM Microsoft Screen Access ModelMSAM Multikeyed Indexed Sequential File Access MethodMSAP Minislotted Alternating PrioritiesMSAS Multimedia-Stream Adaptation ServicesMSAU Multi-Station Access Unit


MSB Most Significant Bit/ByteMSC Main Service ChannelMSC Mid Speech ClippingMSC Mobile (Services) Switching CentreMSCDEX Microsoft Compact Disk ExtensionsMSCHAP Microsoft Challenge/Reply Handshake ProtocolMSCP Mass Storage Control ProtocolMSCS Microsoft Cluster Server/ServicesMSD Mass Storage DeviceMSD Most Significant DigitMSDL Motion Special Description LanguageMSDN Microsoft Developer NetworkMSDOS Microsoft Disk Operating SystemMSDP Multicast Source Discovery ProtocolMSDR Multiplexed Streaming Data RequestMSDS Microsoft Developer SupportMSDS MIDI Sample Dump StandardMSFDC Microsoft + First Data CorporationMSG MessageMSI Maritime Safety InformationMSI Medium Scale IntegrationMSI Message Signaled InterruptMSI Microsoft InstallerMSIE Microsoft Internet ExplorerMSIL Microsoft Intermediate LanguageMSISDN Mobile Subscriber Integrated Services Digital NetworkMSISDNN Mobile Subscriber Integrated Services Digital Network NumberMSK Minimum Shift KeyingMSL Master Symbol ListMSL Map Specification LibraryMSL Mean Sea LevelMSL Mirrored Server LinkMSLR Max Scan Line RegisterMSLR Morphological and Syntactic LR ParserMSM Mainstream MediaMSN Microsoft NetworkMSN Multiple Subscriber NumberMSO Multiple System OperatorMSOH Multiplexer Section OverheadMSOPF Multicast Open Shortest Path First

333

MSP Message Security ProtocolMSP Multiplexer Section ProtectionMSR Machine Specific RegisterMSR Message Service RoutineMSR Messen, Steuern, RegelnMSR Model Specific RegistersMSR Multiplicity Shift RegisterMSRN Mobile Station Roaming NumberMSS MAN Switching SystemMSS Maximum Segment SizeMSS Mobile Satellite ServiceMSSG MPEG Software Simulation GroupMSTE Multiplexer Section Terminating EquipmentMSTP Multiple Spanning Tree ProtocolMSU Multi Service UnitMSV Medium Speed VariantMSW Machine Status WordMT Mobile Terminated (Messaging)MT Movable TypeMTA Macintosh Telephony ArchitectureMTA Mail/Message Transfer AgentMTA Multiple Terminal AccessMTBB Mean Time Between BreakdownsMTBDL Mean Time Between Data LossMTBF Mean Time Between FailuresMTBJ Mean Time Between JamsMTC Multi Threaded CalculationMTD Memory Technology DeviceMTDA Mean Time Data AvailabilityMTF Mean Time to FailureMTF Microsoft Tape FormatMTF Modulation Transfer FunctionMTFBWY May The Force Be With You (Slang)MTH Memory Translation/Translator HubMTJ Magnetic Tunnel JunctionMTN Mini Typing NotifyMTOPS Millions Theoretical Operations Per SecondMTP Mail Transfer Protocol (Internet)MTP Message Transfer PartMTP Meteo Time Protocol


MTQP Message Tracking Query ProtocolMTRR Memory Type Range RegisterMTS Message Transfer/Telephone Services/SystemMTS Michigan Terminal SystemMTS Microsoft Transaction ServerMTS Multichannel Television SoundMTS Multimedia Teleschool (Berlitz)MTTF Mean Time To FailureMTTH Mean Time To Half BrightnessMTTR Mean Time To Recovery/RepairMTU Maximum Transfer/Transmission UnitMTUF Magnetic Tape Unit FormatterMU Message UnitMÜ Maschinelle ÜbersetzungMUA Mail User AgentMUCK Multi User Chat KingdomMUD Multi/Multiple-User Dialogue/Dimension/Dungeon (Spiele)MUEW MonopolübertragungswegMUF Maximal Usable FrequencyMUFF Maus- und Fenster-FirlefanzMUL Memory Upper LowMUL Mobile User LinkMULTICS Multiplexed Information and Computing ServiceMUMPS Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming SystemMUNDI Multiplexed Network for Distributive and Interactive ServicesMUSE Multiple Sub-Nyqyist-Sampling EncodingMUSEN Meinem Unmassgeblichen Sprachempfinden Nach (Slang)MUSH Multi-User Shared HallucinationsMUSIC Multiple Signal Characterization/ClassificationMUSICAM Masking Universal Subband Integrated Coding and MultiplexMUTEX Mutual ExclusionMUX MultiplexerMVA Multi-domain Vertical Alignment (panel)MVB Multimedia Viewer BookMVC Manual Volume ControlMVC Model View Controller (design pattern)MVC Multimedia Viewer CompilerMVC Micro-Bit-Virus-Centrum, KarlsruheMVCC Multi Version Concurrency ControlMVD Multi Valued Dependency

335

MVDM Multiple Virtual DOS MachinesMVFS Multi Version File SystemMVGA Monochrome Video Graphics ArrayMVIP Multi Vendor Integration/Interaction ProtocolMVL Multiple Virtual LineMVM Matrix Vector MultiplierMVP Multimedia Video ProcessorMVQ Motion Vector QuantizationMVS Multiple Virtual Storage/Systems (IBM)MVT Multiprogramming with a Variable number of TasksMVT Multi Vendor TeamingMW Mittelwelle, Medium WaveMWC Mirror Write CacheMWCG Multiply With Carry (random number) GeneratorMWCM Molecular Wire Crossbar MemoryMWD MehrwertdienstMWI Message Waiting IndicationMWM Motif Window ManagerMWMR Multiple Write, Multiple ReadMWN Managed WAN NetworksMX Mail Exchange/Exchanger (DNS-Record)MXF Material Exchange FormatMXS Mail Exchangers (plural of MX)MXS Message Exchange ServicesMXS Microsoft Exchange ServerMXT Memory Expansion Technology (IBM)MYOB Mind Your Own Business (Slang)MZAP Multicast-Scope Zone Announcement Protocol

N National, Network, No/NonNA Network AccessNA Not Applicable/AvailableNAB National Address BaseNAB National Association of Broadcasters (USA)NAC Network Access/Admission ControlNAC Network Analysis CorporationNAC Network Applications Consortium (USA)NAC Null Attachment ConcentratorNACA National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (USA)


NACD National Association of Computer DealersNACK Negative AcknowledgeNACS National Advisory Committee on SemiconductorsNACS NetWare Asynchronous Communication ServerNADIR Network Anomaly Detection + Intrusion ReporterNAEC Novell Authorized Education CenterNAF National Arbitration ForumNAFOD No Apparent Fear Of Death (Slang)NAG Numerical Algorithms Group, OxfordNAIF Navigation Ancillary Information FacilityNAK Negative Acknowledge/AcknowledgementNAL Network Abstraction LayerNAL Novell Application LauncherNAM Name and Address ModuleNAM Narrow Amplitude ModulationNAM National Account ManagerNAM Netware Application ManagerNAM Network Analysis ModuleNAM Number Assignment ModuleNAMP NetWare Asynchronous Messaging ProtocolNAN Not a NumberNAND not andNANOG North American Network Operators GroupNAP Network Access Point/Protection/ProtocolNAP Non-significant Address Part (Bluetooth)NAPAW North American Process Algebra WorkshopNAPLPS North American Presentation Layer/Level Protocol SyntaxNAPT Network Address Port Translation (RFC 3022)NAPTR Naming Authority PointerNAQ Never Answered QuestionsNARR NarrativeNAS Network Access ServerNAS Network Administration SystemNAS Network Application ServicesNAS Network Application Support (DEC)NAS Network Attached StorageNASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration, USANASA .net Application and Strategic AlternativesNASI NetWare Asynchronous Services Interface (Novell)NASIG Numerical Analysis Special Interest Group

337

NASK Naukowa i Akademicka Siec Komputerowa (Polen)NASS Numerical Aerodynamics Simulation SystemNAT Network Address TranslationNAU Network Access/Addressable UnitNAUN Nearest Active Upstream NeighbourNAV Network Allocation VectorNAVI New Analog Video InterfaceNAVTEX Navigational Warnings by TelexNAX Nachrichten auf FaxNB Noise BlankerNB NorthbridgeNBC National Broadcasting Compnay, USANBD Network Block DeviceNBD No Big Deal (Slang)NBF Netbios Frame (Transport Protocol)NBFCP NetBIOS Frames Control ProtocolNBG Networking Business GroupNBMA Non-Broadcast Multiple AccessNBN Nixdorf BreitbandnetzNBNS NetBIOS Name Server/ServiceNBO Network Byte OrderNBP Name Binding ProtocolNBP Netbios ProtocolNBP Network Bootstrap ProgramNBS National Bureau of Standards, USA (jetzt NIST)NBT NetBIOS on TCP/IPNC Network Computer/ControlNC Newcastle ConnectionNC No ConnectionNC Node ConsistencyNC Number Cruncher/CrusherNC Numerical ControlNCA Network Communications AdapterNCA Network Computer/Computing ArchitectureNCAM National Center for Accessible Media, USANCAR National Center for Atmospheric Research, USANCB NetBIOS Control BlockNCC National Computing CentreNCC Network Computer ClientNCC Network Control Center


NCC Network Coordination Centre (RIPE)NCCUSL National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State LawsNCD Network Computing DeviceNCD Network Copy DetectionNCE Nomadic Computing EnvironmentNCEG Numerical C Extensions GroupNCF Network Computing FacilityNCGA National Computer Graphics AssociationNCI Network Control InformationNCM Network Configuration ManagementNCMT Numerical Control for Machine ToolsNCN New Century NetworkNCNCNC No Coffee, No Chocolate, No Computer (Slang)NCO Numerically Controlled OscillatorNCP NetWare Core ProtocolNCP Network Control Processor/Protocol/ProgramNCP Not Copy ProtectedNCQ Native Command QueuingNCR National Cash Register Corporation, USANCS Natural Colour SystemNCS Network Computer ServerNCS Network Computing SystemNCS NASI Connection ServiceNCSA National Center for Supercomputing Applications, USANCSA National Computer Security AssociationNCSA National Customer Service AssociationNCSC National Computer Security CenterNCSC North Carolina Supercomputing CenterNCSD National Cyber Security Division, USANCSI Network Communication Services InterfaceNCSL National Computer System LaboratoryNCSTRL Networked Computer Science Technical Reports LibraryND Natürliche Dummheit (Gegensatz zu KI)ND Network DiagramNDA Non Disclosure AgreementNDA Norddeutsche DatenautobahnNDAC Not Data AcceptedNDAS Network Direct Attached StorageNDB Non-Directional BeaconNDC National Destination Code

339

NDC Normalized Device CoordinateNDI Network Distribution InfrastructureNDIS Network Device/Driver Interface SpecificationNDL Network Database LanguageNDLTD Networked Digital Library of Theses and DissertationsNDM Netzwerk-DatenmodellNDM Normal Disconnected ModeNDMP Network Data Management ProtocolNDMS NetWare Distributed Management ServicesNDP Numeric Data ProcessorNDPS Netware Distributed Printing ServicesNDPS Non-Disruptive Path SwitchingNDR Non Delivery ReportNDR Norddeutscher RundfunkNDS Netware/Novell Directory ServicesNDS Noise Detected as SpeechNDST Network Dedicated Systems TimeNDT Net Data ThroughputNDT Network Design ToolNDTP Network Dictionary Transfer ProtocolNE Name ErrorNE Network/Node ElementNE4 Netzebene 4NEA Nichtdeterministischer Endlicher Automat (NFA)NEARNET New England Academic and Research NetworkNEC National Electric Code (Kabel)NEC Nippon Electric Company, JapanNEC Numerical Electromagnetics CodeNECC National Education Computing Conference, USANECTAR Network Computer ArchitectureNEDD New Electrostatic Drop DetectorNEES Network for Earthquake Engineering and SimulationNEMA National Electrical Manufacturers AssociationNEMS Nano Electromechanical StorageNEOS Networked Educational On-line SystemNERD Network Event Recording DeviceNEST Novell Embedded Systems TechnologyNET network; Internet-Domain: NetzverwaltungNET Network Entity TitleNET Norme Europeenne de Telecommunication


NETBEUI NetBIOS Extended User Interface (IBM)NETBIOS Network Basic Input and Output System (IBM)NETBLT Network Block Transfer (Protocol)NETCDF Network Common Data FormNETSC Netscape (Browser)NETSC Network Security ConsortiumNEWS Network Extensible Window SystemNEXT Near End Cross TalkNF NiederfrequenzNF Noise FactorNF Normalform (Datenbank)NFA Nondeterministic Finite AutomatonNFAR Network File Access RoutineNFC Near Field CommunicationsNFF No Fault FoundNFGM Nano Floating Gate MemoryNFI No Frigging Idea (Slang)NFM Narrow Frequency ModulationNFM Network File ManagerNFS Nachrichten für SeefunkstellenNFS Network/Nightmare File Server/SystemNFS Number Field SieveNFSS New Font Selection SchemeNFW No Fucking Way (Slang)NG Next/New GenerationNG No GoodNGG Network Group GermanyNGI Next Generation InternetNGIO Next Generation Input OutputNGM Netware Global MessagingNGMHS NetWare Global Message Handling SystemNGMN Next Generation Mobile NetworkNGN Next Generation NetworkNGO Non Governmental OrganizationNGS Non Government StandardNGSCB Next Generation Secure Computing BaseNGSCBFW Next Generation Secure Computing Base for WindowsNGWS Next Generation Windows ServicesNGZ Network Game ZoneNHC Notebook Hardware Control

341

NHOB Non-specific Hierarchical Operational BindingNHRP Next Hop Routing/Resolution ProtocolNI Neighbourhood InterchangeabilityNI Network InterconnectNIA Network Interoperability AllianceNIC National ISDN CouncilNIC Network Information CenterNIC Network Interface CardNIC John-von-Neumann-Institut für Computing, JülichNICA Novell Integrated Computing ArchitectureNICAD Nickel Cadmium (Akkumulator)NICAM Near Instantaneous Companded Audio MultiplexNICE Network Information and Control Exchange (Protocol)NICK Netzweites Informationssystem im Campus der Universität KarlsruheNID Namespace IdentifierNID Next IDNIDL Network Interface Definition LanguageNIDS Network Intrusion Detection SystemNIF Nautischer InformationsfunkNIF Network Information File/FrameNIG Non Isolated GateNIH National Institute of Health, USANIH Not Invented HereNIHCL NIH Class LibraryNII National Information Infrastructure, USANIIT National Information Infrastructure TestbedNIK Nachhaltigkeit in der Informations- und KommunikationstechnikNIL Network Interchange LanguageNILFS New Implementation of a Log-structured File SystemNIM Network Installation ManagerNIM Network Interface MachineNIMA National Imaging and Mapping AgencyNIMBY Not In My Backyard (Slang)NIMH Nickel Metal Hydride (Akkumulator)NIMP NetWare Internetwork Messaging ProtocolNIP Network Inquiry ProtocolNIP Non-Impact Printer/PrintingNIPC National Infrastructure Protection CenterNIPS Network I/O Per SecondNIR Network Information Retrieval


NIS Nachbarschafts-InformationssystemNIS NATO Identification SystemNIS Network Information/Interpreting ServiceNIS Norddeutsches InformationssystemNISA New Information Services ArchitectureNISDN Narrow Band ISDNNISO National Information Standards OrganizationNISS National Information Services and Systems, USANISS National Information on Software and Services, USANIST National Institute of Standards and Technology, USANIT Network Information TableNIT Network Interface TapNITC National Information Technology CenterNIU Network Interface UnitNIUF National ISDN Users ForumNJE Network Job Entry (IBM)NL Network LayerNL New LineNLA Next Level AggregatorNLA Not Long Ago (Slang)NLANR National Laboratory for Applied Networking Research, USANLB Network Load BalancingNLE Nonlinear EditingNLLS Nonlinear Least SquaresNLM Netware Loadable Modul (Novell)NLMB Nolifemuddinbastard (Slang)NLOC Netto Lines Of CodeNLP Natural Language ProcessingNLP Non Linear ProgrammingNLPID Network Layer/Level Protocol IdentifierNLQ Near Letter QualityNLS National/Native Language SupportNLSP Netware Link Service/State ProtocolNLUUG Niederländische UNIX User GroupNM Network ManagementNM New Maintainer (Debian)NMA Network Management ArchitectureNMAS Novell Modular Authentication ServicesNMC Network Management/Measurement CenterNMCP Network Management Control Protocol

343

NMEA National Marine Electronics AssociationNMI Non Maskable InterruptNML NormalNMM NetWare Management Map (Novell)NMM Network Management ModulNMO Network Management Option (OSF)NMOS N-Channel MOS (Transistor)NMOS Network Management Operating SystemNMP Network Management ProcessorNMPR Networked Media Product RequirementsNMR Network Management Responder (Novell)NMR Noise to Mask RationNMS Network/NetWare Management Station/SystemNMT Nordic Mobile TelephoneNMU Non-Maintainer Upload (Debian)NMVT Network Management Vector CommandNMX Network Magement ExtensionsNN Network NodeNN Newbie Note (Slang)NN Nightmare Networker (Slang)NNGS No Name Go ServerNNI Network Node/Network InterfaceNNI Next Node IndicatorNNR Novell Network RegistryNNSC NSFnet Network Service CenterNNSP National Network of State Polls, USANNSP Neural Networks for Signal ProcessingNNTP Network News Transfer Protocol (Internet)NNX Nerwork Numbering ExchangeNOA Nerds on AirNOAA National Oceanic and Atmosphere AdministrationNOAH Network Oriented Application HarmonizationNOC Network Operation CenterNOC Number of ChildrenNOEBL Nichtöffentlicher beweglicher LandfunkNOEML Nichtöffentlicher mobiler LandfunkNOMA National Online Media AssociationNOP No OperationNOR not orNORC Naval Ordnance Research Calculator


NORSAR Norwegian Seismic ArrayNOS Network Operating SystemNOW Network Of WorkstationsNP No Problem (Slang)NP Nondeterministic Polynomial timeNPA Network Performance AnalyzerNPA Network Printer/Printing AllianceNPA Numbering Plan AreaNPACI National Partnership for Advanced Computational InfrastructureNPAP Network Printing Alliance ProtocolNPAPI Netscape Plug-in Application Program InterfaceNPC Network Personal ComputerNPCID Network Provides Caller IdentifierNPH Non Processed HeaderNPI Neighbourhood Partial InterchangeabilityNPI Network Printer InterfaceNPL National Physical Laboratory, EnglandNPL Nonprocedural LanguageNPP Network Printing ProtocolNPR Non Persistent ReferenceNPS Network Print ServerNPTL Native POSIX Thread LibraryNPTN National Public Telecomputing Network, USANPV Non Patient VicinityNQE Network Queuing EnvironmentNQS Network Queuing SystemNR No-Good RecordingNRC National Research Council, USANRCS National Replacement Character SetNREN National Research and Education/Educational NetworkNRF Nerds’ Revolutionary FrontNRL Namespace Routing LanguageNRM Normal Response ModeNRN National Research NetworkNRN Netware Remote NodeNRN No Reply Necessary (Slang)NRO Numbering Resource OrganisationNRPC (Lotus) Notes Remote Procedure CallNRRT Non-reroutable TrafficNRT Non Real Time

345

NRTL Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (USA)NRTM Near Real Time MirroringNRV Niedersächsicher Rechner-VerbundNRZ Non Return to ZeroNRZI Non Return to Zero, Invert on onesNS Name Server (Record)NS Natural StupidnessNS NetscapeNS Network SupervisorNS New SignalNSA National Security Agency, USANSA NichtschlüsselattributNSAP Network Service Access PointNSAPA Network Service Access Point AddressNSAPI Netscape Server APINSC National Support CenterNSC Network Security ControllerNSC Network Signon CoordinatorNSCACE NSC Auxiliary Control ElementNSCD Name Service Cache DaemonNSDI National Spatial Data InfrastructureNSDI Networked Systems Design and ImplementationNSE Network Software EnvironmentNSF National Science Foundation, USANSF Non Standard FormatNSF Norges StandardiseringsforbundNSF (Lotus) Notes Storage Facility/FileNSFNET National Science Foundation Network (Internet)NSI Network Solutions, Inc.NSI Norsk Sentrum for Informatikk, NorwegenNSIC National Storage Industry Consortium, USANSID (DNS) Name Server IdentifierNSL Network Service LayerNSM Network Storage ManagerNSM Netz-Service-ModulNSM Netz- und SystemmanagementNSO Network Security OfficerNSO Nonvirtual Significant Other (Slang)NSP Native Signal ProcessingNSP Network Services Protocol/Provider


NSR NiederspannungsrichtlinieNSRA Nordvästra Skånes RadioamatörerNSRMP Network Security Risk Management ProtocolNSS Namespace Specific StringNSS Name Service SwitchNSS National Search and Rescue Secretariat, CanadaNSS Network Specific StringNSS Nodal Switching SystemNSS Novell Storage ServicesNSSDC National Space Science Data Center, USANSSN National Standards System Network, USANSSR Non-Specific Subordinate ReferenceNSTL National Software Testing Labs, USANSTVA Nebenstellen-VermittlungsanlageNSTX Name Server Tunnel Exchange (Protocol)NSUB Neighbourhood SubstitutabilityNSUE Netzsteuerungs- und -überwachungssystemNSW National Software Works, USANSW Network Setup WizardNSW Norton SystemWorks (Symantec),USANSW Novell Script for NetWareNT Network Termination/Terminator (ISDN)NT New Technology/TroubleNTAS Windows NT Advanced ServerNTBA Network Terminator Basicrate Access (ISDN-Netzbasisanschluss)NTC National Telecommunications ConferenceNTC Negative Temperature CoefficientNTDLM Neue TelefondienstleistungsmerkmaleNTF Neutral Transfer FormatNTF No Trouble FoundNTFS New Technology File System (Microsoft)NTG Nachrichtentechnische Gesellschaft e. V.NTIA National Telecommunications and Information Administration, USANTIC Nouvelles Technologies de l’Information et de la CommunicationNTL Network Tracing and LoggingNTM Nondeterministic Turing MachineNTN Network Terminal/Termination NumberNTP Network Termination PointNTP Network Time ProtocolNTR Nationale Teilnehmer-Rufnummer

347

NTS Network Transport Services (IBM)NTS New Typesetting SystemNTSA Networking Technical Support AllianceNTSC National Television Standards/System Committee, USANTSC Never The Same Color (Slang)NTT Nippon Telegraph + Telephone Corporation, JapanNTTAWWT Not That There’s Anything Wrong With That (Slang)NTTF Networking and Telecommunications Task ForceNTV Network TelevisionNUA Network User AddressNUI Network User Identification/InterfaceNUL NullNUMA Non Uniform Memory Access/Address/ArchitectureNURBS Non Uniform Rational B-SplineNV Net View/Vision/VolumeNV Network Variable/VideoNV New VersionNV No OverflowNV Nominal VoltageNV Non-volatileNVE Nummer der VersandeinheitNVM Non Volatile MemoryNVN National Videotext NetworkNVO Non-Visual User ObjectNVOD Near Video On DemandNVP Network Voice Protocol (Internet)NVP Nominal Velocity of PropagationNVQ National Vocational QualificationNVR Non Volatile Random Access MemoryNVRAM Non Volatile Random Access MemoryNVT Network Virtual TerminalNWFS Netware File System (Novell)NWG Network Working GroupNWNET North West NetNWS National Warning System, USANWS Network Weather ServiceNX No ExecuteNYPSC New York Public Service CommissionNYSERNet New York State Educational and Research Network


O Object, Open, Operate, OpticalOA Open AccessOAA Open Agent ArchitectureOAEP Optimal Asymmetric Encryption PaddingOAF Origin Address FieldOAG Open Application GroupOAI Offene Anwendungs- und InterkommunikationssystemeOAI Open Applications InterfaceOAI Open Archive InitiativeOAI Oracle Academic InitiativeOAIS Open Archival Information SystemOAM Object Attribute MemoryOAM Operation, Administration, MaintenanceOAO Over And Out (Slang)OASIS Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information StandardsOATUS On A Totally Unrelated Subject (Slang)OAUS On An Unrelated Subject (Slang)OAW Optically Assisted WinchesterOB Orange BookOBC Onboard ComputerOBE Overcome By Events (Slang)OBEX Object Exchange (Protocol)OBI Online Book InititativeOBO Or Best Offer (Slang)OBS ObjektbanksystemOBS Optical Burst SwitchingOBST Object Management System of STONEOBTW Oh, By The Way (Slang)OBU On Board UnitOC Open ControlOC Optical CarrierOC3 Optical Carrier Level 3OCA Object/Open Component ArchitectureOCALA Open Common Annotation LanguageOCB Optically Compensated BendOCC Omas/Opas Computer-ClubOCC Operations Control CenterOCC Other Common CarrierOCCC Obfuscated C Code ContestOCE Open Collaborative Environment (Apple)

349

OCFS Oracle Cluster File SystemOCI Object Code InsertionOCI Operational Cryptography and InterceptionOCI Oracle Call InterfaceOCL Operator/Operation Control LanguageOCLC Online Cataloging/Computer Library Catalog/CenterOCP Optical Storage ProcessorOCR Optical Character/Curve RecognitionOCR Oracle Cluster RegistryOCS Object Compatibility StandardOCS Open Cabling SystemOCSP Online Certificate Status ProtocolOCT Object Code TranslatorOCTD Observation, Conclusion, Temporary DataOCX OLE Control ExtensionsODA Open Data ApplicationsODA Open/Office Document ArchitectureODAC Open Document Architecture ConsortiumODAM Open Distributed Application ModelODAPI Open Database Application Programming InterfaceODB Object Oriented Data BaseODBC Open Data Base Connectivity (Microsoft)ODBMS Object Oriented Database Management SystemODC Overdrive CircuitODCS Open Distributed Computing StructureODD Open Data DesktopODE Object Data and EnvironmentODE Open Dynamics EngineODE Ordinary Differential EquationODE OSF Development EnvironmentODETTE Organisation for Data Exchange by Tele-Transmission in EuropeODF On Disk FormatODF Open Document FormatODF OpenDoc Development FrameworkODFA Open Document Format AllianceODI Open Data-Link Interface (Novell)ODIF Open/Office Document Interchange FormatODIMS Open Distributed Information Management SystemODINSUP ODI-NDIS Supplementary DriverODL Object Definition Language, Optical Disc Library


ODM Object Data ManagerODMA Open Document Management APIODMG Object Database Management GroupODMR On Demand Mail RelayODN Optical Data NetworkODP Open Directory ProjectODP Open Distributed ProcessingODR Optical Digital ReferenceODS Offene DatenschnittstelleODS Offenes Deutsches SchulnetzODS On Disc Structure (File System)ODS Open Data ServicesODSI Open Directory Service InterfaceODT On-Die TerminationODTM Optical Time Division MultiplexingODVA Open Device-Net Vendor AssociationOE Opportunistic EncryptionOE Output EnableOEB Open Electronic BookOEBL Öffentlicher beweglicher LandfunkOECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and DevelopmentOEF Origin Element FieldOEM Odd Even Merge (Graph, Netz)OEM Original Equipment ManufacturerOES Odd Even Sort (Graph, Netz)OES Open Enterprise Server (Novell)OF Overflow FlagOFA Optimal Flexible ArchitectureOFAP Old Fart At Play (Slang)OFB Output FeedbackOFD Optical Frequency Division Demultiplexer/DemultiplexingOFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex/MultiplexingOFE Open Financial ExchangeOFET Organic Field Effect TransistorOFFIS Oldenburger Forschungs- und Entwicklungsinstitut für Informatik-Werkzeuge und -SystemeOFHC Oxygen Free High Conductivity (Copper)OFM Optical Frequency Division Multiplexer/MultiplexingOFS Object File SystemOFS Old File System (Amiga)OFS Output Field Separator

351

OFTC Open and Free Technology CommunityOFTP Odette File Transfer ProtocolOFW OberflächenwelleOFX Open Financial ExchangeOGIS Open Geodata Interoperability SpecificationOGM Ogg MediaOGSA Open Grid Services ArchitectureOGSI Open Grid Services InfrastructureOH Off HookOHA Open Handset AllianceOHCI Open Host Controller InterfaceOHR Over Horizon RADAROIC Oh, I See (Slang)OIC Operator Interface ConsoleOID Object Identifier (IANA)OIDC Object Identifier ComponentOIDL Object Interface Definition LanguageOII (European Commission’s) Open Information Interchange (Service)OIM Object Interaction ModelOIM Office of Information ManagementOIM Offline Instant MessageOIM Open Information ModelOIM Operating Instruction ManualOIM Operations/Operator Interface ModuleOIM Optical Interface ModuleOIM Oracle Identity ManagementOIM OSI Internet ManagementOIN Open Invention NetworkOIO Open Infrastructure for OutcomesOIRT Organisation International de Radio et TelevisionOIS Office/Online Information SystemOIT Object Identifier TreeOIU Operator Interface UnitOIV Object Identifier ValueOIW OSI Implementors’ WorkshopOK Oberer KanalOKKSA Offener Katalog für Kommunale SoftwareanforderungenOLALA Open Local Area Linux ApplicationsOLAP Online Analytical ProcessingOLC Online Computer


OLC Optical Link CardOLE Object Linking and EmbeddingOLE Open License for EducationOLED Organic Light Emitting Device/Diode/DisplayOLI Open Link Interface (Novell)OLI Optical Phone Line InterfaceOLIT Open Look Intrinsic ToolkitOLIX On-Line Informationssystem UNIXOLM Optical Link ModulOLP Open License Plan/ProgramOLPC One Laptop Per ChildOLSR Optimized Link State Routing (Protocol)OLT Optical Line TerminationOLTC On Line Trace CompressionOLTP On Line Transaction ProcessingOLWM Open Look Window ManagerOM Object ManagerOM Old Man (Radioamateur)OM Optimal MismatchO&M Operation and MaintenanceOMA Object/Open Management ArchitectureOMA Open Mobile Alliance/Architecture (Cabrio?)OMAC One-key Message Authentication CodeOMAP Open Multimedia Applications ProtocolOMAP Operation and Maintenance PartOMC Operation and Maintenance CenterOMCR Operation and Maintenance Center RadioOMCS Operation and Maintenance Center SwitchOME On-board Modul ExtensionOMF Object Management Facility/FrameworkOMF Object Module FormatOMF Open Media FrameworkOMF Open Source Metadata FrameworkOMFS Open Mosix File SystemOMG Object Management GroupOMI Open Messaging/Modelling InterfaceOMI Open Microprocessor Systems InitiativeOML Object Manipulation LanguageOMR Optical Mark RecognitionOMS Object management System

