Efficiency and Effectivity of Using Fluorescent Lamp and Compact Fluorescent Lamp of the Residents of Union Site District

8/7/2019 Efficiency and Effectivity of Using Fluorescent Lamp and Compact Fluorescent Lamp of the Residents of Union Site

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Nowadays electricity becomes one of the most significant needs of human beings. It

makes lives of the people easy. But scarcity of resources to produce electricity and the future

demand, electricity needs to be saved.

Through this problem the research paper study about the effectivity and efficiency of

using incandescent bulb, fluorescent lamp and compact fluorescent lamp (CFLs) of the

residents of Union Site District, Mangagoy, Bislig City is conducted.

This problem occurs since most of the people rely on light yet some do not know

which lighting fixture are the most effective and the most efficient to save electricity, which

has the longest life span and which lighting fixture gives the most efficient light. Because of

these, the study is connected to save electricity. With the help of the data that will be

gathered from the respondents that differ with the use of lighting fixture mentioned above

and other related studies, this study may come up to a possible solution to save more

electricity.

This study will benefit concern individuals to know the efficient and effective ways to

conserve electricity and also this study let concern individuals know which lighting fixture

gives light efficiently, save their monthly bill and which lighting fixture is the cheapest to

purchase.


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Statement of the Study

The research paper is to survey about the efficiency and effectivity of using

incandescent bulb, fluorescent lamp and compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) in the residents of

Union Site District, Mangagoy, Bislig City from June to October2010.

This research paper will answer the following questions.

1 What lighting fixture should people use in order to save electricity?2 Which lighting fixture has the longest life span?3 Which of the lighting fixture gives the most efficient light?

Objectives of the Study

The research paper is aiming the following objectives:

1. To be able to know which lighting fixture saves more electricity.2. To be able to know which lighting fixture has the longest life span.3. To be able to determine which of the lighting fixture gives the most efficient light.

Significance of the Study

The research paper is important to the people, so that the people will know the

efficiency and the effectivity of using incandescent bulb, fluorescent lamp and the compact

fluorescent lamp (CFL).

The research paper will give knowledge to the consumers how to save electricity.

Also, it will give ideas and ways how monthly bill decrease.


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Scope and Limitation

This research paper only focuses on the efficiency and effectivity of incandescent

bulb, fluorescent lamp and compact fluorescent lamp (CFL). Other kinds of lighting fixtures

other than the lighting fixture mention are not included in this study. Also the survey will be

conducted in the area of Union Site District, Mangagoy, Bislig City. Other districts other

than Union Site District are not included in this study.

The survey will finish within two weeks.


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CHAPTER 2

Related Literature

Through searching information, the researchers have found out that there are related

literature and studies concerning about the efficiency and effectivity of incandescent bulbs,

fluorescent lamps and compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs).

Due to the increasing demand of electricity, the world needs to cut down on

wasted energy. (Fessler, 2010) People must conserve energy efficiently. People starting in

their homes must find ways to conserve energy. From spending lesser time using their

appliances to converting to conventional lighting fixtures that saves a lot of energy yet gives

efficient light for their homes. People must learn saving electricity to the greatest extent.

One way to conserve energy is selecting the most efficient and most effective lighting

fixture for their homes. Today, there are different kinds of lighting fixtures but three among

which are commonly used in the household. These include incandescent bulbs, fluorescent

lamps and compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). According to Fajardo (2000), incandescent

bulbs are characterized as cheaper, instant start and restart, simple and compact

installation requiring no accessories and has good color. Yet, has low efficacy, shorter life,

sensitive and critical to voltage change, high maintenance cost and produces more heat than

light. Fluorescent lamps in the other hand are lighting fixtures that requires an assembly that

composes the fluorescent tube, ballast, starter and the casing. This lighting fixture according

again by Fajardo (2000), Fluorescent lamps efficacy is much higher than incandescent

lamps and also according to Answerbag(2010), A fluorescent lamps produces less heat so

it is much more efficient. A fluorescent lamp can produce between fifty to one hundred

lumens per watt. This makes fluorescent lamps four to six times more efficient than


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incandescent bulbs. Lastly, today a new innovation of lighting fixture was sold in the

market. This is the Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL). Compact fluorescents are the

smaller fluorescentsthat used to be incandescent lighting bulbs. They are chosen because

of the great light output and good color along with energy efficiency as well. When

compared to incandescent lightings, these are longer lasting, using much less energy making

them a perfect choice for almost any type of lightings As with all fluorescent bulbs, they

rely on ballast inside of the fixtures or units to make them work. Answerbag(2010).

