EGR 386W

PROJECT: Proposal of Solar truck Project

Date of Report: April, 27, 2014

GROUP MEMBER:

Solar International Corporation

Fahad Alahmari Hamed Alharbi

Nathan Ceniceros Jingyun Chen

Hengming Dai Mohammad Molani

Eli Palomares Jiyan Wang

1

Table of ContentsTable of Contents.............................................................................................................................2

Figure...............................................................................................................................................4

Table................................................................................................................................................5

1. Project Summary......................................................................................................................6

2. Problem Statement....................................................................................................................6

2.1 Need......................................................................................................................................6

2.2 Problem Definition...............................................................................................................6

3. State of the Art..........................................................................................................................7

4. Quality Function Deployment..................................................................................................8

4.1 Customer Requirement.........................................................................................................8

4.2 Benchmarking.....................................................................................................................10

4.3 Engineering Requirement...................................................................................................10

4.4 QFD....................................................................................................................................11

5. Project Management...............................................................................................................12

5.1 Work Breakdown Structure................................................................................................12

5.2 Gantt Chart..........................................................................................................................13

6. Final Design............................................................................................................................14

7. Analysis..................................................................................................................................15

7.1 Calculation of the energy of the car for the round trip and the number of solar panels.....15

7.2 Calculating the number of solar panels that is needed.......................................................16

7.3 The calculation of the needed number of solar batteries....................................................16

7.4 The calculation of the needed number of truck batteries....................................................16

7.5 Vehicle Acceleration Test...................................................................................................16

7.6 Solar irradiance figures.......................................................................................................17

7.7 Calculation of structure analysis.........................................................................................18

7.8 Braking energy recover system..........................................................................................19

8. Budget.....................................................................................................................................20

9. Statement of Qualifications....................................................................................................20

10. Conclusion/ Summary........................................................................................................22

11. References...........................................................................................................................23

12. Appendix.............................................................................................................................24

12.1 QFD....................................................................................................................................24

12.2 Resume...............................................................................................................................25

12.3 Gantt Chart.............................................................................................................................35

Figure

Figure 1: WBS...............................................................................................................................12

Figure 2: Solar Angle and Insolation.............................................................................................18

Figure 3: Structure Analysis..........................................................................................................19

Figure 4: Gantt chart......................................................................................................................35

Figure 5: Flow chart.......................................................................................................................38

Figure 6: Location..........................................................................................................................39

Figure 7: Pole.................................................................................................................................40

Figure 8: Solar station....................................................................................................................40

Table

Table 1: Objective Table.................................................................................................................7

Table 2: Budget..............................................................................................................................36

1. Project Summary

The client in Yua did not have a consistent transportation to deliver goods from the village to the market. The group members were willing to help the client to use more reliable transportation. The newly designed transportation would have an alternative fuel source freeing the client from the inconsistent and unreliable fuel source. To solve the dependency on an unreliable fuel source a vehicle was designed to run off of solar energy. Solar energy is abundant and constant in the region so there are no essentially no days where work will be hindered by lack of fuel. Thus, the team wanted to design a vehicle using the solar energy instead of traditional fuel sources.

When the client is in Ghana, the fuel source is unreliable and limited. The unpredictable fuel source hinders the ability to transfer goods and keep a regular work schedule. An alternative fuel source form of transportation would lessen the dependency on the limited fuel.

Mr. David Willy is the client for this project. The stakeholders for this project are the village of Yua in Ghana and the Green Village Plan Development Non-Governmental Organization. The customer for this project is the workers of the village because they would be the primary users of the new transportation.

2. Problem Statement

This section stated the problem that the team need to solve from the following two aspects: need statements and problem definition, which was separated by three parts: the team goal statement, objectives, and constraints.

2.1 Need

The client needs a reliable and consistent transportation and fuel source.

2.2 Problem Definition

This section has preliminary goal statements with the team’s objectives and constraints given by the client.

Goal Statement

The following is a list of proposed goal statements provided to the client.

Design electrical system to reduce the use of fuel (consumption).

Design electrical car conversion that contains the solar system.

Design electrical car conversion and charging statement.

Design alternative source of fuel system or energy source.

Design a hybrid car to save fuel or other source consumption.

After discussing with the client, the final goal statement of the project is to design an electrical vehicle conversion and charging station that is economical.

Objectives

Table 1 that is a detailed illustration of the project objective, which includes objectives, basis of measurement, criteria, and units.

Table 1: Objective Table

Objective 2 should be evaluated under normal road conditions and use. Objective 3 and 4 should be evaluated under the proper knowledge and tools for necessary assembly/ repairs. Objective 5 should be measured under the condition of a load of 1000lbs per trip.

Constraints

The following is a list of expected project constraints provided to the client.

The vehicle must travel 31miles round trip with a grade of 500ft in one direction.

The vehicle must carry a load of 1000lbs for 15.5 miles up a grade of 500ft.

The cost of the vehicle must be under client’s budget.

The solar panels must produce 240 volts and 30 amps in the village of Yua year round during optimal day light hours.