353

OMT Object Modelling TechniqueOMUP Operating and Maintenance User PartONAL Off-Network Access LineONC Open Network Computing (Sun)ONCS Open Network Compute ServerONE Open Net/Network Environment (Sun)ONI Operator Number IdentificationONM Open Network ManagementONMS Open Network Management SystemONN Open Network NodeONNA Oh No, Not Again (Slang)ONNTA Oh No, Not This Again (Slang)ONP Open Network ProvisionONP Open Network ProvisionONP Open Networking PlatformONS Object Naming/Numbering SystemONU Optical Network UnitOO Owner OverrideOOA Object Oriented (System) AnalysisOOC Object Oriented ConceptsOOC Out Of Characters (Slang)OOD Object Oriented DesignOODBMS Object Oriented Database Management SystemOOE Objektorientierter EntwurfOOF Out Of FrameOOI Object Of Interest (Slang)OOI Object Oriented ImplementationOOIS Object Oriented Information SystemOOK On Off KeyingOOL Object Oriented LanguageOON Object Oriented NonsensOOP Object Oriented Pleasure/ProgrammingOOP Out Of Print (Slang)OOPL Object Oriented Programming LanguageOOPS Object Oriented Programming SystemOOPS Objext Oriented Proxy ServerOOPS Out Of Phase StereoOOPSLA Object Orientied Programming Systems, Languages and ApplicationsOOSA Object-Oriented Software ArchitectureOOT Object Oriented Technology


OOTB Out Of The Box (Slang)OOTC Obligatory On-Topic Comment (Slang)OOXML Office OpenXML (Microsoft)OPA Old Programmers AssociationOPA Open Protocol ArchitectureOPA Overview Pac AttributeOPAC Online Public Access CatalogueOPAL Optische AnschlussleitungOPB On-Chip Peripheral BusOPC OLE for Process ControlOPC Optical Photo ConductorOPC Optical Proximity CorrectionOPC Output ControlOPCAT Object Process CASE ToolOPD OberpostdirektionOPD Original Point of DistributionOPD Output DriverOPEN Optical Pan-European NetworkOPI Open Prepress InterfaceOPI Operator InterfaceOPIC Open Programmable Interrupt ControllerOPIE Open Palmtop Integrated EnvironmentOPL Open Publication LicenseOPM Object Process MethodologyOPM Operations Per MinuteOPM Output Protection ManagementOPML Outline Processor Markup LanguageOPN Open Projects NetworkOPP Open Publication PolicyOPS Online Programming and SimulationOPS Open Profiling StandardOPSEC Open Platform for SecurityOPT Open Protocol TechnologyOPTA Onafhankelijke Post en Telecommunicatie Autoriteit (NL)OPUS Octal Program Updating SystemOPUS Online Publikationsverbund der Universität StuttgartOPUS Overlay Peer Utility ServiceOPX Off Premises ExtensionOQL Object Query LanguageOQPSK Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

355

OR Operations ResearchORACLE Optional Reception of Announcement by Coded Line ElectronicsORB Object Request BrokerORBL Open Relay Black ListORDB Open Relay Data BaseORG organizational; Internet-Domain: Organisationen in den USAORNL Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOROM Optical Read Only MemoryORP Open Router ProjectORS Open Relay ServerORS Output Record SeparatorORSN (European) Open Root Server NetworkOS Operating SystemOS Output SpecificationOSA Open Scripting/Services/Solutions/Storage/Systems ArchitectureOSA Open System AuthenticationOSA Optical Society of AmericaOSACA Open System Architecture for Controls within Automation SystemsOSADL Open Source Automation Development LaboratoryOSAF Origin Subarea Address FieldOSBF Open Source Business FoundationOSC On Scene CommanderOSC Open System Center (IBM)OSC Operating System CommandOSCAR Open System for Communication in RealtimeOSCAR Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur RadioOSCI Online Services Computer InterfaceOSD Object-based Storage DeviceOSD On Screen DisplayOSD Open Software Description (Format)OSD Open Source DefinitionOSDL Open Source Development Lab/Labs, OregonOSE Open Systems/Software EnvironmentOSF Open Software FoundationOSG Open Science GridOSGI Open Services Gateway InitiativeOSI Open Source InitiativeOSI Open Systems Interconnect/Interconnection (ISO)OSIE Open Systems Interconnection EnvironmentOSINLCP OSI Network Layer Control Protocol


OSITOP Open Systems Interconnection Technical and Office ProtocolsOSL Object Script LanguageOSL Open Subscription LicenseOSM On Screen MenueOSM Operating System Specific/Service ModuleOSNR Optical Signal to Noise RatioOSNR Optical Signal to Noise RatioOSO Overscan OperationOSPF Open Shortest Path First (Internet)OSPI Operating System Programming InterfaceOSPM Operating System Power ManagementOSQL Object Structured Query LanguageOSS Object Storage ServerOSS Open Sound SystemOSS Open Source Software/SolutionOSS Operational/Operator Support SystemOSSO Open Source Solutions Operation (HP)OST Object Storage TargetOSTA Optical Storage Technology AssociationOSTG Open Source Technology GroupOSTM Open System Transaction ManagementOSTP Office of Science and Technology PolicyOSU Officially Sanctionized UserOSU Ohio/Oklahoma/Oregon/Oswego State UniversityOSU On-orbit Serviceable UnitOSU Optical Scanning UnitOSVS Operating System Virtual StorageOT Object TechnologyOT Off Topic (Slang)OT Open TransportOT Ordering TableOTA Over The AirOTA US Congress Office of Technology AssessmentOTD Optical Time DivisionOTDM Optical Time Division Multiplexer/MultiplexingOTDR Optical Time Domain ReflectometerOTF Open Token FoundationOTF Open Type FontOTG (USB) On The GoOTI Original Transmitter Identification

357

OTIST One Touch Intelligent Secutity TechnologyOTL Out To Lunch (Slang)OTM On Time MarkerOTOH On The Other Hand (Slang)OTP One-Time Pad/Password/ProgrammableOTP Open Trading ProtocolOTR One Touch Record/RecordingOTRS Open Ticket Request SystemOTTH On The Third Hand (Slang)OUI Organizationally Unique IdentifierOUM Ovonic Unified MemoryOURS Open Users Recommended SolutionsOV OverflowOVC Over-Current ProtectionOVL Over-Load ProtectionOVL OverlayOVP Over-Voltage ProtectionOVST OrtsvermittlungsstelleOVT Over-Temperature ProtextionOWA Outlook Web AccessOWAMP One Way Active Measurement ProtocolOWFS Optical WORM File SystemOWG Optical WaveguideOWL Object/Open Windows LibraryOWL One World LanguageOWL Online Web LibraryOWL Open Wire LineOWL Operational Web LinkOWL Oracle Web ListenerOWL Web Ontology Language (sic!)

P Packet, Personal, Power, Project, Protocol, PublicP Polynomial timeP2P Peer To PeerP2P Private To PrivateP3P Platform for Privacy/Private PreferencesPA Percentage of Allowable Aliasing EnergyPA Power AmplifierPA Preamble


PA Program/Project AdministratorPA Provider AggregatedPA Public Address (System)PAB Policy Advisory Body (Internet)PABX Private Access/Automatic Branch ExchangePAC PCI AGP ControlerPAC Perceptual Audio CodingPAC Player Access ControlPAC PPTP Access ConcentratorPAC Privilege Attribute CertificatePACE Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe (PRACE)PACE Priority Access Control EnabledPACI Partnerships for Advanced Comptutational InfrastructurePACS Personal Access Communication SystemPACS Picture Archiving and Communications SystemPACT PBX and Computer TeamingPACTOR Packet Radio AMTORPACX Private Automatic Computer ExchangePAD Packet Assembler and DissassemblerPAD Personal Aroma DiffusorPAD PersonenauskunftsdateiPADI Packet Assembly DissassemblyPADI PPPoE Active Discovery InititationPADI Protocol for Application Database InterfacePADL Pattern Development LanguagePADO PADI Active DiscoveryPADO PPPoE Active Discovery OfferPADR PADO Active DiscoveryPADR Port A Data RegisterPADR PPPoE Active Discovery RequestPADS Parallel And Distributed SystemsPADS PPPoE Active Discovery Session(-confirmation)PADS Processing Arbitratry Data StreamsPADS Processing of Analog and Digital SignalsPADS Public Area Display SystemPADT PPPoE Active Discovery TerminatePAE Page/Physical Address ExtensionPAGSI Programme d’Action Gouvernemental pour la Societe de l’InformationPAID Purchasing, Accepting, Invoicing, and Disbursing SystemPAISY Payroll And Information System

359

PAISY Personalabrechnungs- und InformationssystemPAK Packet (Arcnet)PAK Product Authorization KeyPAL Paradox/Programming Application LanguagePAL Phase Alternating Line/Loop (TV)PAL Privileged Architecture Library (DEC)PAL Programmable Array LogicPAL Protocol Adaptation LayerPAL Prototype Access LanguagePALC Plasma Addressed Liquid Crystal (Display)PAM Personal Application ManagerPAM Physical Access MethodPAM Pluggable Authentication Module/ModulesPAM Puls Amplitude ModulationPAMR Public Access Mobile RadioPAN Personal Area Network/Networking (Profile)PANU Personal Area Network UnitPAP Password Authentication ProtocolPAP Point Authorization ProtocolPAP Printer Access ProtocolPAP ProgrammablaufplanPAP Public Access ProfilePAPR Power Architecture Platform ReferencePAR Positive Acknowledgement with RetransmissionPAR Project Authorization Request (IEEE)PARC Palo Alto Research Center (Xerox)PARISC Precision Architecture Reduced Instruction Set ComputerPARK Public Access Rights KeyPARLE Parallel Architectures and Languages EuropePAS Publicly Available SpecificationsPASS Picture Archiving and Sharing StandardPAT Page Attribute TablePAT Performance Acceleration Technique (Intel)PAT Port Address TranslationPAT Program Association TablePAT Public Access TerminalPATA Parallel ATAPATC Page Address Translation CachePAX Parallel Architecture ExtendedPAX Pixel Addressing Extension


PAX Portable Archive ExchangePAX Public Access XanaduPB Packet BusPB Page Break/Buffer/BuilderPB Pipeline/Pipelined Burst (cache)PB PowerBook (Macintosh)PB Printed BoardPB Program BlockPB Programs BranchPB Public BroadcastingPB Push ButtonPBA Printed Board AssemblyPBC Peripheral Board ControllerPBC Peripheral Bus ComputerPBC Pipeline Burst CachePBC Plain-text Block ChainingPBC Processor Bus ControllerPBC Push-Button ConfigurationPBDBM Peripheral Backup Detailed Billing Control ElementPBDU Protocol Bridge Data UnitPBE Prompt By ExamplePBGA Plastic Ball Grid ArrayPBM Pipelined Burst ModePBM Port Bypass ModulePBM Portable BitmapPBM Position Based MulticastPBN Packet Based NetworkPBNAC Port Based Network Access ControlPBNSC Peripheral Backup NSC Control ElementPBO Paperless Business OfficePBO Pixel Buffer ObjectPBO Port Based ObjectPBO Power Back OffPBO Process Before OutputPBO Profiler Binary OutputPBO Pseudo Boolean OptimizationPBOS Processed Book Open SourcePBOS Processed Book Operating SystemPBP Peer Binding ProtocolPBU Page Buffer Unit

361

PBX Private Branch ExchangePC Path Consistency/ControlPC Personal ComputerPC Pervasive ComputingPC Primary ChannelPC Program CounterPC Programmable ControllerPCA Parallel Channel AdapterPCA Personal Client ArchitecturePCA Policy Certification AuthorityPCA Principal Component AnalysisPCB Printed Circuit BoardPCB Program Control BlockPCBC Propagating Cipher Block ChainingPCC Papas Computer-ClubPCC Peoples’ Computer CompanyPCC Portable C CompilerPCCH Physical Control ChannelPCD Photo Compact DiscPCD Plasma Coupled DevicePCD POSIX Conformance DocumentPCD Protein Coated DiscPCDATA Parsed Character DataPCE Phase Change ErasablePCF Packaged Collaboration FilePCF Parallel Computing ForumPCF Point Coordination FunctionPCF Portable Compiled FontPCH Paging ChannelPCI Payment Card IndustryPCI Peripheral Component/Controller InterfacePCI Peripheral Component Interconnect (Bus)PCI Programmable Communication InterfacePCI Protocol Control InformationPCIDSS Payment Card Industry Data Security StandardPCIE Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (Bus)PCIOS Processor Common Input Output SystemPCIPIO PCI Programmable Input/OutputPCL Primary Copy LockingPCL Printer/Procedure/Process Control Language


PCLAN Personal Computer Local Area NetworkPCM Physical Connection ManagementPCM Plug Compatible MachinePCM Puls-Code-ModulationPCMCIA PC Memory Card International AssociationPCN Personal Communication NetworkPCNFS Personal Computer Network File SystemPCP Post’s Correspondence ProblemPCP Probabistically Checkable ProofPCR Peak Cell RatePCR Phase Change RecordingPCRAM Phase Change Random Access MemoryPCRE Perl Compatible Regular ExpressionPCS PC Service (OSF)PCS Personal Communication Services/SystemPCS Personal Conferencing SpecificationPCS Physical Coding Signalling/SublayerPCS Pinball Construction SetPCS Port Concentrator ShelfPCS Print Contrast SignalPCS Probabilistic Clock SynchronizationPCS Program Control SystemPCS Project Control SystemPCSA Personal Computing Systems Architecture (DEC)PCSC Personal Computer Site CoordinatorPCSC Personal Computer Smart/Sound CardPCSC Personal Computer/Computing Support CenterPCSC Personal Communications Switching CenterPCSC Pitch Corrected Speed ControlPCSP Partial Constraint Satisfaction ProblemPCT Private Communication TechnologyPCTE Portable Common Tool EnvironmentPCTS POSIX Conformance Test SuitePCTT Physical Church Turing ThesisPCWG Personal Conferencing Work GroupPD Page DirectoryPD Phase Change DualPD Plug + Display, P+D (Interface)PD Protocol DriverPD Public Domain

363

PDA Personal Digital Assistant (Apple)PDA Push Down AutomatonPDAP Prospero Data Access ProtocolPDB Process Data BasePDB Professional Disc for BroadcastingPDB Protection DatabasePDC Power Disc CartridgePDC Primary Domain ControllerPDC Professional Developer ConferencePDC Program Development Computer/CouncilPDCH Physical Data ChannelPDD Physical Device DriverPDD Portable Digital DocumentPDD Professional Disc for DataPDE Partial Differential EquationPDES Product Data Exchange StandardPDF POP Directional FormattingPDF Portable Document Format (Adobe)PDF Printer/Product Description FilePDF Processor Defined FunctionPDF Program Development FacilityPDH Plesiochronous Digital HierarchyPDI Packet Driver InterfacePDI Personal/Product Data InterchangePDIAL Public Dialup Internet Access ListPDIF Product Definition Interchange FormatPDL Page Description LanguagePDL Primary Defect ListPDL Program Design/Description LanguagePDL Push Down ListPDLC Polymer Dispersed Liquid CrystalPDM Product and Document ManagementPDM Product Data ManagementPDM Projekt- und DatenmanagementPDM Pulsdauer-ModulationPDN Public Data NetworkPDO Packet Data OptimizedPDO Portable Distributed ObjectPDO ProzessdatenobjektPDP Packet Data Protocol


PDP Parallel Distributed ProcessingPDP Peer Dicovery ProtocolPDP Plasma Display PanelPDP Policy Decision PointPDP Programmed Data Processor (DEC)PDQ Pretty Darned Quick (Slang)PDR Packet Drop RatePDR Program Data RequirementPDS Packet Driver SpecificationPDS Partitioned Data SetPDS Processor Direct Slot (Apple)PDS Professional Development SystemPDS Program Design SpecificationPDS Public Domain SoftwarePDSL Power Line Digital Subscriber LinePDSS Program/Post Development Support SystemPDT Portables Daten-TerminalPDT Programmable Drive TablePDT ProduktionsdatentechnikPDT Propagation Delay TimePDTE Packet-mode DTEPDU Packet/Protocol Data Unit (OSI)PDV Path Delay ValuePE Parity ErrorPE Periphere EinrichtungPE Phase Encoded/EncodingPE Physical ExtentPE Processing ElementPE Product/Professional/Project EngineerPE Protected EnvironmentPE Protective EarthPE Provider Edge (device)PEA Pocket Ethernet AdapterPEAP Protected Extensible Authentication ProtocolPEARL Process and Experiment Automation Realtime LanguagePEB Peripheral Extension BusPEB Process Environment BlockPEBKAC Problem Exists Between Keyboard And Chair (Slang)PEC Packet Error CheckingPECL PHP Extension Code Libary

365

PEG PCI Express for GraphicsPEL Picture ElementPEM Privacy Enhanced MailPEM Privacy Enhancement for Electronic MailPEN Private Enterprise NumberPEP Packet Exchange ProtocolPEP Packetized Ensemble ProtocolPEP Pan European PagingPEP Peak Envelope PowerPEP Point d’Echange de ProximitePEP Policy Enforcement PointPEP Protocol Extension ProtocolPER Packet Error RatePERL Practical Extraction and Report LanguagePERM Programmgesteuerte Elektronische Rechenanlage TH MünchenPERT Program Evaluation and Review TechniquePES Packetized Elementary StreamPES Position/Positioning Error SignalPES Processor Enhancement SocketPES Proposed Encryption StandardPET Personal Electronic Transactor (Commodore)PET Print Enhancement TechnologyPEX PHIGS Extension to XPF Packet FilterPF Process Flow (Analysis, Diagram)PF Punch OffPFA Power FORTRAN AcceleratorPFA Predictive Failure AnalysisPFB Postscript Font BinaryPFC Power Factor Compensation/CorrectionPFD Programming Facility for Display UsersPFF Packet Filtering FirewallPFIR People For Internet ResponsibilityPFM Postscript Font MetricPFM Pure Fantastic Magic (Slang)PFN Physical File NamePFOS Passive Fiber Optic SegmentPFR Portable Font ResourcePFR Power Fail RestartPFS Perfect Forward Secrecy


PFS Portable File SystemPFS Professional File system (Amiga)PFTP Passive FTPPFTP Port File Transfer ProgramPFW Personal FirewallPFY Pimply-Faced Youth (BOFH’s assistant)PG Program/ProgrammePG Project GutenbergPGA Pin Grid ArrayPGA Professional Graphics AdapterPGA Program Global AreaPGC Program ChainPGE PTE Global FlagPGI Parameter Group IdentifierPGL Peer Group LeaderPGL Professional Games LeaguePGM Portable Gray MapPGM Pragmatic General Multicast (protocol)PGML Precision Graphics Markup LanguagePGO Profile Guided OptimizationPGN Portable Game NotationPGP Pretty Good Privacy/Piracy/ProtectionPH Packet HandlerPH Polynomial HierarchyPHB Per Hop BehaviourPHCB Page Header Control BitPHIGS Programmers Hierarchical Interactive Graphics SystemPHOTON Paneuropean Photonic Transport Overlay NetworkPHP Personal Home Page (Tools)PHP PHP Hypertext PreprocessorPHS Personal Handy-Phone SystemPHY Physical AccessPHY Physical Layer ProtocolPI Page ImpressionPI Parameter IdentifierPI Partial InterchangeabilityPI Profibus InternationalPI Program Identification/InterruptionPI Protection IndexPIA Peripheral Interface Adapter

367

PIA Privacy Impact AssessmentPIC Picture FilePIC Platform for Internet ContentPIC Position Independent CodePIC Primary Interexchange CarrierPIC Priority/Programmable Interrupt ControllerPIC Programmable Integrated CircuitPIC Programmable InterconnectionPIC Programmable Interrupt ControllerPICA Personal Internet Client ArchitecturePICMG PCI Industrial Computers Manufacturers GroupPICS Platform for Internet Content SelectionPICS Protocol Implementation Conformance StatementPICS Protocol Interoperability Conformance StatmentPID Persistant/Personal/Protocol IdentifierPID Privater InformationsdienstPID Process/Protocol Identifier (Identification Number)PIE Persistent Identification ElementPIE Position Independent ExecutablePIF Parity Inner Fails/FailuresPIF Postscript Interchange FormatPIF Program Information File (Microsoft)PIFS Point Coordination/PCF Inter Frame SpacePIG Pathologischer Internet-GebrauchPII Personally Identifiable InformationPIK Programmer’s Imaging KernelPIL Python Imaging LibraryPIM Personal Information Manager/ManagementPIM Port Interface ModulePIM Processor In MemoryPIM Protocol Independent MulticastingPIMF Pair In Metal Foil (cable)PIMS Project Information Management SystemPIN Persönliche Identifikations-NummerPIN Processor Independent NetWarePIN Program Item NumberPINET Physics Information NetworkPING Packet Internet GroperPINT Phone IP Internetworking (Services)PINT PSTN and Internet Internetworking


PINX Private Integrated Services Network ExchangePIO Parallel/Programmable/Programmed Input/Output (Chip)PIOFS Parallel I/O File SystemPIP P-Internet-ProtocolPIP Path Independent ProtocolPIP Peer Information ProtocolPIP Periodical Informational PostingPIP Peripheral Interchange ProgramPIP Picture in PicturePIP Process Improvement ProposalPIPI Packet Interchange Protocol InstructionPIPO Parallel In, Parallel OutPIR Private Information RetrievalPIR Public Internet RegistryPIS Personal-Informations-SystemPIS Premium Information ServicePISS Public Information System SpecialistPIT Programmable Interval TimerPITA Pine In The Ass (Slang)PITAC President’s Information Technology Advisory CommitteePITR Point-In-Time RecoveryPIU Path Information UnitPIU Pathological Internet UsePIW Photo Imaging WorkstationPIXEL Picture ElementPIXIT Protocol Implementation Extra Informations for TestingPJL Printer Job LanguagePK Primary KeyPKC Public Key CryptographyPKCS Public Key Cryptography Standards (Group)PKI Philips Kommunikationsindustrie AGPKI Personal/Public Key InfrastructurePKV Privatkundenvertrieb (Telekom)PKZ PersonenkennzifferPL Payload LengthPL Physical LayerPL Presentation LayerPL Private LinePL Programming LanguagePLA Partial Look Ahead

369

PLA Programmable Logic ArrayPLATO Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching OperationsPLB Personal Locator BeaconPLB Processor Local BusPLC Packet Loss ConcealmentPLC Power Line Communication/ConverterPLC Product Lifecycle (Management)PLC Programmable Logic ControllerPLCC Plastic Leadless Chip CarrierPLCE Peripheral and Loading Control ElementPLCP Physical Layer Convergence ProtocolPLD Programmable Logic DevicePLE Programmable Logic ElementPLEDM Phase-state Low Electron Drive MemoryPLIC Programmable Logic Integrated CircuitPLID Plugin IdentifierPLIP Parallel Line Internet ProtocolPLL Permanent Logical LinkPLL Phase Locked LoopPLM Product Lifecycle ManagementPLM Programming Language for MicrocomputersPLMN Public Land Mobile NetworkPLP Packet Layer ProtocolPLP Perl PagePLP Personal License PasswordPLP Portable Line Printer (spooler system)PLP Presentation Level ProtocolPLR Packet Lost RatioPLS Physical Layer SignalingPLS Programmable Logic SequencerPLSI Programmable Large Scale IntegrationPLT Power Line TelecommunicationPLT Procedure Linkage TablePLUMPS Public Long-distance Unified Mail Provider Service/SystemPLV Presentation/Production Level VideoPLZ PostleitzahlPM Performance ManagementPM PhasenmodulationPM Physical ModelingPM Power Management


PM Presentation Manager (IBM)PM Preventive MaintenancePM Private MailPM Problem/Process/Project ManagementPM Protected ModePMA Parked Member Addressing (Bluetooth)PMA Performance Management and AccountingPMA Physical Medium AttachmentPMA Program AreaPMAC Parallelizable Message Authentication CodePMAC Programmable Multi Axis ControllerPMAP Port MapperPMC Physical Media Components SublayerPMC Programmable Machine ControllerPMD Packet Mode DataPMD Physical Medium Dependence/Dependent (Layer)PMD Polarization Mode DispersionPME Pattern Matching EnginePME Power Management EventPMETC Pardon Me, etc. (Slang)PMFJIB Pardon Me For Jumping In But (Slang)PMI Product Manufacturing InformationPMK Pairwise Master KeyPML Programmable Macro LogicPMMU Paged Memory Management UnitPMOS p-Channel MOS (Transistor)PMP Point to Multi PointPMP Process Management PortalPMP Protected Media PathPMPO Peak Music Power OutputPMR Perpendicular Magnetic RecordingPMR Private Mobile RadioPMS Pantone Matching System (Colours)PMS Password Management SystemPMS Printer Management SoftwarePMT Program Map TablePMTMR Power Management TimerPMTU Path Maximum Transfer UnitPMW Project Manager WorkbenchPMX Presentation Manager for X

371

PMXAS Primär-Multiplex-Anschluss (ISDN)PN Part/Path NumberPN Phase NoisePN Punch OnPNA Parallel Network ArchitecturePNA Personal Navigation AssistantPNC Paging Network ControllerPNCP Peripheral Network Control PointPND PersonennamendateiPND Portable Navigation DevicePNG Portable Network GraphicPNNI Private Network/Node to Network InterfacePNO Profibus-Nutzer OrganisationPNO Public Network OperatorPNP Positive Negative Positive (Transistor)PNP Plug and Play/PrayPNR Passenger Name RecordPNS Post’s Normal SystemPNS PPTP Network ServerPNW Personal NetWare (Novell)PO Paper Out, Parity OddPOA Post Office AgentPOB Post Office BoxPOC Phase-only CorrelationPOC Planned Organizational ChangePOC Point Of Call/Communication/Consistency/ContactPOC Policy Oversight Committee (Internet)POC Portable Object CompilerPOC Post Operative ConstipationPOC Power ConverterPOC Processor Outage ControlPOC Proof Of ConceptPOC Purchase Order ChangePOC Push-to-Talk Over Cellular (Phone)POCE Pantone Open Color EnvironmentPOCSAG Post Office Standardisation Advisory GroupPOD Piece Of DataPOD Ping Of DeathPOD Plain Old Data/DocumentationPOD Point Of Demarcation/Deployment/Distribution


POD Pop-up DirectoryPOD Print/Printing/Publishing On DemandPOD Processing Of DataPOD Project Overview DocumentPOD Protocol Object DevicePODA Priority-Oriented Demand AssignmentPOE Power Open Environment (IBM)POE Power Over EthernetPOEM Portable Object-oriented Entity ManagerPOET Persistent Objects and Extended Database TechnologyPOET Partially Overlapped Echo Cancelled TransmissionPOF Parity Outer Fails/FailuresPOF Plastic/Polymer Optical FiberPOH Path Section OverheadPOH Power-on HoursPOI Path Overhead IndicatorPOI Point Of Information/Interaction/Interconnection/InterestPOL Point of LearningPOL Problem Oriented LanguagePOM Persistant Object ManagerPOM Project Object ModelPON Passive Optical NetworkPOP Point of Presence/PurchasePOP Post Office Protocol (Internet)POP Probability Of PlagiarismPOPO Post Office Protocol Object/OperatorPOPS Performance Optimized Page SizePOR Pacific Ocean RegionPOR Power-on ResetPOS Persistant Object Service/SimplePOS Personal Operating SpacePOS Pivoting Optical ServoPOS Point of SalePOSE Portable Operating System ExtensionPOSI Promotion Conference for OSI, JapanPOSIX Portable Operating System Interface for Computer Systems/UNIXPOST Power-on Self TestPOT Portable Object Template/TranslationPOTS Plain Old Telephone Service/SystemPOV Persistence Of Vision

373

POV Point Of View (Slang)POWER Performance Optimization/Optimized With Enhanced RISC (IBM/Motorola)PP Peering PointPP Physical PartitionPP Portable PartPP Predictive PipeliningPP Protection ProfilePPA Print Performance Architecture (HP)PPB Paced Packet BatchPPC Pay Per ClickPPC Personal Productivity CenterPPC Physical Presence CommandPPC Power PCPPC Production Planning and ControlPPCS Phoenix Page Control SystemPPD Postscript Printer Description (Adobe)PPDS Personal Printer Data StreamPPF Plain Paper FaxPPF Print Production FormatPPGA Platic Pin Grid ArrayPPH Pages per HourPPI pixels per inchPPI Programmable Peripheral InterfacePPID Parent Process Identification NumberPPL Point-to-Point/Process-to-Process LinkPPM Parts per MillePPM Pages per MinutePPM Perl Package ManagerPPM Portable PixmapPPM Post Programmable MemoryPPM Prediction by Partial MatchingPPM Process Performance ManagerPPM Pulse Position ModulationPPN Private Packet NetworkPPP Point-to-Point Protocol (Internet)PPPOE Point-to-Point Protocol Over EthernetPPRC Peer-to-Peer Remote CopyPPS Point of Presence ServerPPS Precise Positioning Service/SystemPPS Production Planning System


PPS Programming Procedures and StandardsPPS Pulse Per SecondPPTP Point to Point Tunneling ProtocolPPU Physics Processing UnitPPUC Probably Permanently Under Construction (Web, Slang)PQET Print Quality Enhancement TechnologyPQN Prefix Query NotationPR Pacing ResponsePR Packet RadioPR Page RankPR Path ReplacementPR Perpendicular RecordingPR Primitive Recursive (function)PR Public RelationsPRA Primary Rate AccessPRA Purported Responsible AddressPRACE Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe (PACE)PRAM Parallel/Perimeter/Phase Change Random Access MemoryPRCS Project Revision Control SystemPRD Program Requirements DocumentPRDMD Private Directory Management DomainPRE Partial Redundancy EliminationPREP PowerPC Reference PlatformPRF Pulse Repetition FrequencyPRI Primary Rate Interface (ISDN)PRIG Packet Radio Interest GroupPRISM Parallel Reduced Instruction Set MultiprocessorPRISM Publishing Requirements for Industry Standard MetadataPRMD Private Management Domain (X.400)PRML Partial Response Maximum LikelihoodPRMS Problem Report Management SystemPRN Packet Radio NetworkPRN Permanent/Pseudo Random NumberPRN PrinterPRN Pseudo Random Noise (GPS)PRNET Packet Radio NetworkPRNG Pseudo Random Number GeneratorPRO Precision RISC OrganizationPROFS Professional Office System (IBM)PROLOG Programming in Logic

375

PROM Programmable Read Only MemoryPRP Peer Resolver ProtocolPRQ PreisrequestPRS Print Management Service (OSF)PRTI Professional Realtime InterfacePS Packet SwitchPS Personal System (IBM)PS (Adobe) PostScriptPS Power SupplyPS Privilege ServicePS Program Service NamePS Program StreamPS Proportional SpacingPSA Physical Sector AddressPSABI Processor Specific Application Binary InterfacePSAP Public Safety Answering PointPSB Path State BlockPSC Physical Signaling Components SublayerPSC Pittsburgh Supercomputer CenterPSC Print Scan CopyPSC Product Service CenterPSCN Program Support Communications NetworkPSCT Polymer Stabilized Cholesteric Texture (Display)PSD Page Setup DialoguePSD Platform Specific DriverPSD Power Saving DrivePSD Power Spectral/Spectrum DensityPSDS Power Spectral/Spectrum Density ShapingPSDN Packet/Public Switched/Switching Data/Digital NetworkPSE Packet Switching ExchangePSE Page Size ExtensionPSE Path Switching ElementPSE Personal Security EnvironmentPSE Personen-Such-EinrichtungPSE Port Switched EthernetPSF PC Screen FontPSF Permanent Swap FilePSFQ Pump Slowly, Fetch QuicklyPSI Packetnet System InterfacePSI Postscript Interpreter