Additionally, according to Energy Star (2010

), even though CFL seems more expensive,

it uses 75 percent less energy than an incandescent light bulb and last ten times longer.

All these information and comparison about the three commonly used lighting

fixtures could make energy consumers choose which lighting fixture conserves energy

effectively, gives light efficiently and saves a lot of money.


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Related Studies

The increasing demand of electricity today becomes so alarming. This paves ways to

some concern individuals and groups around the world to find ways to improve the efficiency

and effectivity of electrical energy consuming devices that are daily used by people3

especially home lighting devices. According to the study conducted by Steve Hill in

September21, 2010, The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) revealed that using particular

new lighting technology for niche purposes in which it is currently feasible would save

enough electricity. Todays lighting technology is looking forward in saving electricity, yet

many home lighting innovations have sprouted in the market with its capacity good enough

to light homes efficiently yet consumes power effectively. Governments have passed laws

banning inefficient and ineffective lighting fixtures especially the incandescent bulbs.

According to a study, The European Union has banned by law trading of incandescent lamp

due to their bad efficiencymost of the energy is transformed into heat.Csiko(2010).

Lighting fixture is measured through by efficiency in giving off light and effectively

in consuming power. According to the study conducted by Bradford F. Mills and Joachim

Schleich (2000) at the Department of Energy Policy and Energy Systems, Franhofer Institute

System an In-novation Research last January 2000, for equivalent lighting, CFLs use

between one-fifth and one quarter of the power of equivalent incandescent lamps. This

results inconsiderable saving on electricity expenditures. The second avenue for expenditure

reduction is through longer bulb-life. Currently, CFLs have a life span of between 6,000 to

15,000 hours and last six to twenty times higher than for equivalent incandescent bulb.


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Additionally, according to the study of Steve Hill (2010), In order to produce the

same amount of illumination as a fluorescent lamp, an incandescent bulb consumes anywhere

from four to eight times as much power. All fluorescent lamps contain ballasts. The

amount dissipated can be reduced considerably by using more efficient ballasts

Choosing the right lighting fixture depends upon the comparison of the measure of

efficiency and effectivity of lighting fixture. The former studies had shown which lighting

fixture should be the right one. People nowadays must be practical in choosing since the

increasing demand of electricity today becomes so alarming.


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CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Procedure

In order to gather more information successfully, the researchers will do the

following:

1. The researcher will go to the district president of Union Site District to seekpermission to conduct a survey in his district and discuss the purpose of the survey.

2. If permission is granted, the researcher will see personally the respondents of thestudy and explains the purpose of coming and the reason of selecting such topic.

3. The researcher will give a well prepared questionnaire to lessen the time of gatheringinformation to the respondents.

4. After a week, the researcher will come back to the respondents to collect theanswered questionnaires.

Through this method of gathering data, it could assure accomplishment to the study.

Research Setting

The study will be conducted at Union Site District, a residential community of

Barangay Mangagoy, on of the barangays of the city of Bislig. The researchers choose this

place since the researcher assures that there are information could be gathered here easily for

the study. This is also a place where one of the researcher lives, therefore the researcher

could afford the needs when doing the study especially the financial needs. Lastly, the

researchers could guarantee that the respondents in this place will cooperate and participate

for the success of the study.


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Respondents of the Study

The researchers choose the respondents of the study whose household uses on

common lighting fixture. Also, the researchers choose respondents that use low power

consuming appliances that will not exceed to two appliances each household. Additionally,

the researchers choose respondents who have knowledge about the power consumption they

are using per month. Also, the researchers choose respondents that are approachable and

open for change. Lastly, the respondents that could be chosen by the researchers will be the

basis of the comparison of the three commonly used lighting fixtures.

Research Instruments

The instruments that the researcher may use in this study are the questionnaire,

calculator, camera and the computer. The questionnaire is chosen because it can maximize

the time and effort of the researcher to gather information. Also, the calculator is used for

easy calculation of the data gathered as well as other mathematical analysis that will arise

during the study.Lastly, the computer is also used as research instrument to compile the

whole research and to arrange the format of the study.

