EgyptEgypt

Kristen Eckhardt- ResearcherKristen Eckhardt- ResearcherJoey Mitchell- Researcher Joey Mitchell- Researcher Courtney Torbert- DesignCourtney Torbert- DesignMarcus Wright- Presenter Marcus Wright- Presenter

Time LineTime Line►   Periods / DynastiesMain eventsPeriods / DynastiesMain events  3100-2950 BCLate Predynastic PeriodEarliest known   3100-2950 BCLate Predynastic PeriodEarliest known

hieroglyphic writing Foundation of the Egyptian state   2950-2575 BCEarly Dynastic Period hieroglyphic writing Foundation of the Egyptian state   2950-2575 BCEarly Dynastic Period (1st-3rd Dynasties)Creation of the capital city of Memphis Intensive contact with Palestine The (1st-3rd Dynasties)Creation of the capital city of Memphis Intensive contact with Palestine The first pyramid is built - the Step Pyramid at Saqqara   2575-2150 BCOld Kingdomfirst pyramid is built - the Step Pyramid at Saqqara   2575-2150 BCOld Kingdom(4th-8th Dynasties)(4th-8th Dynasties)

 The Great Pyramids are built at Dahshur and Giza Pyramids and elite tombs include the first  The Great Pyramids are built at Dahshur and Giza Pyramids and elite tombs include the first extensive inscriptions   2125-1975 BC1st Intermediate Periodextensive inscriptions   2125-1975 BC1st Intermediate Period(9th-11th Dynasties)Egypt splits into two smaller states, ruled from Memphis in the north and (9th-11th Dynasties)Egypt splits into two smaller states, ruled from Memphis in the north and Thebes in the south   1975-1640 BCMiddle KingdomThebes in the south   1975-1640 BCMiddle Kingdom(11th-14th Dynasties)(11th-14th Dynasties)©©  Mentuhotep reunites Egypt Amenemhat I founds a new royal residence near Memphis Egypt   Mentuhotep reunites Egypt Amenemhat I founds a new royal residence near Memphis Egypt conquers Lower Nubia under Senwosret I and III Classical period of art and literature   1630- conquers Lower Nubia under Senwosret I and III Classical period of art and literature   1630- 1520 BC2nd Intermediate Period1520 BC2nd Intermediate Period(15th-17th Dynasties)Hyksos kings seize power in the north Theban 17th dynasty in the south (15th-17th Dynasties)Hyksos kings seize power in the north Theban 17th dynasty in the south   1539-1075 BCNew Kingdom  1539-1075 BCNew Kingdom(18th-20th Dynasties)(18th-20th Dynasties)©©  Egyptian empire in Near East and Nubia Elaborate tombs of the Valley of Kings Rule of   Egyptian empire in Near East and Nubia Elaborate tombs of the Valley of Kings Rule of woman pharaoh woman pharaoh HatshepsutHatshepsut King King AkhenatenAkhenaten attempts to introduce a monotheistic religion attempts to introduce a monotheistic religion Brief reign of Tutankhamun Brief reign of Tutankhamun Ramesses IIRamesses II rules for 67 years   1075-715 BC3rd Intermediate rules for 67 years   1075-715 BC3rd Intermediate PeriodPeriod(21st-25th Dynasties)Disunity and Libyan settlement in Egypt Nubians conquer Egypt (late 8th (21st-25th Dynasties)Disunity and Libyan settlement in Egypt Nubians conquer Egypt (late 8th century)   715-332 BCLate Periodcentury)   715-332 BCLate Period(20th-30th Dynasties,(20th-30th Dynasties,2nd Persian Period)Egypt conquered briefly by Assyrians Cultural revival under kings from Sais 2nd Persian Period)Egypt conquered briefly by Assyrians Cultural revival under kings from Sais Persian conquest of Egypt (525 BC) Egypt independent again (404-343 BC)   332 BC-395 Persian conquest of Egypt (525 BC) Egypt independent again (404-343 BC)   332 BC-395 ADGreco-Roman PeriodADGreco-Roman Period(Macedonians, Ptolemies,(Macedonians, Ptolemies,and Romans)and Romans)©©  Alexander the Great occupies Egypt Alexander's general, Ptolemy, becomes king and founds   Alexander the Great occupies Egypt Alexander's general, Ptolemy, becomes king and founds a dynasty The Rosetta Stone is carved (196 BC) Cleopatra VII reigns (51-30 BC) Egypt becomes a dynasty The Rosetta Stone is carved (196 BC) Cleopatra VII reigns (51-30 BC) Egypt becomes a province of the Roman Empire (30 BC) a province of the Roman Empire (30 BC)

GeographyGeography►Environment Environment ►- Part of the - Part of the

Sahara DesertSahara Desert Very DryVery Dry Nile RiverNile River runs runs

through which through which starts in the rain starts in the rain forest South of forest South of Egypt.Egypt.