PSK Phase Shift KeyingPSK Pre-Shared KeyPSL Problem Statement LanguagePSN Packet Switch NodePSN Processor Serial NumberPSNR Peak Signal to Noise RatioPSO Protocol Supporting OrganizationPSP (Corel) Paint Shop ProPSP Pascal/Python Server PagesPSP Personal Software ProcessPSP Program Segment PrefixPSP Programmable Signal ProcessorPSP ProjektstrukturplanPSPDN Packet Switched Public Data NetworkPSR Parallel/Processor/Project SoftwarePSR Phase Shift ResistivityPSR Physical Storage ResourcePSR Power/Processor/Program State/Status RegisterPSR Prescaler Select RegisterPSR Priority Service RequestPSR Program Support RequirementsPSR Programmable ScannerPSR Project Status ReportPSRAM Pseudo Static Random Access MemoryPSS Private Signalling SystemPSSC Preliminary System Security ConceptPST Pre-Structured TechnologyPSTN Public Switched/Switching Telephone NetworkPSU Page Storage UnitPSU Power Supply UnitPSW Program Status WordPSYC Protocol for Synchronous ConferencingPT Packet/Payload TypePT Page TablePT Payload TypePTAL Payment Transaction Application LayerPTB Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, BraunschweigPTBR Page Table Base RegisterPTBT Prime Times, Bad TimesPTBT Probabilistic Timed Behaviour Tree

377

PTD Parallel Transfer Disk DrivePTE Page Table EntryPTF Program Temporary FixPTF Pthread FrameworkPTI Payload Type Identifier/IndicatorPTMP Point To Multi Point (Connection)PTMSC Point To Multipoint Service CentrePTN Plant Test NumberPTO Patent and Trademark Office, USAPTO Please Turn Over (Slang)PTO Public Telecommunication Network OperatorPTP Point To Point (Connection)PTR Pointer Record (DNS)PTS Post- och TelestyrelsenPTS Presentation Time StampPTS Problem Tracking SystemPTSE PNNI Topology State ElementPTT Post, Telephon, TelegraphPTT Push To Talk (key)PTY Program TypePTZ Posttechnisches Zentralamt, DarmstadtPU Physical/Processing UnitPUC Public Utility CommissionPUI Picoscopic User InterfacePUK Personal Unblocking KeyPUL Packet Underway LimitPUMA Protected User-Mode AudioPUO Prohibited User OperationPUP PARC Universal Packet (Protocol)PUP Product UpgradePUPA Preliminary Universal Programming Architexture (for GRUB)PUPM Price per User Per MonthPUPS PDP UNIX Preservation SocietyPURL Persistent Uniform Resource LocatorPUS Potenziell unerwünschte (unwanted) SoftwarePUS Processor Upgrade SocketPV paketvermitteltPV Physical VolumePVA Patterned Vertical Alignment (panel)PVC Permanent Virtual Channel/Circuit/Connection


PVFS Parallel Virtual File SystemPVM Parallel/Passthru Virtual Machine (IBM)PVN Private/Programmable Virtual NetworkPVP Protected Video PathPVR Permanent Virtual RoutePVR Personal Video RecorderPVR Physical Volume RepositoryPVRA Physical Volume Reserved AreaPVS Potentially Visible SetPVS Professional Vision ServicesPVT Position, Velocity, Time (GPS)PVV Path Variability ValuePW Pseudo WirePWB Printed Wire BoardPWB Programmer’s WorkbenchPWI Public Windows Initiative/InterfacePWL Password ListPWM Pulse Width Modulation, PulsweitenmodulationPWP Phase Wobble PrepitPWR Power (Saft)PWS Personal WorkstationPWSCS Programmable Workstation Communication ServicesPXE Preboot Execution EnvironmentPXI PCI Extension for InstrumentationPXISA PXI Systems AlliancePZF PseudozufallsfolgePZM Punkt-zu-Mehrpunkt (-Verbindung, ISDN)PZP Punkt-zu-Punkt (-Verbindung, ISDN)

Q Quality, Query, QueueQA Quality Assurance/AuditQA Query AnalyserQA Questions and Answers, Q&AQAM QuadraturamplitudenmodulationQARE Quick Agent Runtime EnvironmentQAWN QoS in Ad hoc Wireless NetworksQBE Query By ExampleQBF Query By FormsQBIC Query by Image Content

379

QBM Quad Band MemoryQCA Quantum-dot Cellular AutomatonQCB Queue Control BlockQCIF Quarter Common Intermediate FormatQD Quad Density, Quick DisconnectionQDL Quadri Data LayerQDR Quad Data RateQES Qualifizierte elektronische SignaturQFA Quick File AccessQFD Quality Function DeploymentQFP Quadratic FlatpackQFP Questions Frequent/Frequemment PoseesQFT Queued File TransportQIAM Queued Indexed Access MethodQIC Quality Insurance ChainQIC Quarter Inch Cartridge/CommitteeQID QuanteninformationsdynamikQISAM Queued Index Sequential Access MethodQL Query LanguageQLLC Qualified Logical Link ControlQLP Query Language ProcessorQM Quality ManagementQMF Query Management FacilityQMR Quarterly Maintenance ReleaseQMS Quality Management SystemQMTP Quick Mail Transfer ProtocolQNN Quantum Neural NetworkQOS Quality of ServiceQPI QuickPath Interconnect/InterfaceQPL Q Public License (Trolltech)QPL Quantum/Questionaire Programming LanguageQPSK Quadrature/Quaternary Phase Shift KeyingQRI Queue Response IndicatorQRSS Quasi Random Signal SourceQS QualitätssicherungQSA Qt Script for ApplicationsQSAM Queued Sequential Access MethodQSDPCM Quadtree-strukturierte Differenz-Puls-Code-ModulationQSIG QuersignalisierungQSIG Unified International Corporate Network Signalling Standard


QSMTP Queued SMTPQSND Queue Send (command)QST Calling All Stations (not an acronym)QST Qualified Software TesterQST Qualitäts- und SicherheitstechnikQST Quick Start TutorialQST Quiet System Technology (Intel)QTAM Queued Teleprocessing Access MethodQTD Quote of The DayQTML Quicktime Media LayerQUED Quick EditorQUIP Query Interactive ProcessorQUISAM Queued Index Sequential Access MethodQWERTY (US Typewriter Layout)QWERTZ (German Typewriter Layout)QXML QuarkXPress Markup Language

R Radio, Real, Receive, Reference, RemoteRA Radiocommunications AgencyRA Random AvailabilityRA Receiver AddressRA Regulärer AusdruckRA Repository AccessRA Return AuthorizationRA Router AdvertisementRAB RAID Advisory BoardRAC Radio Amateurs of/du CanadaRAC Real Application Cluster (Oracle)RAC Remote Access ConcentratorRACE Research And Development in Advanced Communication Technologies in EuropeRACE Row-based ASCII Compatible EncodingRACF Resource Access Control Facility (IBM)RACH Random Access ChannelRACKS Reusable Application Interface for Communicating Real-Time KernelsRACON Radar BeaconRAD Rapid Application DevelopmentRADAR Radio Detecting and RangingRADB Routing Arbiter Data BaseRADIUS Remote Access/Authentication Dial-In User Service

381

RADSL Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber LineRAEBNC Read And Enjoyed, But No Comment (Slang)RAG Row Address GeneratorRAI Remote Alarm IndicationRAID Redundant Array of Inexpensive/Independent DiscsRAK Regeln für die alphabetische KatalogisierungRAL Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UKRALU Register Arithmetic Logic UnitRAM Random Access Machine/MemoryRAM Rate Adaptive ModeRAM Rechargeable Alcali Mangan (battery)RAMDAC Random Access Memory Digital Analog ConverterRAMP Remote Access Maintenance ProtocolRAMPS Reliability, Availability, Manageability, Performance, ServiceabilityRAND Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory (License)RAO Remote Access OutsourcingRAOLSR Radio Aware Optimized Link State RoutingRAP Radio Local Loop Access ProfileRAP Rapid Application PrototypingRAP Rogue Access PointRAP Route Access ProtocolRAP Roving Analysis PortRAR Roshal ArchiverRARE Reseaux Associes pour la Recherche EuropeenneRARP Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (Internet)RAS Random Access StorageRAS Registration, Admission, and StatusRAS Reliability, Availability and ServiceabilityRAS Remote Access Server/ServiceRAS Row Address Select/StrobeRASMED Redundant Array of Slightly More Expensive DisksRAST Receive and Send TerminalRASUM Reliability, Availability, Serviceability, Usability, ManageabilityRATP Reliable Asychronous Transfer Protocol (Internet)RATS Radio Amateur Telecommunications SocietyRATS Rough Auditing Tool for SecurityRAVE Renderer Acceleration Virtual MachineRAW Read After WriteRBAC Role Based Access ControlRBAM Remote Batch Access Method


RBBS Remote Bulletin Board SystemRBER Residual Bit Error RateRBL Realtime/Remote Black/Blackhole ListRBM Rule Base MemoryRBOC Regional Bell Operating CompanyRBS Reference Broadcast SynchronizationRBW Resolution BandwidthRBW Reverse Band WorkingRBW Roll Back VersionRC Reaction ControllerRC Receive CommonRC Receiver ClockRC Reconfigurable ComputingRC Release Candidate/CriticalRC Replica CatalogRC Rivest CipherRC Run CommandRCA Radio Corporation of Amerika, USARCA Ripple Carry AdderRCB Release Critical BugRCC Radio Common CarrierRCC Reduced Complexity ComputerRCC Remote Cluster ControllerRCC Rescue Coordination CentreRCC Routing Control Center/ChannelRCD Recordable Compact DiscRCDATA Replaceable Character DataRCE Region Code EnhancementRCE Revision Control EngineRCEVH Research Centre for the Education of the Visually HandicappedRCF Registration ConfirmationRCLK Rack ClockRCP Radio Control ProtocolRCP Reality Immersion CoprocessorRCP Retransmission Control ProcedureRCS Record Communication Switching SystemRCS Resource Construction SetRCS Revision Control SystemRCS Rights Control SystemRCU Read, Copy, Update

383

RCV ReceiveRD Receive DataRD Recursive DesignRD Request DisconnectRD Resource DiscoveryRD Route DistinguisherR&D Research and DevelopmentRDA Remote Data/Database AccessRDAT Rotary Digital Audio TapeRDB Receive Data BufferRDB Relational DatabaseRDBMS Relationales Datenbank-Management-SystemRDC Remote Dual CopyRDCCG Regional Data and Computing Center Germany, KarlsruheRDD Replaceable Database DriverRDE Ruby Development EnvironmentRDF Resource Definition/Description Format/FrameworkRDH RSA DES HybridRDL Register Description LanguageRDMA Remote Direct Memory AccessRDN Relative Distinguished NameRDO Remote Data ObjectRDOS Real-time Disk Operating SystemRDP Reliable Datagram Protocol (Internet)RDP Remote Desktop ProtocolRDR Rijksdienst voor RadiocommunicatieRDRAM Rambus Dynamic Random Access MemoryRDRN Rapidly Deployable Radio NetworkRDS Radio Data SystemRDS Rapid Development SystemRDS Remote Data ServicesRDS Resolver Discovery ServiceRDSL Rate-adaptive/Residential/Reverse Digital Subscriber LineRDSR Receiver Data Service RequestRDSS Radio Determination Satellite ServicesRDST Rotating Head Digital Storage TapeRDTSC Read Time Stamp CounterRE RecallRE Regular ExpressionRE Report Engine


RE Recursively EnumerableRE Reverse EngineeringREACH Registration, Evaluation, and Authorization of ChemicalsREADSL2 Reach Enhanced ADSL2RED Random Early DetectionREG Regular LanguagesREGTP Regulierungsbehörde für Telekommunikation und PostREJ RejectREKO Reparatur-Konzept (Swisscom)REL Rights Expression LanguageREM RemarkREM RemoteREM Reseau d’Enseignement MultimediaREM Ring Error MonitorREO Removable Erasable Optical DiskREP Reply to Message NumberREP Robots Exclusion ProtocolREQ RequestRES Radio Equipment and SystemsRES Remote Execution Server/ServiceRES Reset, RestoreRES Rotation Error SignalREST Representational State TransferRESV RSVP Reservation RequestRET Resolution Enhancement Technology (HP)REXX Restructured Extended Executor (IBM)RF Radio FrequencyRF Relevance FeedbackRF Remote FileRF Royalty Free (License)RFA Remote File AccessRFA Request For Adoption (Debian)RFB Remote Frame BufferRFC Remote Function CallRFC Request For Comments (Internet)RFC Response For a ClassRFD Request For Discussion (Usenet)RFE Radio Free EthernetRFE Request For EnhancementRFH Remote Frame Handler

385

RFI Radio Frequency InterferenceRFI Request For InformationRFID Radio Frequency IdentificationRFLA Real Full Look AheadRFNM Ready/Request For Next MessageRFP Radio Fixed PartsRFP Request For Packaging (Debian)RFP Request For ProposalRFQ Request For Quotation/QuoteRFS Remote File Sharing/SystemRFS Remote Forensic SoftwareRFT Request For Technology (OSF)RFT Revisable Format TextRFU Reserved for Future UseRG Radio Guide (coax cables)RGB Rot (Red), Grün (Green), Blau (Blue) (Farbmodell)RGBA Rot (Red), Grün (Green), Blau (Blue), Alpha (Farbmodell)RGDI Renaissance Graphics Device InterfaceRGP Raster Graphics ProcessorRG/U Radio Guide/Utility (Kabel)RH Request/Response HeaderRH Registration HierarchyRHAD Red Hat Advanced Development (Laboratories)RHC Regional (Bell) Holding CompanyRHCE Red Hat Certified EngineerRHCS Red Hat Cluster SuiteRHEL Red Hat Enterprise LinuxRHN Red Hat NetworkRHNT Registration Hierarchical Name TreeRHOB Relevant Hierarchical Operational BindingRHS Right Hand SideRHSA Red Hat Security AdvisoryRI Referential IntegrityRI Ring In/IndicatorRIA Red Ink AwardRIA Rich Internet Application(s)RIA Robot Institute of AmericaRIAA Recording Industry Association of AmericaRIAS Rundfunk Im Amerikanischen Sektor, BerlinRIB RenderMan Interface Bytestream


RIB Routing Information BaseRIC Radio Identify CodeRID Relative IdentifierRID Retinal Imaging DisplayRIF Radio/Renderman InterfaceRIF Record IdentifierRIF Regional/Resource InformationRIF Resource Interchange FileRIF Routing Information Field/FrameRIF Rule InformationRIF Rule Interchange FormatRIFF Resource Interchange File FormatRII Ring/Routing Information IndicatorRIM Records and Information ManagementRIM Remote Installation and MaintenaceRIM Request Initialization ModeRIMM Rambus In-line Memory ModuleRIMS Ranging Integrity Monitoring StationRIP Raster Image ProcessorRIP Request In ProgressRIP Routing Information ProtocolRIP Remote Image/Imaging Protocol/ProcessingRIPE Reseaux IP EuropeenneRIPL Remote Initial Program LoadingRIPNG Routing Information Protocol Next GenerationRIPSO Revised Internet Protocol Security OptionRIR Regional Internet RegistryRIS Remote Installation ServicesRISC Reduced Instruction Set Code/ComputerRITA Reduced Interim Type ApprovalRITA Reliable Internetwork Troubleshooting AgentRJ Registered JackRJE Remote Job Entry (IBM)RJS Remote Job ServiceRKE Remote Keyless EntryRKO Root Key OperatorRL Real Life (Slang)RL Reconfigurable LogicRL Remote LoopbackRLC Radio Link Control

387

RLC Run Length CodingRLE Research Laboratory of ElectronicsRLE Run Length Encoded/EncodingRLF Reverse Line FeedRLG Research Libraries GroupRLIN Research Libraries Information Network (RLG)RLL Radio in the Local LoopRLL Row Level LockingRLL Run Length LimitedRLM Receiver-driven Layered MulticastRLM Robotic Library ManagerRLM Robust Linear ModelRLMT Redundant Link Management TechnologyRLN Remote LAN NodeRLP Radio Link ProtocolRLP Resource Location ProtocolRLS Remote Learning SystemRLSD Received Line Signal DetectedRLV RingleitungsverteilerRM Reference ModelRM Resource ManagementRM Retention ModuleRMA Rate Monotonic AnalysisRMA Remote Memory AccessRMC Radio Monte CarloRMC Rambus Memory ControllerRMC Resource Monitoring and ControlRMF Remote Management FacilityRMI Remote Method InvocationRMII Reduced Media Independent InterfaceRMOA Realtime Multimedia Over ATMRMON Remote (Network) MonitoringRMP Radio Management PanelRMP Random Match ProbabilityRMP Reliable Multicast ProtocolRMP Remote Maintenance Panel/ProcessorRMP Resource Management Plan/Program/ProjectRMS RAID Management SoftwareRMS Rate Monotonic SchedulingRMS Reason Maintenance System


RMS Record/Resource Management Services/SystemRMS Replica Management SystemRMS Richard Matthew StallmanRMS Root Mean SquareRMT Reliable Multicast TransportRMT Ring ManagementRNA Remote Network AccessRNA RufnummernanzeigeRNARS Royal Navy Amateur Radio SocietyRNC Radio Network ControllerRNG Random Number GeneratorRNI Reseau National d’Interconnexion de RenaterRNIS Reseau Numerique a Integration de ServicesRNR Receive Not Ready (frame)RNRT Reseau National de Recherche en TelecommunicationsRNSI Remote Node Service for ISDNRO Read OnlyRO Ring OutROADS Resource Organization And Discovery in Subject-based servicesROADS Running Out of Address SpaceROBO Remote Office Branch OfficeROC Restricted Operators CertificateRODPO Reading on Demand - Paper Option (vulgo Buch)ROFBTC Rolling On the Floor Biting The Carpet (Slang)ROFL Rolling On the Floor Laughing (Slang)ROFLASTC Rolling On the Floor Laughing And Scaring The Cat (Slang)ROFLMAO Rolling On The Floor Laughing My Ass Off (Slang)ROHC Robust Header CompressionROHS Restriction Of the use of certain Hazardous Substances in Electric and Electronic EquipmentROI Rectangle/Region Of InterestROI Return Of InvestmentROKSO Register Of Known Spam OperationsROLAP Relational Online Analytical ProcessingROLZ Reduced Offset Lempel Ziv (Algorithmus)ROM RAID On the MotherboardROM Read Only MemoryRONJA Reasonable Optical Near Joint AccessROP RISC OperationROPES Rapid Object Oriented Process for Embedded SystemsROPS Remote Operations Service

389

ROS Record On SiliconROS Remote Operation ServiceROS Resident Operating SystemROSA Receive Only Satellite AntennaROSE RATS Open System EnvironmentROSE Research Open Systems for EuropeROSE Remote Operations Service Element/EntityROTD Release Of The DayROTFL Rolling On The Floor Laughing (Slang)ROW Rest Of the WorldRP Radio PagingRP Randomized Polynomial timeRP Rendezvous PointRPA Remote Passphrase AuthenticationRPB Radio-Praktiker-BüchereiRPB Reverse Path BroadcastingRPC Radio Paging CallRPC Regional Playback ControlRPC Remote Procedure CallRPC Root Path CostRPD Rapid Prototyping DevelopmentRPDB Routing Policy DatabaseRPDFP Remote Physical Device Finger PrintingRPELPC Regular Pulse Excited Linear Predictive CoderRPELTP Regular Pulse Excitation with Long-Term Prediction LoopRPF Reverse Path ForwardingRPG Record Program Generator (IBM)RPL Requested Privilege LevelRPL Resident Programming LanguageRPM Radio Packet ModemRPM Rapid Prototyping ModuleRPM Red Hat Package ManagerRPM Revolutions per minuteRPN Reverse Polish NotationRPPROM Reprogrammable PROMRPS Redundant Power SupplyRPS Remote Procedure ServicesRPSL Routing Policy Specification LanguageRPSU Redundant Power Supply UnitRPU Ray Processing Unit


RQBE Relational Query By ExampleRQST RequestRR Radio RegulationsRR Real RealityRR Receive/Receiver ReadyRR Resource Record (DNS)RR Round RobinRRA Remote Record AccessRRAS Routing and Remote Access ServiceRRC Radio Resource ControlRRD Round Robin DatabaseRRG ReichsrundfunkgesellschaftRRI Resource Recovery InterfaceRRIP Rock Ridge Interchange ProtocolRRJ Registration RejectRRLP Radio Resource LCS ProtocolRRO Radial Run OutRRP Registry Registrar ProtocolRRQ Registration RequestRRT Radar Range TrackingRRT Radio Receiver TransmitterRRT Radio Relay TerminalRRT Random/Randomized Response TechniqueRRT Range Router TableRRT Rapid Reprogramming TerminalRRT Recommended Replacement TimeRRT Request Response TraceRRT Routing Request TimerRRZN Regionales Rechenzentrum Niedersachsen, HannoverRS Reader StopRS Recommended StandardRS Record SeparatorRS Reed Solomon (Code)RS Registry ServiceRS Request to SendRS Route ServerRS Router SolicitationRS232 Recommended Standard 232 (Norm für serielle Schnittstelle)RSA Rivest, Shamir, AdlemanRSAC Recreational Software Advisory Council

391

RSB Repair Service BureauRSB Reservation State BlockRSBAC Rule Set Based Access ControlRSCS Remote Spooling and Communications SubsystemRSCV Route Selection Control VectorRSDP Root System Description PointerRSDT Root System Description TableRSE Register Stack EngineRSET ResetRSFQ Rapid Single Flux Quantum (Logic)RSI Repetitive Strain InjuryRSIP Realm Specific Internet Protocol (parameter)RSIS Relocateable Screen Interface SpecificationRSL Radio Signaling LinkRSL Received Signal LevelRSL Registry Size LimitRSL Request and Status LinkRSL Reserve Static LineRSL Resilient Server LinkRSL Resource Specification LanguageRSMLT Routed Split Multi Link TrunkingRSN Real Soon Now (Slang)RSN Russian Security NewslineRSOH Regenerator Section OverheadRSP Required Space CharacterRSPC Reed Solomon Product CodeRSPCWS Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelties to Web SurfersRSRB Remote Source Route BridgingRSS Radio SubsystemRSS RDF Site SummaryRSS Really Simple SyndicationRSS Resident Set SizeRSS Rich Site SummaryRSSAC Root Server System Advisory CommitteeRSSI Received Signal Strength IndicationRST Readability, Signal Strength, and ToneRST Receive Start ThresholdRST Reset and RestartRSTE Regenerator Section Terminating EquipmentRSTP Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol


RSTS Resource Sharing and Time SharingRSTV RundfunkstaatsvertragRSVD ReservedRSVP Resource Reservation Setup ProtocolRSX Real Time Resource Sharing ExecutiveRT Radio TextRT Real/Run TimeRT Receive TimingRT RISC TechnologyRTA Runder Tisch AmateurfunkRTAI Real Time Application InterfaceRTAM Remote Terminal Access MethodRTAS Run-Time Abstraction ServicesRTB Regional TestbedRTC Real Time ClockRTC Return To ControlRTC Reseaux Telphoniques CommutesRTCA Radio Technical Commission for AeronauticsRTCM Radio Technical Commission for Maritime ServicesRTCP Realtime Transport Control ProtocolRTDL Real-Time Data LinkRTE Real-Time EnterpriseRTE Right to Left EmbeddingRTEID Real Time Executive Interface DefinitionRTEL Reverse TelnetRTEMS Real Time Executive for Military/Multiprocessor SystemsRTEMS Real Time Energy Management SolutionsRTF Rich Text FormatRTFAQ Read The FAQ (Slang)RTFB Read The Funny Binary (Slang)RTFF Read The Fantastic FAQ (Slang)RTFM Read The Fine/Fantastic/Funny ... Manual (Slang)RTFS Read The Funny Source (Slang)RTK Real Time KernelRTK Real-Time Kinematic PositioningRTL Register Transfer LevelRTL Resistor Transistor LogicRTL Run Time LibraryRTLS Real Time Locating SystemRTM Read The Manual (Slang)

393

RTM Real Time ModelingRTM Release To ManufacturingRTM Response Time MonitorRTMP Routing Table Maintenance ProtocolRTNR Real-Time Network RoutingRTO Retransmission TimeoutRTOS Real Time Operating SystemRTP Rapid Transport ProtocolRTP Realtime Transport ProtocolRTP Regulierungsbehörde für Telekommunikation und PostRTP Rendezvous and Termination ProtocolRTP Realtime Transport Protocol (Internet)RTR RARE Technical ReportRTS Ready/Request To SendRTS Real Time SystemRTS Reliable Transfer ServiceRTS Remote Telnet ServiceRTS Request To SendRTSE Reliable Transfer Service Element (OSI)RTSP Realtime Signal ProcessorRTSP Realtime Streaming ProtocolRTSPS Realtime Streaming Protocol Secure/Server/Service/SpecificationRTSPU Realtime Streaming Protocol UnreliableRTT Resonant Tunneling TransistorRTT Round-Trip TimeRTTI Run Time Type Information/IdentificationRTTY Radio Teletype (Funkfernschreiben)RTV Real Time VideoRTWFQ Read The Whole Fantastic Question (Slang)RU Request/Response UnitRUA Remote User AgentRUC Reservation Upon Collision (Scheme)RULL Rechnerunterstütztes Lehren und LernenRUM Rechenzentrum Universität MannheimRUOK Are You Ok (Slang)RUP Rational Unified ProcessRUS Rechenzentrum der Universität StuttgartRUSH Remote Use of Shared HardwareRV Real VirtualityRV Rotational Vibration


RVI Reverse InterruptRVL RingverteilungsleiterRVML Rich Vector Markup LanguageRVP Rendezvous ProtocolRVS Rotational Vibration SafeguardRVSA Remote Variant Selection AlgorithmRW RewritableRWB Responsive WorkbenchRWI Reset Window IndicatorRWI Reversed Word IndexRWM Read Write MemoryRWP RIP While PrintingRWS RufweiterschaltungRWT Random Walk TheoryRWTH Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, AachenRX Receive DataRX ReceiverRXC Receive ClockRXD Received DataRYS Read Your Screen (Slang)RZ RechenzentrumRZ Return to ZeroRZG Rechenzentrum Garching (MPG)RZM Root Zone Maintainer

S Service, Signal, Standard, Synchron, SystemS Signal TimingS SteuerleitungS2M ISDN Wählverbindung 2 Mbit/sSA Security AssociationSA Selective Availability (GPS)SA Soft AffinitySA Software AssuranceSA Source AddressSA SpamAssassinSA Structured AnalysisSA System AdministratorSAA Silly And Awkward (Slang)SAA Single Assignment Approach

395

SAA System/Systems Application ArchitectureSAAL Signalling AALSAAS Software As A ServiceSAB Standards Activities Board (IEEE/CS)SABM Set Asynchronous Balanced ModeSABME Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode ExtendedSAC Seismic Analysis CodeSAC Service Access ControllerSAC Single Attached/Attachment Component/ConcentratorSAC Special Area CodeSAC Syntax-based Arithmetic CodingSACCH Slow Associated Control ChannelSACD Super Audio Compact DiskSACEADM System Auxiliary Control Element AdministrationSACECP System Auxiliary Control Element Common PairSACEM Societe des Auteurs Compositeurs Editeurs de MusiqueSACK Selective AcknowledgementSACL System Access Control ListSACNET Secure Automated Communications NetworkSACT SPARC Application Conformance ToolkitSAD Security Association DatabaseSADT Structured Analysis and Design TechniqueSAE Self Addressed EnvelopeSAF Service Access FacilitySAFI Subsequence Address Family IdentifierSAFIR Service ATM Federateur et d’Interconnexion de RenaterSAFT Simple Asynchronous File Transfer (Protocol)SAGA Standards und Architekturen für eGovernment-AnwendungenSAGE (UNIX) System Administrators’ GuildSAIC Single Antenna Interference CancellationSAIL Stanford AI LaboratorySAINT Symbolic Automatic IntegratorSAK Secure Attention KeySAL Self Addressed EnvelopeSAL Structured Assembly LanguageSALT Speech Application Language TagSALT SuSE Advanced Linux TechnologySAM SCSI Architecture ModelSAM Security Access/Account ManagerSAM Sequential Access Method


SAM Serial Access MemorySAM Smart ATM ModulSAM Storage and Archive ManagerSAM Synchronous Address MultiplexerSAM System Administration Manager (tool)SAMI Synchronized Accessible Media InterchangeSAN Satellite Access NetworkSAN Schulen ans Netz e. V.SAN Standard Address NumberSAN Storage Area NetworkSAN System Area NetworkSANE Scanner Access Now EasySANE Standard Apple Numeric EnvironmentSANS SysAdmin, Audit, Network, Security (Institute)SAO Session At OnceSAP Secure Audio PathSAP Send And PraySAP Service Access Point (OSI)SAP Service Advertising Protocol (Novell)SAP Session Announcement ProtocolSAP SIM Access ProfileSAP Symbolic Assembler ProgramSAP Systeme, Anwendungen, Produkte (AG), WalldorfSAPI Service Access Point IdentifierSAPI Speech APISAPI Streams Application Programming InterfaceSAR Search And RescueSAR Segmentation And Reassembling/ReassemblySAR Smurf Amplifier RegistrySAR Specific Absorption RateSAR Synthetic Aperture RadarSARC Symantec Antivirus Research CenterSARCOM Search And Rescue CommunicationSARE SpamAssassin Rules EmporiumSARM Set Asynchronous Response ModeSARME Set Asynchronous Response Mode ExtendedSARP Search And Rescue ProcessorSARPA Security Advanced Research Projects Agency, USASARSAT Search And Rescue Satellite Aided TrackingSART Search And Rescue (Radar) Transponder

397

SARTG Scandinavian Amateur Radio Teleprinter GroupSAS Security AssociationSAS Serial Attached SCSISAS Short Authentication StringSAS Signature Authority SystemSAS Single Attached/Attachment Station (FDDI)SAS Speicher- und AnforderungssteuerungSAS Statistical Analysis SystemSASDB Security Association Data BaseSASE Self Addressed and Stamped EnvelopeSASI Shugart Associates System InterfaceSASL St. Andrews Static LanguageSASL Simple Authentication and Security LayerSASL Single Assignment LanguageSAT Satisfiability ProblemSATA Serial AT Bus AttachmentSATAN Security Analysis/Administrator’s Tool for Analyzing/Auditing NetworksSATL SCSI ATA Translation LayerSAV Sender Address VerificationSAW Surface Acoustic Wave (Filter)SAX Simple API for XMLSB SouthbridgeSB Standby IndicatorSB System BuilderSBA Small Business AdministrationSBAS Satellite Based Augmentation SystemSBC SCSI Block CommandsSBC Server Based ComputingSBC Single Board ComputerSBC Smart Bitrate ControlSBC Subband CodecSBCS Single Byte Character/Command SetSBE Single Byte ExtensionSBE Society of Broadcast Engineers (USA)SBOD Switched Bunch Of DiscsSBP Serial Bus ProtocolSBP Structured Buffer PoolSBR Spectral Band ReplicationSBR1 Statistical Bit Rate Configuration 1SBS Secure Boot System


SBS Small Business ServerSBST Smart Battery Status TableSBT Six Bit TranscodeSBUP System Backup PartitionSBV Skeletonization Based VectorizationSC Secondary ChannelSC Send CommonSC Sequential ConsistencySC Smart CardSC Storage CompatibilitySC SubcommitteeSC Subscriber Channel (Sonnector)SCA Security Control and AuditSCA Single Connector AttachmentSCA Software Communications ArchitectureSCADA Supervisory Control And Data AcquisitionSCADDS Scalable Coordination Architectures for Deeply Distributed SystemsSCAM SCSI Configured AutomagicallySCART Syndicat des Constructeurs d’Appareils Radio Recepteurs et TeleviseursSCB Subsystem Control BlockSCC Satellite Control CenterSCC SCSI Controller CommandsSCC Serial Communication ControllerSCC Small Card ClearingSCC Specialized Common CarrierSCC Spontaneous Computer CombustionSCC Standards Coordinating Committee (IEEE/CS)SCC Synchronous Channel CheckSCCP Signal/Signalling Connection Control PortSCCS Source Code Control SystemSCCS Southern California Computer SocietySCD Standard Color DisplaySCD Structured Charts DiagramSCE Service Creation EnvironmentSCF Service Control FunctionSCF System Control FacilitySCI Scalable Coherent InterconnectSCI Special Circumstance InstructionsSCI Strategic Computing InititativeSCI System Control Interrupt

