Egypt and North AfricaEgypt and North Africa

Egypt’s LandEgypt’s Land3 main land areas: Nile River Valley, 3 main land areas: Nile River Valley, Sinai Peninsula, and the desertSinai Peninsula, and the desertLifeline of Egypt is the Nile RiverLifeline of Egypt is the Nile RiverSilt left behind after flooding that Silt left behind after flooding that made land good for farmingmade land good for farmingSinai Peninsula is a crossroad Sinai Peninsula is a crossroad between Africa and Southwest Asiabetween Africa and Southwest AsiaSuez Canal, opened to help trade, Suez Canal, opened to help trade, links Mediterranean Sea and Red Sealinks Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea

Egypt’s LandEgypt’s Land

Desert are the Eastern and Libyan Desert are the Eastern and Libyan Deserts which are part of the SaharaDeserts which are part of the Sahara

Oasis- fertile or green area in a Oasis- fertile or green area in a desertdesert

Dry desert climate is found hereDry desert climate is found here

Very little rainfall, instead spring Very little rainfall, instead spring brings hot winds, not cooling rainbrings hot winds, not cooling rain

Egypt’s EconomyEgypt’s EconomyEconomy based on farmingEconomy based on farmingRaw cotton, cotton yarn, and clothing are Raw cotton, cotton yarn, and clothing are main exportsmain exportsAswan High Dam controls flooding of the Aswan High Dam controls flooding of the Nile for farming and provides electricityNile for farming and provides electricityDisadvantages of the dam: block silt so Disadvantages of the dam: block silt so they use fertilizers that pollute the water they use fertilizers that pollute the water and freshwater doesn’t reach the delta, and freshwater doesn’t reach the delta, but saltwater from Med. Sea does, making but saltwater from Med. Sea does, making the land less fertilethe land less fertile

Egypt’s EconomyEgypt’s Economy

Industry produces food products, Industry produces food products, textiles, and consumer goodstextiles, and consumer goods

Tourism an important industryTourism an important industry

Main energy source is oilMain energy source is oil

Country has phosphate- mineral salt Country has phosphate- mineral salt used in fertilizersused in fertilizers

Egypt’s HistoryEgypt’s History

Came under British control during Came under British control during building of the Suez Canalbuilding of the Suez Canal

Gamal Abdel Nasser overthrew Gamal Abdel Nasser overthrew monarchy and created a republicmonarchy and created a republic

Population 72.1 millionPopulation 72.1 million

Cairo- capital and largest city in Cairo- capital and largest city in terms of population in Africaterms of population in Africa

Fellahin- Egyptian peasant farmerFellahin- Egyptian peasant farmer

Egypt’s HistoryEgypt’s History

Bazaar- marketplaceBazaar- marketplace

Many city dwellers work in service Many city dwellers work in service industry- provide services to people industry- provide services to people rather than produce goodsrather than produce goods

Religion- IslamReligion- Islam

First Muslim nation to sign peace First Muslim nation to sign peace treaty with Israeltreaty with Israel

LibyaLibya90% of land is covered by the Sahara 90% of land is covered by the Sahara DesertDesertLacks freshwater so government Lacks freshwater so government built pipelines to carry water from built pipelines to carry water from aquifers underneath the desert. An aquifers underneath the desert. An aquifer is an underground rock layer aquifer is an underground rock layer that store water.that store water.Discovery of oil in 1959 brought Discovery of oil in 1959 brought country great wealth.country great wealth.

LibyaLibya5.5 million people are mixed Arab and 5.5 million people are mixed Arab and Berber. Berber first known people to live in Berber. Berber first known people to live in North Africa.North Africa.Most people live in coastal areas of the Most people live in coastal areas of the Mediterranean Sea.Mediterranean Sea.Libya is a Muslim nation.Libya is a Muslim nation.Tripoli is the capitalTripoli is the capitalIn 1969, Muammar al-Qaddhafi led a In 1969, Muammar al-Qaddhafi led a military coup that ended Libya’s monarchy military coup that ended Libya’s monarchy and set up the Libyan Arab Republic.and set up the Libyan Arab Republic.