The need of the client was refined with conversations and meetings with the client to find the real problem of the village. The objectives were created for the unique situation of the project. It must be inexpensive for lack of funding and simple yet durable because of the remote location and minimal technical skills of the customers. The constraints were provided by the client and based off of the tasks the transportation would need to complete.

3. State of the Art

This section summarizes the resources that relevant to the project which were solar battery, electric battery, and the electric vehicle motor.

A key aspect of the group’s design is the storage of electricity from the solar panels. To store the energy from the solar panels the group needs a solar battery.

“The heat battery: Solar thermal energy storage for heating loads” This conference discusses an applied research project on how to design a Heat Battery system that is able to receive energy converted from solar radiation and stored in the thermal form to be supplied on demand for residential space and water heating [1]. An important design aspect of the vehicle is designing for the load of the motor and to do this the group needed to adjust power limits of the batteries. “Method for Adjusting Battery Power Limits in a Hybrid Electric Vehicle to Provide Consistent Launch Characteristics” It represents important information on improving the performance of an energy storage system which can lead to a high density electrical energy storage device such as a battery. As a result, the electric vehicle can travel for a long distance due to high electrical energy. It also gives information on the batteries performance and what cause them to function professionally or last longer [2]. To get a basic understanding of how an electric vehicle works and the different components of the vehicle, the group did some research. “Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: Design Fundamentals” is a text book that goes into more details about the design process for the electric and hybrid vehicles. It also represents the fundamental steps for designing these car which involves the batteries that will be used in electric vehicle. Besides, it provides effective design examples and discusses alternative vehicle control strategies and communications [3].

A large part of the design of the truck depends on the electric motor. To find out what type of motor needed the group looked for sources on electric vehicle motors. “Brushless DC motors for electric and hybrid vehicles” this journal article is referenced because it detailed describes several DC motors are used to design the electric and hybrid vehicles. In addition, it shows that using the brushless DC motors for electric vehicles can make a significant contribution on energy conservation at a reasonable initial cost. This motor drive system could be implemented into the design of the solar truck [4].

The state of the art research was useful for individual aspects of the design of the solar truck. As a whole there has not been many conversions of small utility trucks from gas to electric so little information was found.

4. Quality Function Deployment

This section was the methodology to transform the customer desires into a specific plan. It contained customer requirements, benchmarking, engineering requirements, and a detailed QFD table (See Table A-1 in Appendix).

4.1 Customer Requirement

The customer requirements are a set of standards or qualities the vehicle and the solar charger must meet.

1. WeatherproofThe resistance to certain climate and weather changes. For example heavy rains, sunny skies, etc.

2. Road LegalCar dimensions pertaining to government regulations. For example, width, height, wheel specifications, etc.

3. 3-year lifetimeThree year guarantee no major issues regarding over performance of the truck. We are responsible for any malfunctions

4. Solar EfficiencyEnergy being transferred from the sun to the solar panel. The amount of luminous energy that is being converted to electricity.

5. Motor EfficiencyThe motor efficiency is the ratio between the power output in the shaft, and the electrical input power

6. 20-year solar panel lifespanThe solar panel has a guarantee lifespan of at least 20 years to work properly. Any issues will result in free replacement

7. Solar TrackerThe angle best adjusted according to the sun’s full irradiated area. The most effective latitude location in reference to the sun.

8. 1000lb Truck CapacityThe ability for the truck to carry a load of 1000 pounds of goods/people during a duration of 31 miles roundtrip.

9. 31 Miles RoundtripThe ability to travel 31 miles round trip with a weight of at least 1000 pounds of goods/people.

10. Ease of repairRepair of any damaged components in a short amount of time without complications and least amount of effort.

11. Initial costThe cost due to building the entire truck, including all features and functions.

12. Operation & Maintenance CostThe money spent of operating and maintaining the truck in good condition, including all repair costs.

13. SafetySafe transportation for all passengers. For example, air bags, seat belts, comfortable spacing, etc.

14. Ease to Build Solar StructureAny solar component involved, easy to construct in a short matter of time.

15. Ease of Assembly of Truck

Includes all assembly parts needed to put the truck together in order for it to function properly. Little effort needed in little amount of time.

16. Battery Storage EfficiencyThe energy being stored inside the battery with its most efficiency. Some energy may be lost when being transferred to the battery.

4.2 Benchmarking

This section compared the groups design with best electric vehicles on the market that are similar in design to our vehicle. Benchmarking will give the group a good idea of what is on the market currently.

Company: Wuling

Model: PLN Electric Truck

Wuling’s small electric truck can travel a maximum of 34 miles. It can seat 2 passengers in the cab portion of the truck and a maximum speed of 25mph. The truck has a maximum load of 604 lbs not including 2 passengers.

Company: BYD

Model: e6

BYD’s e6 all electric car has an estimated range of 186 miles with a top speed of 87 mph. The e6 can seats 5 passengers including the driver. The e6 can charge completely from 0 to 100% battery in 2 hours.

Company: GEM

Model: eL XD

GEM’s el XD has a range of 40 miles and a top speed of 25mph. The el XD’s load capacity is 1,450lbs. The el XD’s flatbed size is 70”X48”.

