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1MARINTEK
Efficient information management in shipping
Ørnulf Jan RødsethResearch Director, MARINTEK e-Maritime
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The main theme of the presentation
The use of information and communication technology (ICT) to achieve better operational
performance and by that reduced environmental impact.
Based on examples, look at future requirements for communication and information
management.
HTTP links
to relevant projects where applicable.
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Development of official strategies for extended use of ICT in the maritime area
e-Navigation
Focus on nautical aspects (IMO/IALA domain)
Strategy finished,
implementation started
e-Maritimee-Navigation
e-Maritime
EU DG TREB
Wider scope: Maritime transport
Strategy finished by 2012
www.marcom.no
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Contents
Emerging ICT based applications
New communication systems
Improved information management
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Port clearance –
Single Window
Today: About 25 messages, often paper or PDF.
1948 The Berlin Airlift1950-60s Trade Simplification (SITPRO)1950-60s Aligned Documents1960s Proprietary/Private EDI Standards1970s UNTDED1970s UNLK1970s UCC/EAN Bar Code/Product Code Standards1980s UNEDIFACT Electronic Message Standards1990s WCO/CCC Data Elements Standards2004 UNCEFACT Single Window Guidelines2004 UneDocs Initiative2004 WCO Unique Consignment ID2005/6 Expanded WCO Database: DG Track and Trace
Single Window History
Tomorrow: Electronic messaging, 5 to 250 kByte
ISO 28005-2
Single pointOf reporting
www.marnis.org
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Additional mandatory reporting
Today
Automatic Identification System (AIS)
Long Range Identification and Tracking (LRIT)
Ship reporting systems, VTS areas (VHF, e-mail)
www.marnis.org
TacSat-2 –
US Air Force
Tomorrow
Increased reporting of environmental parameters ?
AIS satellites
All integrated into AIS ?
AIS System -
US Coast
Guard
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Operational reporting
Reporting to owner or manager
Reporting to charterer
Port, channel or agent reports
Use of XML and automatic systems
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Technical reporting and analysis
Technical reports from ship, analysis on shore
Currently used in hull and engine performance analysis
Condition
Energy
Environmental
www.tocc.no
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Technical reporting and analysis
Technical reports from ship, analysis on shore
Currently used in hull and engine performance analysis
Condition
Energy
Environmental
Benchmarking
Use of XML and automatic
systems
www.tocc.no
TOCC
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Shipping KPI
SPI
PI
Extended Balanced Score Card for internal improvement
Corporate measurements
Aggregated indexes for external communication
Proc
esse
s
Cus
tom
er
Lear
ning
HSE OthersFinancial
KPI
Using information from shipping operations to generate
performance indicators for internal use and external
stakeholders.
www.shipping-kpi.com
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Future: More integrated information management
Single pointOf reporting
AIS System -
US Coast
Guard
Integrated approach to
Port clearance and mandatory reporting
Operational reporting
AIS, LRIT, Satellite AIS
Improved use of SafeSeaNet
and other
infrastructure
Owner, manager, charterer, agent into the system
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Geographic information systems (GIS)
Today
NAVTEX
Ship and AtoN AIS
Radar, ECDIS, AIS integration
Tomorrow
Maritime Information Objects (MIO):
Ice, weather, whales, current …
NAVTEX and other warnings
VTS digital exchange to ship
Pilot information
… etc …
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Ship –
shore coordination with GIS
Technical operations
Port approach
http://www.flagship.be©
Kystverket© BW Gas
Emergencies
etc …
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Ship -
ship coordination
Emergencies
Lightering
Load/Discharge
Etc.