Through these research instruments, the researcher could conveniently gather

information and prepare the study for defense.


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Sampling Design

This research uses pure random sampling method. The number of respondents

Chosen based on the computation below.

Formula:

n = N1+Ne

2

% = n x 100%

N

Where:

N= number of population

n = number of sample

e = margin (0.03)

RespondentsPopulation (N) Percentage (%) Sample (n)

Residents withIncandescent Bulbs

0 0 0

Residents withFluorescent lamps

5 100% 5

Residents withCFLs

10 100% 10

Total 15 100% 15

The researchers choose the respondents by purposive sampling. Where the

total population is approximately equal to the number of sample since the respondents

number is too small to be computed. Using the formula above for the computation would

help us see the proof of the equality.


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Dear Respondents,

Good morning,

The English 2 students of the engineering department of the University of Southeastern Philippines, Bislig

Campus would like to conduct a survey in your house regarding the study of the efficiency and effectivity ofthree lighting fixtures commonly used in the household namely, the incandescent bulb, fluorescent lamp and

compact fluorescent. In line to this, we would like to gather information from you for the success of our study.

We will be very much thankful for your kindness and truthfulness in answering the questionnaire we provide.

Thank you and God bless.

Truly yours,

Jeramil J. Garcia

Jerson B. Mabido

Questionnaire

Instruction: Put check ( ) at the blank provided for your answer.

(Please answer religiously)

1. What lighting fixture are you using at your house?____ Incandescent bulb; wattage: pls. specify: ___

____ Fluorescent lamp; wattage: pls. specify: ___

____ Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL); wattage: pls. specify: ___

2. What is your reason of choosing such lighting fixture?____ longer life span ___no accessories needed

____ brighter illumination ___ good color

____ consume less power ___ low maintenance cost

____cheap to buy ___ others pls. specify: ___

3. How many times you change your lighting fixture per year?____ once a year____ twice a year

____ trice a year____ others pls. specify: ____

4. What is your monthly bill every month?____ 30 40 kwh ___ others: pls. specify:___

____ 41 50 kwh

____51 60 kwh

____61 70 kwh

5. How many hours do you use your lighting fixture per day?____ 4 hours ____others: pls. specify:___

____5 hours

____6 hours

____ 8 hours____12 hours

6. Are you aware about the efficiency of the lighting fixture you are using?____ yes

____ no


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CHAPTER 4

ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

In this chapter, the data and the information gathered from the redpondents are shown

through tables to make the findings clear and reliable.

Table 4.1

Common Reasons of Respondents in Choosing their Lighting Fixture

Reasons

Responses

from

Fluorescent

Users

PercentageResponses from

CFL Users

Percentage

Longer Life Span 3 60% 10 100%

Brighter Illumination 4 80% 10 100%

Consume less power 3 60% 10 100%

Cheap 1 20% 2 20%

No Accessories

Needed0 0 10 100%

Good Color 4 80% 9 90%

Low maintenance cost 5100

%10

100

%


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Shown in table 4.1 are the common reasons of the respondents in choosing their

lighting fixture. In this table, most of the respondents who choose Compact Fluorescent

Lamp (CFL) knows that their lighting fixture has the most good reasons in choosing a

lighting fixture while respondents who use Fluorescent Lamps are not sure whether

their lighting fixture has the good reason why they choose their lighting fixture.

Table 4.2

June 2010 to October2010 Power Consumption of Fluorescent Lamp and CFL Users

Average Power Consumption Fluorescent Lamp Users CFL Users

2 to 4.99 KWH 10

5 to 7.99 KWH 5

8 to 10.99 KWH

Table 4.2 shows the average monthly power consumption of Fluorescent Lamp and

CFL Users from June 2010 to October2010. The table shows that CFL users has the least

monthly power consumption than the Fluorescent Lamp users. Also, in this table the average

monthly power consumption of CFL users lies between 2 to 4.99 KWH per month for five

months. While Fluorescent Lamp users average power consumption lies between 5 to 7.99

KWH per month for five months.


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13Table 4.3

Time of Usage of Lighting Fixture by the Respondents

Average Time of

Usage(Hours)

Response Percentage

4 0 0

5 12 80%

6 3 20%

7 0 0

Table 4.3 shows the time of usage of the lighting fixture by the respondents. The table

shos that 80% the respondents uses their lighting fixture for5 hours per day. While 20% of

the respondents uses their lighting fixture for6 hours per day.