4.3 Engineering Requirement

This section will set the standards of how the group will accomplish the costumer’s requirements.

1. Electric ConsumptionThe amount of electric energy being consumed by the truck to travel a specific distance. [kJ/miles]

2. Interior AreaThe space within the passenger compartment used for storage and for seating. [ft^3]

3. ResistanceThe aerodynamics in regards to the surface area of the car. The drag force, wind resistance, etc. [lbf]

4. Electric CurrentThe flow of electric charge between the electrical components of the car. [A]

5. Cord LengthThe length of the cord leading from the charging station to the electrical output. [in]

6. VoltageThe difference in electrical potential energy of a unit charge transported between two points. [V]

7. Width of truckThe distance that expands from the far left driver’s side, to the far left passenger’s side. [ft]

8. Overall HeightThe distance from the bottom of the tires up to the highest point of the truck. [ft]

9. WeightThe overall load of the truck, including all passengers/goods.

10. Travel TimeThe time needed to get from start to end point. [hr]

11. Charge TimeThe duration to replenish the battery [hr]

12. SpeedThe truck’s velocity. [Mph]

13. Solar StorageThe amount of electricity retained from the solar panels. [KW]

14. Energy StorageThe amount of electricity held within the truck. [KW]

15. Material ToughnessThe materials elastic range. [Pa]

16. Wheel DimensionsThe length of the diameter of the truck’s wheel. [in]

4.4 QFD

The QFD table (See Table A-1 in appendices) was a process that assisted with the design process by compiling the customer and engineering requirements with importance weighted for each aspect. The QFD also benchmarked the group’s design against the leading competitors.

The costumer’s requirements were what the client needed the transportation to be able to do, while the engineering requirements were what the design needed to have in order to achieve the customer requirements. The eL XD vehicle was the best comparison to what are truck should be. It was able to achieve all the customer’s requirements and would be a good basis to model the group’s vehicle.

5. Project Management

This section included the team’s work break down structure, and the project Gantt chart which illustrated the work distribution and outline.

5.1 Work Breakdown Structure

Error: Reference source not found, located below, is a breakdown of engineering tasks used to build an electric truck with solar charger

Figure 1: WBS

5.2 Gantt Chart

The Gantt chart (See figure 1 in the appendices) was the team’s outline for the project. The milestones in the Gantt chart were all marked by due dates of papers and presentations. The chart was broken into three levels the top level was the broadest, and each lower level got narrower with the last level having specific tasks assigned to each team member. All the tasks were given a start date and the end dates either correlated with due dates or the time needed to complete each task.

The WBS and the Gantt chart were created using the same program. The WBS was the written part of the Gantt chart with all the labels of each task, the start and end dates, and the assigned person to each task. The Gantt chart was the graphical representation of the WBS laid out as a timeline.

6. Final Design

The final design did not change much from the pre-proposal some more components were added and parts were changed. Almost every initial picked part for the rhino had to be replaced. The electric motor that was chosen for the first design did not have enough power for the requirements. The new k-9 Kostov motor is able to accelerate the rhino from 0 to 60 in 11.91s which is comparable to the stock motor of the rhino. The downside of the new motor was it required 220V and 176A significantly more power than the original motor. In order to supply the motor with 220V the first picked truck batteries would have to be wired 19 in series by 3 in parallel which would have weighed over 3,000lb. To cut down the weight of the vehicle new batteries were needed. The problem with deciding on new batteries was finding the right ratio between voltage and Amh. To minimize weight, batteries with 24V and 200Amh was found to be the best combination, there was no need to wire in parallel to increase the Amh and only ten batteries were needed to get the correct voltage. Ten traditional 24V 200Amh batteries still weighed around 2,000lb which would put too much stress on the rhino carrying a full 1,000lb load. There is a direct correlation to the weight of a battery and the cost of a battery; to get the total weight added of the batteries under 1,000lb a lithium ion type was needed. The lithium ion lynx came as an entire system, ten batteries were selected and a charger was provided for an additional cost. A solid works rendering of the motor and battery placement can be found in Figure 6. The k-9 Kostov motor had a recommended controller on the website where it was found, it suggested the Evnectic Soltin 1/Jr. The controller connects in-between the truck batteries and the motor. The controller works by connecting a system to the back of the gas pedal and the brake. When pressing down on the gas pedal the controller increases the voltage to the motor. When the brake pedal is pressed down it sends a signal to the motor to switch from the normal motor mode and change into essentially a generator recovering energy.

