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Eighteenth-Century Literature

(I)The Age of Pope

(Augustan Age Age of Reason)

The term Augustan Age, as referred from Restoration tomid-18th century. It denotes a period of literary excellence, andrefers ac! to the heyday of classical "riting #$irgil, %orace,&'id( under the Roman )mperor Augustus #*+ -1 A/(.Augustan "riters #0ope, Addison, teele, amuel 2ohnson,"ift( imitated the "or!s of their Roman counterparts 3 4eo-classicism

-/e'elopment of an elegant style5 pursuit of fluency and

precision of expression5 moderation, decorum5 good taste,refinement of manner.

-/esire for common sense, alance, proportion andcompromise.

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Some fats an! figures

" #$%&-#' ueen Anne

" #$#'-&$ *eorge I

" #$&$-+% *eorge II

" #$%#-#, ar of Spanish Suession

" #$#, Treaty of .treht

" #$%$ At of .nion /et0een Eng1an! an!Sot1an!

" #$$+ In!epen!ene of Amerian o1onies

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ar of Spanish Suession

" The War of the Spanish Succession0asfought among se2era1 European po0ers3in1u!ing a !i2i!e! Spain3 o2er the

possi/1e unifiation of the 4ing!oms ofSpain an! 5rane un!er one 6our/onmonarh7 As 5rane an! Spain 0ereamong the most po0erfu1 states of Europe3suh a unifiation 0ou1! ha2e !rastia11ya1tere! the European /a1ane of po0er7

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The Rise of Po1itia1 Parties

" In the reign of Char1es II the terms hig

an! Tory first /eame urrent3 as /asis

for the po1itia1 system7

" hig party pre-eminene of persona1

free!om tra!ing 1asses

" Tory party roya1 !i2ine right 1an!e!

1asses

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Some 1iterary features

" Pre!ominane of prose (S0ift3 A!!ison3

Stee1e3 8efoe9)

"Po1itia1 0riting (pamph1eteering)

" C1u/s an! Coffee-houses

" Perio!ia1 0riting The Tatler(#$%:-##)3

foun!e! /y Rihar! Stee1e TheSpectator(#$##-#&)3 foun!e! /y R7 Stee1e

an! ;7 A!!ison

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riters an! 0or

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#?th Century Poetry Alexander

Pope(#+??-#$'')

" Literature as his one 0ay to fame

" !astorals(#$%:)

" An "ssa on Criticism(#$##) in heroioup1ets7 Aim to restate the o!e of the

anients

" The Rape of the Lock(#$#&3 #$#') @o

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" Trans1ations #liad(#$&%)3 $dsse(#$&+)

" E!ition of Sha)

" The %unciad(#$&?) satiria1" An "ssa on &an(#$,,) @an=s p1ae in

the uni2erse

" Phi1osophia1 an! mora1 essays (#$,#->)True ease in writing comes from art, not chance,

As those move easiest who have learned to dance (Essay on

Criticism)

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;ohn *ay (#+?>-#$,&)

" Se2era1 poems (The Rural Sports3 #$#,3!e!iate! to A1eBan!er Pope3 The Art of'alkin( the Streets of London3 #$#+ a

paro!y of the heroi sty1e9)" The Beggars Opera(#$&?)7 The

/eginning of the tra!ition of the omi

opera7 umour3 songs3 a11egory an! satireon soiety76ife is a 7est, and all things sho" it5

I thought so once, and no" I !no" it #ay9s o"n epitaph on his tom(

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TE *RAEDAR8 PETS

" The gra2eyar! shoo1

" A group of mi!- to 1ate #?th entury poets3 neo-

classical in style3 0ho pa2e! the 0ay for the

*othi an! Romantiism7" Poems often set in a gra2eyar!3 0here they

foun! inspiration7

" @e1anho1i3 ref1eti2e 0or

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" Edward Young(#+?,-#$+>) )i(ht Thou(hts(#$'&)3 inspire! /y the !eath of his 0ife7

" Robert Blair(#+::-#$'+) The Grave(#$',)3 a

/1an

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Samue1 ;ohnson (#$%:-?')

" 6iography See 6os0e11=s Life of Samuel

Johnson (#$:#)

" Poetry London(#$,?) F The *anit of

+uman 'ishes(#$':)

" Perio!ia1 essays an! ontri/utions

" The Gentlemans &a(a,ine (#$'#-'')" The Rambler(#$>%->&)

" 'eekl Ga,ette- The #dler(#$>?-+%)

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Dictionary of the English Language(#$>>)

To preser2e the purity an! asertain the

meaning of our Eng1ish i!iom

" Prose

" Rasselas3 Prine of A/yssinia (#$>:)

" Shakespeare(#$+>)

" A Journe to the 'estern #slands ofScotland(#$$>)

" The Lives of the !oets(#$$$-?#)