LibyaLibya

In 1977, Libya changed its name to In 1977, Libya changed its name to the Great Socialist People’s Libyan the Great Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.(Jamahiriya means Arab Jamahiriya.(Jamahiriya means “state of the masses”) This is a form “state of the masses”) This is a form of a democratic government because of a democratic government because the people that serve in the the people that serve in the Jamahiriya are elected by the people.Jamahiriya are elected by the people.

TunisiaTunisia

Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco make Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco make up region known as the up region known as the Maghreb Maghreb (land farthest west)(land farthest west)

Tunisia is Africa’s smallest countryTunisia is Africa’s smallest country

Farming takes place in coastal areasFarming takes place in coastal areas

Factories produce food products, Factories produce food products, textiles, and oil productstextiles, and oil products

Tourism is a growing industryTourism is a growing industry

TunisiaTunisiaCarthage was a powerful trading Carthage was a powerful trading empire that fought against the empire that fought against the Roman empire for control of the Roman empire for control of the Mediterranean.Mediterranean.Tunisia was a colony of FranceTunisia was a colony of FranceTunisia is a Muslim nationTunisia is a Muslim nation9.9 million people are of mixed Arab 9.9 million people are of mixed Arab and Berber ancestryand Berber ancestryTunis is the capitalTunis is the capital

AlgeriaAlgeria

The largest country in North AfricaThe largest country in North Africa

Atlas Mountains run through northern Atlas Mountains run through northern AlgeriaAlgeria

Ergs- huge, shifting sand dunesErgs- huge, shifting sand dunes

Imports one-third of its foodImports one-third of its food

Oil is an important resourceOil is an important resource

Algeria has trouble with widespread Algeria has trouble with widespread povertypoverty

AlgeriaAlgeria

31.7 million people of mixed Arab 31.7 million people of mixed Arab and Berber ancestryand Berber ancestry

Algeria was a French colonyAlgeria was a French colony

Fought a fierce civil war to gain Fought a fierce civil war to gain independence in 1954independence in 1954

Algeria is a republicAlgeria is a republic

Algeria is a Muslim nationAlgeria is a Muslim nation

AlgeriaAlgeria

Muslims have fought civil wars to Muslims have fought civil wars to oppose secular (nonreligious) policiesoppose secular (nonreligious) policies

Algiers is the capitalAlgiers is the capital

People enjoy casbahs, older sections People enjoy casbahs, older sections of the city of Algiersof the city of Algiers

MoroccoMorocco

Borders both the Mediterranean Sea Borders both the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Oceanand the Atlantic Ocean

Strait of Gibraltar separates Africa Strait of Gibraltar separates Africa and Europe by only 8 milesand Europe by only 8 miles

Farming takes place on coastal plainsFarming takes place on coastal plains

Morocco is a leading producer of Morocco is a leading producer of phosphatephosphate

Tourism is a growing industry Tourism is a growing industry

MoroccoMoroccoMorocco was a colony of both Spain and Morocco was a colony of both Spain and FranceFrance

Berbers were the first to settle in MoroccoBerbers were the first to settle in Morocco

Morocco is a constitutional monarchyMorocco is a constitutional monarchy

Morocco has claimed an area called the Morocco has claimed an area called the Western SaharaWestern Sahara

Have fought a war for control over this Have fought a war for control over this area with a rebel group that wants to area with a rebel group that wants to create an independent countrycreate an independent country

MoroccoMoroccoUnited Nations has not settled United Nations has not settled anything over the Western Sahara anything over the Western Sahara regionregionMorocco is a Muslim nationMorocco is a Muslim nationPopulation is 30.7 millionPopulation is 30.7 millionRabat is the capitalRabat is the capitalMoors are an ethnic group of Moors are an ethnic group of Arab/Berber descentArab/Berber descentSouks are marketplaces in MoroccoSouks are marketplaces in Morocco