Egypt“The Gift of the Nile”

• Look at the map and answer the following question:

• What did Herodotus (Greek Historian) mean when he said that Egypt is the “gift of the Nile?”

Nile River

Sahara Desert

The Nile

• Longest river in the world.• Lower Egypt—the land upstream (_______)• Upper Egypt (__________)• What was the “miracle” of the Nile?

• The Nile gave Egyptian farmers ________ of food and they were _________.

• Egypt was blessed by natural barriers:– _________ to East and West– Red Sea to the ________– _________ on the Southern Nile– Mediterranean Sea to ______.

• Mesopotamia was not—it was subject to many invasions.

Religion• Polytheistic (______________)

– Sun gods: Atum or Re. The Egyptian ruler took the title ___________, because he was seen as an earthly form of Re.

– Land gods: Osiris and _____. Osiris brought civilization to Egypt. Seth (________) killed him, cut body in 14 parts, tossed in Nile.

• Isis, Osiris’s wife, found parts and put him back together.

• Osiris symbol of _____________.

The Course of Egyptian History

• 3 Major time Periods: _____________, Middle Kingdom, and ____________

• 3100BS, _________, King, united the villages of Upper (south) and Lower (north) Egypt into a single kingdom creating a dynasty.

• What is a dynasty?

• ________________________________

The Course of Egyptian History

• Old Kingdom:– Age of Prosperity and splendor– _____________ had absolute power--

complete, unlimited power to rule their people.– Bureaucracy-____________________– PYRAMIDS!! Dedicated to the ______.

Surrounded by earthly comforts.– _______________—process of slowly drying a

dead body to prevent it from rotting.– Great Pyramid of King Khufu at Giza.

• Took 100,000 Egyptians ______

• Great _______ guards the Great Pyramid (lion and human head)

The Course of Egyptian History

• The Middle Kingdom– Golden Age, or Age of _____________– Period of ___________– Pharaoh as ____________ of his ____________.

The Course of Egyptian History Middle Kingdom ended with invasion of Hyksos—used horse-

drawn __________ Egyptians learned-how to use _________ in making farm tools

and _________ and military skills

• The New Kingdom– Drove Hyksos out and New Kingdom began.– Strong Military, massive wealth.– Hatshepsut-_________. Succeeded by nephew Thutmose III.– Amenhotep IV-changed gods; worshiped Aton as the sole god,

changed his name to ___________.– Tutankhamen, __________________, restored old gods after

Akhenaton’s death.– Ramses II regained control of land lost under Akhenaton. But

then were invaded by “___________” and New Kingdom Collapsed.

Society in Ancient Egypt

• Society organized like a pyramid

PHARAOH

Upper Class: __________________________________________

Middle Class: merchants, artisans, scribes, tax collectors (traders)

Lower Class: peasants who farmed. _____________________________________.

Daily Life

• __________ unless first wife was childless.

• Husband was master but wives were well ______________.

• Family and property important.

• Purpose of marriage was to produce kids, mainly _________.

• Why?

Hieroglyphics

Early Egyptian writing found on tombs was indecipherable.

Hieroglyphics

______ Carving

No one could read these sacred carvings until Napoleon invaded Egypt and his archaeologists found the Rosetta Stone.

Click on the picture to see your name in hieroglyphics.Click on the picture to see your name in hieroglyphics.

Journal 6: Write a short summary of the finding,

translation, and importance of the Rosetta Stone.

For more information on the Rosetta Stone, log on to one of the following web sites.

http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/writing/rosetta.html

Achievements in Art and Science

• _________, temples and other monuments—artistic and architectural achievements.

• Advances in __________

• 365-day _________

• Practice of ___________ (preserving a dead body to protect it from decay)

• Human Anatomy Knowledge

Assignment

• Read Section 3: Pages 54-60

• Answer the Questions on page 60:– Numbers 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7.

– Get BUSY!!!