To optimize the solar radiation capture an angle changing stand was designed. The stand for the solar panels was designed with 4” steel piping as the four supporting corner frames. A slightly smaller steel piping was connected to the mounting system purchased from iron ridge with a spring button locking system installed. The larger 4” steel frame has predrilled holes for the smaller locking system to be inserted to adjust the angle of the solar panels and CAD drawing is in Figure 7 and total drawing in Figure 8. From Solar Electricity Handbook [7] online calculator the optimal angles were 96° for summer and 81° for the winter facing directly south. The stand will be 9’ tall before the poles are adjusted but with the angle adjustment the height will range from 6.89’ to 10.43’. To secure the corner poles in place a foundation will be dug 3’ with a diameter of a 1’into the ground and the pole will be placed into the foundation and surrounded with concrete. To provide the calculated 15.91KWh needed per day by the rhino the calculated number of solar panels was 15. For the arrangement of the solar panels a 4X4 mounting system was used but a corner panel was left out since only 15 panels were needed. The panels were wired 2 pairs of 4 in series connected in parallel producing a total of 16.66A, over 150’ of wire was needed. A solar panel controller rated up to 20A was selected in order to prevent over charging and discharging of the 7 S-1590 solar batteries. To protect the batteries from the elements they were placed inside a large prefabricated plastic container. An inverter was needed

after the solar batteries to increase the 12V output and the battery charging system ran off of AC. There is a flow chart of the final design in Figure 5: Flow chart in the appendix.

7. Analysis

7.1 Calculation of the energy of the car for the round trip and the number of solar panels:

In order to calculate the total amount of energy needed for the round trip, the trip has to be broken into parts. The first part of the trip is to be going to the market with a full load so the total weight of the vehicle is going to be 2,200 lbs for a distance of 15.5 miles and up to 500 ft.

m.g

θ=tan−1( 500 ft81,840 ft )=0.35°

Rolling resistance is 0.2 = kinetic friction

F A=12

ρ A CDV 2 = (1.23kgm2) (2.8066 m2) (29.50464

ms )2 =

1202.062

kg . ms2

2299 lbs = 997.449 kg, FF = μ .m. g cosθ = 601.03 N to maintain 60 mph or 29.50464 ms

Fm = m. g. sinθ + FF + FA

Fm = (997.449 kg) (9.8 ms2 ) (sin (0.35°)) + 0.2 (997.449 kg) (9.8

ms2 ) (cos (0.35°)) + 601.03

N

sin comp + cos comp + Air comp

Fm = 59.7726 N + 195.69 N + 601.03 N

1000 lbs load at an angle of 0.35°, rolling resistance of 0.02 to the market

For the return trip there will be 1,199 lbs and 60 mph at an angel of -0.35°with the same rolling resistance.

Fm = (543.854 kg) (9.8 ms2 ) (sin (-0.35°)) + 0.2 (543.85 kg) (9.8

ms2 ) (cos (-0.35°)) + 601.03

N

Fm = -32.5909 N + 106.703 N + 601.03 N

Fm = 675.142 N

The total energy needed to make a round trip

FnF500ft

F81840 ft.

The travel distance=√24944.82m+162.42 m=24945.3 m To needed energy to the market 856.499 N (24945.3 m) = 2136559 J

To needed energy from the market 675.142 N (24945.3 m) = 2136559 J

Total trip = 38207189 J

Kwh = 10.613 Kwh

Weight, factor of safety of 1.5

= 1.5 (10.613 Kwh) = 15.91 Kwh/day per day trip

7.2 Calculating the number of solar panels that is needed

The worst case scenario is the month of August 4.20 Kwh/m2/day

15.91 Kwh, Efficiency of solar panel 15.81 %, the size is 1.67658 m2

4.20 Kwh/ m2/day. 15.81%

15.91 kwh/day = 4.20 kwh/m2.15.81. (Size of array m2), Array > 23.9601 m2

The needed number of panels that is needed is 23.9601m2

1.67658m2 =14.2911=15 panels at 31.9 Volt, and 8.33 Amp7.3 The calculation of the needed number of solar batteries :

2V ×1200 Amh1000

=2.4 kwh,The number of batteries=15.912.4

=6.6 ≈7 batteries

7.4 The calculation of the needed number of truck batteries :

The number of batteries=220V24 V

=9.2 ≈10 batteries , Need 176A batteries have 200Amh.

7.5 Vehicle Acceleration Test

t 60=va

t 60: Acceleration time of the vehicle from 0 to 60 mph;v: velocity of the vehicle,a: acceleration of the vehicle

F t = T ×ig ×id × ηt

r

24944.8 m

162.4

(F t : driving force of the motor; T : the torque of the motor; ig : gearbox ratio of the motor; id : differential ratio of the motor;ηt: the mechanical efficiency of the motor; r: the radius of the tire of the vehicle.)

The motor that the team chose is K9-220v, which the torque of the motor (T ) is 30.98 lbf*ft, the gearbox ratio of the motor (ig) is 3.67, the differential ratio of the motor (id) is 4.722. The radius of the tire of the vehicle (r) is 14in, and the mechanical efficiency of the motor (ηt) is 89.5%.

F t= T ×ig ×id × ηt

r = 411.86 lbf

Fm=0.5 × ρair × Ac ×Cd × vc2(Fm : the drag force of the vehicle; ρair : the density of the air; Ac : front area of the vehicle;

Cd : drag efficiency;vc : the velocity of the vehicle relative to the wind.)

The density of the air (ρair) is 2.387×10-3 slug/ft3; the front area of the vehicle Ac is 30.21 ft2; the drag coefficient (Cd) is 0.4; the velocity of the wind (Vw) is 6mph, and the velocity of the vehicle relative to the wind (vc) is 66 mph.

