The Nile River Longest River in the World. (4,160 Miles) River
flows South to North into a Fan Wind blows North to South Trade,
Travel, Linking Kingdom (Uniting) Transportation, Supply of Water
Cataracts (or rapids)
Slide 4
HERODOTUS When the Nile overflows, it floods both its banks to
an average distance of forty miles. But why it does so I find it
impossible to discover.I would particularly like to know why it
starts flooding in mid-summer, of all times, and goes on doing so
for over three months before sinking back to its original
level
Slide 5
Egyptian Civilization along 750 miles of the Nile Heavy Rains =
Summer Floods Farmers (Two to Three crops a year) Food? Canals
(Irrigation systems) Planning promoted cooperation among people.
Granite, Sandstone & Limestone in River (Building
materials)
Slide 6
Nubian & Libyan Deserts Mediterranean & Red Seas Well
protected from invaders Isthmus of Suez Land bridge between Africa
& Asia (Trade, Idea exchanges) How did the Nile River
contribute to the development of Egyptian civilization?
Slide 7
Characteristics of a Civilization (5) What are they? 3000 B.C.
Nile Valley People developed Hieroglyphics (form of writing) 600
signs, pictures, symbols that represents words and sounds Carved in
stone hard materials Scribes read and wrote, worked for church
& government
Slide 8
Slide 9
Egyptian discovered a way to make paper Papyrus = Paper Ink -
soot, water, and plant juice (brush rush) Documents: medical books,
calendars, stories, poems, & prayers Easy to carry around
(clay) http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=DCR8n7qS43w
http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=DCR8n7qS43w http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=DCR8n7qS43w
Slide 10
1798 French Army invaded Egypt French officer discovered
unusual stone Why the name Rosetta? Carved in Stone (Greek,
hieroglyphics, demotic) French language expert solved the mystery
of hieroglyphics, used G Greek to decode it
Slide 11
2680 B.C. to 2180 B.C.
Slide 12
3200 B.C. Menes (King Upper) united Upper & Lower Egypt
Founded Dynasty Rule passed through Family Pharaoh (great house)
held all power (government, judges, high priests, army & trade)
Pyramid Age & Great Sphinx stood as symbols glory of Egyptian
Civilization Three Pyramids built in Giza (King Khufu) (Khafre)
(Menkaure) Sphinx stands to guard Khafres pyramid
Slide 13
Two classes Lower (peasants, farmers, army, labor) Could
improve status but not class Upper (Pharaoh, royal family, scribes,
government, priests, nobles) Women equal status to men (could own
property) Nobility became stronger, Pharaohs power weakened (Ended
Kingdom) Civil wars (100 years)
Slide 14
2050 B.C. to 1780 B.C.
Slide 15
Golden Age (Stability, Prosperity, & Increased Trade) New
line of Pharaohs reunited Egypt Period of Time: Hyksos (Foreigners)
Asia introduced new war tools chariot, compound bow Nobility
regroups grows strong again Hyksos was driven out of Egypt
Slide 16
1570 B.C. to 1080 B.C.
Slide 17
Great Pharaohs regain power (city of Thebes) Powerful &
Strong Army Gained territory (Eastern end of Mediterranean) Built
Empire ruling over Ethnic Groups Hatshepsut (1503-1482 B.C.) First
known female Pharaoh (death of husband) Strong ruler, maintain
boarders, built trade with other lands
Slide 18
1380 B.C. to 1362 B.C. Pharaoh Amenhotep IV ( Social and
Religious change) Before belief in many Gods (Polytheism) Amenhotep
believed in one God (Monotheism) The Sun God symbolized by solar
disk (Aton) Pharaoh changed name (Akhenaton) he who is pleasing to
Aton
Slide 19
People didnt want change in one God Akhenaton dies priests gain
control Ramses II (1279 B.C. to 1213 B.C.) Ramses the Great Held
Empire together, Built many Temples & Monuments Last Great
Pharaoh Series of Sea People weakened Egypt Assyrians, Nubians,
& Persians attacked By 300 B.C. rule by Egyptians Ended
Slide 20
Slide 21
Mined Copper, made Bronze Engineering skills Pyramids, Tombs,
Canals (Irrigation systems) 365 Day Calendar Medical advances
Surgery, Setting the Bone Chariot, Compound Bow Making paper out of
papyrus plant Sculpture, pottery
Slide 22
Front Side- Translate first name into new Egyptian name Draw
symbols vertically on Bookmark Color and decorate front side Back
side- Pick 5 symbols that represent you
egyptartsite.com/symlst.html Separate Paper (Paragraph) 1.What the
symbol means? 2.Why it represents you?