©
Kystverket
©
Kystverket
http://www.flagship.be
Using online cooperation
toolsIntegrated
Safety SystemIntegrated
Safety System
©
Statoil
Offshore operations
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Future: Integrated maritime operations
Improved work processes
Ship / Shore distribution of work
Shared information
Use of ICT
Normal operations
Emergencies
© MARINTEK
Ship-Ship
Ship-Offshore
Ship-Port
… ©
Statoil©
Kystverket
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Routing and optimization
Optimization over complex cost function
Weather
Fuel / Environment
Cargo efficiency
Time
Port slot time (laycan)
…
Optimization reduces slack
ICT to improve monitoring
Optimization relies on accurate data
ICT to collect and analyse information
Optimization requires exact execution
ICT for communication between parties
http://www.sintef.no/Projectweb/TurboRouter/
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Fleet scheduling
Traditional planning
Spread sheet models
Manual decision making
State of the art
Operations Research based methods
to maximize net fleet income
Larger fleets make the planning problem too complex to solve manually
Fixed speed (17 knots)
Variable speed (14-20 knots)
Income ($) 16.102.500 19.072.500
Profit ($) 9.753.004 12.077.013
# cargoes 16 18
Fuel costs ($) 3.512.446 3.644.037
Emissions(g CO2
/ton*km)8,73 7,52
Tomorrow
Richer models (combine routing and speed decisions)
Consider environmental issues as well as economics
http://www.sintef.no/Projectweb/TurboRouter/
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Future: Integrated optimization
Rich optimization models
Minimal port stay
Optimal speed
Optimal cargo
Integration with ports and channels
Allocation of optimal slots
Improved information management
Monitoring and rapid corrective actions
Improved statistics fro actual performance data
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Contents
Emerging ICT based applications
New communication systems
Improved information management
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Communication is needed: Main drivers
The discussed technical and commercial operations:
Without video: Less than 64 kbps
With video: Limited by available bandwidth
Crew welfare (including telemedicine and training):
In principle only limited by cost and available bandwidth
Ref. MARINTEK report MT28 F09-095
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Some physical limits for wireless communication
Channel capacity (bps)
B: Bandwidth (Hz)
S/N: Signal to noise
Power
DampingRange (km) vs. antenna height (m)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Range
Antenna height
Area coverage (Range)
High altitude satellites
Infrastructure
Cell size / backhaul
h d
r = 6366 km
r
a
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Also commercial limitations
Number of customers
www.amver.com▀ > 50 / month▀
15-49 / month▀
5-14 / month▀
< 5 / monthMay 2009
Applies to all: Land radio as
well as satellites
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Satellite systems: GEO: Geostationary Earth Orbit
Benefits (Inmarsat and other VSAT)
Close to global coverage
Satellite is stationary relative to earth
©
NTNU/Odd Gutteberg
Drawbacks
Weak signal
Latency
Shadows
Polar regions
Fjords
Ship movement
Rain fading (Ku)www.marcom.no
AOR-E 15o30' W
AOR-W 54o W
POR 178o E
IOR 64o E
35 786 km
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Satellite systems LEO: Low Earth Orbit
Iridium
Orbit hight
780 km, 66 satellites
Also some other less relevant systems
Globalstar
(1400 km / 48 satellites)
Orbcomm
(775 km / 29 satellites)
www.iridium.com
Benefits
Signal strength
Low latency
Global coverage
Drawbacks
Complexity
Commercial viability ?
Doppler shift effects
Relatively low bandwidth www.marcom.no
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Communication in the Arctic
70o N
80o N
Image courtesy of ESA - September 2007
North-west passage North-east passage
Iridium is only available system
Close to no VHF coverage
GMDSS via MF/HF
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Satellite systems HEO: Highly Elliptical Orbit
LEOMEO
GEO
Molniya
(Lightening)
500 km south / 40 000 km north
Orbital period 12 hours
8 hours “stationary”
due north / 24h
3 satellites behaves as one GEO
Suitable for Arctic use
“Polar GEO”
Reuse GEO technologywww.sintef.no/Projectweb/MARSAFE
HEO
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Land based digital radio
Satellite
Necessary for high sea
May not get very high bandwidth
Potential problems with rain fading, shading, latency and cost
Alternative “near”
land: Land based digital radio
Must be used relatively close to coast, port and port approaches
Today: NAVTEX, AIS –
VHF Radio (DSC)
New technology is emerging, e.g., 3G GSM, WiFi etc.