Fm=0.5× ρair × Ac ×Cd × vc2 = 135.08 lbf

F f =μ× W total

F f : rolling resistance of the vehicle; µ: the friction coefficient; W car : the pure weight of the vehicle; W eq: the weight of the battery and other equipment;W load : the weight of the load; W total: the total weight of the vehicle.

The friction coefficient (µ) is 0.02; the pure weight of the vehicle (W car) is 1199 lb; the weight of the battery and other equipment (W eq) is 801 lb; the weight of the load (W load) is 1000 lb; the total weight of the vehicle (W total) is 3100 lb.

F f =μ× W total = 62 lbf a =F t+Fm−F f

mtotal =5.034 m/s2

t 60=va = 11.91s

7.6 Solar irradiance figures

Country: Ghana City: TamaleSolar panel direction: Facing directly south

Figure 2: Solar Angle and Insolation

7.7 Calculation of structure analysis # of legs is 4

Figure 3: Structure Analysis

7.8 Braking energy recover system

Wair = 12

×Cd × ρ ×A × ∫0

3.356

(29.50464−7.193t )2(29.5064 t−3.5965 t2)2

Choosing Cd = 0.4, A = 2.80660084 m2 Eair=19.64 kJ

Ek=12

×1042.8088 (26.82242−2.682242 )=371.36758 kJ

Eroll=w × F r × 49.5m

¿1042.8088 ×9.81 ×0.02 × 49.5=10.127655 kJ

E slope=w × sinθ× 49.5=1042.8088× 9.81× 0.006109367 × 49.5=3.094 kJ

Eb=Ek−Eroll−Eroll−Eslope=343.9 kJCD = 0.4, Eb = 338.51 kJNew mass m = 1406.13635 kJ ----- Eb= 463.29 kJ Pure Recovera= -7.195, t = 23.1075V1 = 29.50464 – 7.195 tWair = 1

2×Cd × ρ ×A × ∫

0

3.73

(29.50464−7.195 t)2(29.5064 t−3.5975 t2)2

Choosing Cd = 0.4, A = 2.80660084 m2 Eair=19.89kJ

Ek=12

×1042.8088 (26.82242−02 )=375.12 kJ

Eroll=w × F r × 49.5m

¿1042.8088 ×9.81×0.02×50=10.23 kJ

E slope=w × sinθ× 49.5=1042.8088× 9.81× 0.006109367 × 49.5=3. .125 kJ

Eb=Ek−Eroll−Eroll−Eslope=341.875 kJCD = 0.4, Eb = 341.875 kJNew mass m = 1406.13635 kJ ----- Eb= 467.92 kJ 8. Budget

The initial expense estimate for the project was $10,000 this was before researching the cost of solar panels and electric car batteries the two most expensive components of the design. When

selecting each item needed for the project cost was weighted heavily to keep the budget low. The solar panels contributed 23% of the budget costing $4,350, which was higher than anticipated since 15 panels were needed. The solar batteries were the second most expensive component of the charging station because the design required 7 batteries and each battery cost $403. The solar charging station was about half of the total budget which was unexpected the solar panels were estimated to be the most expensive part of the project. The vehicle batteries are what made the initial expense estimate so far off. The rhino required ten 24 volt batteries to produce enough voltage to run the electric motor. The light weight batteries cost over $500 a piece fortunately the batteries came with a charger, the entire system was $6000, 31% of the total budget. A full list of expenses follows in Table 2. The final predicted budget nearly doubled the initial estimate at $18,812 this is not including employee pay since this project was meant as a charitable act. To help with the cost of the project some NGO’s of liked minded interest were found the most promising GGO is the Green Village Plan Development Non-Governmental Organization, which likes to help green projects in third world countries.

The largest part of this project’s budget was allocated to personnel costs. There were 8 members working on this project and everyone had fair effort on his part of this project. Assume each team member got $30/hr due to each member’s high level of effort to be committed to this project and the time that each member spent on this project was around to be 75 hours, the total compensate of each member would be $2250 and the total compensate of all members would be $18,000.

9. Statement of Qualifications

Mohammad Molani:

Gear and Shaft analysis: calculating forces for both and design requirements for ex. Gear ratio.

Machine design projects. SolidWorks modeling software.

Fahad Alahmari

SolidWorks: 3D designs. MATLAB: Write codes Problem solving: bring a good ideas if we have a problems. Bilingual: Arabic and English.

Nathan Ceniceros:

Solar panel experience from volunteering in the village of Yua in Ghana. Knowledge of terrain from volunteering in the village of Yua in Ghana. SolidWorks 3-D rendering of components and designs.

Jingyun Chen:

SolidWorks: 3D drawing for assembly Bilingual: Chinese and English Gantt Project: Create the timeline for the team MATLAB: Writing codes for statistical analysis

Hengming Dai:

MATLAB- Write a couple code for simulation test Photoshop- Work experience in newspaper for photography SolidWorks- 3D software to build what the product is Bilingual – Chinese and English

Hamed Alharbi:

Electrical engineering dealing with electricity, such as circuit, and motors MATLAB writing short loops or functions to achieve any operation Writing good technical writing skills Bilingual Arabic and English

Eli Palomares:

Vehicle restorations- General knowledge of how car works. Research done for how electric car works.