399

SCIM Smart Commom Input MethodSCLM Software Configuration Library Manager (IBM)SCM Selected Communication ModeSCM Software Configuration ManagementSCM Supply Chain ManagementSCM Switch Control ModuleSCML Spectrum Cataloging Markup LanguageSCMS Serial Copy Management SystemSCN Switched Circuit NetworkSCN System Change/Commit NumberSCNR Sorry, Could Not Resist (Slang)SCO (The) Santa Cruz Operation, Inc.SCO Structured Complex ObjectSCO Synchronous Connection OrientedSCOS Single Copy Object StoreSCP Secure CopySCP Service Control PointSCP Session Control ProtocolSCP Short Circuit ProtectionSCP Subsystem Control PortSCPC Single CHannel Per CarrierSCPI Standard Commands for Programmable InstrumentsSCR Silicon Controlled RectifierSCR Standard Context RoutingSCR Sustainable/Sustained Cell RateSCS Secondary Clear to SendSCS SNA Communication ServiceSCS System Communication ServicesSCSA Signal Computing System ArchitectureSCSI Small Computer Systems InterfaceSCSL Sun Community Source LicensingSCSP Server Cache Synchronization ProtocolSCSSI Service Central de la Securite des Systemes d’InformationSCSU Standard Compression Scheme for UnicodeSCTP Screened Twisted Pair (cable)SCTP Shape-Controlled Traffic PatternSCTP Simple Control Transport ProtocolSCTP Stream Control Transmission ProtocolSCTS Secondary Clear To SendSCTT Strong Church Turing Thesis


SCU System Control UnitSD Sales + DistributionSD Secure Digital (Card)SD Send DataSD ShutdownSD Single DensitySD Staircase Deadline (scheduler)SD Starting DelimiterSD Structured DesignSD Super Density (Compact Disk)SDA Scalable Disk ArraySDA Start of/Secure Domain AuthoritySDA Swappable Data AreaSDA System Design AutomationSDB Security Policy DatabaseSDBM Selective Directed Broadcast ModeSDC Secondary Domain ControllerSDC Secure Digital CardSDC Service Description ChannelSDCCH Stand Alone Dedicated Control ChannelSDCD Secondary Data Carrier DetectSDD Super Density DiskSDDC Single Device Data CorrectionSDDI Serial Digital Data InterfaceSDDI Shielded Twisted Pair Distributed Data InterfaceSDDS Sony Dynamic Digital SoundSDE Software Development EnvironmentSDF Signal Delay FormatSDF Space Delimited File/FormatSDF Standard/System Data FormatSDF Structured Display FileSDH Synchronous Digital HierarchySDHC Secure Digital High Capacity (Card)SDHT Selectively Doped Hetero TransistorSDI Selective Dissemination of InformationSDI Serial Device/Digital InterfaceSDI Single Document InterfaceSDIF Standard Document Interchange FormatSDIGN Vorschriftensammlung für digitale NetzeSDIO Secure Digital Input/Output

401

SDK Software Development/Developer’s KitSDL Scene Description LanguageSDL Security Development LifecycleSDL Simple Direct Media LayerSDLC Software Development Life CycleSDLC Synchronous Data Link Control (IBM)SDLP Standard Device Level ProtocolSDLT Super Digital Linear TapeSDM Secure Digital Mini (card)SDM Security Device ManagerSDM Short Data MessageSDM Sub-rate Data MultiplexerSDMA Space Division Multiple AccessSDMI Secure Digital Music InititativeSDMS SCSI Device Management SystemSDN Software Defined NetworkSDNS Secure Data Network Service/SystemSDO ServicedatenobjektSDP Service Discovery ProtocolSDP Session Description ProtocolSDP Shared Development ProcessSDP Software Delivery PlatformSDP Standard Directory Package (Apple)SDPS Science/Service/Shared/Spatial/Standard/Surveillance Data Processing Software/SystemSDPS Secure Digital Paper SealSDPS Standard Dial-up POP3 ServiceSDR Session DirectorSDR Single Data RateSDR Software Defined RadioSDR Streaming Data RequestSDRAM Synchronous Dynamic Random Access MemorySDS Sample Dump StandardSDS Software Distribution Service (OSF)SDS Subdivision SurfaceSDSC San Diego Supercomputer Center, USASDSE Shadowed DSA-Specific EntrySDSL Single Line/Single Pair/Symmetrical Digital Subscriber LineSDSS Sloan Digital Sky SurveySDTS Spatial Data Transfer StandardSDTV Standard Definition Television


SDU Service/Signalling Data UnitSDX Storage Data AccelerationSDXC Synchronous Digital Cross ConnectSDXF Structured Data Exchange FormatSE Second Editon (Windows)SE Shared EverythingSE Single EndedSE-SCSI Single Ended SCSISEA Schoof, Elkes, AtkinSEA Self Extracting ArchiveSEA Society for Electronic AccessSEAL Screening External Access LinkSEBD Software Engineering Bibliographic Database (DACS)SEC Single Error CorrectionSEC Standard Ethernet ControllerSECAM Sequentiel Couleur Avec MemoireSECBR Severely Errored Cell Block RatioSECC Single Edge Contact CartridgeSED Smoke Emitting DiodeSED Surface-conduction Electron-emitter DisplaySEDAS Standardregelungen einheitlicher DatenaustauschSEE Software Engineering EnvironmentSEEFUST SeefunkstelleSEEK Secure Electronic Exchange of KeysSEEM Simple Efficient Extensible MeshSEL Security Enhanced LinuxSEL SelectorSEL Standard Elektrik Lorenz AGSEL System Event LoggerSEM Search Engine MarketingSEM Server Enhancement ModuleSEMA Simple Electromagnetic AnalysisSEMPER Secure Electronic Marketplace for EuropeSEO Search Engine Optimization/OptimizerSEO Sequences NumberSEP SeparationSEP Somebody Else’s Problem (Slang)SEPI School Educational Provision ImprovementSEPP Secure Electronic Payment ProtocolSEPP Single Edge Processor Package

403

SER Soft Error RateSES SCSI Enclosure ServicesSES Secure Easy SetupSES Ship Earth StationSES Societe Europeenne des SatellitesSESAME Secure European System for Applications in a Multi-Vendor EnvironmentSESK Session KeySET Secure Electronic TransactionSET SetkeySET Shortest Elapsed TimeSET Single Electron TransistorSET Standard d’Exchange et de TransfertSETI Search for Extraterrestrial IntelligenceSEU Serial Encryption UnitSEU Smallest Executable UnitSEUL Simple End User LinuxSEX Software ExchangeSF Select/Send FrequencySF Sign FlagSF Single FrequencySF Store and ForwardSFA Sales Force AutomationSFAUSL Vorschriftensammlung Fernmeldeverkehr AuslandSFC System File CheckerSFD Start Frame DelimiterSFF Small Form FactorSFINX Service for French Internet ExchangeSFLAAE/BS Star Fleet Ladies Auxiliary and Embroidery/Baking SocietySFLC Software Freedom Law CenterSFMJI Sorry For My Jumping In (Slang)SFP Single Function PeripheralSFP Super Fine PositioningSFP System File ProtectionSFPS Secure Fast Packet SwitchingSFQ Stochastic Fairness QueuingSFQL Structured Full-text Query LanguageSFR Split Frame RenderingSFS Scalable/Secure File Share/SystemSFS Security Feature SetSFS Smart File System (Amiga)


SFS Storage Attached Network File SystemSFT System Fault ToleranceSFT System File TableSFTM Switched Frame Transfer ModeSFTP Simple File Transfer ProtocolSFU Services For UnixSFURD StadtfunkrufdienstSFV Standard-FestverbindungSG Signal GroundSG SupergroupSGA Shared/System Global AreaSGC SCSI Graphic CommandsSGCP Simple Gateway Control ProtocolSGDB Service de Genomique du Departement de Biologie, ENS ParisSGF Smart Go FormatSGI Silicon Graphics, Inc.SGML Standard Generalized Markup LanguageSGMP Simple Gateway Management/Monitoring Protocol (Internet)SGPS Simple Global Positioning System (protocol)SGRAM Synchronous Graphical Random Access MemorySGSN Serving GPRS Support NodeSH Sample and Hold, S/HSHA Secure Hash AlgorithmSHA Super High AvailabilitySHAFT Society to Help Abolish FORTRAN TeachingSHAR Shell ArchiveSHARL Specified Home Appliance Recycling Law, JapanSHDSL Single-pair High Speed Digital Subscriber LineSHF Super High FrequencySHIA Strongly Hedonistic Internet AreaSHIFT Scalable, Heterogeneous, Integrated FacilitySHIT Secure Home Internet TelephonySHM Semantical Hierarchy ModelSHM Short Hold ModeSHOE Simple HTML Ontology ExtensionsSHRS Sehen, Hören, Riechen, Schmecken (Multimedia)SHTTP Secure HTTPSHV Standard High VolumeSHY Soft/Syllable HyphenSI Service Interaction

405

SI Shift InSI Signalling Rate IndicatorSI Simple Interface (Cray to UNIX)SI Source IndexSI Still Image (Exchange)SI System InformationSI Systeme International d’UnitesSIA Semiconductor Industries AssociationSIA Serial Interface AdapterSIAM Supraleitendes Intelligentes Antennen-ModulSIASL Stranger In A Strange Land (Slang)SIB Scaled Index BasedSIC Standard Industry CodeSICAS Semiconductor International Capacity StatisticsSID Security Identification/IdentifierSID Session IdentifierSID Silence DescriptorSID Society for Information DisplaySID Station IdentificationSID Sudden Ionospheric DisturbanceSID Symbolic Interactive DebuggerSIE Serial Interface EngineSIF Stateful Inspection FirewallSIFS Short Inter Frame SpaceSIFT Stanford Information Filtering ToolSIG Selective Integral GroundSIG Software/Special Interest GroupSIGCAT Special Interest Group on CD-ROM Applications and TechnologySIGG SignaturgesetzSIGIR Special Interest Group on Information RetrievalSIGPLAN Special Interest Group on Programming LanguagesSIH Super Information HighwaySIHFT Software Implemented Hardware Fault ToleranceSII Static Invocation InterfaceSIIT Stateless IP/ICMP Translation (Algorithm)SIL Solid Immersion LensSILC Secure Internet Live ConferencingSILK Speech, Image, Language, KnowledgeSIM Set Initialization ModeSIM Subscriber Identification/Identity Module


SIMA Support Initiative for Multimedia ApplicationsSIMCA Sitting In My Chair Amused (Slang)SIMD Single Instruction Multiple Data (stream)SIMM Single Inline Memory ModuleSIMP Simple Intermachine ProtocolSIMPLE Sheer Idiots Monopurpose Programming Language EnvironmentSIMPLE SIP for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging ExtensionsSIN Serial Data InSIN Service Indicator (ISDN)SINA Sichere Internet-Anbindung/Architektur (BSI)SINA SISY Integriertes FTP-Server Archiv, KarlsruheSINPO Signal strength, Interference, Noise, Propagation disturbance, Overall meritSIO Serial Input OutputSIO Simultaneous Interface OperationSIP SCSI Interlocl ProtocolSIP Second/Simple Internet ProtocolSIP Secure Internet Programming (Princeton U.)SIP Session Initiation ProtocolSIP SMDS Interface ProtocolSIP Submission Information PackageSIPC Simple Integrated/Interactive Personal ComputerSIPO Serial In Serial OutSIPP Simple Internet Protocol PlusSIPP Simple Polygon ProcessorSIPP Single In-Line Pin PackageSIPP Stable Image PC PlatformSIPP Stable Image Platform ProgramSIPS SIP over SSLSIR Serial Infrared Communication (Hewlett-Packard)SIRDS Single Image Random Dot StereogramSIRF (SiRF Technology Inc., USA)SIS Schengen Information SystemSIS Silicon Isotope Superlattice (Technology)SIS Stateful Inspection SystemSISD Single Instruction Single Data(stream)SISO Serial In, Serial OutSISSL Sun Industry Standards Source LicenseSISY Software Informations-System, KarlsruheSIT Satellite Interactive TerminalSIT (Fraunhofer-Institut für) Sichere Telekooperation

407

SIT Simple Internet TransitionSIT Special Information ToneSITD Still In The Dark (Slang)SITOR Simple Telex Over RadioSITP Strategic Information Technology Plan, DoC, USASITP System Integration Test PlanSIWG Special Interest Working GroupSJCC Spring Joint Computer ConferenceSJF Shortest Job FirstSJF Super Jumbo Frame (Ethernet)SK Schneider & Koch, EttlingenSK Server KeySK SynchronknotenSKA Shared Key AuthenticationSKAS Separate Kernel Address SpaceSKIP Simple Key Management for Internet ProtocolsSKU Stock Keeping Unit (Artikelnummer)SL Second LifeSL Session LayerSL Shading/Specification LanguageSL SlaveSLA Sealed Lead Acid (Battery)SLA Service Level AgreementSLA Site Level Aggregation/AggregatorSLAC Stanford Linear Accelerator CenterSLAP Sounds Like A Plan (Slang)SLAPI Salutation Application Programming InterfaceSLC Second Level CacheSLC Single Level CellSLC Synchronous Link ControlSLD Second/Sub Level DomainSLDRAM Synchronous Link Dynamic RAMSLED Single Large Expensive DiskSLED Software Life Cycle Experience Database (DACS)SLED Suse Linux Enterprise DesktopSLES Suse Linux Enterprise ServerSLI Scalable Link Interface/InterleaveSLI Scanline InterleaveSLI System Level IntegrationSLIAA Scalable Link Interface Anti-Aliasing


SLIP Serial Line Interface Protocol (Internet)SLIP Symmetric List ProcessorSLIT System Locality Distance Information TableSLM Salutation ManagerSLOC Source Lines Of CodeSLOS SuSE Linux Office ServerSLP School License ProgramSLP Service Location ProtocolSLP Single Link ProtocolSLP System Load PartitionSLR Scalable Linear RecordingSLS Service Level SpecificationSLSI Super Large Scale IntegrationSLT Speech and Language TechnologySLU Site Local UseSLV Single Language VendorSLURM Simple Linux Utility for Resource ManagementSM Security ManagementSM Set ModeSM Shadow MapSM Sparse ModeSM System Management/ManagerSMA Shared Memory ArchitectureSMA Sharing with Minimum AllocationSMA Sub Miniature Assembly (Connector)SMAC Sensor Media/Medium Access ControlSMACK Simplified Mandatory Access Control KernelSMACS Schema Mapping Application Compiler SystemSMACS Smart Multi-Access Communication ServiceSMACS Stochastic Modelling and Analysis of Communication SystemsSMAE Systems Management Application EntitySMAP Simple Mail Access ProtocolSMAP System Management Application ProcessSMART Self Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting TechnologySMART Software Metering and Resource TrackingSMASE System Management Application Service ElementSMB Server/Session Message BlockSMB Small and Medium BusinessSMB System Management BusSMC Secure Messaging Card

409

SMC Standard Microsystems, Inc.SMCC Sun Microsystems Computer Corp.SMD SchiffsmeldedienstSMD Storage Modul DeviceSMD Surface Mounted DeviceSMDC Server Management Daughter CardSMDR Station Message Detail RecordingSMDS Switched Multi-Megabit Data Service, USASMDSU Switched Multi-Megabit Data Service UnitSME Subject Matter ExpertSMF Service Management FacilitySMF Simple Message FormatSMF Single Mode FiberSMF Standard Midi FileSMF System Manager FacilitySMFA System Management Functional AreaSMG SupermastergroupSMI Secure Monitor InterruptSMI Serial Management InterfaceSMI Structure of Management InformationSMI System Management (mode) InterruptSMIL Synchronized Multimedia Integration LanguageSMIME Secure MIMESMIS Safety/Supply/System Management Information SystemSMIS Service Marketing Information SystemSMIS Storage Management Initiative SpecificationSMIT System Management Interface Tool (IBM)SMK Software Migration KitSML Simple Macro LanguageSML Simple Mailing ListSML Simplified Markup LanguageSML Standard Math LibrarySML Standard MetalanguageSMLT Split Multi Link TrunkingSMM Start of Manual MessageSMM System Management ModeSMO Social Memory OrganizerSMON Switched Monitoring NetworkSMOP Small/Simple Matter Of ProgrammingSMP Simple Management Protocol (Internet)


SMP Standard Message Package (Apple)SMP Standby Monitor PresenceSMP Symmetrical/Synchronous Multi-ProcessingSMP SONET Physical Layer MappingSMPS Switching Mode Power Supply (Schaltnetzteil)SMPTE Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, USASMR Signal to Mask RationSMS Satellite Multi-Service SystemSMS Service/Security Management Station/SystemSMS Short Message ServiceSMS Software Management SystemSMS Storage Management ServicesSMS Subsystem Management Service (OSF)SMS System Management ServerSMSC Short Message Service CenterSMSCB Short Message Service Cell BroadcastSMSI Sommet Mondial de la Societe de l’InformationSMSMO SMS Mobile Station OriginatedSMSMT SMS Mobile Station TerminatedSMSP Storage Management Services ProtocolSMT Simultaneous Multi TexturingSMT Simultaneous/Symmetrical Multithreading (Technology)SMT Station ManagementSMT Surface Mounted TechnologySMTI Systems Management Tools InitiativeSMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (Internet)SMTPE Society of Motion Picture and Television EngineersSMU System Management UtilitySMUX SNMP Multiplexing ProtocolSMXQ Sharing with Maximum QueuesSN Sequence NumberSN Signal/Noise, S/N (ratio)SN Subscriber NumberSNA Systems Network Architecture (IBM)SNACP SNA Control ProtocolSNADS SNA Distribution ServicesSNAFU Situation Normal All Fed/Fucked Up (Slang)SNAP Streamlined Network Accelerated ProtocolSNAP Subnetwork Access/Attachement Point/ProtocolSNAPI Soft Switch Network Application Programming Interface

411

SNCP Single Node Control PointSNCP System Services Control PointSNCS Secure Network Computer ServerSNF Server Natural/Normal FormatSNF Session Sequence Number FieldSNI Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme AG, PaderbornSNI Subscriber Network Identifier/InterfaceSNIA Storage Networking Industry AssociationSNMP Simple Network Management Protocol (Internet)SNMPV2 Simple Network Management Protocol Version 2 (Internet)SNOBOL String Oriented Symbolic LanguageSNP Sequence Number ProtectionSNPP Simple Network Paging ProtocolSNR Saved Number RedialSNR Serial NumberSNR Signal to Noise RatioSNRM Set Normal Response ModeSNRME Set Normal Response Mode ExtendedSNS Session Network ServicesSNVT Standard Network Variable TypeSO Shift OutSO Small OutlineSO Supporting OrganizationSOA Service Order ActivationSOA Service Oriented ArchitectureSOA Start Of (zone of) Authority (DNS)SOAP Simple Object Access ProtocolSOB Start Of BlockSOB Statement Of BoredomSOC System On a ChipSODIMM Small Outline Dual Inline Memory ModuleSOE Standard Operating EnvironmentSOFL Structured Object-Oriented Formal LanguageSOG Sync On GreenSOGT Senior Officials Group on TelecommunicationsSOH Section OverheadSOH Start of Header/HeadingSOHO Small Office, Home OfficeSOI Silicon On InsulatorSOIF Summary Object Interchange Format


SOIP Storage Over IPSOL Seniors/Senioren On LineSOL Siemens Optical LinkSOL Simulation Oriented LanguageSOL Special Object LibrarySOLAS (International Convention for the) Safety Of Life At SeaSOM Start Of MessageSOM System Object Model (IBM)SONET Synchronous Optical NetworkSONETT Soziales Netz TelecommunikationSOP Same Origin PolicySOP Service Object PairSOP Standard Operating ProcedureSORBS Spam and Open Relay Blocking SystemSOS Silicon On SapphireSOS Sophisticated Operating SystemSOS Start Of SignificanceSOSI Shift Out Shift InSOSIG Social Science Information GatewaySOTIS Self-Organizing Traffic Information SystemSOUP Simple Offline Usenet PacketSOUT Serial Data OutSOX Sound Exchange (File)SP Segment PrioritySP Service ProviderSP Space (Leertaste)SP Stack PointerSP Strict PrioritySP System ProgramSPA Secure Password AuthenticationSPA Service Point ApplicationSPA Simple Power AnalysisSPA Software Publishers’ AssociationSPADA Sprache und DatenSPAG Standards Promotion and Application Group (OSI)SPAM Send Phenomenal Amounts of Mail, Shit Posing As Mail (Slang)SPAN Services and Protocols for Advanced NetworksSPAN Switched Port AnalyzerSPAP Shiva Password Authentication ProtocolSPARC Scalable Processor Architecture

413

SPB Synchronous Pipelined BusSPC SCSI Primary CommandsSPC Small Peripheral ControllerSPC Statistical Process ControlSPC Stored Program ControlSPC Sub-Process ControlSPD Scalable Performance DataSPD Secondary Pool DescriptorSPD Secure Payload DatabaseSPD Security Policy DatabaseSPD Selective Packet DelaySPD Senior Program DeveloperSPD Serial Poll DisableSPD Serial Port DataSPD Serial Presence DetectSPD Sharable Private DiskSPD Silicon Photo DiodeSPD Silicon Pixel DetectorSPD Simple Pattern DetectionSPD Simplified Printer DescriptionSPD Single Programming DocumentSPD Software/System Preliminary DesignSPD Software Product DescriptionSPD Software Products DivisionSPD Spectral Power Density/DistributionSPD SpeedSPD Sponsored Program DevelopmentSPD Spool Positioning DeviceSPD Storage Pool DeficiencySPD Structured Program DevelopmenrSPD Summary Program DescriptionSPD Surge Protection/Protector DeviceSPDA Supplier Data ProgramSPDEEPROMSerial Presence Detect Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only MemorySPDIF Sony and Philips Digital Interconnect/Interface FormatSPDL Standard Page Description LanguageSPDN Shared Private Data NetworkSPDT Single-Pole Double-Throw (Relay)SPDU Session Protocol Data UnitSPE Superparamagnetic Effect


SPE Symbolic Programming EnvironmentSPE Synchronous Payload EnvelopeSPE Synergistic Processor/Processing ElementSPEC Standard Performance Evaluation CorporationSPF Security/Sender Policy FrameworkSPF Sender Permitted From (obsolet)SPF Shortest Path FirstSPF System Programming FacilitySPG Service Protocol GatewaySPI SCSI-3 Parallel InterfaceSPI Security Parameter IndexSPI Serial Peripheral InterfaceSPI Server Programming InterfaceSPI Service Provider InterfaceSPI Software in the Public Interest, Inc.SPI Stateful Packet InspectionSPI Symbolic Probabilistic InferenceSPICE Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit EmphasisSPICE Spacecraft, Planet, Instruments, C Matrix, EventsSPIFF Still Picture Interchange File FormatSPIM Spam over Instant MessagingSPINE Shared Program Information NetworkSPIT Spam over Internet TelephonySPK Software Porting KitSPKM Simple Public Key GSS-API MechanismSPL Spooler/SpoolingSPLD Simple Programmable Logic DeviceSPM Session Protocol MachineSPM System Performance Monitor (IBM)SPMD Single Program Multiple DataSPML Service Provisioning Markup LanguageSPMP Software Project Management PlanSPMS Software Project Management SystemSPN Service Principal NameSPNR Special People Numbers RegistrySPOC Search And Rescue Point Of ContactSPOF Single Point Of FailureSPOOL Simultaneous Peripherals Operation On LineSPOT Single Point Of TruthSPOT Systeme Pour l’Observation de la Terre

415

SPP Scalable Parallel ProcessingSPP Sequenced/Sequential Packet ProtocolSPP Serial Port ProfileSPP Standard Parallel PortSPPI Structure of Policy Provisioning InformationSPR Software Performance ReportSPS Secure Packet ShieldSPS Session Presentation ServicesSPS Speicherprogrammierte SteuerungSPS Standard Positioning Service/SystemSPS Standby Power SystemSPSI Spots Per Square InchSPT Sectors Per TrackSPT Shortest Processing TimeSPU Shader Processing UnitSPU Sound Processing UnitSPU Synergistic Processor UnitSPV Semipermanente VerbindungSPV Sound, Pictures, VideoSPV Sparsed Pixel VectorizationSPWG Standard Panels Working Group (VESA)SPX Secured/Sequenced/Sequential Packet/Protocol ExchangeSQ Signal QualitySQ Signal-QuantisierungsgeräuschSQA Safety/Software Quality AssuranceSQCIF Sub Quarter Common Intermediate FormatSQE Signal Quality Error (SQE Test, heartbeat, Ethernet)SQID Superconducting Quantum Interference DeviceSQL SquelchSQL Standard/Structured Query LanguageSQUID Source Quench Introduced DelaySR Sampling/Send RateSR Session ReliabilitySR Signalling Rate SelectorSR Shift RegisterSR Source RoutingSRAM Shadow/Static Random Access MemorySRAT System Resource Affinity TableSRB Source Route Bridging (IBM)SRB Storage Resource Broker


SRC Sampling Rate ConverterSRC SourceSRC System Resource ControllerSRD Screen Reader SystemSRD Secondary Received DataSRD Short Range DeviceSREJ Selective RejectSRES Signed ResultSRF Streaming Register FileSRI Stanford Research Institute, USASRL Structural Return LossSRL Subject Restriction ListSRM Send Routing MessageSRM Shared Resource ManagerSRMA Split-Channel Reservation Multiple AccessSRMP Spider Remote Monitoring ProtocolSRO Sharable and Read Only (memory)SRP Security Rollup Package (Microsoft)SRPI Server-Requester Programming InterfaceSRQ Service RequestSRR Search and Rescue RegionSRR Secondary Receiver ReadySRS Secondary Request to SendSRS Sender Rewriting SchemeSRS Shared Registry SystemSRS Sound Retrieval SystemSRT Secure Request TechnologySRT Shortest Remaining TimeSRT Shuttle Radar Topography (Mission)SRT Source Route/Routing TransparentSRTP Secure Realtime Transport ProtocolSRTS Secondary Request To SendSRUC Split Reservation Upon CollisionSRV ServerSS Sampled ServoSS Seed/Stack SegmentSS Select StandbySS Single Shift/SidedSS Storage ServerSS7 Signalling System No. 7

417

SSA Screened Subnet ArchitectureSSA Serial Storage Architecture (IBM)SSA Static Single AssignmentSSA Sveriges SändareamatörerSSB Schwäbischer Standard-BenchmarkSSB Single SidebandSSBA Suite Synthetique des Benchmarks de l’AFFUSSC SCSI Stream CommandsSSC Symantec System CenterSSCC Serial Shipping Container CodeSSCF Service Specific Coordination FunctionSSCOP Service Specific Connection Oriented ProtocolSSCP System Services Control Point/ProgramSSCS Service Specific Convergence SublayerSSD Schwartz Sequential DroppingSSD Secondary Send DataSSD Solid State DiskSSDA Synchronous Serial Data AdapterSSDC Stack Segment Descriptor CacheSSDP Simple Service Discovery ProtocolSSDT System Service Descriptor TableSSE Streaming SIMD ExtensionsSSEC Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (IBM)SSEM System Security Engineering ManagementSSF Service Switching FunctionSSF Structured Fax FileSSFDC Solid State Floppy Disc CardSSGA System Support Gate ArraySSH Secure ShellSSI SCSI Serial InterfaceSSI Server Side IncludeSSI Single System ImageSSI Small Scale IntegrationSSID Secondary Station IdentifierSSID Service Set IdentifierSSIMM Single RAS SIMMSSL Schüler, Studenten, LehrerSSL Secondary System LoaderSSL Secure Server LineSSL Secure Sockets Layer


SSM Source Specific MulticastSSM Storage System ManagerSSMA Spread Spectrum Multiple AccessSSN Secure Server NetworkSSO Single Sign OnSSO System Security OfficerSSP Sender Signing PracticesSSP Serial Storage ProtocolSSP Service Switching PointSSP Switch-to-Switch ProtocolSSP System Service/Support ProcessorSSR Scalable Sampling RateSSR Secondary Surveillance RadarSSR Small Screen Rendering (Opera)SSR Sum of Squared ResidualsSSR Super Self RefreshSSRC Synchronization Source IdentifierSSS Switching SubsystemSST Self Service TerminalSST Simple SIPP TransitionSSTP Screened Shielded Twisted PairSSTV Slow Scan TelevisionSSU Session Support Utility (DEC)SSW SchnittstellenwandlerST Segment TypeST Send TimingST Service TicketST Straight Tip (Connector)ST Stream ProtocolSTA SCSI Trade AssociationSTA Secure Ticket AuthoritySTA Spanning Tree AlgorithmSTA StationSTACK Start AcknowledgementSTAR Self Defining Text ArchivalSTAR Self Test And RepairSTAR Self Tuning ArchitectureSTAR Simultaneous Transmit And ReceiveSTAR Stateful Assured RoutingSTAR Stop Talking And Read (Slang)

419

STAR Storage And RetrievalSTAX Streaming API for XMLSTB Set Top BoxSTC Set Top ComputerSTC Subtechnical Committee (ETSI)STD Secondary Transmitted DataSTD StandardSTD State Transition DiagramSTD Subscriber Trunk DialingSTD Suspend To DiscSTDA StreetTalk Directory Assistance (Banyan)STDM Statistical/Synchronous Time Division MultiplexingSTE Signalling TerminalSTEP Standard for the Exchange of Product Model DataSTF Specialist Task ForceSTGO Start Tag OpenSTID Secure Table IdentifierSTK Software Translation KitSTL Standard Template LibrarySTM Science, Technology, MedicineSTM Station/Storage ManagementSTM Streams ManagerSTM Synchronous Transfer/Transport Mode/ModulSTMF State Management FunctionSTN Scientific & Technical Information Network, KarlsruheSTN Super Twisted Nematic Field Effective MaterialSTO Strategic Technology OfficeSTOA Science/Scientific and Technology/Technological Options AssessmentSTOE StörungSTOMP Streaming Text Oriented Messaging ProtocolSTOMP Systematic Test Of Multiplatform ProductSTONE Structured and Open EnvironmentSTP Shielded Twisted PairSTP Signal Transfer PointSTP Spanning Tree ProtocolSTP Straight Through ProcessingSTR Suspend To RAMSTR Synchronous Transmitter ReceiverSTRIDE Spoofing, Tampering, Repudiation, Information disclosure, Denial of service, Elevation of privilegeSTRIP Starmode Radio IP