►1450 BC1450 BC

GovernmentGovernment►StructureStructure

Dominated by a single “god like” man Dominated by a single “god like” man known as the Pharaoh. known as the Pharaoh.

TheocracyTheocracy- controlled by the clergy - controlled by the clergy

►OrganizedOrganized Government officials-vizier, or the prime Government officials-vizier, or the prime

minister, the chief treasurer, the tax minister, the chief treasurer, the tax collector, the minister of public works, and collector, the minister of public works, and the army commander. the army commander.

Notable RulersNotable Rulers► Akhenaten- Attempted to make Egyptian’s a Akhenaten- Attempted to make Egyptian’s a

monotheistic religion. monotheistic religion.     ► Amenhotep III- Lead during one of the most prosperous Amenhotep III- Lead during one of the most prosperous

times in Egyptian history.times in Egyptian history.► Hatshepsut- Longest reigning women pharaoh.Hatshepsut- Longest reigning women pharaoh.► Khufu- Builder of the temples of Giza (only one of the Khufu- Builder of the temples of Giza (only one of the

seven wonders of the world remaining).seven wonders of the world remaining).► King Tut (Tutankhamun)- His tomb helped us to learn a King Tut (Tutankhamun)- His tomb helped us to learn a

lot more about Egyptians. lot more about Egyptians. ► Ramses II- Known for expansion and buildings; also Ramses II- Known for expansion and buildings; also

important person in the story of Exodus. important person in the story of Exodus. ► Snefru- Helped Egyptian trade and economy, most Snefru- Helped Egyptian trade and economy, most

famous for the Bent Pyramid of Dashur. famous for the Bent Pyramid of Dashur.

Military ActivitiesMilitary Activities

► ExpansionExpansion 3200 B.C. – 3100 B.C.- First Pharaoh Menes-Naramer, ruler 3200 B.C. – 3100 B.C.- First Pharaoh Menes-Naramer, ruler

of the Southern (upper) Egypt, conquered the Northern of the Southern (upper) Egypt, conquered the Northern (lower) Egypt, making the first large feudal state.(lower) Egypt, making the first large feudal state.

► WeaponsWeapons Light infantry wore a belt and a G-string and carried a bow. Light infantry wore a belt and a G-string and carried a bow. Heavy infantry had shields, a bronze sword, and a copper-Heavy infantry had shields, a bronze sword, and a copper-

headed spear.headed spear. The chariot The chariot

► Methods Methods Natural borders were sufficient to protect the Egyptians Natural borders were sufficient to protect the Egyptians

from outside interference for centuries.from outside interference for centuries. Defense forts built during the Middle Kingdom (2040-1782 Defense forts built during the Middle Kingdom (2040-1782

B.C.)B.C.)

Contributions Contributions ► InventionsInventions Black Ink Black Ink First Ox-Drawn Plows First Ox-Drawn Plows 365 Day Calendar and 365 Day Calendar and

Leap Year Leap Year Paper Paper First Triangular Shaped First Triangular Shaped

Pyramids Pyramids Organized labor Organized labor Hieroglyphics as an Hieroglyphics as an

early system of writing early system of writing Sails Sails

► Teachings Teachings ► ReligionsReligions►Writings Writings ► Economic trade Economic trade

Religious PracticeReligious Practice

► The Egyptians had a “polytheistic” religion, The Egyptians had a “polytheistic” religion, meaning that they had multiple gods. They meaning that they had multiple gods. They are thought to have as many as 2000 gods. are thought to have as many as 2000 gods.

► There two most popular gods were Amon-Ra There two most popular gods were Amon-Ra (god of the universe and sun) and Osiris (god (god of the universe and sun) and Osiris (god of death)of death)

► People were able to worship their gods in People were able to worship their gods in temples. Temples were thought to be a place temples. Temples were thought to be a place where people could communicate with gods. where people could communicate with gods. Nearly every town had a temple where they Nearly every town had a temple where they worshipped Egyptian gods and local gods. worshipped Egyptian gods and local gods.