Bilingual Spanish and English MATLAB- writing short loops or functions to achieve any operation

Jiyan Wang:

SolidWorks: 3D drawing for assembly Bilingual : English and Chinese Brain Storming: Bring good ideas

Without work experience most of the group’s qualifications come from classes taken at the university. The group had some volunteer experience and extra-curricular activities that would benefit the project in different aspects. See attached resumes in appendix.

10. Conclusion/ Summary

As an overview, everything the group has worked on has led to complete analysis and design of an electrical vehicle that is powered by sunlight. In a proceeding class, the next steps for our project would be to apply the research and concepts previously formulated, to create a prototype of the actual design intended for use. With any additional requirements, the continuing process could include further detailed design with more analytical work and research. The biggest challenge for the team would be meeting the budget requirements. The calculated budget was

almost $20,000, and with numbers this high it would be difficult for the team to find enough sponsorships or funds to provide enough money for purchase of all the components. The client will only provide the Yamaha Rhino/ vehicle, everything else, both solar and electrical, will need to be provided by the team. For the most part, the team is satisfied with the result of our design and work. If there was one approach we would change from the assignment, it would be with the analysis of our budget. The budget would be the biggest issue in continuing the development of our work, and for this reason we would try to decrease any possible costs. For example, we would pick a cheaper motor with less voltage, so that in this way it not only decreased the price of the motor, but it also decreased the number of batteries needed, also decreasing the total price of the batteries. In summary, the group worked extremely well together. Each member contributed their best qualities and work, which made it simple for the team to communicate our ideas and opinions on every aspect of the project. Team S.I.C is content with the overall work and results of our solar-powered electrical vehicle.

11. References

[1] K. Mina, "The heat battery: Solar thermal energy storage for heating loads," in 2012 IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference, EPEC 2012, October 10, 2012 - October 12, 2012, pp. 311-314.[2] W. R. Cawthorne and G. A. Hubbard, Method for Adjusting Battery Power Limits in a Hybrid Electric Vehicle to Provide Consistent Launch Characteristics, 2005.[3] I. Husain, Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: Design Fundamentals. CRC press, 2011. [4] Henneberger, Gerhardt. “Brushless motors for electric and hybrid vehicles” IEE Colloquium Digest. pp. var paging. 1996. [5] K. Motors, "Kostov Motors," Kostov Motors, 26 January 2011. [Online]. Available:

http://kostov-motors.com/tractionmotors/kostovevmotors(ac-dc)/seriesdcmotorsforelectricvehicles/k9hv/. [Accessed 27 April 2014].

[6] S. Jr, "evwest," evwest, Tuesday May 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.evwest.com/catalog/product_info.php?cPath=1&products_id=48. [Accessed 27 April 2014].

[7] Greenstream, "Solar Electricity Handbook," Greenstream , 2014. [Online]. Available: http://www.solarelectricityhandbook.com/solar-irradiance.html. [Accessed 27 April 2014].

[8] B. R. Munson, D. F. Young and T. H. Okiishi, Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics. New York, 1990.

12. Appendix

12.1 QFD

QFD: House of QualityProject: Solar truckRevision: 2Date: 2/19/2014

CorrelationsPositive +

Negative −No Correlation

RelationshipsStrong ●

Moderate ○Weak ▽

Direction of ImprovementMaximize ▲

Target ◇ +Minimize ▼

Column # 1 2 3Direction of Improvement ▼ ▲ ▼

Ro

w #

Re

lativ

e W

eigh

t

Cu

stom

er Im

porta

nce

Ma

xim

um R

elat

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1 || 4.1667% 4 9 Weather Conditions ●2 |||| 8.3333% 8 9 Road Legal ○3 ||| 6.2500% 6 3 3-year Lifetime ▽4 ||| 7.2917% 7 9 Solar Efficiency

5 ||| 7.2917% 7 9 Motor Efficiency ●6 || 5.2083% 5 3 20-year solar panel lifespan

7 1.0417% 1 1 Solar Tracker

8 |||| 8.3333% 8 9 1000lb Truck Capacity ● ○ ●9 |||| 8.3333% 8 9 31 Miles Roundtrip ○ ●

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Customer Requirements

(Explicit and Implicit)

Table A1 QFD

12.2 Resume

Hamed Alharbi700 S Blackbirds Roost, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86001

Cell: (928)-221-2479Email: h.t@live.com

The objective anticipated date for graduation: May 2015

Applying for an electrical engineer position in Saudi Arabian Oil Company in Al Dhahran city.