STRT Start InitializationSTS Semi-Thue-SystemSTS Station to Station ProtocolSTS Synchronous Transfer/Transport SignalSTT Secure Transaction TechnologySTT Spin Torque Transfer (RAM)STU Schere-Tippex-Uhu (-Verfahren)STUN Simple Traversal of UDP through NATSTUSS Simply Time-consuming Unsolicited Superfluous Speaking (Slang)STX Start of TextSU Switching UnitSUB SubaddressingSUB Substitute/SubstitutabilitySUB Systemunabhängige BetriebsführungstechnikSUDS Software Update and Distribution SystemSUG Sun User GroupSUIT Simple User Interface ToolkitSUM Simple User ModelSUMR Satellite User Mapping RegisterSUN Stanford University NetworkSUPL Secure User PlaneSURANET Southeastern Universities Research Association NetworkSURE Scalability, Usability, Reliability, EconomySUS Single UNIX SpecificationSUS Software Update Services (Microsoft)SUSP System Use Sharing ProtocolSUTP Screened Unshielded Twisted PairSUUG Soviet UNIX User GroupSV StandortverteilerSVAPI Scan View APISVC Supervisor CallSVC Switched Virtual Call/Channel/Circuit/ConnectionSVCC Switched Virtual Channel ConnectionSVCD Super Video Compact DiscSVD Simultaneous Voice and DataSVD Single Value DecompositionSVF Simple Vector FormatSVG Scalable Vector GraphicsSVGA Super Video Graphics ArraySVHS Super Video Home System

421

SVID Unix System V Interface DefinitionSVM Support Vector MachineSVN Subversion (a Version Control System)SVP Scan-line Video ProcessorSVPN Secure Virtual Private NetworkSVR Session-based Virtual RouteSVR4 UNIX System V Release 4SVV Segment Variability ValueSVVS UNIX System V Validation SuiteSW schwarz-weissSW Short WaveSW SoftwareSW Status WordSWAN Secure Wide Area NetworkSWAP Shared Wireless Application ProtocolSWAT Samba Web Administration ToolSWB Software BusSWBG Subtract With Borrow (random number) GeneratorSWERC South Western Europe Regional (ACM Programming) ContestSWF Scheduled WorkflowSWF Shockwave Flash (File Format)SWF Short Wave FadingSWF Small Web File/FormatSWF Staff Working FileSWF Surface Wave FieldSWIB Suchdienst Wissenschaftliche BibliothekenSWIFT Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial TelecommunicationsSWIFT Software Implemented Fault ToleranceSWIFT System for Wireless Information Forwarding and TeledistributingSWIM Super Wozniak Integrated MachineSWING Subscriber Wireless Network GatewaySWISH Simple Web Indexing System for HumansSWIW So Weit Ich Weiss (AFAIK) (Slang)SWL Short Wave Laser/ListenerSWP Semantic Web PublishingSWP Semi-orthogonal Wavelet PacketSWP Shortest Widest PathSWP Simple Web PrintingSWP Single-Wafer ProcessingSWP Software Package/Program


SWP Surface Wave PropagationSWP Swap (file, partition)SWP Swisscom WorkplaceSWR Standing Wave RatioSWS Scientific WorkstationSWS Silly Window SyndromSWT Shockwave TemplateSWT SoftwaretechnikSWT Standard Widget ToolkitSX SimplexSXE Safe Execution EnvironmentSXGA Super Extended Graphics ArraySXXM Unextended Numbering Set ModeSYLK Symbolic Link Format (Microsoft)SYN Synchonizing SegmentSYN Synchronous IdleSYSOP System Operator

T Telecomm, Telephone, Terminal, Text, TimeT TaktleitungT Transmit DataTA Terminaladapter, Informationstechnische AnschlussdoseTA Traffic AnnouncementTA Transmitter AddressTAB TabulatorTAB Technical Advisory BoardTABD Transatlantic Business DialogueTABYAS Thinking All But You Are Stupid (Slang)TAC Terminal Access Control/ControllerTAC Transparent Audio CodingTAC Type Approval CodeTACACS Terminal Access Controller Access Control SystemTACC Texas Advanced Computing Center, USATACS Total Access CommunicationsTAD Telephone Answering DeviceTADS Text Adventure Development SystemTAE Telekommunikations-Anschluss-EinheitTAFN That’s All For Now (Slang)TAG Technology Advisors Group

423

TAG Text And GraphicsTAG Tiny AggregationTAGC Tag Close DelimiterTAI Temps Atomique InternationalTAL TeilnehmeranschlussleitungTAL Template Attribute LanguageTALES Template Attribute Language Expression SyntaxTAM Telefon, Anrufbeantworter, ModemTAM Telephone Answering MachineTAN Total Area NetworkTAN Transaction NumberTANJ There Ain’t No Justice (Slang)TANSTAAFLThere Ain’t No Such Things As A Free Lunch (Slang)TAO Telephony Application ObjectTAO The ACE ORBTAO Track At OnceTAO Traduction Assistee par OrdinateurTAOCP The Art Of Computer Programming (D. Knuth)TAP Telcom Advantage PackagingTAP Telecator Alphanumeric ProtocolTAP Terminal Access PointTAP Test Access PortTAPI Telephony Application Programming Interface (Intel, Microsoft)TAPR Tucson Amateur Packet Radio GroupTAR Tape Archive (Format)TARFU Things Are Really Fouled Up (Slang)TAS Telephone Answering ServiceTASI Time-Assignment Speech InterpolationTAU Test Access UnitTAV Test, Analyse, Verifikation (von Software)TAXI Transparent Asynchronous Transceiver InterfaceTBB Threading Building Blocks (Intel)TBC Time Base CorrectorTBETSI Technischer Beirat für Normungsfragen des ETSITBF Technisch betriebliche FunktionsbedingungenTBH To Be Honest (Slang)TBL Technik für BetriebslenkungTBL Tim Berners-LeeTBO Total Benefits of OwnershipTBRPF Topology dissemination Based on Reverse Path Forwarding


TBT Truncated Binary TreeTC Technical Committee/CorrigendumTC TelecineTC Transform CodingTC Transmission Control/ConvergenceTC Treatment CodeTC Trust CenterTCA Telecommunications Carrier AssociationTCA Tightly Coupled ArchitectureTCA Traffic Conditioning AgreementTCAP Transaction Capability Application PartTCB Trouble Came BackTCB Trusted Computer/Computing BaseTCCC IEEE Technical Committee on Computer CommunicationsTCE Transmission Control ElementTCF Transparent Computing FacilityTCFS Transparent Cryptographic File SystemTCG Trusted Computing GroupTCH Traffic ChannelTCI Tag Control InformationTCIF Telecommunications Industry Forum, USATCL Tool Command LanguageTCM Terminal Controller ModuleTCM Time Compression MultiplexingTCM Trellis Code ModulationTCMP Tightly Coupled Multiprocessor SystemTCNG Traffic Control Next GenerationTCNS Thomas Conrad Networking SystemTCO Tjänstemännens Centralorganisation (Schweden)TCO Total Cost of OwnershipTCOS IEEE Technical Committee on Operating SystemsTCP Tape Carrier PackageTCP TeX Code PageTCP Transmission Control Protocol/Program (Internet)TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, TCP/IP (Internet)TCPA Time of Closest Point of ApproachTCPA Trusted Computing Platform Alliance/ArchitectureTCQ Tagged Command QueuingTCR Telephone Conversation RecordTCS Telephony Control Specification

425

TCS Terminating Call ScreeningTCSB Traffic Control State BlockTCSEC Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (Orange Book)TCT The Coroner’s ToolkitTCU Transmission Control UnitTCW Tagged Control WordTD Transmit DataTDA Tactile Digital AssaistantTDA Telediffusion d’AlgerieTDA Temporal Data AuthorityTDA Terminal Data AdapterTDA To Do ArchiveTDA Tracking and Data AcquisitionTDA Traffic Data AcquisitionTDA Transition Data AnalysisTDA Transmitted/Transported DataTDA Tunnel Diode AmplifierTDAB Terrestrial Digital Audio Broadcasting, T-DABTDAC Time Domain Aliasing CancellationTDB Trivial Data BaseTDC Transparent/Tranportation Data ChannelTDCC Transportation Data Coordinating CommitteeTDD Telecommunication Device for the DeafTDD Time Division DuplexTDDSG TeledienstedatenschutzgesetzTDDSGDVOTeledienstedatenschutzgesetzdurchführungsverordnungTDE Telescript Development EnvironmentTDES Triple Data Encryption StandardTDF Telediffusion de FranceTDF Telemetry/Tracking Data FormatterTDF Time Division/Domain FilteringTDF Title/Trace/Typeface Definition File/FormatTDF Transaction Data FileTDF Transborder/Transnational Data FlowTDF Transformada De FourierTDG Telekommunikations-Dienst-Gesetz, TeledienstegesetzTDHS Time Domain Harmonic ScalingTDI Transport Driver InterfaceTDL Trusted Devices ListTDM Time Division Multiplexer/Multiplexing


TDMA Time Division Multiple/Multiplex AccessTDMF Transparent Data Migration FacilityTDP Tag Distribution ProtocolTDP Thermal/Typical Design PowerTDR Time Domain Reflectometer/ReflectometryTDRS Tracking and Data Relay SatelliteTDS TeX Directory StructureTDSR Transmitter Data Service RequestTDSV Telekommmunikations-Datenschutz-VerordnungTDT Terrestrial Dynamic TimeTDU Topology Database UpdateTDX Time Domain CrosstalkTE Terminal EquipmentTE Traffic EngineeringTE Type EnforcementTEA Tiny Encryption AlgorithmTEB Thread Environment BlockTECO Tape/Text Editor and CorrectorTED Telefonischer ErmittlungsdienstTEGFET Two-dimensional Electron Gas Field Effect TransistorTEHO Tail End Hop OffTEI Terminal Endpoint IdentifierTEI Text Encoding and InterchangeTEI Text Encoding InitiativeTEI Transport Error IndicatorTEL Trans Europe LineTELEX Telegraph Exchange (Fernschreiben)TELNET Telecommunications NetworkTEMEX Telemetry ExchangeTEMPE Telecommunications and Enterprise Multimedia Platform EnvironmentTEN Trans European NetworkTEP Transequatorial PropagationTER Terminal InterfaceTET Test Environment ToolkitTETRA Trans European/Terrestrial Trunked Radio (System)TF Task ForceTF Term FrequencyTF TrägerfrequenzTFA Transparent File AccessTFB Terminal Framing Bit/Bits

427

TFB Thin Film BatteryTFB Time Frequency BusTFC Thermal Fly-height ControlTFC Traffic ChannelTFD Thin Film DiodeTFDD Text File Device DriverTFE TürfreisprecheinrichtungTFEL Thin Film ElectroluminescentTFH Text File/Files from Hell (Slang)TFH Thanks For Helping (Slang)TFH Thin Film HeadTFM TeX Font MetricTFN Tribe Flood NetworkTFS Translucent File System (Sun)TFT Thin Film Transistor (Display)TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol (Internet)TFTS Terrestrial Flight Telephone SystemTFTT Thanks For The Thought (Slang)TG TargetTG Transmission GroupTGAL Think Globally, Act Locally (Slang)TGB Tres Grande BibliothequeTGIF Thank God It’s Friday (Slang)TGM Timetable Generation ModuleTGN Thesaurus of Geographic NamesTGN Transmission Group NumberTGS Ticket Granting Server/ServiceTGT Ticket Granting TicketTH Transmission HeaderTH Trouble HistoryTHD Technische Hochschule Darmstadt (jetzt TUD), DeutschlandTHP Tomlinson Harashima PrecoderTHT Through Hole TechnologyTHT Token Hold/Holding Time/TimerTHWLAIAS The Hour Was Late, And I Am Senile (Slang)THX Thanks (Slang)THX Tomlinson Holman’s ExperimentTI Tele ImmersionTI Texas Instruments Inc.TI Transaction Identifier


TIA Telecommunications Industries AssociationTIA Thanks In Advance (Slang)TIA Totally Integrated AutomationTIAM Terminal Interactive Access MethodTIB Tag Information BaseTIB Technische Informationsbibliothek, HannoverTIC Token Ring Interface CouplerTIC Tongue In Cheek (Slang)TICF Transport Independent Convergence for FNATID Target IdentifierTIDSV Telekommunikations- und Informationsdienstunternehmen-DatenschutzverordnungTIE Time Interval ErrorTIES Telecom Information Exchange Services, GenfTIES Time-Independent Escape SequenceTIF Tag Image FormatTIFF Tag/Tagged Image File FormatTIG Terminal Internet GatewayTIGA Texas Instruments Graphics ArchitectureTIL Technical Information LibraryTIM Thermal Interface MaterialTIM Traffic Indication Map/MessageTINAR This Is Not A Recommendation/Review (Slang)TINC There Is No Cabal (Slang)TINS This Is No Shit (Slang)TINWIS That Is Not What I Said (Slang)TIP Technology Integration ProgramTIP Terminal IMPTIP Terminal Interface ProcessorTIP Terminal Internet ProtocolTIP Transputer Image ProcessingTIPC Telecommunications Information Privacy CodeTIPC Total Information ProcessingTIPC Transparent Inter Process CommunicationTIPC Transputer Image ProcessingTIPHON Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization over NetworksTIRPC Transport Independent Remote Procedure CallTISE Take It Somewhere Else (Slang)TK TelekommunikationTKG TelekommunikationsgesetzTKIP Temporal Key Integrity Protocol

429

TKO TelekommunikationsordnungTKÜV Telekommunikations-ÜberwachungsverordnungTKV Telekommunikations-KundenschutzverordnungTKZULV TelekommunikationszulassungsverordnungTL Transport LayerTLA Temporal Logic of ActionsTLA Three Letter AcronymTLA Top Level AggregatorTLAB Translation Look Aside BufferTLAP Token Talk Link Access ProtocolTLB Translation Look Aside BufferTLC Target Language CompilerTLD Top Level DomainTLDP The Linux Documentation ProjectTLER Time Limited Error RecoveryTLGE The Little Golem EditorTLH Top Level HierarchyTLI Transport/Transfer Layer/Library InterfaceTLK Trusted Linux KernelTLM Telemetry (word)TLN Telephone/Transfer Line NumberTLN Terminal Location NumberTLN The Learning/Library/Local NetworkTLN Too Late Now (Slang)TLN Transnational Learning NetworkTLN Trunk Line NetworkTLNKG Teilnehmerkennung (NUI)TLQ Top Letter QualityTLS Transport Layer SecurityTLS Three Level SchedulingTLT Teaching, Learning, and TechnologyTLT Temporal Logic of TransitionsTLU Table LookupTLV Tag, Length, ValueTM Tape/Trade MarkTM Terminal MultiplexerTM Test ModeTM Traffic ManagementTM Transaction MonitorTM Turing Machine


TMA Telecom ManagementTMA Telecommunication Managers’ AssociationTMA Telekom MalaysiaTMA Thinfilm Micromirror ArrayTMA Timeseries Moving AverageTMA Tivoli Management AgentTMA Trusted Mail AgentTMAC Telex Multimedia Audio CommunicationTMAC Tool Monitor Adaptive ControlTMC Traffic Message ChannelTMD Time Division MultiplexingTMDS Transition Minimized Differential SignalTME Tetra MeldeempfängerTME Tivoli Management EnvironmentTMG TelemediengesetzTMM Testing Maturity ModelTMN Telecom Managed NetworkTMN Telecommunications Management NetworkTMO Thermal Magnetic OpticalTMP TemporaryTMR Triple Modular RedundancyTMR Tunnel/Tunneling MagnetoresistanceTMRC Tech Model Railroad ClubTMS Truth Maintenance SystemTMSI Temporary Mobile Subscriber IdentityTMSL Test and Measurement Systems LanguageTMTO Time Memory Trade OffTMTOWTDIThere’s More Than One Way To Do It (Slang)TN TelNetTN Twisted Nematic (panel)TNA Temex-NetzabschlussTNB TeilnehmernetzbetreiberTNB Telekommunikationsnetz-BetreiberTNC Terminal Node ControllerTND (Directie) Toezicht Netwerken en Diensten (NL)TNFEM Twisted Nematic Field Effective MaterialTNHD The New Hackers’s DictionaryTNN Transport Network NodeTNPC Taiwan New PC ConsortiumTNPP Telocator Network Paging Protocol

431

TNS Temporal Noise ShapingTNS Transparent Network SubstrateTNV Total Network VisibilityTNX Thanks (Slang)TO TimeoutTOA Type Of AddressTOC Table Of Content/ContentsTOD Time Of DayTODO (kein Akronym, to do = noch zu erledigen)TOE TCP/IP Offload EngineTOEIC Test of English for International CommunicationTOF Task Oriented FormsTOF Top of FormTOFU Text Oben, Fullquote Unten (Slang)TOI T-Online International AGTOJ Tears Of Joy (Slang)TOL T-OnlineTOM T-Online MessengerTOP Table Of PagesTOP Technical and Office ProtocolTOPFET Temperature and Overload Protected FETTOR Telex Over RadioTOR The Onion RouterTOS Tape Operating SystemTOS The/Tramiel’s Operating SystemTOS Top Of StackTOS Type Of ServiceTOUR Transport Optional Upgrade ReleaseTP Technology PreviewTP TiefpassTP Traffic ProgramTP Transaction ProcessingTP Transport ProtocolTP Turbo PASCALTP0 Transport Protocol Class 0 (OSI)TP4 Transport Protocol Class 4 (OSI)TPA Transient Program AreaTPC Transaction Processing/Performance CouncilTPC Transmit Power ControlTPDDI Twisted Pair Distributed Data Interface


TPDU Transport Protocol Data UnitTPEP Trusted Product Evaluation ProgramTPF The Perl FoundationTPF Transmission Priority FieldTPH Transport Packet HeaderTPI Tag Protocol IdentifierTPI tracks per inchTPM Terrible/Trusted Platform ModuleTPM Third Party MaintenanceTPM Transactions Per MinuteTPM Trusted Platform ModuleTPS Third Person ShooterTPS Transaction Processing SystemTPS Transactions Per SecondTPSE Transaction Processing Service ElementTPSN Timing-Sync Protocol for Sensor NetworksTPTB The Powers That Be (Slang)TPU Text Processing UtilityTPU Transparency UnitTPU Turbo PASCAL UnitTQFP Thin Quad Flat PackageTQM Total Quality ManagementTR Task RegisterTR Technische RichtlinieTR Terminal ReadyTR Token RingTR Travan CartridgeTR Travel ReportTR Trunk ReservationTRA Technology Related AnxietyTRA Telecommunications Research AssociatesTRAC Telecommunications Recommendations Application CommitteeTRAU Transcoder and Rate Adaption UnitTRC Tone Reproduction CurveTRCVR Transmitter-Receiver, TransceiverTRDMC Tears Running Down My Cheeks (Slang)TRE Telecommunications Research Establishment, Malvern, EnglandTREAT Trouble Report Evaluation and Analysis ToolTREC Text Retrieval ConferenceTRIL Token Ring Interoperability Lab

433

TRIP Telephony Routing over IPTRIPS Tera-op, Reliable, Intelligently adaptive Processing SystemTRIPS Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property RightsTRIZ Teorija Reschenija Isobretatelskich ZadatschTRMPWR Terminator Power (Leitung, SCSI)TRNG True Random Number GeneratorTROLI Token Ring Optimized Link InterfaceTRON The Realtime Operating System NucleusTRT Token Ring TerminalTRT Token Ring/Rotation Time/TimerTRX Transmitter-Receiver, TransceiverTS TelesyncTS Transport Station, Telekom ServiceTSA Target Service AgentTSA Technical Support Alliance, Test Signal AnalyserTSAP Transport Service Access Point (OSI)TSAPI Telephony Server/Service Application Programming InterfaceTSB Technical Service BulletinTSC Time Stamp CounterTSC Transport Scrambling ControlTSCC Technical Standards and Common CriteriaTSCC Technical Support Call/Contact CenterTSCC Techsmith Screen Capture CodecTSCC Terminal Server Connection ConfigurationTSCC Time Slot Control ChannelTSE Text Setup EnvironmentTSF Timing Synchronization FunctionTSM Terminal Server Manager (DEC)TSM Tivoli Storage ManagerTSO TCP Segmentation OffloadTSO Time Sharing Option (IBM)TSOHF Total Sense Of Humour Failure (Slang)TSOP Thin Small Outline PackageTSP Texture and Shading ProcessorTSP Time-Stamp ProtocolTSP Travelling Salesman ProblemTSPI Telephony Service Provider InterfaceTSPS Traffic Service Position SystemTSR Terminate and Stay ResidentTSS Task State Segment


TSS TCP Support for Sensor NetworksTSS Telecommunications Standardisation/Standards Sector (ITU)TSS Temex-SchnittstelleTSS Time Sharing SystemTSSDC Task State Segment Descriptor CacheTST Transmit Start ThresholdTSTN Triple Supertwisted NematicTSW Tele-SoftwareTSWTCM Time Sliding Window Three Colour MarkerTT Terminal TimingTT Tracing ThreadTT Trunk TypeTTAP Trust Technology Assessment ProgramTTBOMK To The Best Of My Knowledge (Slang)TTCAN Time Triggered Communications Area NetworkTTCN Testing and Test Control NotationTTF Truetype Font, Timetable FileTTFF Time To First Fix (GPS)TTFN Ta Ta For Now (Slang)TTI Teaching, Training, and InformationTTL Time To LiveTTL Transistor-Transistor-LogikTTLS Tunneled Transport Layer SecurityTTML Tagged Text Markup LanguageTTO Tactical Technology OfficeTTP Time Triggered ProtocolTTP Timed Token ProtocolTTP Trusted Third PartyTTRT Target Token Rotation Time/TimerTTS Text To SpeechTTS Transaction Tracking SystemTTT Teleteaching and TrainingTTT That’s The Truth (Slang)TTTN Tandem Tie Trunk NetworkTTU Teletex-Telex-UmsetzerTTUL Talk To You Later (Slang)TTW Through The WebTTX TeletexTTX VideotextTTXAU Teletex Access Unit

435

TTY Teletype (Fernschreiber)TTYL Type/Talk To You Later (Slang)TU Tributary UnitTUBA TCP and UDP with Big/Bigger AddressesTUD Technische Universität Darmstadt (ehemals THD), DeutschlandTUEB Temex-UebertragungsbaugruppeTUG TeX User GroupTUG Tributary Unit GroupTUHS The UNIX Heritage SocietyTUI Text/Touch User InterfaceTULIP TCP and UDP over Lightweight IPTUP Telephone User PortTUSTEP Tübinger System von TextverarbeitungsprogrammenTV TelevisionTVC Transient Virtual ChannelTVI Television InterferenceTVOL TV Online Cable ServiceTVR Temex-VermittlungsrechnerTVS Transient Voltage SuppressorTVST Teilnehmer-VermittlungsstelleTVX Valid Transmission Time/TimerTWAIN Technology Without An Interesting NameTWINKLE The Weizman Institute Key Locating EngineTWIRP Two Way Infrared ProtocolTWIU That’s What I Understand/Understood (Slang)TWSC Team World Service CenterTWX Teletypewriter Exchange ServiceTWX Twinax (Cable)TX Telex (Fernschreiben)TX transmit, TransmitterTXC Transmit ClockTXD Tranmitted DataTXD Transmitter DelayTYCLO Turn Your Caps Lock Off (Slang)TYVM Thank You Very Much (Slang)

U Ultra-, Uniform, Universal, Unix, UserUA Unnumbered Acknowledgement (frame)UA User Area/Agent (OSI)


UA Upgrade AdvantageUAA Universally Administered AddressUAAC University Academic Advising Center, USAUAC Unbalanced Asynchronous ClassUAC User Account ControlUAE Universelle AnschlusseinrichtungUAE Unrecoverable Application ErrorUAF User Authorization FileUAM User Authentication Method/ModuleUAP Upper Address Part (Bluetooth)UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver TransmitterUAWG Universal ADSL Working GroupUBB Unified Back BufferUBC Unified Buffer CacheUBC University of British ColumbiaUBE Unsolicited Bulk Electronic MailUBH Union de Bloggers HispanosUBH Universität der Bundeswehr HamburgUBH Universitätsbibliothek HeidelbergUBH Usenet Binary HarvesterUBHR User Block Handling RoutineUBK Universitätsbibliothek KarlsruheUBR Unspecified/Undefined Bit RateUC Ubiquitous ComputingUC Universal CodeUC Upper CaseUCAID University Corporation for Advanced Internet DevelopmentUCAR University Corporation for Atmospheric ResearchUCB University of California at Berkeley, USAUCD Uniform Call DistributorUCD Univention Corporate DesktopUCE Unsolicited Commercial Electronic MailUCF Unregister ConfirmationUCFS Unix Connectivity File ServiceUCI Universal Chess InterfaceUCIR User Controlled Interactive RetrievalUCITA Uniform Computer Information Transaction ActUCL Universal Communications LanguageUCL University College LondonUCLA University of California at Los Angeles, USA

437

UCO Unstructured Complex ObjectUCR Undercolor RemovalUCS Uniform Chromaticity ScaleUCS Univention Corporate ServerUCS Universal Card SlotUCS Universal Character Set (ISO 10646)UCSB University of California at Santa Barbara, USAUCSC University of California at Santa Cruz, USAUCSD University of California at San Diego, USAUCSF University of California at San Francisco, USAUDB Universal DatabaseUDC User Defined CommandUDDI Universal Description, Discovery and IntegrationUDF Uniqueness Database FileUDF Universal Disk FormatUDF User Defined FunctionUDI Unified Display/Driver InterfaceUDI Universal Document IdentifierUDI Unrestricted Digital InformationUDK Universale DezimalklassifikationUDLC Universal Data Link ControlUDLI Unified Design Language for Integrated Circuits, UDL/IUDM UnternehmensdatenmodellUDMA Ultra Direct Memory AccessUDO Ultra Density Optical (storage, disc)UDP Usenet Death Penalty (Slang)UDP User Datagram Protocol (Internet)UDP User Defined ProtocolUDRP Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (ICANN)UDSL Unidirectional/Universal Digital Subscriber LineUDSV Teledienst-Unternehmen-Datenschutz-VerordnungUDT User Defined DatatypeUE Unterhaltungs-ElektronikUEB Übertragungseinheit mit BasisbandverfahrenUEC User Environment ComponentUED Unreal Tournament EditorUED URL Encoded DataUED User Environment DesignUED User Experience Database/DirectoryUEFI Unified Extensible Firmware Interface


UEG Übertragungseinheit nach ITU G.703UEI Übertragungseinheit nach ITU I.430UEM Übertragungseinheit mit ModemverfahrenUEM Universal Energy ManagementUEP ÜbergabepunktUEP Unequal Error ProtectionUERE User Equivalent Range Error (GPS)UEV User End of VolumeUFC Ubiquitous Fashionable ComputerUFC Unified File CacheUFC URL Filter ClientUFC User Filtered ContentUFS Ultra Fast SwitchingUFS Universal/UNIX File SystemUFS Universal Flash StorageUG Underrun GoalUG User GroupUGL Universal Glyph ListUGS Univention Groupware ServerUHC Unified Hangul CodeUHCI Universal Host Controller InterfaceUHD User Help DeskUHF Ultrahigh Frequency (300 MHz – 3 GHz)UHG Ultrahigh Gain (Antenna)UHL User Header LabelUHN Unique Home NodeUI UNIX InternationalUI Unnumbered Information (frame)UI User InterfaceUIAP UNIX International Asia/PacificUIC User Identification CodeUIC User Interface ClassesUID Unique/Unix/User IdentifierUIDL Unique Identifier ListingUIFRAME Unnumbered Information FrameUIL User Interface LanguageUIM User Interface ManagementUIML User Interface Markup LanguageUIMS User Interface Management SystemUIO Userspace Input Output

439

UIPI User Interface Privilege IsolationUIS User Interface SpecificationUIT Union Internationale des TelecommunicationsUKW UltrakurzwelleUL Underwriters’ Laboratory, Inc.UL UploadUL Urban Legend (Slang)ULA Uncommitted Logic ArrayULA Unique Local AddressULD Unabhängiges Landeszentrum für Datenschutz, KielULCPC Ultra Low Cost Personal ComputerUIN Unbreakable Linux NetworkUIN Unique Identification NumberUIN Universal Internet NumberULN Universal Link NegotiationULP Unit in the Last PlaceULP Upper Layer ProtocolULSI Ultra Large Scale IntegrationULSN Ultra Low Speed NetworkingULV Ultra Low VoltageUM Unified MessagingUMA Unified/Uniform Memory Access/ArchitectureUMA Universal Management ArchitectureUMA Unlicensed Mobile AccessUMA Upper Memory AreaUMAC Universal Hashing Message Authentication CodeUMB Upper Memory BlockUMD Universal Media Disc (Sony)UMI User MAN InterfaceUMIT University of Manchester Institute of Technology, UKUMIT Utilities, Municipalities, and Independent TelcosUML Unified Modeling LanguageUML User Mode LinuxUMM Unidirectional Multipoint to MultipointUMM Unix Macro MagicianUMPC Ultra Mobile Personal ComputerUMS Unified Messaging SystemUMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications SystemUN Unbalanced NormalUN United Nations


UNA Upstream Neighbour AddressUNC Unbalanced Normal ClassUNC Uncorrectable (error)UNC Unique/Universal Naming ConventionUNC University of North Carolina, USAUNDI Universal Network Device InterfaceUNGTDI UN Guidelines for Trade Data InterchangeUNI User Network InterfaceUNICOM Universal Integrated Communication SystemUNICORE Uniform Interface to Computing ResourcesUNICOS UNIX-based Cray Operating SystemUNII Unlicensed National Information InfrastructureUNIVAC Universal Automatic ComputerUNIX (kein Akronym, not an acronym)UNMA Unified Network Management ArchitectureUNO Universal Network ObjectsUNSW University of New South Wales, AustraliaUP Unambiguous nondeterministic Polynomial timeUP Unnumbered PollUP User PlaneUPA Ultra Port Architecture (Sun)UPA Usability Professionals AssociationUPC Universal Printer ControllerUPC Universal Product CodeUPC Usage/User Parameter ControlUPE User Portability ExtensionUPGS Unfinished Project Guilt SyndromeUPI United Press InternationalUPI Universal Peripheral InterfaceUPI Upper Prediction IntervalUPL User Program LanguageUPM Unidirectional Point to MultipointUPM User Profile Management (IBM)UPN Umgekehrte Polnische Notation, RPNUPNP Universal Plug and PlayUPP Unidirectional Point to PointUPPS Universal Portable Protocol StackUPS Uninterruptable Power Supply, USVUPT Universal Personal Telecommunication (service)URA Uniform Resource Agent

441

URC Uniform Resource Characterictics/CitationURD URL Rendezvous DirectoryURGC Uniform Reliable Group Communication ProtocolURI Uniform/Universal Resource IdentifierURJ Unregister RejectURL Universal/Uniform Resource Locator (Internet)URM Unbegrenzte RegistermaschineURM Universal Retention ModuleURN Uniform Resource Name/NumberURQ Unregister RequestURSI Union Radio-Scientifique InternationaleUS Unit SeparatorUSAN University Satellite NetworkUSART Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver TransmitterUSB Universal Serial BusUSB Upper Side BandUSC University of Southern CaliforniaUSDC US Display ConsortiumUSF Uplink State FlagUSFF Ultra Slim Form FactorUSG UNIX Support/System Group (Novell)USIA US Information AgencyUSIM Universal Subscriber Identification/Identity ModuleUSK UnterhaltungssoftwareselbstkontrolleUSKA Union Schweizer KurzwellenamateureUSL UNIX System Laboratories (AT&T, Novell)USLE UNIX System Laboratories EuropeUSM User-based Security ModelUSN Update Sequence NumberUSO UNIX Software OperationUSOC Uniform Service Order CodeUSRP Universal Software Radio PeripheralUSRT Universal Synchronous Receiver TransmitterUSSA Universal Storage System ArchitectureUSSD Unstructured Supplementary Service DataUSTA US Telephone AssociationUSV Unterbrechungsfreie Stromversorgung, UPSUSW Ultra Short WaveUT Universal Terminal/TimeUTC Unicode Technical Committee


