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Egypt . Chapter 2 Section 2. Warm up. What do you know about the Ancient Egyptians? Describe where Egypt is located? What is Egypt’s major river? Where do you want to be in 5 years? . The Geography of Egypt . The Nile dominates the Egyptian landscape. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Egypt
Chapter 2 Section 2
What do you know about the Ancient
Egyptians?
Describe where Egypt is located?
What is Egypt’s major river?
Where do you want to be in 5 years?
Warm up
The Nile dominates the Egyptian
landscape. It flows northward across Africa for
over 4,100 miles. It is the longest river in the world.
The Nile was divided by cataracts. – rapids that made it impossible for river boats to pass.
The Geography of Egypt
Where do you think the
Egyptians decided to settle? Why?
Egyptian settlements arose along the Nile on a
narrow strip of fertile land.
Yearly flooding of the Nile brought fertilized
the soil so that Egypt could grow crops and produce a surplus. The flooding of the Nile was predictable and
reliable. The Egyptians worshiped the Nile as a god
who gave life and seldom turned against them.
Herodotus – “Egypt was the gift of the Nile.”
The Gift of the Nile
What does it mean that
Egypt was the “gift of the Nile”?
Although the Nile flooded predictably, the
amount of flooding varied. Too little flooding – thousands would starve Too much flooding – waters would destroy
houses, granaries, and seeds. Huge deserts on either side of Egypt acted as
natural barriers. Provided protection and isolation.
Environmental Challenges
The southern part of the Nile is known as Upper
Egypt. It has a higher elevation.
Lower Egypt is to the north and includes the Nile delta region. – a broad, marshy, triangular area of land at the mouth of the river.
The Nile provided transportation between Upper and Lower Egypt. This helped unify Egypt’s villages and
promote trade.
Upper and Lower Egypt
Egyptians lived in farming villages as long ago as
5000 B.C.E. Each village had its own rituals, gods, and rulers.
By 3200 B.C.E., Egypt was organized into two separate kingdoms. Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt. Eventually, the two kingdoms were united by
Narmer around 3000 B.C.E. Narmer is seen on a palette wearing a
combination of the crown of Upper and Lower Egypt.
Egypt Unites
To other early civilizations, kings were seen as
representatives of gods. In Egypt, the kings were gods. Pharaohs – Egyptian god kings. Because
Egyptians believed the Pharaoh to be god, their government was considered a theocracy.
Egyptians believed that the Pharaoh bore full responsibility for the kingdom’s wellbeing. He caused the sun to rise, the Nile to flood,
and the crops to grow.
Pharaohs Rule as gods
Egyptians believed that their king ruled even
after his death. Ka – his eternal life force that continued to
take part in government. Because the king was expected to rule
forever, his tomb was more important than his palace.
Builders of the Pyramids
What would you put in your tomb?
kings during the Old Kingdom, Egyptians build
huge pyramids to serve as the tombs of their Pharaohs. These were huge engineering
achievements.
Pyramids at Giza
Largest is the Great Pyramid
- 756 feet on each side- 450 feet high (45 stories)
- 2 million stones- 13 acres (8 football fields)
Egyptian Architecture
Inside the Great Pyramid
B
C
F
EA
D
GAir Vents
Entrance
1st Burial Site – Waste disposal
2nd Burial Site – Queen’s chamber
Escape route
Grand Gallery153 feet
Pharaoh’s Burial Site
The pyramids reflect the strength of the
Egyptian civilization. They had the economic strength and the technological means to support massive public works projects. They also had strong leadership to direct and carry these projects out.
Answer the questions on your notes using the
information posted around the room.
Egyptian Culture