Summary of professional qualification

Dealing with Matlab and Python programming languages Excellent classroom management Active participation in group, plans, and events Problem solver Effective listening Negotiation techniques Organizational strategic planning Communication skills

Experience and Qualifications

A bachelor degree in electrical engineering from Northern Arizona University one year of experience in Al Madina institution as electrical technician 2008 - 2009 Six months of working in King Saud University in the computer 2/25/2009 -7/26/2009

maintenance department A three months of working in the Saudi Club as an adviser for the 8/6/2009 - 11/1/2009

Saudi students in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Minor in Math Six months of studying the English language in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 8/12/2009 - 2/10/2010

Education

Bachelor of Science, electrical engineering. Minor in math Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona

Eli Palomares

602-881-9543│eep35@nau.edu

2402 W. Muriel dr Phoenix, AZ 85023

Career Objective

I want to obtain an internship with a big automotive company and move my way up from there. I want to specialize in automotive design and design cars for a living. Until then I will keep doing well in school and work on many other automotive related projects. My career will be my greatest of pastimes so I will enjoy the patience needed for the automotive field. I will invent new and improved cars that will save our economy and our environment. The sky is the limit when finding new ways to bring style, transportation, technology and fun into one amazing automobile.

Education

Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff

Bachelors of Science Degree, Mechanical Engineering Expected Graduation: May 2015

Related Courses

Computer-Aided Design Electrical Engineering I Electrical Engineering I Lab

Intro to Engineering Design Engineering Analysis Applied Mechanics Statics

Programming for ENG & SCI Programming for ENG & SCI LABThermodynamics I

Engineering Design: Process Thermodynamics II Mechanics of Materials

Mechanics of Materials Lab Applied Mechanics Dynamics Materials Science

Machine Design Fluid Mechanics Engineering Design: The Methods

Course Project

Solar Truck/ Charger Electric Car Conversion

The goal of this team project is to improve the quality of life of a city located in Africa, by giving them reliable and consistent transportation. Designing an electric truck powered by solar panels that will provide our client the opportunity to deliver goods to the country, free from any deterrence’s or impediments in the process.

Related Work Experience

Complete 1968 Mustang Coupe RestorationPhoenix, AZ

Automotive Mechanic May 2010-Present

At 16 years, I purchased an old beat down rusted 1968 Mustang that needed a complete restoration. I restored the entire car, all aspects of it, whether it be mechanical, electrical, priming/ paint buffering, trim/ chrome, etc… buying all new parts, total disassembly and putting it back together.

*Bilingual: Fluent in both English and Spanish

Jingyun Chen

2800 S Highland Mesa Rd Apt 10-204

Flagstaff, AZ, 86001

jc2592@nau.edu

(928)221-9780

Objective

To obtain a summer internship at Northrop Grumman that will utilize my

analytical and technical skills.

Education

Aug.2012-Present NORTHERN ARIZONA UNIVERSITY FLAGSTAFF, AZ

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering. Minor: Mathematics

Expected graduation date of May, 2015.

Overall GPA: 3.94

Related Courses

Mechanical Engineering: Mathematics:

Machine Design Discrete Mathematics

Fluid Mechanics Linear Algebra

Intro to Solidworks Numerical Analysis

Working Experience

Ang.2013-Present NORTHERN ARIZONA UNIVERSITY FLAGSTAFF, AZ

Calculus III grader Helped students practice their math skills through homework problems Prompt feedback about their level of understanding

May.2013-Aug.2013 SIEMENS AG CHINA XI’AN, SA Summer Internship Program

Supported internal engineers, customers and suppliers to specify the requirements of special containers

Designed detailed drawings of the special container types Summarized the findings of the structural integrity assessment in a written

report Performed statistics calculations

May.2012-Aug.2012 CHINA CONSTRUCTION BANK SHANNXI BRANCH XI’AN, SA

Credit Card Salesman Acquired knowledge of saling credit card and learned marketing plans for saling

credit card to college students. Contacted college students to purchase credit cards and archive their cards

Personal SkillsLanguage skills:

Madarin (native speaker), English (fluent)

Computer Language Skills:

MATLAB NXC VB

Computer Software:

MS Word PowerPoint Excel Solidworks Gantt Project

NATHAN CENICEROS901 S. O’Leary St. Apt # 118 Flagstaff AZ, 86001

Cell: (520)-559-2192Email: nc262@nau.edu

EDUCATION

School: Northern Arizona UniversityFlagstaff, AZDegree: Bachelors of Science in Mechanical EngineeringDates : August 2009 to May 2015

CLUBS Engineers Without Borders

Multicultural Engineering Program

COURSESComputer Aid and DesignAdvanced Computer Aid and Design

WORK HISTORYCompany: Harkins Theatre Flagstaff, AZPosition: Usher / CashierDates: May 2010 to August 2011Responsibilities: Ensured customer satisfaction, managed money and inventory while working in a team environment .

Company: Independent Installers Sierra Vista, AZ Position: Installer / Metal WorkerResponsibilities: Designed and installed heating and cooling systems for commercial and residential buildings, assembled plenums and rigid ductwork.

VOLUNTEER EXPERIENCE Association: Engineers Without BordersTitle: Field EngineerResponsibilities: Installing and fixing a solar powered well system for the village of Yua in Ghana Africa. Where I worked with a team to identify and meet the needs of the village and budgeted expenses.