UTC Universal Time CoordinatedUTDOA Uplink Time Difference Of ArrivalUTF Unicode Transformation Format (UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-32)UTI Universal Text InterchangeUTL User Trailer LabelUTLB Unified TLBUTMA Ultra Thin Client Multiple AccessUTNET University of Texas NetworkUTP Universal Personal Telephone ServiceUTP Unshielded Twisted PairUTRA UMTS Terrestrial Radio AccessUTRAN UMTS Radio Access NetworkUTSL Use The Source, Luke (Slang)UUCP UNIX to UNIX Copy Program/ProtokollUUID Unique Universal Identifier (DCE)UUID Universally Unique IdentifierUULP Unified User Level ProtocolUUS User to User SignallingUUU Unknown UNIX User (J. Random Hacker?)UV UltraviolettUVC USB Video ClassUVD Unified Video DecoderUVL User Volume LabelUVP Under-Voltage ProtectionUWB Ultra Wide BandUWG Gesetz gegen den unlauteren WettbewerbUWM Universal Window ManagerUX Unix (all kinds, BSD + Linux incl.)UXGA Ultra Extended Graphics Array

V Value, Video, VirtualV24 V.24(CCITT-Norm für eine serielle Schnittstelle)V4FSL System V Release 4 File System LayoutVA Vertical Alignment (panel)VA Virtual AddressVA VolladdiererVA Vulnerability AssessmentVAB Value Added BusinessVACM View-based Access Control Model

443

VAD Value Added Driver/Disaster/DealerVAD Value Assignment DelayVAD Voice Activity Detection/DetectorVADCG Vancouver Amateur Digital Communications GroupVADD Value Added Disk DriverVADE View, Add, Delete, EditVADER View, Add, Delete, Edit, RestoreVADS Value Added Data ServiceVADSL Very High Rate Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber LineVAFC VESA Advanced Feature ConnectorVAL Voice Application LanguageVAM Verband der Anbieter von Mobilfunkdiensten, BonnVAM Virtual Access MethodVAN Value Added NetworkVANS Value Added Network ServicesVAP Value Added ProcessVAP Virtual Access PointVAR Value Added Reseller/RetailerVAS Value Added ServiceVASCOM Value Added Services Network CommunicationVAST Vector and Array Syntax TranslatorVAT Video/Visual Audio ToolVATM Verband der Anbieter von Telekommunikations- und MehrwertdienstenVATP Velazquez Application Transfer ProtocolVAX Virtual Address Extension (DEC)VB Variable BlockVB VESA BusVB Virtual BeerVB Visual BasicVBA Visual BASIC for Applications (Microsoft)VBE VESA BIOS ExtensionsVBFS Very Big File SystemVBG Very Big Grin (Slang)VBL Vertical BlankingVBN Vermittelndes/Vermitteltes/Vorläufer Breitbandnetz (Telekom)VBNS Very High Performance/Speed Backbone/Broadband Network ServiceVBR Variable Bit Rate (Encoding)VBR-NRT Variable Bit Rate - No Real TimeVBR-RT Variable Bit Rate - Real TimeVBS Verteiltes Betriebssystem


VBS Visual Basic ScriptVC Virtual Call/Circuit/Channel/Connection/ContainerVCA Voltage Controlled AmplifierVCC Virtual Channel ConnectionVCCI Voluntary Control Council for InterferencesVCD Video Compact DiscVCD Virtual Communications DriverVCEG Video Coding Experts GroupVCF Voltage Controlled FilterVCI Virtual Channel Identifier/IndicatorVCK Virtueller Campus KarlsruheVCL Video Coding LayerVCL Virtual Channel LinkVCL Visual Computing LibraryVCLF Virtual (host) Common Logfile FormatVCM Virtual Channel MemoryVCO Voltage Controlled OscillatorVCPI Virtual Control Programm InterfaceVCR Video Cassette/Conference RecorderVCS Virtueller Campus SchweizVCS Version/Virus Control SystemVCSC Virtual Campus Supercomputing CenterVCSEL Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting LaserVCSIP Videotex Communication System for Information ProvidersVCU Voice Communication UnitVCX Virtual Component ExchangeVD Voice + Data, V+DVD Volume DescriptorVDC Virtual Device CoordinatesVDCW Verband der Deutschen Content WirtschaftVDD Virtual Device/Display DriverVDDM Virtual Device Driver ManagerVDOP Vertical Dilution Of PrecisionVDE Verallgemeinertes DarstellungselementVDE Verband Deutscher ElektrotechnikerVDE Video Display EditorVDE Virtual Distributed EthernetVDEW Vereinigung Deutscher ElektrizitätswerkeVDF Variable Data FileVDG Video Display Generator

445

VDI Video Display InterfaceVDI Virtual Desktop InfrastructureVDI Virtual Device InterfaceVDM Vienna Development MethodVDM Virtual DOS MachineVDMSL Vienna Development Method – Semantic LanguageVDN Virtual Data NetworkVDP Video Datagram ProtocolVDP Video Distribution ProfileVDPI Verein der Post-IngenieureVDR Video Disc RecorderVDR Voltage Dependent ResistorVDS Virtual Direct Memory Access ServiceVDSL Very High Bitrate/Data Rate Digital Subscriber LineVDSO Virtual Dynamically linked Shared ObjectVDT Video/Visual Display TerminalVDU Video/Visual Display UnitVDV Vorbestellte DauerwählverbindungVE Verbraucher-ElektronikVE VermittlungseinrichtungVE Virtual EnvironmentVE VolksempfängerVECLF Virtual (host) Extended Logfile FormatVEMM Virtual Expanded Memory ManagerVERI Virtual Environments Research Institute, HoustonVERIF VerificationVERP Variable Envelope Return PathVESA Video Electronics Standards AssociationVEX Video Extensions to XWSVF Voice FrequencyVFAT Virtual File Allocation TableVFD Vacuum Fluorescent DisplayVFH Virtuelle FachhochschuleVFIP Voice File Interchange Protocol (Internet)VFIR Very Fast InfraredVFN Vendor Feature NoteVFO Variable Frequency OscillatorVFPI Verein zur Förderung der Pädagogik der InformationstechnologieVFS Versioning File SystemVFS Virtual File System


VFSDX Verordnung für den Fernschreib- und DatexdienstVFW Video For Windows (Microsoft)VG Volume GroupVGA Vertical Grid ArrayVGA Video Graphics ArrayVGC Video Graphics ControllerVGDA Volume Group Descriptor AreaVGF Voice Grade FacilityVGNV VerkehrsgebührennachverarbeitungVGRA Volume Group Reserved AreaVGU Virtual Global UniversityVHCI Virtual Host Controller InterconnectVHD Very/Video High DensityVHD Virtual Hard Disk/Help DeskVHDCI Very High Density Cable InterconnectVHDL VHSIC Hardware Description LanguageVHDSL Very High Bit Rate/Speed Digital Subscriber LineVHE Virtual Home EnvironmentVHF Very High Frequency (30 – 300 MHz)VHLL Very High Level LanguageVHS Very High SpeedVHS Video Home SystemVHS Virtual Host StorageVHSIC Very High Speed Integrated CircuitVHSIM Very High Speed Interface ModuleVHT Verteilte Hash-TabelleVIA Vendors ISDN AssociationVIA Virtual Interface ArchitectureVIAD Video Image Area DefinitionVIB Video Interface BusVIB Virtualisierung im BildungsbereichVIBTS VTAM Integrated Bulk Data Transfer SystemVIC Video/Voice Interface Card/ControllerVID VLAN IdentifierVID Voltage IdentificationVEIL Video Encoded Invisible LightVIKAR Virtueller Hochschulverbund KarlsruheVIM Vendor Independent MessagingVINCE Vendor Independent Network Control EntityVINES Virtual Network/Networking System/Software (Banyan)

447

VIO Video/Virtual/Voltage Input OutputVIOLA Vertically Integrated Optical Testbed for Large ApplicationsVIOLD Vision Impaired On-line Documentation (DEC)VIP Variable Information ProcessingVIP Video Input ProcessorVIP Video Interface PortVIP Virtual IP (address, network)VIRIM Virtual Reality in MedicineVIROR Virtuelle Universität OberrheinVIS Voice Information System, Virtual Instruction SetVISC Video Instruction Set ComputingVISDP verantwortlich im Sinne des PressegestzesVITA VMEbus International Trade AssociationVITAL Virtually Integrated Technical Architecture Lifecycle (Apple)VJ Van Jacobsen (Compression)VJHC Van Jacobsen Header CompressionVK VideokonferenzVK VisitenkarteVK Visuelle KommunikationVKL VerkehrseinschränkungsklasseVL Virtual Life (Slang)VL Volume LocationVLA Very Large ArrayVLA Volume License AgreementVLAN Very/Virtual Local Area NetworkVLB Verzeichnis lieferbarer BücherVLB VESA Local BusVLBA Very Long Baseline ArrayVLBI Very Long Baseline InterferometryVLC Variable (word) Length CodeVLDB Very Large Data BaseVLDB Volume Location DatabaseVLDW Very Long Data WordVLF Very Low FrequencyVLF Virtual Lookaside FacilityVLI Variable Length IntegerVLIS Verkehrs-Leit und Informations-SystemVLIW Very Long Instruction WordVLM Very Large MemoryVLM Virtual Loadable Module


VLP Very Low ProfileVLR Visitor Location RegisterVLSI Very Large Scale IntegrationVLSIC Very Large Scale Integration CircuitVLSM Variable Length Subnet Mask/MaskingVM Video ModeVM Virtual Machine/MemoryVMA Virtual Memory Access/AreaVMB Video Memory BufferVMC VESA Media ChannelVMD Versatile Multilayer DiscVME Versacard Modified for Eurocard (Bus)VME Virtual Memory ExecutiveVME Virtual (8086) Mode EnhancementsVMG Video ManagerVMI Vertical Motion IndexVMI Video Module InterfaceVMI Virtual Machine InterfaceVMI VMware Machine InterfaceVML Vector Markup LanguageVML Vector Mathematical LibraryVMM Virtual Machine/Memory Manager/MonitorVMR Video Mixing RendererVMRP VLAN Membership Resolution ProtocolVMS Virtual Memory System (DEC)VMS Voice Mail/Messaging Server/SystemVMSC Visited Mobile Switching CentreVMT Virtual Memory TechniqueVMT Virtual Method TableVMTP Versatile Message Transaction Protocol (Internet)VMX Vector Multimedia ExtensionVMZ Verkehrsmanagement-Zentrum/ZentraleVNA Virtual Network ArchitectureVNC Virtual Network ComputingVNET Virtual NetworkVNL Via Net LossVNS Virtual Notebook SystemVO Virtual Object/OrganizationVO Vollzugsordnung (Funkdienst)VOB Video Object

449

VOBS Video Object SetVOBU Video Object UnitVOC Voice (File)VOC Volatile Organic CompoundVOD Video On DemandVODS Video Operators Distress SyndromVOF Vollzugsordnung für den FunkdienstVOFDM Vector Orthogonal Frequency Division MultiplexingVOFR Voice over Frame RelayVOI Verband der Optischen InformationssystemeVOIP Voice over IPVOL Volume LabelVON Video/Voice Over NetVOR VHF Omnidirectional Radio RangeVOS Virtual Operating SystemVOTS VAX OSI Transport ServiceVOX Voice Operated TransmissionVP Virtual PathVPA Virtual Proxy AgentVPC Very Personal ComputerVPC Virtual Path ConnectionVPC Virtual Personal ComputerVPD Vacuum Photo DiodeVPD Verified Pateint DataVPD Version Planning DocumentVPD Vertical Polar DiagramVPD Vertically Polarized DipoleVPD Virtual Predictive DialingVPD Virtual Printer DeviceVPD Virtual Private DatabaseVPD Virtual Product DevelopmentVPD Vital Product Data (IBM)VPD Voice Packet DriverVPD Volunteer Project DirectoryVPDN Virtual Private Data/Dialup NetworkVPDS Virtual Private Data ServiceVPE Virtual Processing ElementVPI Virtual Path Identifier/IndicatorVPL Virtual Path LinkVPL Virtual/Visual Programming Language


VPLS Virtual Private LAN/Line ServiceVPM Virtual Protocol MachineVPN Virtual Private NetworkVPNS Virtual Private Network ServiceVPO Virtual Projection OriginVPP Value Predictability PatternVPP Virtual Presence ProtocolVPP Volts Peak to PeakVPP VXI Plug + PlayVPRT Verband Privater Rundfunk und TelekommunikationVPS Verbindungsprogrammierte SteuerungVPS Video Program/Programm/Programmier-Service/SystemVPS Virtual Private ServerVPT Virtual Printing TechnologyVPU Video/Virtual/Visual/Vector/Voice Processing/Processor UnitVPV Videotex programmiert Video-RecorderVPWS Virtual Private Wire ServiceVQ Vector QuantizationVQEG Video Quality Experts GroupVQF Vector Quantization FormatVR Virtual Reality/RouteVR Voltage RegulatorVRA Vollständiger Regulärer AusdruckVRAM Video Random Access MemoryVRC Vertical Redundancy CheckVRC Viewing Reference CoordinateVRC Virtual Route ControlVRCA Virtual Reality Center AachenVRCB Virtual Route Control BlockVRD Virtual Retinal DisplayVRF Vector Register FileVRF Video Recording FormatVRID Virtual Route IdentifierVRM Variable Range MarkerVRM Voltage Regulator ModuleVRML Virtual Reality Modeling LanguageVRN Virtual Route NumberVROOMM Virtual Realtime Object-Oriented Memory ManagementVRP Viewing Reference PointVRPRQ Virtual Route Pacing Request

451

VRPRS Virtual Route Pacing ResponseVRRP Virtual Router Redundancy ProtocolVRU Voice Response UnitVRV Vorwärts-Rückwärts-VerhältnisVS Virtual StorageVSA Virtual Server ArchitectureVSA Virtual Storage AccessVSAM Virtual Storage Access MethodVSAT Very Small Aperture TerminalVSC Voice Security CardVSD Variable Speed DriveVSE Verification Support EnvironmentVSE Virtual Storage ExtendedVSF Vertical Scanning FrequencyVSI Verband der Software-Industrie Deutschlands e. V.VSI Virtual Socket Interface (Alliance)VSIS Video Signal Standard (VESA)VSK Video-Sender-KennungVSL Vienna Symphonic LibraryVSL Virtual Socket LibraryVSM Virtual Shared MemoryVSM Virtual Storage ManagementVSMO Virtual Social Memory OrganizerVSMSC Virtual Short Message CenterVSN Virtual Switched NetworkVSO Variable Speed OperationVSO Vertical Synchronization OffsetVSO VITA Standards OrganizationVSOP Very Special Old Programmer (like me)VSOS Virtual Storage Operating SystemVSPW Vertical Synchronization Pulse WidthVST VermittlungsstelleVST Voltage Settling TimeVSWR Voltage Standing Wave RatioVSX Verification Suite for X/OpenVSYNC Vertical Synchronization (signal)VT Vanderpool Technology (Intel)VT Vertical TabulatorVT Video/Virtual TerminalVT Visualization Tool


VTAM Virtual Terminal/Telecommunications Access MethodVTB Video Timing BlockVTC Vertical Transistor CellVTC Video Teleconference CenterVTCO Virtual Terminal Control ObjectVTM Verband der Telekommunikationsnetz- und Mehrwertdiensteanbieter, KölnVTOA Voice and Telephony Over ATMVTOC Volume Table Of ContentsVTOS Virtual Time Operating SystemVTP Virtual Terminal ProtocolVTS Video Title SetVTS Virtual Tape/Terminal Server/Service/SupportVTS Voucher Trading SystemVTSU Virtual Terminal SupportVU Volume Unit (Lautstärke)VUD Verband der Unterhaltungssoftware DeutschlandVUE Visual User EnvironmentVUEN Virtual University Education NetworkVUI Video User InterfaceVUIT Visual User Interface Tool (DEC)VUP VAX Unit of PerformanceVUP Version UpgradeVV VersorgungsvereinbarungVV Virtual VirtualityVVL Verbund Virtuelles LaborVVPAT Voter Verified Paper Audit TrailVWM Virtual Warehouse ManagerVXD Virtual Device Driver (Microsoft)VXE VESA XGA ExtensionsVXFS VERITAS File SystemVXI VME Extensions for InstrumentationVZFDPBDK Verein zur Förderung der privat betriebenen Daten-Kommunikation e. V.

W Wide, Window, Wireless, WorldW3 WWW, World Wide Web (Internet)W3C World Wide Web ConsortiumWAA Wavelet Analysis and its ApplicationsWAA Web Analytics AssociationWAA Web Application Adaptor

453

WAA Wireless Advertising AssociationWAAS Wide Area Augmentation SystemWAB What Another Bill (Slang)WABI Windows Application Binary InterfaceWACK Wait AcknowledgementWACS Wireless Access Communications SystemWAD Wählautomat für DatenverbindungenWADFS Wide Area Distributed File SystemWAE Worked All EuropeWAENA Wide Area Educational NetworkWAF Web Application FirewallWAF Womens’ Acceptance FactorWAFL Write Anywhere File LayoutWAI Web Accessibility InitiativeWAIK Windows Automated Installation ToolkitWAIS Wide Area Information Servers/ServiceWAITS Wide Area Information Transfer SystemWAL Write Ahead LoggingWAM Warren Abstract MachineWAM Wide Amplitude ModulationWAMKSAM Why Are My Kids Staring At Me? (Slang)WAMP Windows, Apache, MySQL, PHPWAMPUM Ward’s Automated Menu Package Using MicrocomputersWAN Wide Area NetworkWAO Warteschlange der ablaufbereiten ObjekteWAP Wireless Application ProtocolWAP Wissenschaftlicher ArbeitsplatzWAPECS Wireless Access Policy for Electronic Communication ServicesWAPI Wireless Authentication and Privacy InfrastructureWARC World Administrative Radio ConferenceWASP Web Standards ProjectWATS Wide Area Telephone/Telecommunications ServiceWATTC World Administrative Telegraph and Telephone ConferenceWAWA Work Anywhere With AnybodyWB Welcome Back (Slang)WB Write BackWBA Wireless Broadband AccessWBC Web Based CommunicationWBC Wide Band ChannelWBEM Web Based Enterprise Management


WBM Web Based ManagementWBRC Württembergisch-Badischer RadioclubWBT Web Based TrainingWBT Windows Based TerminalWC Workgroup ComputingWC World CoordinateWC Worst CaseWCAG Web Content Accessibility GuidelinesWCF Waveguide Cavity FilterWCF Weather/Wireless Communications FacilityWCF Web Component FrameworkWCF Windows Communication FoundationWCF Word Class FunctionWCCP Web Cache Coordination ProtocolWCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple AccessWCE Write Cache EnableWCMS Web Content Management SystemWCP Worst Current PracticeWCPN Wireless Customer Premises NetworkWCS Wireless Control SystemWCS Writable Control StoreWCT WIPO Copyright TreatyWD Western DigitalWDA WahldiensteanbieterWDDM Windows Display Driver ModelWDM Wavelength Division Multiplexer/MultiplexingWDM Windows Driver ModelWDS Wireless Distribution SystemWDSL Wireless Digital Subscriber LineWDYMBT What Do You Mean By That (Slang)WDYS What Did You Say (Slang)WDT Watchdog TimerWE Write EnableWEB Workshop on E-BusinessWEB World Entertainment BroadcastingWEB (short for:) World Wide Web, WWWWEBDAV Web Document Authoring And VersioningWEEB Western European EDIFACT BoardWEEE Waste of Electrical and Electronic EquipmentWEFT Web Embedding Fonts Tool (Microsoft)

455

WELL Whole Earth ’Lectronic LinkWEP Wired/Wireless Equipment/Equivalent Privacy/ProtocolWF WorkflowWFA Wi-Fi AllianceWFG Wait For GraphWFM Wide Frequency ModulationWFM Wired for ManagementWFM Works For Me (and no one else)WFMC Workflow Management CoalitionWFMS Workflow Management SystemWFP Wait for First PacketWFP Well Formed PathWFP Windows File ProtectionWFQ Weighted Fair QueuingWFS Woodstock File ServerWFW Windows For Workgroups (Microsoft)WG Working Group (ISO)WGA Windows Genuine AdvantageWGDTB Working Group on Digital Television BroadcastingWGIG Working Group on Internet Governance (ITU)WGS Work Group SystemWGS World Geodetic System (WGS84)WHAK With Hugs And Kisses (Slang)WHNF Weak Head Normal FormWHQL Windows Hardware Quality LabWIA Windows Image AcquisitionWIBNI Would It Be Nice If (Slang)WIC Wireless Indoor CommunicationWILD Wireless Interactive Learning DeviceWIMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave AccessWIMP Windows, Icons, Menus/Mice, Pointing (s. a. MUFF)WIMPS Windows, Icons, Menus/Mice, Pointing, Scroll barsWIMRE Wenn Ich Mich Recht Erinnere (Slang)WIN Wireless Inhouse NetworkWIN Wissenschaftsnetz des DFN (X.25)WINS Windows Internet Name Service (Microsoft)WINS Wireless Integrated Network SensorWIP Work In Progress (Slang)WIPO World Intellectual Property OrganizationWIS Windows Installer Service


WISOA WIMAX Spectrum Owners AllianceWISP Wireless Internet Service ProviderWKS Well Known Service/Socket (Internet)WL Wear LevelingWLAN Wireless Local Area NetworkWLANA Wireless LAN AssociationWLBS Windows Load Balancing ServiceWLL Wireless Local LoopWLM Workload ManagerWM Window ManagerWMA Windows Media AudioWMAN Wireless Metropolitan Area NetworkWMD Web Media DevelopersWMD Windows Media Device/DownloadWMD World Mail DirectoryWMD WYSIWYM Markdown (language, editor)WMDRM Windows Media Digital Rights ManagementWME Windows Media EncoderWMF Windows Media/Metafile FormatWMI Windows Management Interface/InstrumentationWML Wireless Markup LanguageWMM Wi-Fi MultimediaWMN Wireless Mesh NetworkWMR Wireless Meshing RouterWMRS Write Me Real Soon (Slang)WMS Wide Area Master StationWMT Windows Media TechnologiesWMV Windows Media VideoWNIC WAN Interface CoprocessorWNIM WAN Interface ModuleWNP Weissbier Networking Protocol (Microhopf)WNPP Work-Needing and Prospective Package (Debian)WOA Web Object ApplicationWOCNRA Wobble Signal to Noise Ration after RecordingWOD Web Object DefinitionWOK Wake On KeyboardWOL Wake On LANWOL Window Object LibraryWOLF Weak Signal Operation for Low FrequencyWOM Wake On Modem

457

WOM Write-Only-MemoryWOMBAT Waste Of Money, Brains, And Time (Slang)WOP Werkstattorientierte ProgrammierungWORM Write Once, Read Many/MultipleWOS Web Object ScriptWOS Web/Workplace/Workstation Operating SystemWOS Webserver On StickWOS Windows Open ServicesWOS Wireless Office Services/Solutions/SystemWOS Wizards of OS (Operating Systems)WOS Workshop for Open SystemsWOSA Windows Open Systems Architecture (Microsoft)WOT Web Of TrustWOTA Who’s On The Air (database)WP White PagesWP WikipediaWP Word ProcessorWP Write ProtectedWPA Wi-Fi Protected AccessWPAN Wireless Personal Area NetworkWPC Wearable Personal ComputerWPD Windows Printer DescriptionWPF Windows Presentation FoundationWPHD Write Protected Hard DiskWPIM WAN Interface Port ModuleWPM words per minuteWPPT WIPO Performances and Phonograms TreatyWPS Wi-Fi Protected SetupWPS Windows Printing SystemWPS Workplace Shell (IBM)WRAM Window Random Access MemoryWRB Web Request BrokerWREL Wireless Resonant Energy LinkWRL (DEC) Western Research LaboratoryWRP Winsock Redirection ProtocolWRR Weighted Round RobinWRS Wide Area Ground Reference StationWRT With Regard/Respect To (Slang)WRTH World Radio and Television HandbookWS Wide Screen


WS Window SizeWS WorkstationWSAD Websphere Studio Application DeveloperWSDL Web Services Description LanguageWSGI (Python) Web Server Gateway InterfaceWSH Windows Scripting HostWSIS World Summit on the Information SocietyWSN Wireless Sensor NetworkWSP Web Standards ProjectWSQ Wavelet Scalar QuantizationWSRF Web Services Resource FrameworkWSS Web Services SecurityWSS Windows Sharepoint Services (Microsoft)WSS Windows Sound System (Microsoft)WST World System TeletextWSTS World Semiconductor Trade StatisticsWSUS Windows Server Update ServicesWT Without Thinking (Slang)WT Write ThroughWTB Wanted To Buy (Slang)WTH What The Heck/Hell (Slang)WTK Wechselstrom-Telegrafie auf KurzwelleWTL Wechselstrom-Telegrafie auf LangwelleWTLS Wireless Transport Layer SecurityWTOS Wyse Thin Operating SystemWTS Web/Wireless Tracking SystemWTS Web Transaction Security/ServicesWTS Web Transcoding ServerWTS WiMAX Test SystemWTS Windows Terminal Server (Microsoft)WTS Wireless Telephone SystemWTS World Telecommunication StandardizationWTT Wanted To Trade (Slang)WTTF Want To Test First (Slang)WTTM Without Thinking Too Much (Slang)WULF Wake Up on Line/Liquid FeedWUS Windows Update Services (Microsoft)WUSB Wireless Universal Serial BusWUXGA Wide Ultra Extended Graphics ArrayWVQ Wavelet Vector Quantization

459

WW WahlwiederholungWWC World Wide ComputingWWDM Wide Wavelength Division MultiplexWWG Wieder Was Gelernt (Slang)WWOZ Wahre Weingartener OrtszeitWWRF Wireless World Research ForumWWW W3, World Wide Web, World Wide Waiting, Weltweites WartenWWW Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows MEWWW Works With and WithoutWWWW World Wide Web Wizard/WormWWWWW World Wide Web Worm WarningWXGA Wide Extended Graphics ArrayWYS Whatever You Say (Slang)WYSIWYG What You See Is What You GetWYSIWYM What You See Is What You MeanWYSIWIS What You See Is What I SeeWZC Wireless Zero Configuration

X Exchange, Execute, Extended, X Window SystemX11 X Window System Version 11X11R7 X Window System Version 11 Release 7XA Extended Architecture/AttributeXAA XFree86 Acceleration ArchitectureXAFS X-ray Absorption Fine StructureXAML Extensible Application Markup LanguageXAPIA X.400-API AssociationXAUI 10 Gigabit Attachment Unit InterfaceXBAC Experience Based Admission ControlXBAP XAML Browser ApplicationXBM X Window System Black-and-white Bitmap (file)XBRL Extensible Business Reporting LanguageXCBP XML Common Biometric FormatXCD Extended Compact DiscXCHG ExchangeXCHS Extended Cylinders, Heads, SectorsXCMD Extended Mode Command (Apple)XCMD External CommandXCP Extended Copy Protection (Sony)XD Execute Disable


XD Extreme Digital (Card)XDCS X/Open Distributed Computing ServicesXDF Extended Density Format (IBM)XDLE Transparent Data Link EscapeXDMCP X11 Display Manager Control ProtocolXDP XML Data PackageXDR External/Extended Data RepresentationXDS X/Open Directory ServiceXED XML Enabled DirectoryXETB Transparent End of Transmission BlockXETX Transparent End of TextXEWA XML-Enabled Wide Area Search in BioinformaticsXFA Extended File AttributeXFA XML Forms ArchitectureXFCN External FunctionXFDF XML Forms Data FormatXFDL Extensible Forms Description LanguageXFN X/Open Federated Naming ServiceXFS Extensions for Financial ServicesXFS SGI Extended File SystemXFS X11 Extended File SystemXFS X11 Font ServerXG Extended General MIDIXGA Extended Graphics Array (IBM)XHCI Extended Host Controller InterfaceXHTML Extensible Hypertext Markup LanguageXID Exchange Identifier/IdentificationXIE X11 Image/Imaging Extension (Standard)XIE-DIS XIE Document Imaging SubsetXIM X11 Input MethodXIO Extended Input OutputXITB Transparent Intermediate BlockXKB X11 Keyboard ExtensionXLATE TranslateXLFD X11 Logical Font Description/DescriptorXLINK Extended Local Informatik Netz KarlsruheXLL Extensible Linking LanguageXLL XLink and XPointer LanguagesXLM Excel Macro Language (Microsoft)XMI XTendbus Multibus Interface

461

XMIT TransmitXML Extensible Markup LanguageXMM Extended Memory ManagerXMP X/Open Management ProtocolXMP Extensible Metadata Platform (Adobe)XMPP Extensible Messaging and Presence ProtocolXMS Extended Memory SpecificationXMSN TransmissionXMT TransmitXMTR TransmitterXNS Xerox Network Services/Standard/SystemXOFF Exchange/Transmitter OffXOM X/Open ManagementXON Exchange/Transmitter OnXOR Exclusive Or (auch: EOR)XORP Extensible Open Router PlatformXOS Experimental Operating SystemXOT X.25 Over TCP/IPXP Cross PointXP Extreme ProgrammingXPC X11 Performance Characterization GroupXPEL X11 Protocol Engine LibraryXPFE Cross Platform Front EndXPG X/Open Portability GuideXPLA Extended Programmable Logic ArrayXPM X Window System Pixelmap (file)XPS XML Paper SpecificationXPT External Page TableXPVM Executable Parallel Virtual MachineXR Index RegisterXRC Extended Remote CopyXREF Cross Reference ListXSC Extended Scientific CalculationXSDT Extended System Description TableXSI X/Open Systenm Interface SpecificationXSL Extensible Style(sheet) LanguageXSLFO Extensible Style(sheet) Language Formatting ObjectXSLT Extensible Style(sheet) Language TransformationXSMD Extended Storage Module DriveXSMP X11 Session Manager Protocol


XSS Cross-Site ScriptingXSSI Extended Server Side IncludesXSSO X/Open Single Sign-On (Service)XSTX Transparent Start of TextXSYN Transparent Synchronous IdleXT CrosstalkXT Extended TechnologyXTAL CrystalXTCLK External Transmit ClockXTI X/Open Transport (Layer) InterfaceXTP XPress Transfer ProtocolXTTD Transparent Temporary Text DelayXUI X11 User InterfaceXUL Extensible/XML-Based User Interface LanguageXUMA Expertensystem Umweltgefährlichkeit von AltlastenXVE X11 Visual ExtensionsXVI XTendbus VMEbus InterfaceXVS X/Open System V SpecificationXVT Extensible Virtual ToolkitXWD X11 Window DumpXWS X Window System, X11

Y2K Year 2000 A.D.YABA Yet Another Bloody Acronym (Slang)YAFIYGI You Asked For It, You Got It (Slang)YAFFS Yet Another Flash File SystemYALE Yet Another Learning EnvironmentYAODL Yet Another Object Description LanguageYAPC Yet Another Perl ConferenceYAPL Yet Another Programming LanguageYAS Yet Another SocietyYCAGWYW You cannot always get what you want (Slang)YDL Yellow Dog LinuxYKWIS You Know What I’m Saying (Slang)YMD Year Month Day (ISO 8601)YMMD You Made My Day (Slang)YMMD Your Mileage May Differ/Diminish (Slang)YMMV Your Mileage May Vary (Slang)YODL Yet one Other Document Language

