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Field Survey of the 2018 Anak Krakatau Tsunami on the Islands in the Sunda StraitHermann M. Fritz1, Tubagus Solihuddin2, Costas E. Synolakis3,4,Gegar S. Prasetya5, Jose C. Borrero6, Vassilis Skanavis3, Semeidi Husrin2, Widjo Kongko7, Dinar C. Istiyanto7, August Daulat2,
Dini Purbani2, Hadiwijaya L. Salim2, Rahman Hidayat2,Velly Asvaliantina2, Maria Usman5, Ardito Kodijat9
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https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2020/EGU2020‐11838.html
1 School of Civil and Environmental Eng., Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA 2 Marine Research Centre, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia3 Dept. of Civil and Env. Eng., University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA4 Dep. of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chanea 73100, Greece 5 Indonesian Tsunami Scientific Community, Jakarta 12950, Indonesia6 eCoast Ltd., 47 Cliff St., Raglan 3225, New Zealand7 Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Yogyakarta 55284, Indonesia8 Coordinating Ministry for Maritime Affairs – Jakarta 10340, Indonesia9 IOC‐UNESCO, Indian Ocean Tsunami Information Center (IOTIC), Jakarta 12110, Indonesia
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Volcanic Tsunamis:Krakatau 1883 and 2018
Anak Krakatau Before(Photo: September 2018)
Krakatau 1883 remnant Rakata
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Volcanic Tsunamis – Krakatau 1883Anak Krakatau Before (Photos: September 2018)
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Meeting at Marine Research Center (MRC):Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MoMAF) and Coordinating Ministry of Maritime Affairs (CMoMA)
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TIDE STATION POINTS
# Lon. (deg) Lat. (deg.) Sta. Name
1 105.8410 ‐6.1893 Serang2 105.9530 ‐6.0176 Ciwandan3 104.2130 ‐5.5204 Bangkunat4 104.6190 ‐5.5003 Kota Agung5 105.3190 ‐5.4713 Panjang
G.A.K
Slide:Widjo Kongko
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‐1.00
‐0.80
‐0.60
‐0.40
‐0.20
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
22/12
/2018
7:00:0
0
22/12
/2018
8:00:0
0
22/12
/2018
9:00:0
0
22/12
/2018
10:00
:00
22/12
/2018
11:00
:00
22/12
/2018
12:00
:00
22/12
/2018
13:00
:00
22/12
/2018
14:00
:00
22/12
/2018
15:00
:00
22/12
/2018
16:00
:00
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17:00
:00
22/12
/2018
18:00
:00
22/12
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19:00
:00
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20:00
:00
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21:00
:00
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/2018
22:00
:00
22/12
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23:00
:00
23/12
/2018
0:00:0
0
23/12
/2018
1:00:0
0
23/12
/2018
2:00:0
0
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/2018
3:00:0
0
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/2018
4:00:0
0
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0
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Water
Elevat
ion (m
)
Time (UTC+7:00 / WIB)
Ciwandan(105.953E, 6.0176S)
MARIGRAM: CiwandanG.A.K
‐0.6
‐0.4
‐0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
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18 7:00
:00
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18 8:00
:00
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18 9:00
:00
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18 10
:00:00
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18 11
:00:00
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18 12
:00:00
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18 13
:00:00
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18 14
:00:00
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18 15
:00:00
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18 16
:00:00
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18 17
:00:00
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18 18
:00:00
22/12/20
18 19
:00:00
22/12/20
18 20
:00:00
22/12/20
18 21
:00:00
22/12/20
18 22
:00:00
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18 23
:00:00
23/12/20
18 0:00
:00
23/12/20
18 1:00
:00
23/12/20
18 2:00
:00
23/12/20
18 3:00
:00
23/12/20
18 4:00
:00
23/12/20
18 5:00
:00
23/12/20
18 6:00
:00
23/12/20
18 7:00
:00Water Elevation (m
)
Time (UTC+7:00 / WIB)
Ciwandan(105.953E, 6.0176S)
Slide:Widjo Kongko
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Sunda Strait Islands Tsunami Field Survey
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RakataIsland
Maximum85 m runup
8Fritz et al., 2020
Rakata Island
9
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Rakata Island
10
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Rakata Island
11
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Rakata Island
12
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Rakata Island
13
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Rakata Island
14
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Rakata Island
15
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Rakata Island
16
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Rakata Island
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Rakata Island
18
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Rakata Island
19
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Krakatau Volcanic Complex
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Panjang Island
21
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Panjang Island
22
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Panjang Island
23
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Anak Krakatau Volcano
24
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Anak Krakatau Volcano
25
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Sertung Island
26
Anak Krakatau
Rakata
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Sertung Island
27
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Sertung Island
28
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Sertung Island
29
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Sertung Island
30
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Sebesi
NearestInhabitedIsland
31
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Sebesi Island
32
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Sebesi Island
33
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Sebesi Island
34
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Sebesi Island
35
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Waymuli, Sumatra
36
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Waymuli, Sumatra
37
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Panaitan Island, Ujung Kulon National Park
38Fritz et al., 2020
Panaitan Island, Ujung Kulon National Park
39
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Panaitan Island, Ujung Kulon National Park
40Fritz et al., 2020
Panaitan Island, Ujung Kulon National Park
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Ujung Kulon National Park
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Ujung Kulon National Park
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Ujung Kulon National Park
44
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Ujung Kulon National Park
45
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Eyewitness Interview
46
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Sunda Strait Islands Tsunami Field Survey
47
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2018 Sunda Strait tsunami CONCLUSIONS• ITST collected 87 tsunami heights February 4‐9, 2019• Maximum 85 m runup on Rakata and an 83 m runup on Sertung.• Flow depth reached more than 11 m above ground on Sertung. • On Sebesi Island located 15 km northeast of the source tsunami runup
heights remained below 10 m.• Tsunami heights exceeding 10 m were observed in the Ujung Kulon
National Park located 50 km southwest. • The runup distributions on the islands encircling Anak Krakatau
highlight the directivity of the collapse towards the southwest. • Inundation and damage were mostly limited to within 400 m of the
shoreline given the relatively short wavelengths of volcanic tsunamis.• The team interviewed numerous eyewitnesses based on established
protocol and educated residents about tsunami hazards. • Community‐based education and awareness programs are essential to
save lives in locales at risk from locally generated tsunamis. • Regrowth of Anak Krakatau will determine the future tsunami hazard • PAGEOPH Borrero et al., 2020 tentatively accepted for publication
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Acknowledgments
This work is supported by • National Science Foundation NSF RAPID award CMMI‐1906162
• Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation
Fritz et al., 2020
Terima Kasih ‐ QuestionsFritz et al., 2020