High capacity
Low cost (equipment and infrastructure)
However, limited range
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Existing shore based systems
WiFi
Deployed in some ports
Simple access and low cost equipment
Limited range
Operates in non licensed bands
Cell phone systems
Work well in ports
Less good along coast (# subscribers)
Problem with roaming-agreements
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Digital VHF
Existing VHF Channels
Up to 70 km range
9 Channels
22 kbps/channel
High reliability
Message (e-mail) type
Interesting for “e-Navigation”
Same properties as VHF, AIS and other GMDSS components
Can use same land infrastructure
Low cost system and equipmentTelenor Maritim Radio
www.marcom.no
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WiMAX
–
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
Long range, high bandwidth wireless Internet
10 –
20 km range
256k to 5 Mbps
Standard end user equipment (Intel)
May use specialized base stations
2.3 to 5 GHz
”Last mile”
system at west coastof Norway
orkidenett.com
Commercial service in Singapore: WISEPORT
www.qmax.com.sg
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Higher frequencies cause some problems
… but short wavelengths with high information content is susceptible to
Reflection (specular
and diffuse)
Refraction
“Ducting”
Scattering
… etc …
Main signal is line of sight …
www.marcom.no
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Research and future possibilities
Longer range
Up to 100 km ?
Mesh networks
Multi-hop data transmission
US Coast
Guard
Ad hoc networks
Emergencies or integrated
operations
Use of unmanned mobile relays
Airplanes, helicopters, balloons …
www.marcom.nowww.sintef.no/Projectweb/MARSAFE
Radio Buoys
VLCC
Satellite
Mesh wireless links
Smaller Ships
Internet
Land Station
Triton project
Singapore/Japan
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WiCAN
–
Wireless Coastal Area NetworkSatellite
Terrestrial –
GSM, VHF, WiMAX
…
Mesh Network
© MARINTEK
Ad hocnetwork
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Contents
Emerging ICT based applications
New communication systems
Improved information management
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Quality and availability of information
Concept of Compatibility in Shipping -
Fuzzy Set Theory and Case-Based Reasoning Approaches, Setyo
Nugroho
-
Technische
Universität
Berlin, 2005
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Information is generated and should be used
Large amount of information is generated
Ship reporting, commercial and technical operations, equipment, spare parts, consumables …
New applications will require more and better information
Optimization of processes: Need to compensate for smaller slack
Automated systems: Depends on high quality information
Process improvement: Accurate measurements of processes
Benchmarking and indexing: Common standards
Integrated operations: Sharing common information
…
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A new approach to information management in shipping is needed
The problem must be approached through development of a set of harmonized standards.
Why
What
How
Overall conceptual aspects
Logical aspects
Technical aspects Communication viewpoint
Functional viewpoint
Behavioural viewpoint
Information viewpoint
Reference model
RolesObjects
ARKTRANS model: www.arktrans.no
A “reference architecture”
is needed to link the different standards together.
The ARKTRANS architecture has been used successfully in similar projects.
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Will build on existing resultsfreightwise.info
www.arktrans.no
www.marnis.orgwww.efforts-project.org
www.flagship.bewww.marnis.org
Co-Modaltransport
Ports andauthorities
Shipping
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Target results
A set of standard definitions and information models.
Can be used in house by individual companies for internal improvement …
Company Xcontext
Specific processes Specific parties
Specificinteractions
Additionalinformation
elements
… and to establish common frameworks for, e.g., communication or benchmarking.
Context definition(Shipping)
Standard processes Standard roledefinitions
Interactiondescriptions
Ontologies,Information models
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A brief summary …
New and interesting maritime applications are emerging
International organisations are developing e-Navigation and e-Maritime strategies
Maritime communication is getting better, but there are still significant room for improvement
There is a significant challenge in standards for information management
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Thank you for your attention !