463

YOU YAST Online Update (SuSE)YOYOW You Own Your Own Words (Slang)YP Yellow Pages (NIS)YTTT You Telling The Truth (Slang)YUV (Farbmodell: Luminanz Y, Chrominanzwerte U, V)

Z Zahl, Zeichen, Zeit, Zentral-, Zentrum, Zero, ZoneZA Zero Adjusted/AdjusterZA Zero Administration (networking)ZA Zone AlarmZAC Zero Administration ClientZAI Zero Administration InitiativeZAIK Zentrum für Angewandte Informatik, Universität KölnZAK Zero Administration Kit (Microsoft)ZAM Zentralinstitut für Angewandte Mathematik, JülichZBR Zone Bit RecordingZBT Zero Bus TurnaroundZBTSI Zero-Byte Time Slot InterchangeZC Zone CoordinatorZCAV Zone/Zoned Constant Angular VelocityZCC Zone Coordinator CouncilZCLV Zone/Zoned Constant Linear VelocityZCML Zope Configuration Markup LanguageZCR Zero Channel RAIDZCT Zero Count TableZDF Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen, MainzZDL Zero Delay LockoutZDR ZeilendruckerZDR Zone Density RecordingZDVA Zentrale DatenverarbeitungsanlageZE ZentraleinheitZEC Zone Echomail CoordinatorZEN Zero Effort Network (Novell)ZEO Zope Enterprise ObjectZF ZwischenfrequenzZFM Zentralamt Für Mobilfunk, MünsterZFS Zettabyte File SystemZFS Zone Field SelectionZGDV Zentrum für Graphische Datenverarbeitung


ZGS ZeichengabesystemZHR Zero Hop RoutingZI Zentrale InstandhaltungZIA Zentrale Inteliigenz-AgenturZIB Konrad-Zuse-Zentrum für Informationstechnik, BerlinZIF Zero Insertion ForceZIMS Zope Inventory Management SystemZIP Zone Improvement PlanZIP Zone Information ProtocolZIS ZertifikationsinfrastrukturZISC Zero Instruction Set ComputerZKA Zentraler KreditausschussZKD Zentrum für Kommunikationstechnik und Datenverarbeitung, StuttgartZKDSG ZugangskontrolldiensteschutzgesetzZKM Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie, KarlsruheZL ZeileZMH Zone Mailing HourZMI Zone Management InterfaceZNB ZNYX NetBlasterZODB Zope Object Data BaseZOFF Zeichenorientierte Fenster-FunktionenZOO Zone Operation OrganisationZOPE Z Object Publishing EnvironmentZPP Zero-error Probabilistic Polynomial timeZPT Zope Page TemplateZPUe Zentralstelle für Private ÜberspielungsrechteZRTP Zimmermann’s Real-time Transport ProtocolZS ZeitschlitzZSI Zentralstelle für Sicherheit in der InformationstechnikZSK Zone Signing KeyZSL Zero Slot LANZSP ZwischenspeicherZSS Zentraler Service SwitchZTZB Zentrale Technik Zentraler BetriebslenkungZV ZahlungsverkehrZV ZeilenvorschubZV Zoomed Video (Port)ZVDFUE Zahlungsverkehr-DatenfernübertragungZVE ZählervergleichseinrichtungZVEH Zentralverband der Deutschen Elektrohandwerke

465

ZVEI Zentralverband der Elektrotechnik- und ElektronikindustrieZW ZielwahlZWR Zwischenraum (space)ZWS Zero Wait StateZZF Zentralamt für Zulassungen im FernmeldewesenZZK Zentraler Zeichenkanal (ISDN)

V Karlsruher TestNicht jedermann eignet sich für so schwierige Dinge wie die elek-tronische Datenverarbeitung. Um Ihnen die Entscheidung zu er-leichtern, ob Sie in die EDV einsteigen oder sich angenehmerenDingen widmen sollten, haben wir ganz besonders für Sie einenTest entwickelt. Woran denken Sie bei:

Bit Was zum Trinken, aus der Eifel (1 Punkt)Schraubendrehereinsatz (1)kleinste Dateneinheit (2 Punkte)

Festplatte Was zum Essen, vom Partyservice (1)Schallplatte (0)Massenspeicher (2)

Menü Was zum Essen (1)Dialogtechnik (2)mittelalterlicher Tanz (0)

CPU politische Partei (0)Zentralprozessor (2)Carnevalsverein (0)

Linker Linkshänder (0)Anhänger einer Linkspartei (1)Programm zum Binden von Modulen (2)

IBM Ich Bin Müde (1)International Business Machines (2)International Brotherhood of Magicians (1)

Schnittstelle Verletzung (1)Verbindungsstelle zweier EDV-Geräte (2)Werkstatt eines Bartscherers (0)

Slot Steckerleiste im Computer (2)

466

467

einarmiger Bandit (1)niederdeutsch für Kamin (0)

468 ANHANG V. KARLSRUHER TEST

Fortran starker Lebertran (0)Formal Trash Notation (0)Programmiersprache (2)

Mainframe Frachtkahn auf dem Main (0)Damit wollte FRIDTJOF NANSEN zum Nordpol (0)großer Computer (2)

PC Plumpsklo (Gravitationstoilette) (1)Personal Computer (2)Power Computing Language (0)

Puffer Was zum Essen, aus Kartoffeln (1)Was am Eisenbahnwagen (1)Zwischenspeicher (2)

Software Rohstoff für Softice (0)Programme, Daten und so Zeugs (2)was zum Trinken (0)

Port was zum Trinken (1)Hafen (1)Steckdose für Peripheriegeräte (2)

Strichcode maschinell lesbarer Code (2)Geheimsprache im Rotlichtviertel (0)Urliste in der Statistik (0)

Chip was zum Essen (1)was zum Spielen (1)Halbleiterbaustein (2)

Pointer Hund (1)starker Whisky (0)Zeiger auf Daten, Adresse (2)

Page Hotelboy (1)englisch, Seite in einem Buch (1)Untergliederung eines Speichers (2)

469

Character was manchen Politikern fehlt (1)Schriftzeichen (2)Wasserfall (0)


BetriebssystemKonzern (0)betriebsinternes Telefonsystem (0)wichtigstes Programm im Computer (2)

Traktor Papiereinzugsvorrichtung (2)landwirtschaftliches Fahrzeug (1)Zahl beim Multiplizieren (0)

Treiber Hilfsperson bei der Jagd (1)Programm zum Ansprechen der Peripherie (2)Vorarbeiter (0)

Animator was zum Trinken (1)Unterhalter (1)Programm für bewegte Grafik (2)

Hackbrett Musikinstrument (1)Werkzeug im Hackbau (0)Tastatur (2)

emulieren nachahmen (2)Öl in Wasser verteilen (0)entpflichten (0)

Font Menge von Schriftzeichen (2)Soßengrundlage (1)Hintergrund, Geldmenge (0)

Server Brettsegler (0)Kellner (0)Computer für Dienstleistungen (2)

Yabbawhap Datenkompressionsprogramm (2)Kriegsruf der Südstadt-Indianer (0)was zum Essen (0)

Terminal Schnittstelle Mensch - Computer (2)Bahnhof oder Hafen (1)Zubehör zu Drahttauwerk (1)

471

Ampersand Sand aus der Amper (1)et-Zeichen, Kaufmanns-Und (2)Untiefe im Wattenmeer (0)


Alias altgriechisches Epos (0)alttestamentarischer Prophet (0)Zweitname (2)

Buscontroller Busfahrer (0)Busschaffner (0)Programm zur Steuerung eines Datenbusses (2)

Algol was zum Trinken (0)Doppelstern (1)Programmiersprache (2)

Rom Stadt in Italien (1)schwedisch für Rum (1)Read only memory (2)

Dram Dynamic random access memory (2)dänisch für Schnaps (1)Straßenbahn (0)

Diskette Mädchen, das oft in Discos geht (0)weiblicher Diskjockey (0)Massenspeicher (2)

Directory oberste Etage einer Firma (0)Inhaltsverzeichnis (2)Kunststil zur Zeit der Franz. Revolution (0)

Dekrement was die Verdauung übrig läßt (0)Anordnung von oben (0)Wert, um den ein Zähler verringert wird (2)

Sprungbefehl Vorkommnis während Ihres Wehrdienstes (0)Kommando im Pferdesport (0)Anweisung in einem Programm (2)

Oktalzahl Maß für die Klopffestigkeit (0)Zahl zur Basis 8 (2)Anzahl der Oktaven einer Orgel (0)

473

Subroutine Kleidungsstück eines Priesters (0)was im Unterbewußten (0)Unterprogramm (2)


Spoiler Was zum Essen (0)Posting in den Netnews (2)Was am Auto (1)

virtuell tugendhaft (0)die Augen betreffend (0)nicht wirklich vorhanden, scheinbar (2)

Klammeraffe ASCII-Zeichen (2)Bürogerät (1)Affenart in Südamerika (0)

ESC Eisenbahner-Spar- und Creditverein (0)Eishockeyclub (0)escape, Fluchtsymbol (2)

Monitor Karlsruher Brauerei (0)Fernsehsendung (1)Bildschirmgerät, Überwachungsprogramm (2)

Unix Tütensuppe (0)Freund von Asterix und Obelix (0)hervorragendes Betriebssystem (2)

Joystick Computerzubehör (2)männlicher Körperteil (0)Hebel am Spielautomat (0)

Maus kleines Säugetier (1)Computerzubehör (2)junge Dame (1)

Icon russisches Heiligenbild (0)Sinnbild (2)Kamerafabrik (0)

Pascal französischer Mathematiker (1)Maßeinheit für Druck (1)Programmiersprache (2)

475

Wysiwyg englisch für Wolpertinger (0)französisch für Elmentritschen (0)what you see is what you get (2)


Register was in Flensburg (1)was an der Orgel (1)Speicher (2)

Record was im Sport (1)englisch für Blockflöte (0)Datensatz (2)

HP High Price (0)Hewlett-Packard (2)Horse Power (1)

Kermit Dichtungspaste (0)Frosch aus der Muppet-Show (1)Dateiübertragungs-Protokoll (2)

Ethernet Baustoff (Asbestzement) (0)Local Area Network (2)Student der ETH Zürich (0)

Algorithmus Übermäßiger Genuß geistiger Getränke (0)Krankheit (0)Rechenvorschrift (2)

File Was zum Essen, vom Metzger (0)Menge von Daten (2)Durchtriebener Kerl (0)

Bug Vorderteil eines Schiffes (1)Fehler im Programm (2)englisch für Wanze (1)

Router jemand mit Routine (0)französischer LKW-Fahrer (0)Verbindungsglied zweier Netze (2)

Zylinder Kopfbedeckung (1)Teil einer Kolbenmaschine (1)Unterteilung eines Plattenspeichers (2)

477

FTP kleine, aber liberale Partei (0)File Transfer Protocol (2)Floating Point Processor (0)


Domäne Geist(0)Bereich (2)Blume (0)

Bridge Kartenspiel (1)internationales Computernetz (0)Verbindung zweier Computernetze (2)

Email Glasur (1)elektronische Post (2)Sultanspalast (0)

Baum was im Wald (Wurzel unten) (1)was auf einem Schiff (keine Wurzel) (1)was aus der Informatik (Wurzel oben) (2)

Internet Schule mit Schlafgelegenheit (0)Zwischenraum (0)Weltweites Computernetz (2)

Split UNIX-Kommando (2)kantige Steinchen (0)Stadt in Dalmatien (1)

Mini Damenoberbekleidung (1)kleiner Computer (2)Frau von Mickey Mouse (0)

Cut Herrenoberbekleidung (1)Colonia Ulpia Traiana (1)UNIX-Kommando (2)

2B|!2B Parallelprozessor (0)Assembler-Befehl (0)ein Wort Hamlets (2)

Shell Filmschauspielerin (Maria S.) (0)Kommando-Interpreter (2)Mineralöl-Gesellschaft (1)

479

Slip Unterbekleidung (1)Schlupfschuh (0)Internet-Protokoll (2)


Diäresis Durchfall (0)Diakritisches Zeichen (Umlaute) (2)Ernährungslehre (0)

Space Bar Kneipe im Weltraum (www.spacebar.com) (0)Maßeinheit für den Druck im Weltraum (0)Größte Taste auf der Tastatur (2)

Popper Popcorn-Röster (0)Mail-Programm (2)Philosoph aus Wien (1)

Rohling Wüster Kerl (1)Noch zu beschreibende CD/DVD (2)Rohkost-Liebhaber (0)

Schleife Kleidungsstück (1)Schlitterbahn (1)Kontrollanweisung eines Programmes (2)

Alex Altlasten-Expertensystem (1)Automatic Login Executor (1)Globales Dateisystem (1)

Altair Stern (Alpha Aquilae) (1)Gebirge in Zentralasien (0)früher Personal Computer (2)

Halbbitter Was zum Essen (Schokolade) (1)Strom- und bitsparender Prozessor (0)Was zum Trinken (0)

Eure Priorität Anrede des Priors in einem Kloster (0)Anrede des Ersten Sekretärs im Vatikan (0)Anrede des Systemverwalters (6)

Zählen Sie Ihre Punkte zusammen. Die Auswertung ergibt Fol-gendes:

• über 170 Punkte: Überlassen Sie das Rechnen künftig demComputer.

481

• 85 bis 170 Punkte: Mit etwas Fleiß wird aus Ihnen ein EDV-Experte.

• 18 bis 84 Punkte: Machen Sie eine möglichst steile Karriereaußerhalb der EDV und suchen Sie sich fähige Mitarbeiter.

• unter 18 Punkten: Vielleicht hatten Sie schlechte Lehrer?

W GNU LizenzenW.1 GNU General Public LicenseKopiert von http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.

Version 2, June 1991Copyright © 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies ofthis license document, but changing it is not allowed.

PREAMBLE

The licenses for most software are designed to take away yourfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU GeneralPublic License is intended to guarantee your freedom to shareand change free software—to make sure the software is free forall its users. This General Public License applies to most of theFree Software Foundation’s software and to any other programwhose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free SoftwareFoundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Pu-blic License instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too.

When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom,not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make surethat you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software(and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive sourcecode or can get it if you want it, that you can change the softwareor use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know youcan do these things.

To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that for-bid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrenderthe rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilitiesfor you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modifyit.

482

W.1. GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 483

For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whe-ther gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rightsthat you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or canget the source code. And you must show them these terms so theyknow their rights.

We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the soft-ware, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permis-sion to copy, distribute and/or modify the software.

Also, for each author’s protection and ours, we want to makecertain that everyone understands that there is no warranty forthis free software. If the software is modified by someone else andpassed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have isnot the original, so that any problems introduced by others willnot reflect on the original authors’ reputations.

Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by soft-ware patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors ofa free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effectmaking the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have madeit clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone’s free useor not licensed at all.

The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution andmodification follow.

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSETERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING,

DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION0. This License applies to any program or other work which

contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying itmay be distributed under the terms of this General PublicLicense. The “Program”, below, refers to any such programor work, and a “work based on the Program” means eitherthe Program or any derivative work under copyright law:that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portionof it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or transla-ted into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is in-cluded without limitation in the term “modification”.) Eachlicensee is addressed as “you”.Activities other than copying, distribution and modificationare not covered by this License; they are outside its scope.

484 ANHANG W. GNU LIZENZEN

The act of running the Program is not restricted, and theoutput from the Program is covered only if its contents con-stitute a work based on the Program (independent of ha-ving been made by running the Program). Whether that istrue depends on what the Program does.

1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Pro-gram’s source code as you receive it, in any medium, pro-vided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish oneach copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimerof warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to thisLicense and to the absence of any warranty; and give anyother recipients of the Program a copy of this License alongwith the Program.You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring acopy, and you may at your option offer warranty protectionin exchange for a fee.

2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or anyportion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program,and copy and distribute such modifications or work underthe terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meetall of these conditions:

(a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominentnotices stating that you changed the files and the dateof any change.

(b) You must cause any work that you distribute or pu-blish, that in whole or in part contains or is derivedfrom the Program or any part thereof, to be licensedas a whole at no charge to all third parties under theterms of this License.

(c) If the modified program normally reads commands in-teractively when run, you must cause it, when startedrunning for such interactive use in the most ordinaryway, to print or display an announcement including anappropriate copyright notice and a notice that there isno warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warran-ty) and that users may redistribute the program underthese conditions, and telling the user how to view acopy of this License. (Exception: if the Program itself


is interactive but does not normally print such an an-nouncement, your work based on the Program is notrequired to print an announcement.)

These requirements apply to the modified work as a who-le. If identifiable sections of that work are not derived fromthe Program, and can be reasonably considered indepen-dent and separate works in themselves, then this License,and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you dis-tribute them as separate works. But when you distributethe same sections as part of a whole which is a work ba-sed on the Program, the distribution of the whole must beon the terms of this License, whose permissions for otherlicensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each andevery part regardless of who wrote it.Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights orcontest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather,the intent is to exercise the right to control the distributionof derivative or collective works based on the Program.In addition, mere aggregation of another work not basedon the Program with the Program (or with a work basedon the Program) on a volume of a storage or distributionmedium does not bring the other work under the scope ofthis License.

3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work basedon it, under Section 2) in object code or executable formunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided thatyou also do one of the following:

(a) Accompany it with the complete correspondingmachine-readable source code, which must be distri-buted under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on amedium customarily used for software interchange; or,

(b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at leastthree years, to give any third party, for a charge nomore than your cost of physically performing sourcedistribution, a complete machine-readable copy of thecorresponding source code, to be distributed under theterms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customa-rily used for software interchange; or,


(c) Accompany it with the information you received as tothe offer to distribute corresponding source code. (Thisalternative is allowed only for noncommercial distri-bution and only if you received the program in objectcode or executable form with such an offer, in accordwith Subsection b above.)

The source code for a work means the preferred form ofthe work for making modifications to it. For an executa-ble work, complete source code means all the source codefor all modules it contains, plus any associated interfacedefinition files, plus the scripts used to control compilati-on and installation of the executable. However, as a specialexception, the source code distributed need not include any-thing that is normally distributed (in either source or bina-ry form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, andso on) of the operating system on which the executable runs,unless that component itself accompanies the executable.If distribution of executable or object code is made by offe-ring access to copy from a designated place, then offeringequivalent access to copy the source code from the sameplace counts as distribution of the source code, even thoughthird parties are not compelled to copy the source alongwith the object code.

4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Pro-gram except as expressly provided under this License. Anyattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distributethe Program is void, and will automatically terminate yourrights under this License. However, parties who have re-ceived copies, or rights, from you under this License willnot have their licenses terminated so long as such partiesremain in full compliance.

5. You are not required to accept this License, since you ha-ve not signed it. However, nothing else grants you permis-sion to modify or distribute the Program or its derivativeworks. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not ac-cept this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributingthe Program (or any work based on the Program), you in-dicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its


terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifyingthe Program or works based on it.

6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work basedon the Program), the recipient automatically receives a li-cense from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modifythe Program subject to these terms and conditions. You maynot impose any further restrictions on the recipients’ exer-cise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsiblefor enforcing compliance by third parties to this License.

7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation ofpatent infringement or for any other reason (not limitedto patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whetherby court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict theconditions of this License, they do not excuse you from theconditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as tosatisfy simultaneously your obligations under this Licenseand any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequenceyou may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if apatent license would not permit royalty-free redistributionof the Program by all those who receive copies directly orindirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfyboth it and this License would be to refrain entirely fromdistribution of the Program.If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforcea-ble under any particular circumstance, the balance of thesection is intended to apply and the section as a whole isintended to apply in other circumstances.It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringeany patents or other property right claims or to contest va-lidity of any such claims; this section has the sole purposeof protecting the integrity of the free software distributionsystem, which is implemented by public license practices.Many people have made generous contributions to the widerange of software distributed through that system in relian-ce on consistent application of that system; it is up to theauthor/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distributesoftware through any other system and a licensee cannotimpose that choice.


This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what isbelieved to be a consequence of the rest of this License.

8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted incertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted inter-faces, the original copyright holder who places the Programunder this License may add an explicit geographical dis-tribution limitation excluding those countries, so that dis-tribution is permitted only in or among countries not thusexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limi-tation as if written in the body of this License.

9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/ornew versions of the General Public License from time totime. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the pre-sent version, but may differ in detail to address new pro-blems or concerns.Each version is given a distinguishing version number. Ifthe Program specifies a version number of this Licensewhich applies to it and “any later version”, you have theoption of following the terms and conditions either of thatversion or of any later version published by the Free Soft-ware Foundation. If the Program does not specify a versionnumber of this License, you may choose any version everpublished by the Free Software Foundation.

10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into otherfree programs whose distribution conditions are different,write to the author to ask for permission. For softwarewhich is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, wri-te to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes makeexceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the twogoals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of ourfree software and of promoting the sharing and reuse ofsoftware generally.

NO WARRANTY

11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE,THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EX-TENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHENOTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOL-DERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM


“AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EX-PRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY ANDFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISKAS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAMIS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE,YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW ORAGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER,OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDIS-TRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLETO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECI-AL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISINGOUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM(INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DA-TA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINEDBY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PRO-GRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVENIF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OFTHE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

Appendix: How to Apply These Terms toYour New ProgramsIf you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the grea-test possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this isto make it free software which everyone can redistribute andchange under these terms.

To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It issafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most ef-fectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file shouldhave at least the “copyright” line and a pointer to where the fullnotice is found.

<one line to give the program’s name and a brief ideaof what it does.>


Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>

This program is free software; you can redistribute itand/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Gene-ral Public License as published by the Free SoftwareFoundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at youroption) any later version.This program is distributed in the hope that it willbe useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; withouteven the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITYor FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Seethe GNU General Public License for more details.You should have received a copy of the GNU GeneralPublic License along with this program; if not, write tothe Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place -Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.

Also add information on how to contact you by electronic andpaper mail.

If the program is interactive, make it output a short noticelike this when it starts in an interactive mode:

Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) <year> <nameof author>Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WAR-RANTY; for details type ‘show w’.This is free software, and you are welcome to redis-tribute it under certain conditions; type ‘show c’ fordetails.

The hypothetical commands show w and show c shouldshow the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Ofcourse, the commands you use may be called something otherthan show w and show c; they could even be mouse-clicks ormenu items—whatever suits your program.

You should also get your employer (if you work as a program-mer) or your school, if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” forthe program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:

Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interestin the program

W.2. GNU FREE DOCUMENTATION LICENSE 491

‘Gnomovision’ (which makes passes at compilers)written by James Hacker.

<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989Ty Coon, President of Vice

This General Public License does not permit incorporatingyour program into proprietary programs. If your program is asubroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit lin-king proprietary applications with the library. If this is what youwant to do, use the GNU Library General Public License insteadof this License.

W.2 GNU Free Documentation LicenseKopiert von http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.

Version 1.2, November 2002Copyright ©2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies ofthis license document, but changing it is not allowed.

Preamble

The purpose of this license is to make a manual, textbook, orother functional and useful document free in the sense of free-dom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redis-tribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially ornoncommercially. Secondarily, this license preserves for the au-thor and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while notbeing considered responsible for modifications made by others.

This license is a kind of copyleft, which means that derivativeworks of the document must themselves be free in the same sen-se. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is acopyleft license designed for free software.

We have designed this license in order to use it for manualsfor free software, because free software needs free documenta-tion: a free program should come with manuals providing the


same freedoms that the software does. But this license is not li-mited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work,regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a prin-ted book. We recommend this license principally for works whosepurpose is instruction or reference.

1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONSThis license applies to any manual or other work, in any me-

dium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder say-ing it can be distributed under the terms of this license. Sucha notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited induration, to use that work under the conditions stated herein.The Document, below, refers to any such manual or work. Anymember of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as you. Youaccept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in away requiring permission under copyright law.

A Modified Version of the Document means any work con-taining the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim,or with modifications and/or translated into another language.

A Secondary Section is a named appendix or a front-mattersection of the Document that deals exclusively with the rela-tionship of the publishers or authors of the Document to theDocument’s overall subject (or to related matters) and containsnothing that could fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus,if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Seconda-ry Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationshipcould be a matter of historical connection with the subject or withrelated matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical orpolitical position regarding them.

The Invariant Sections are certain Secondary Sectionswhose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Secti-ons, in the notice that says that the Document is released underthis license. If a section does not fit the above definition of Se-condary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. TheDocument may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Documentdoes not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none.

The Cover Texts are certain short passages of text that arelisted, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the noticethat says that the Document is released under this license. A


Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Textmay be at most 25 words.

A Transparent copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification isavailable to the general public, that is suitable for revising theDocument straightforwardly with generic text editors or (forimages composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for dra-wings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is suita-ble for input to text formatters or for automatic translation toa variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A co-py made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose mark-up, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or dis-courage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantialamount of text. A copy that is not Transparent is called Opaque.

Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies includeplain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX in-put format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, andstandard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designedfor human modification. Examples of transparent image formatsinclude PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprieta-ry formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary wordprocessors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processingtools are not generally available, and the machine-generatedHTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors foroutput purposes only.

The Title Page means, for a printed book, the title page itself,plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the ma-terial this license requires to appear in the title page. For worksin formats which do not have any title page as such, TTitle Pa-gemmeans the text near the most prominent appearance of thework’s title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.

A section Entitled XYZ means a named subunit of the Do-cument whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ inparentheses following text that translates XYZ in another lan-guage. (Here XYZ stands for a specific section name mentionedbelow, such as Acknowledgements, Dedications, Endorse-ments, or History.) To Preserve the Title of such a sectionwhen you modify the Document means that it remains a sectionEntitled XYZ according to this definition.


The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to thenotice which states that this license applies to the Document.These Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by re-ference in this license, but only as regards disclaiming warran-ties: any other implication that these Warranty Disclaimers mayhave is void and has no effect on the meaning of this license.

2. VERBATIM COPYINGYou may copy and distribute the Document in any medium,

either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this licen-se, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this licen-se applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and thatyou add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this license.You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control thereading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute.However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies.If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must alsofollow the conditions in section 3.

You may also lend copies, under the same conditions statedabove, and you may publicly display copies.

3. COPYING IN QUANTITYIf you publish printed copies (or copies in media that common-

ly have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than100, and the Document’s license notice requires Cover Texts, youmust enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legib-ly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover,and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must alsoclearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies.The front cover must present the full title with all words of thetitle equally prominent and visible. You may add other materialon the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to thecovers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document andsatisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying inother respects.

If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fitlegibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit rea-sonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacentpages.


If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Documentnumbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or statein or with each Opaque copy a computer-network location fromwhich the general network-using public has access to downloadusing public-standard network protocols a complete Transparentcopy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the lat-ter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when youbegin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure thatthis Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the statedlocation until at least one year after the last time you distributean Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) ofthat edition to the public.

It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authorsof the Document well before redistributing any large number ofcopies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updatedversion of the Document.

4. MODIFICATIONSYou may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Docu-

ment under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, providedthat you release the Modified Version under precisely this licen-se, with the Modified Version filling the role of the Document,thus licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Ver-sion to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must dothese things in the Modified Version:

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X ZeittafelDie meisten Errungenschaften entwickelten sich über manch-mal lange Zeitspannen, so dass vor einige Jahreszahlen um etwazu setzen ist. Auch sind an der Entwicklung oft mehrere Perso-nen in unterschiedlichem Maß beteiligt, was sich in der folgen-den Übersicht nicht immer berücksichtigen lässt.

-10E8 Der beliebte Tyrannosaurus hatte zwei Finger an jeder Handund rechnete vermutlich im Dualsystem, wenn überhaupt.

-2000 Die Babylonier verwenden für besondere Aufgaben eingemischtes Stellenwertsystem zur Basis 60.Griechen und Perser arbeiten mit Rechenbrettern.

-400 In China werden Zählstäbchen zum Rechnen verwendet.20 In der Bergpredigt wird das Binärsystem erwähnt (Matth. 5, 37).

Die Römer schieben Rechensteinchen (calculi) auf dem Abakus herum.600 Die Inder entwickeln das heute übliche reine Stellenwertsystem,

die Null ist jedoch älter. Etwa gleichzeitig entwickeln die Mayasin Mittelamerika ein Stellenwertsystem zur Basis 20.

1200 LEONARDO VON PISA, genannt FIBONACCI, setzt sich für dieEinführung des indisch-arabischen Zahlensystems im Abendland ein.

1550 Die europäischen Rechenmeister verwenden sowohl die römischeals auch die indisch-arabische Schreibweise.

1617 JOHN NAPIER erfindet die Rechenknochen (Napier’s Bones).1623 Erste mechanische Rechenmaschine mit Zehnerübertragung

und Multiplikation, von WILHELM SCHICKARD, Tübingen.1642 Rechenmaschine von BLAISE PASCAL, Paris für kaufmännische

Rechnungen seines Vaters.1674 GOTTFRIED WILHELM LEIBNIZ baut eine mechanische

Rechenmaschine für die vier Grundrechenarten und befasst sichmit der dualen Darstellung von Zahlen. In der Folgezeittechnische Verbesserungen an vielen Stellen in Europa.

1714 HENRY MILL erhält ein Patent auf eine Schreibmaschine.1778 Rechenmaschine des schwäbischen Pfarrers PHILIPP MATTHÄUS HAHN.1801 JOSEPH MARIE JACQUARD erfindet die Lochkarte aus Holz und

steuert Webstühle damit.1821 CHARLES BABBAGE stellt der Royal Astronomical Society

502

503

eine programmierbare mechanische Rechenmaschine vor, diejedoch keinen wirtschaftlichen Erfolg hat. Er denkt auch andas Spielen von Schach oder Tic-tac-toe auf Maschinen.

1840 SAMUEL FINLEY BREEZE MORSE entwickelt einen aus zweiZeichen plus Pausen bestehenden Telegrafencode, der dieBuchstaben entsprechend ihrer Häufigkeit codiert.

1847 GEORGE BOOLE entwickelt die symbolische Logik.1852 ADA LOVELACE stirbt, eine frühe Informatikerin1861 JOHANN PHILIPP REIS erfindet das Telephon.1873 ELIPHALET REMINGTON and Sons, NY, stellen außer Gewehren

und Nähmaschinen auch Schreibmaschinen her. 1886 trennen sie sichvom Schreibmaschinenbereich, der später den Namen Remington Randund noch später den Namen Sperry Rand trägt.

1876 ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL erhält ein Patent auf sein Telefon.1877 Gründung der Bell Telephone Company, heute AT&T.1890 HERMAN HOLLERITH erfindet die Lochkartenmaschine und

setzt sie bei einer Volkszählung in den USA ein. Das ist derAnfang von IBM.

1894 OTTO LUEGERs Lexikon der gesamten Technik führtunter dem Stichwort Elektrizität als Halbleiter Äther,Alkohol, Holz und Papier auf.

1895 Erste Übertragungen mittels Radio (ALEXANDER POPOW,GUGLIELMO MARCONI).

1896 Gründung der Tabulating Machine Company, der späteren IBM.1898 VALDEMAR POULSEN erfindet die magnetische Aufzeichnung

von Tönen (Telegraphon).1900 01. Januar 1900 00:00:00 GMT Nullpunkt der gegenwärtigen

NTP-Ära (eine NTP-Ära umfasst 136 Jahre).1910 Gründung der Deutschen Hollerith Maschinen GmbH, Berlin,

der Vorläuferin der IBM Deutschland.1918 Das Enigma-Verschlüsselungsverfahren entwickelt.1924 Aus der Tabulating Machine Company von HERMAN HOLLERITH,

später in Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company umbenannt,wird die International Business Machines (IBM).