Hengming Dai

1105 E Ponderosa Pkwy, Flagstaff, 86001Cell: 928-221-0779 • Home: 928-221-0779

Email: hd92@nau.edu

PROFESSIONAL PROFILE Effective communicator with excellent planning, organizational, and negotiation

strengths as well as the ability to lead, reach consensus, establish goals, and attain results. Have multiple cultural and academic backgrounds. Major in mechanical engineering and

minor in math. Skilled in different languages (Chinese and English).

EDUCATION Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ Anticipated graduation in May 2015 Bachelor of Science in Engineering,

Major in Mechanical Engineering, Minor in MathematicsGPA: 3.84

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

Internship June 2013 – Aug 2013China Telecommunication Technology labs. Test communication equipment and signal

transmit.

Math Tutor Aug 2013 –June 2014Math Jack Center in Math Department, Northern Arizona University. Worked in open lab

and private tutoring helping students succeed in math.

PROFESSIONAL AFFFILIATION HPVC Aug 2012 – Apr 2013

Have experience working in building and designing vehicles for Human Powered Vehicle Challenge (HPVC) project competition. Won third place in speed event in both women and men. Sponsored by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). TECHNICAL SKILLS Microsoft Office Suite expert Proficient in Solid WorksAmerican study experience Skilled in MATLAB, Visual Basic,Root cause analysis and PhotoshopGlobal sightCareful about detail

Mohammad Molani3601 south Lake Mary Road, Flagstaff,

AZ, 86001928-6373606

Msm276@nau.edu

Objective Applying for a job in Kuwait Oil Company as a Mechanical Engineer.

Education

Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizonao Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate date in 5/9/2015.

o Have a have the minor math in Kuwait University and which consider the second top university in the Middle East.

Summery Expert in Solid Work and other CAD Programs. Expert in solving group conflicts. Have a good experience in Coding and Programing using MATLAB Have a great background about the Design cycle which is consider the essential part of

engineering projects.

Experience Building a telescoping antenna project in Machine design class in University of Arizona

in summer 2013. While we have to stick to the restrictions of the dimensions for example the antenna should be 50 feet high.

Member of Kuwaiti Student Club. As a member of the club, I was responsible for managing the gathering date and the dinner for every meeting we attend.

Designed an Electromagnetic Truck for grapping the huge trashes for class EGR-286. Build and code an Arduino that makes a unique LED pattern that goes as a circle.

Awards

Won trophy as the second best player in Kuwait for video game calls”PES2009”. Sponsored by Kuwait Gulf Company.

Won the Student of the year in my high school.

Alahmari Fahad928-221-1528

FAA37@NAU.EDU

QUALIFICATIONS SUMMARY Team leader / management, communication, event organizer. Small independent projects in SolidWorks and MATLab. “Design 4 Practice” program, created professional documents tables, graphs, design methods. Mechanical Engineering skill set, physics, calculus, differential equations.

ObjectiveTo find an employment position where I can apply the skills I have developed throughout my education.

EducationNorthern Arizona University (NAU), Flagstaff, Arizona Expected Graduation: May 2015Bachelor of Science, Mechanical Engineering

ExperienceVacation/Travel Call Center, Alkoobar, Saudi Arabia June 2010 – August 2011Telephone Operator Worked at the call center for the marketing department making about 200-250 cold calls per day. Followed up with customers to secure payments and travel arrangements. Saudi Club, NAU, Flagstaff, AZ March 2012 – October 2012Treasurer / Event Coordinator Organized international student activities for the club and for international day on campus. Received payments from active club members for future event use. Planned monthly meetings with club officials to discuss future of club.

Skills SolidWorks, MATLab, Microsoft Office Suite, Windows, Apple Mechanics of Materials, Engineering Physics, Statics Critical thinking (Calculus 3 & Differential Equations) Design 4 Practice (D4P) Program: Teamwork, Communication, Design process Created multiple professional documents to discuss the design process in engineering projects.

LanguagesArabic, English

Professional Summary:

I envision myself a hard working team member in any field where my skills will allow me to provide solutions to any problem that I encounter.

Jiyan Wang923 W University Ave. Unit 6 Rm 136

Flagstaff, AZ 86001(928)399-0377

jw595@nau.edu

Qualification Summary

Effective communication skills, fluent in English and Chinese Familiar with Microsoft Offices, SOLIDWORKS, Structure and Hydraulic program Motivated and detail-oriented working skills on teams and individually

Objective

Looking for a job in Mechanical engineering field.

Education

[Northern Arizona University, 2011-2014, Flagstaff, AZ]

Major in Civil Engineering Minor in Mechanical Engineering Expected Graduation Date: May 10th, 2015

Skills

SOLIDWORKS software (Include SOLIDWORKS Simulations) Microsoft Office Software

Course Experience

[Solid Works]

Constructing 3D graphics using this software

[Thermodynamics I+II]

Concepts of heat and temperature in relation to energy and work

How to increase the efficiency and power output of early steam engines

12.3 Gantt Chart

Figure 4: Gantt chart

Table 2: Budget

10 Batteries controller system and motor Inside

X7 Batteries inside the box

X10 v

Figure 5: Flow chart

Figure 6: Location

Figure 7: Pole

Figure 8: Solar station