1930 EDWIN LINK baut – anstatt Pianos und Orgeln wie sein Vater –einen mechanischen Flugsimulator für Übungs- und Vergnügungszweckeund erhält ein Patent darauf. Der Link-Trainer erlangt Verbreitung.

1932 Die Firma AEG baut das erste Tonbandgerät mit dem NamenMagnetophon. Die Bänder dazu liefert die BASF.

1936 Erste Direktübertragung im deutschen Fernsehen anlässlich der

504 ANHANG X. ZEITTAFEL

Olympischen Spiele in Berlin.1937 ALAN TURING veröffentlicht sein Computermodell.1938 KONRAD ZUSE stellt den programmgesteuerten Rechner Z 1 fertig.

Ein späterer Nachbau schafft 1 Rechenoperation pro Sekunde.Elektronische binäre Addiermaschine von JOHN VINCENT ATANASOFFund CLIFFORD BERRY, Iowa State University, zur Lösung linearerGleichungssysteme.

1939 KONRAD ZUSE stellt die Z 2 fertig.Gründung der Firma Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto, Kaliforniendurch WILLIAM HEWLETT und DAVID PACKARD. Ihr erstesProdukt ist ein Oszillator für Tonfrequenzen (Messtechnik).

1941 KONRAD ZUSE stellt die Z 3 fertig.1942 Die Purdue University beginnt mit der Halbleiterforschung und

untersucht Germaniumkristalle.1943 Der Computer Colossus, Bletchley Park/Buckinghamshire UK,

entschlüsselt deutsche Militärnachrichten (Enigma).IBM-Chef THOMAS WATSON schätzt den weltweiten Bedarf anComputern auf 5 (fünf) Stück.

1944 Die Zuse Z 4 wird fertig (2200 Relais, mechanischer Speicher).Sie arbeitet von 1950 bis 1960 in der Schweiz.An der Harvard University bauen HOWARD AIKEN und GRACE HOPPERdie Mark I in Relaistechnik. Die Maschine läuft bis 1959.

1945 KONRAD ZUSE entwickelt den Plankalkül, die erste höhereProgrammiersprache.WILLIAM BRADFORD SHOCKLEY startet ein Forschungsprojekt zurHalbleiterphysik in den Bell-Labs.VANNEVAR BUSH entwickelt ein System zur Informationsspeicherungund -suche, das auf Mikrofilmen beruht.

1946 JOHN VON NEUMANN veröffentlicht sein Computerkonzept.JOHN PRESPER ECKERT und JOHN WILLIAM MAUCHLY bauen inden USA die ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator andComputer). Die ENIAC rechnet dezimal, enthält 18000 Vakuumröhren,wiegt 30 t, ist 5,5 m hoch und 24 m lang, braucht für eine Addition0,2 ms, ist an der Entwicklung der Wasserstoffbombe beteiligt undarbeitet bis 1955. Sie ist der Urahne der UNIVAC.

1948 CLAUDE ELWOOD SHANNON begründet die Informationstheorie.JOHN BARDEEN, WALTER HOUSER BRATTAIN undWILLIAM BRADFORD SHOCKLEY entwickeln in den Bell-Labsden Transistor, der 10 Jahre später die Vakuumröhre ablöst.

1949 Erster Schachcomputer: Manchester MADM. Das Wort Bit kreiert.

505

1950 An der ETH Zürich geht die Zuse Z 4 in Betrieb.1952 IBM bringt ihre erste elektronische Datenverarbeitungs-

anlage, die IBM 701, heraus.1953 IBM baut die erste Magnetbandmaschine zur Datenspeicherung (726).1954 Remington-Rand bringt die erste UNIVAC heraus, IBM die 650.

Silizium beginnt Germanium zu verdrängen.1955 IBM entwickelt die erste höhere Programmiersprache, die

Verbreitung erlangt: FORTRAN (Formula Translator) und verwendetTransistoren in ihren Computern.

1956 KONRAD ZUSE baut die Z 22, die mit Röhren arbeitet.Sie kommt 1958 auf den Markt. Bis 1961 werden 50 Stück verkauft.BARDEEN, BRATTAIN und SHOCKLEY erhalten den Nobelpreisfür Physik.IBM stellt die erste Festplatte vor (IBM 350 Disk File für denComputer RAMAC 305), Kapazität 5 MByte, groß wie ein Schrank,Gewicht 1 to, bestehend aus 50 Scheiben zu 24 Zoll, 50.000 US-$.

1957 Die IBM 709 braucht für eine Multiplikation 0,12 ms.Weltweit arbeiten rund 1300 Computer.Seminar von Prof. JOHANNES WEISSINGER über Programm-gesteuerte Rechenmaschinen im SS 1957 der TH Karlsruhe.KARL STEINBUCH (Firma SEL, später TH Karlsruhe) prägt denBegriff Informatik.Erster Satellit (Sputnik, Sowjetunion) kreist um die Erde.

1958 Als eine Reaktion auf den Sputnik gründet das us-amerikanischeVerteidigungsministerium (DoD) die Denkfabrik Advanced ResearchProjects Agency (ARPA), die später das ARPANET aufbaut.MARVIN LEE MINSKY prägt den Begriff Artificial Intelligence.Die TH Karlsruhe erhält ihren ersten Computer, eine ZUSE Z 22,finanziert vom Land Baden-Württemberg.Die Maschine verwendet 400 Vakuumröhren und wiegt 1 t. DerArbeitsspeicher fasst 16 Wörter zu 38 Bits, d. h. 76 Byte. DerMassenspeicher, eine Magnettrommel, fasst rund 40 KByte. EineGleitkommaoperation dauert 70 ms. Das System versteht nurMaschinensprache (Freiburger Code) und läuft bis 1972.Im SS 1958 hält Priv.-Doz. KARL NICKEL (Institut für Angew.Mathematik) eine Vorlesung Programmieren mathematischer undtechnischer Probleme für die elektronische Rechenmaschine Z 22.Die Programmiersprache ALGOL 58 kommt heraus.Bei Texas Instruments baut JACK ST. CLAIR KILBY den ersten IC;im Jahr 2000 erhält er dafür den Nobelpreis für Physik.


1959 Im SS 1959 hält Priv.-Doz. KARL NICKEL erstmals dieVorlesung Programmieren I, im WS 1959/60 die VorlesungProgrammieren II. Erstes Werk von Hewlett-Packard inDeutschland. Siemens baut die Siemens 2002.

1960 Programmieren steht noch in keinem Studienplan, sondernist freiwillig. Die Karlsruher Z 22 arbeitet Tag und Nacht.Die Programmiersprache COBOL wird veröffentlicht.Ein Computerspiel namens Spacewar läuft auf einerDigital Equipment Corporation (DEC) PDP-1 im MIT eingsetzt.ALAN SHUGART entwickelt ein Verfahren zur Aufzeichnung vonDaten auf einer magnetisch beschichteten Scheibe.

1961 Die TH Karlsruhe erhält im Zuge der Berufungsverhandlungen vonProf. Nickel eine Zuse Z 23, die mit 2400 Transistoren arbeitet.Ihr Hauptspeicher fasst 240 Wörter zu 40 Bits.Eine Gleitkommaoperation dauert 15 ms. Außer Maschinenspracheversteht sie ALGOL.Weltweit arbeiten etwa 7300 Computer.

1962 Die TH Karlsruhe erhält einen SEL ER 56, der bis 1968 läuft.An der Purdue University wird die erste Fakultät für Informatik(Department of Computer Science) gegründet.Texas Instruments und Fairchild nehmen die Serienproduktion von ICs(Chips) auf.JOSEPH CARL ROBNETT LICKLIDER (1912–1990) hat zwei Visionen: den interaktivenComputer und das galaktische Netz (wenn schon, denn schon). Er wirdDirektor in der ARPA und geht an die Verwirklichung seiner Visionen.IVAN SUTHERLAND entwickelt ein Grafiksystem namens Sketchball.MORTON HEILIG meldet sein Sensorama zum Patent an, einenmultimedialen Simulator mit Bild, Ton und Geruch.

1963 Weltweit arbeiten etwa 16.500 Computer.Erster geostationärer Satellit (Syncom).IVAN E. SUTHERLAND entwickelt in seiner Doktorarbeit am MITdas Sketchpad, einen grafischen Bildschirm mit Lichtgriffel, undwird damit zum Vater der Computergrafik.Der ASCII-Standard wird verabschiedet.

1964 JOHN KEMENY und THOMAS KURTZ veröffentlichen die Programmiersprache BASIC.PAUL BARAN entwickelt bei der RAND Corporation die Idee paketvermittelter Netze.DOUGLAS CARL ENGELBART erfindet am Stanford Research Institutedie Maus und die Fenstertechnik und hat zukunbftsweisende Visionen.IBM legt das Byte zu 8 Bits fest (IBM 360).Ein Chip enthält auf 0,5 cm2 10 Transistoren.

507

1965 Beginn des Betriebssystems MULTICS bei MIT, Bell undGeneral Electric. Aus dessen Misserfolg erwächst später UNIX.GORDON EARLE MOORE veröffentlicht das nach ihm benannte Gesetz.THEODOR HOLM (TED) NELSON prägt den Begriff Hypertext.

1966 Die TH Karlsruhe erhält eine Electrologica X 8, die bis1973 betrieben wird. Gründung des Karlsruher Rechenzentrums.Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) PDP-9 auf dem Markt.Hewlett-Packard steigt in die Computerei ein (HP 2116 A).

1967 Erster elektronischer Taschenrechner (Texas Instruments) entwickelt.Beim Bundesministerium für wissenschaftliche Forschung wirdein Fachbeirat für Datenverarbeitung gebildet.Die Sekunde wird von ihrer astronomischen Definition auf eineatomphysikalische umgestellt.IVAN E. SUTHERLAND entwickelt an der Harvard University einenHelm mit binokularem Display und bringt damit die Virtual Realityein gutes Stück voran.NIKLAUS WIRTH beginnt an der ETH Zürich mit der Arbeit an PASCAL.IBM stellt die ersten Disketten her, Durchmesser 8 Zoll, Kapazität ??.

1968 Am 26. Februar entscheiden sich maßgebende Vertreter derComputerwissenschaft im deutschsprachigen Raum im Anschluss anein internationales Kolloquium in Dresden für die BezeichnungInformatik nach französischem Beispiel.Die Programmiersprache PASCAL kommt heraus. GORDON EARLE MOORE undROBERT NORTON NOYCE gründen die Firma Integrated Electronics (Intel).gegründet. Hewlett-Packard baut den ersten wissenschaftlichenprogrammierbaren Tischrechner (HP 9100 A).

1969 In Karlsruhe wird am 1. Januar das Institut für Informatikgegründet, Direktor KARL NICKEL. Im WS 1969/70 beginnt inKarlsruhe die Informatik als Vollstudium mit 91 Erstsemestern.Gründung der Gesellschaft für Informatik (GI) in Bonn.In den Bell Labs UNIX in Assembler auf einer DEC PDP 7(K. L. THOMPSON).Beginn des ARPANET-Projektes, erste Teilnehmer U. of California atLos Angeles, Stanford Research Institute, U. of California atSanta Barbara und U. of Utah. Maßgeblich beteiligt sind STEVE CROCKER,DAVID H. CROCKER, JON POSTEL, VINTON CERF, ROBERT KAHN und ROBERT BRADEN.RFC 0001: Host Software, von STEVE CROCKER, Mitarbeiter der UCLA.

1970 Die Universität Karlsruhe erhält eine UNIVAC 1108,die bis 1987 läuft und damit den hiesigen Rekord an Betriebsjahrenhält. Preis 23 MDM, 3 Zentraleinheiten, 256 Kilo-Wörter zu


je 36 Bits Arbeitsspeicher, 20 Bildschirme.Die Karlsruher Fakultät für Informatik wird gegründet.Am 01. Januar 1970 00:00:00 GMT beginnt die UNIX-Uhr zu laufen.

1971 UNIX auf C umgeschrieben, erster Mikroprozessor (Intel 4004).ALAN SHUGART entwickelt bei IBM die Floppy Disk.Die Internet-Protokolle FTP (RFC 114) und Telnet (RFC 137) werdenvorgeschlagen und diskutiert.Project Gutenberg von MICHAEL STERN HART an der U. of Illinois gestartet.

1972 IBM entwickelt das Konzept des virtuellen Speichers undstellt die 8-Zoll-Floppy-Disk vor. Xerox (ROBERT METCALFE),DEC und Intel entwickeln den Ethernet-Standard.Das ARPANET wird der Öffentlichkeit vorgestellt.Ein Student namens STEPHAN G. WOZNIAK lötet sich einenComputer zusammen, der den Smoke-Test nicht übersteht.In der Bundesrepublik arbeiten rund 8.200 Computer.Erster wissenschaftlicher Taschenrechner (Hewlett-Packard 35).

1973 Erste internationale Teilnehmer am ARPANET: NORSAR(Norwegian Seismic Array), Norwegen und U. College of London.ROBERT MELANCTON METCALFE veröffentlicht Gedanken, die1975 beim Xerox PARC zur Entwicklung von Ethernet führen.

1974 Der erste programmierbare Taschenrechner kommt auf denMarkt (Hewlett-Packard 65), Preis 2500 DM.

1975 UNIX wird veröffentlicht (Version 6), Beginn der BSD-Entwicklung.Die Zeitschrift Byte wird gegründet.Erste, mäßig erfolgreiche Personal Computer (Xerox, Altair).Die Firma Microsoft Corporation von WILLIAM HENRY GATES III.und PAUL ALLEN gegründet.Das Xerox PARC meldet Ethernet zum Patent an.Die Computer-Tomografie dringt in die Medizin und andere Gebiete ein.

1976 STEVEN P. JOBS und STEPHAN G. WOZNIAK gründendie Firma Apple und bauen den Apple I. Er kostet 666,66 Dollar.ALAN SHUGART stellt die 5,25-Zoll-Diskette vor.Die nichtprozedurale Datenbanksprache SQL – entwickelt vonEDGAR F. CODD bei IBM – wird veröffentlicht.WHITFIELD DIFFIE und MARTIN E. HELLMANN veröffentlichendie erste Arbeit über unsymmetrische Verschlüsselung.

1977 ROBERT E. KAHN und VINTON GRAY CERF veröffentlichendas Konzept von TCP/IP, anfangs Kahn-Cerf-Protokolle (1974) genannt.

1978 In der Bundesrepublik arbeiten rund 170.000 Computer.Der Commodore PET 2001 – ein Vorläufer des C64 – kommt heraus,

509

4 bis 32 kbyte Arbeitsspeicher, Bildschirm 25 Zeilen zu 40 Zeichen.Erste Tabellenkalkulation Visicalc, für den Apple II,von DAN BRICKLIN und BOB FRANKSTON, Harvard University.Erste Fassung von TEX (DONALD ERVIN KNUTH) veröffentlicht.Das Network Time Protocol (NTP) wird in Gebrauch genommen.

1979 Faxdienst in Deutschland eingeführt.Beginn des Usenet in der Duke University und der University ofNorth Carolina auf der Basis von uucp-Verbindungen (STEVE M. BELLOVIN).Die Zusammenarbeit von Apple mit Rank Xerox führt zur AppleLisa, ein Mißerfolg, aber der Wegbereiter für den Macintosh.Plattenherstellerfirma Seagate gegründet.Gründung der Satelliten-Kommunikations-Firma Inmarsat.BJARNE STROUSTRUP beginnt mit der Entwicklung von C++.Programmiersprache Ada veröffentlicht.Betriebssystem DOS für Intel 8086/8088 von Fa. Seattle ComputerProducts entwickelt, später von Microsoft erworben.

1980 Erster Jugendprogrammier-Wettbewerb der GI.Erster Home-Computer: Sinclair ZX-80, für rund 500 DM.Sony führt die 3,5-Zoll-Diskette ein. In den Folgejahren entwickelnandere Firmen auch Disketten mit Durchmessern von 3 bis 4 Zoll.Microsoft bringt Xenix, ein UNIX für PCs, heraus.

1981 Die Universität Karlsruhe erhält eine Siemens 7881 alszentralen Rechner.IBM bringt in den USA den IBM-PC heraus mit PC-DOS 1.0(MS DOS) als wichtigstem Betriebssystem.In Berlin wird der Chaos Computer Club gegründet.Xanadu-Projekt von TED NELSON, ein Vorläufer des Web.

1982 Die Firma Sun Microsystems wird gegründet, entscheidet sich fürUNIX und baut die ersten Workstations.JIM CLARK gründet Silicon Graphics, Inc. (SGI)SCOTT E. FAHLMAN, damals Student an der CMU, veröffentlicht den erstenGrinsling (Smiley, Emoticon) :-).Beginn des EuNETs, einer der ersten deutschen Internet-Provider,an der Universität Dortmund.WILLIAM GIBSON prägt das Wort Cyberspace.MORTON HEILIG präsentiert einen Spielautomaten für Motorrad-und Auto-Simulationen mit Stereotonfilm, Gebläse, Gerüchen undvibrierenden Sitzen, echt multimedial, aber erfolglos, da zu teuer.

1983 Die Universität Karlsruhe erhält einen Vektorrechner Cyber 205und eine Siemens 7865. Die Cyber leistet 400 Mio. Flops.


Beginn des Lokalen Informatiknetzes Karlsruhe (LINK), ab 1984Xlink, in der Fakultät für Informatik der Universität Karlsruhe.IBM bringt den PC auf den deutschen Markt.UNIX kommt als System V von AT&T in den Handel,die erste Ausgabe der Zeitschrift Computertechnik (c’t) erscheint(Nr. 12/83 vom Oktober 1983).Gründung der X/Open-Gruppe.MS-DOS 2.0 (PC-DOS 2.0) und Novell Netware kommen heraus.Microsoft Windows wird angekündigt.Das ARPAnet wechselt von NCP auf TCP/IP.PAUL V. MOCKAPETRIS veröffentlicht in RFC 882 und 883 das Konzept des DNS.

1984 Der erste Apple Macintosh (128K) und der Hewlett-Packard Thinkjet,der erste Tintenstrahldrucker, kommen auf den Markt.GNU-Projekt von RICHARD MATTHEW STALLMAN gegründet.Der IBM PC/AT mit Prozessor Intel 80 286 und MS-DOS 3.0kommen heraus.Siemens steigt in UNIX (Sinix) ein.Die Universität Karlsruhe wird Email-Relay für Deutschlandzum Computer Science Net (CSNet) in den USA. Als erste Mailerhält Prof. ZORN, U. Karlsruhe, einen Gruß vom CSNet.Entwicklung des X Window Systems am MIT.

1985 MS-Windows 1.0, IBM 3090 und IBM Token Ring Netz.XLink an der Universität Karlsruhe stellt als erstes deutschesNetz eine Verbindung zum nordamerikanischen ARPANET her.Hewlett-Packard bringt den ersten Laserjet-Drucker heraus.

1986 Weltweit etwa eine halbe Million UNIX-Systeme und3000 öffentliche Datenbanken.In den USA nimmt das zivile NFSNET die Arbeit auf.Mit dem Computer-Investitionsprogramm des Bundes und derLänder (CIP) kommen mehrere HP 9000/550 unter UNIX andie Universität Karlsruhe.

1987 Microsoft XENIX (ein UNIX) für den IBM PC/ATIBM bringt die PS/2-Reihe unter MS-OS/2 heraus.Weltweit mehr als 5 Millionen Apple Computer und etwa100 Millionen PCs nach Vorbild von IBM.Das MIT veröffentlicht das X Window System Version 11 (X11).In Berkeley wird die RAID-Technologie entwickelt.Beginn des baden-württembergischen Landeshochschulnetzes BelWue.

1988 JARKKO OIKARINEN, Finnland, entwickelt den IRC.Das Karlsruher Campusnetz KARLA wird durch das Glasfasernetz

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KLICK ersetzt. VBN-Strecke Karlsruhe - Stuttgart im BelWue-Netz.Frankreich geht ans Internet (INRIA, Rocquencourt bei Paris).Gründung der Open Software Foundation (OSF) und der UNIXInternational Inc. MS-DOS 4.0 für PCs.Ein Internet-Wurm namens Morris geht auf die Reise, daraufhin Gründung des Computer Emergency Response Teams (CERT).Erster Hoax (2400-baud-Modem-Hoax) im Internet, siehe CIAC.Erstes landmobiles Satellitensystem für Datenfunk (Inmarsat-C).

1989 Das NFSNET löst das ARPANET als Backbone des Internet ab.UNIX System V Release 4 vereinheitlicht System V, BSD und Xenix.Im Rechenzentrum Karlsruhe löst die IBM 3090 dieSiemens 7881 ab. ISDN in Deutschland eingeführt.Erster deutscher Internet-Direktanschluss via Xlink, Karlsruhe.

1990 Zunehmende Vernetzung, Anschluss an weltweite Netze.Die Internet Society (ISOC) schätzt das Internet auf 500.000 Knoten.Das ARPAnet stellt seinen Betrieb ein.Computer-Kommunikation mittels E-Mail, Btx und Fax vomArbeitsplatz aus. Optische Speichermedien (CD-ROM, WORM).Das Web (URL, HTTP, HTML) von TIMOTHY BERNERS-LEE undROBERT CAILLIAU am CERN in Genf entwickelt.UNIX System V Version 4.Die Hardware eines selbstmontierten PCs mit 386/20 kostet 10.000 DM.Die mittlere Computerdichte in technisch orientierten Instituten undFamilien erreicht 1 pro Mitglied.

1991 Das UNIX-System OSF/1 mit dem Mach-Kernel der Carnegie-Mellon-Universität kommt heraus.17. Sep.: Anfang von LINUX (LINUS BENEDICT TORVALDS).Erster Web-Server in den USA: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center.MS-DOS 5.0 für PCs. Anfänge von Microsoft Windows NT.Das DE-NIC an der Universität Dortmund gegründet.IBM, Apple und Motorola kooperieren mit dem Ziel, einenPower PC zu entwickeln.

1992 Am Neujahrstag stirbt GRACE MURRAY HOPPER, Konteradmiral derUS Navy, wesentlich an der Entwicklung von COBOL beteiligt undEntdeckerin des ersten Bugs, einer Motte im Mark II der Harvard University.Die Universität Karlsruhe nimmt den massiv parallelenComputer MasPar 1216A mit 16000 Prozessoren in Betrieb.Novell übernimmt von AT&T die UNIX-Aktivitäten (USL).FORTRAN 90 verabschiedet.Eine Million Knoten im Internet. Weltweit etwa 50 Web-Server.


Erster deutscher Web-Server, am DESY in Hamburg.1993 MS-DOS Version 6.0. Microsoft kündigt Windows-NT an.

DEC stellt PC mit Alpha-Prozessor vor, 150 MHz, 14.000 DM.Novell tritt das Warenzeichen UNIX an die X/Open-Gruppe ab.MARC ANDREESSEN, NCSA, schreibt einen Web-Browser für dasX Window System mit der Möglichkeit, farbige Grafiken darzustellen.PATRICK VOLKERDING stellt die Linux-Distribution Slackwarezusammen, die erste Distribution von einiger Verbreitung.IAN MURDOCK, Student an der Purdue University, stellt am 16. Augustdas Debian-Projekt vor. Gegen Jahresende Debian GNU/Linux Version 0.90.Das Xlink-Projekt wird aus der Universität Karlsruhe ausgegliedert.Das CERN gibt die WWW-Technologie allgemein frei.Weltweit etwa 250 Web-Server.Das DE-NIC zieht ans Rechenzentrum der Universität Karlsruhe.

1994 Linux 1.0 veröffentlicht.MATTHIAS ETTRICH startet das KDE-Projekt.Das Internet umfasst etwa 4 Mio. Knoten und 20 Mio. Benutzer.Erste Spam-Mail (Canter + Siegel). Erste Banner-Werbung (Wired).MARC ANDREESSEN und JIM CLARK gründen die Firma Netscape.

1995 Kommerzielle Netze lösen in den USA das NFSNET als Backbone ab.Die X/Open-Gruppe führt die Bezeichnung UNIX 95 für Systemeein, die der Single UNIX Specification genügen.Die Universität Karlsruhe ermöglicht in Zusammenarbeitmit dem Oberschulamt nordbadischen Schulen den Zugang zumInternet. Ähnliche Projekte werden auch an einigen anderenHoch- und Fachhochschulen durchgeführt.Die Programmiersprache JAVA wird von Sun veröffentlicht.Online-Auktionshaus Ebay als Sammlerbörse in den USA gegründet.Der Webserver Apache Release 1.0 veröffentlicht.Weltweit etwa 50000 Web-Server.

1996 Die Massen und Medien entdecken das Internet.Debian GNU/Linux Version 1.1 (buzz) wird veröffentlicht, zumJahresende folgt Version 1.2 (rex).FORTRAN 95, eine revidierte Fassung von FORTRAN 90, fertig.Intel bringt den Universal Serial Bus (USB) auf den Markt.Die Open Software Foundation (OSF) und X/Open schließen sich zurOpen Group zusammen.

1997 Fast Ethernet ist erschwinglich geworden, über das Gigabit-Ethernetwird geredet. In Deutschland gibt es rund 20 Mio. PCs und1 Mio. Internetanschlüsse (Quelle: Fachverband Informationstechnik).

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Debian GNU/Linux Version 1.3 (bo) freigegeben, rund 1000 Pakete.Single UNIX Specification Version 2 im Web veröffentlicht.HTML 4.0 vom W3C freigegeben.Die Xlink Internet Service Gmbh wird eine hundertprozentige Tochterdes niederländisch-amerikanischen Telekommunikationskonzerns KPNQwest,der 2002 insolvent und aufgelöst wird.Der Buchversender Amazon meldet ein Patent an dergestalt, dass manmit einem Mausklick im Internet eine Ware bestellt.

1998 Compaq übernimmt die Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC).IBM bringt DOS 2000 heraus, Microsoft kündigt Windows 2000 an.Die Suchmaschine Google Inc. gegründet.Debian GNU/Linux Version 2.0 (hamm) freigegeben, 1500 Pakete.KDE 1.0 veröffentlicht. 9-GB-Festplatten kosten 500 DM.Gigabit-Ethernet-Standard IEEE 802.3z verabschiedet.Gründung der Bluetooth Special Interest Group durch Ericsson,Intel, IBM, Nokia und Toshiba.JONATHAN B. POSTEL, einer der Apostel des Internet und Autorvieler RFCs, gestorben. Siehe RFC 2441: Working with Jon undRFC 2468: I Remember IANA.

1999 Das Y2K-Problem – die Jahrtausendwende – beschäftigt die Gemüter,weil die Programmierer früherer Jahrzehnte mit den Bits knauserten.Der RFC 2550 löst auch gleich das Y10K-Problem.Debian GNU/Linux Version 2.1 (slink) kommt heraus.Betreiber großer Suchmaschinen schätzen die Anzahl derWeb-Seiten weltweit auf 1 Milliarde.LINUS B. TORVALDS wird Ehrendoktor der Universität Stockholm.

2000 Das Y2K-Problem hat sich praktisch nicht ausgewirkt.Den 29. Februar 2000 haben wir auch gut überstanden, einen Schalttagnach einer Regel, die nur alle 400 Jahre angewendet wird.Debian GNU/Linux Version 2.2 (potato) kommt heraus, 6500 Pakete.Microsoft Windows 2000 ist erhältlich. Ein Macro-Virus namensLove Letter sorgt für Aufregung – außerhalb der Linux/UNIX-Welt.Der Intel Pentium kommt bei einer Taktfrequenz von 1,5 GHz an.Zum Jahresende 2 Mio. Internet-Hosts in Deutschland (Quelle: RIPE).

2001 CLAUDE ELWOOD SHANNON gestorben, gilt als Erfinder des Bitsund Begründer der Informationstheorie.JIMMY DONAL WALES und LAWRENCE MARK SANGER startenin den USA die Wikipedia, eine internationale Online-Enzyklopädie aufder Grundlage eines Wikis.Die SCO (Santa Cruz Operation) verkauft ihre UNIX-Rechte an Caldera Systems,


die sich daraufhin The SCO Group nennt und durch einige Prozesse bekannt wird.2002 Die Einführung der Euro-Währung führt zu einem neuen Zeichen

in internationalen Zeichensätzen.Im Herbst befällt der Wurm Slapper zahlreiche Webserver unter Linux.Debian GNU/Linux Version 3.0 (woody) wird als stabil freigegeben.Die Distribution umfasst 8700 Pakete.

2004 PCs werden zunehmend ohne Floppy-Laufwerk ausgeliefert.Ubuntu Linux, ein Debian-Derivat, erscheint erstmals.Politische Überlegungen, die Patentierung von Software zuzulassen,bedrohen die Open Source Welt.

2005 Anfang Juni wird Debian GNU/Linux Version 3.1 (sarge) nach reiflicherÜberlegung als stabil freigegeben und löst 3.0r6 (woody) ab;die Distribution umfasst rund 15.000 Pakete. Woody wird damitzur Old-stable-Version, etch rückt zur Testing-Version auf.In Frankfurt (M) findet die Wikimania 2005 statt, die erste internationaleWikimedia-Konferenz.Die deutsche Wikipedia nähert sich der Marke von 300.000 Einträgen.Internet-Telefonie (Voice over IP) ist stark im Kommen.Prof. KARL STEINBUCH gestorben.Ende des Jahres kommt X11R7 heraus.Der weltweit leistungsfähigste Rechner – ein IBM Blue Gene – läuftunter einem Linux (Quelle: http://www.top500.org/).

2006 Die englische Wikipedia überschreitet die Marke von 1,5 Mio. Einträgen,die deutsche 500.000, die französische 400.000, die japanische unddie polnische 300.000, die schwedische, italienische, niederländischeund portugiesische 200.000.Laut http://www.netcraft.com/ sind die am häufigstenbesuchten Websites Google, Yahoo, Microsoft, BBC, CNN, Ebay,Fox News, Amazon und Wikipedia.Das Deutsche Forschungsnetz nimmt das X-Win in Betrieb, eineNetzinfrastruktur mit Anschlüssen bis zu 10 Gigabit/s und43 Kernstandorten.Mitte des Jahres gibt es 10 Mio. Einträge unter der Top Level Domain.de, sie ist damit weltweit nach .com die zweitumfangreichste.

2007 Debian stellt den Sicherheitssupport für woody ein underklärt zu Ostern die Version 4.0 (etch) mit Kern 2.6.18als stabil.Apple Inc. erwirbt CUPS von Easy Software Products.Im Sommer überschreitet die deutschsprachige Wikipedia die Marke von600.000 Einträgen, der RFC 5001 wird veröffentlicht.

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Die FSF veröffentlicht die Version 3 der GNU GPL und der GNU LGPL.The SCO Group (siehe 2001) beantragt Insolvenz nach Chapter 11.Nach der Statistik von www.top500.org vom November setzen 426 der 500schnellsten Rechner weltweit ein Linux-Betriebssystem ein. Bei denHerstellern führt IBM vor Hewlett-Packard und Dell, bei den Länderndie USA vor dem UK und Deutschland.

2008 Im Januar überschreitet die deutschsprachige Wikipedia die Marke von700.000 Einträgen und ist nach der englischen die zweitgrößte.AOL stellt Entwicklung und Vertrieb des Web-Browsers Netscape ein.Im Februar weiht das Forschungszentrum Jülich einen Supercomputer vom TypIBM Blue Gene ein, der der schnellste zivil genutzte Rechner der Welt ist.Die Kiste ist nicht nur schnell, sondern geht auch sparsam mit der Energie um.