Table 4.4

Number of Replacement of the Lighting Fixture within Five Years

Number of Replacements

Within Five Years

Fluorescent

Lamp Users

Percentage CFL

Users

Percentage

Once 5 100%

Twice

Trice

None 10 100

Table 4.4 shows the number of replacements done by the respondents to their

lighting fixture within 5 years. In the table, it shows that most of the Fluorescent Lamp users


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replace their lighting fixture once within five years. While CFL users do not change lamp

within five years. It shows that CFL has the greatest life span than Fluorescent Lamp users.

Table 4.5

Respondents Awareness on the Efficiency of the lighting Fixture they are using

Respondents Number of Response Percentage

Yes No Yes No

Fluorescent Lamp

Uses

41

80

%20

%

CFL Users 8 2 80% 20%

Table 4.5 shows the respondents awareness of the lighting fixture they are using.

The table shows that 80% of the fluorescent lamp users are aware about the efficeincy

of the lighting fixture they are using whille 20% of the respondents do not know how

efficient their lightings are. Also, the table shows that 80% of the CFL users also knows the

efficiency of the lighting fixture they are using and 20% of them does not know at all.

The above presentation of data gathered by the researchers are the responses of the

respondents who were given the questionnaire. Even though the survey do not answer all the

objectives of the study, the information that they had given came from all their own answers

and are not manipulated by the researcher.

To further understand the study, the research will also include calculations in order to

strengthen the reliability of the study. Calculations will include power consumption of the


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lighting fixture with regards to the classification , the rated specification of the lighting

fixture and the related constants that the lighting fixture had poccessed. Also, the researchers

will calculate the approxiamte life span expectancy of the lighting fixture aside from the

given information from the respondents on how many times they replace their lighting fixture

within five years.

Below are the calculation of monthly power consumption of the lighting fixture and

the expected life of each lighting fixture:

1. For incandescent lamp:Commonly used lamp wattage: 75 watts

Daily usage (refering to table 4.3): 5 hours per day

Number of days per month: 30 days per month

Lumens (initial) Constant: 1180 lumens

Average rated life constant: 750 hrs

Calculation:

Monthly power consumption = 75 watts x 5 hours/day x 30 days/month

= 11,250 watthour per month

Or11.25 KWH per month

Life Span = (5 hours per day365 days per year)

0.41 years or0.41 years x 365 days/yer x 1 month/ 30 days

= 4.98 months or almost 5 months.


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2. For Fluorescent LampsCommonly used lamp wattage: 20 watts

Ballast wattage : 20 watts




Average rated life constant (minimum): 6000 hrs

Calculation:

Monthly power consumption = (20 watts +20 watts) x 5 hours/day x 30 days/month


Or6 KWH per month


4.93 years or 5 years

3. For Compact Fluorescent LampsCommonly used lamp wattage: 23 watts




Average rated life constant(minimum): 15000 hrs

Calculation:

Monthly power consumption = 23 watts x 5 hours/day x 30 days/month


Or3.45 KWH per month


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8.22years x 365 days/ x 1 months/30 days

= 100 months or8 years and 4 months.

The calculation above represents the monthly power consumption of each lighting

fixture. It shows that incandescent lamps has the highest monthly power consumption but lower

luminance or brightness among the three lighting fixture. Also, the calculation shows that

incandescent lamps have shortest life of almost at least five months among the three while CFL has

the longest life span that may be expected to last to eight years.


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CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary

The study was conducted to determine the efficiency and effectivity of using

incandescent bulb, florescent tube andcompact florescent lamp(CFL) in the resident of Union

Site District, Mangagoy, Bislig City from June 2010 and October2010.

Specially, the research paper aims to answer the following question:

1. What lighting fixture should people use in order to save electricity?2. Which lighting fixture has the longest life span?3. Which of the lighting fixture gives the most efficient light?

Through the survey together with the calculation to find out the monthly power consumption,

life span of lighting fixture and the typical data of the lighting fixture from reliable sources

like the internet and books, the question are answer.

Conclusion

Through careful study with the help of the data from the survey, calculation and

reliable sources, the researchers of the study have come up to a conclusion:

1. Through Table 4.2, the researchers had found out that from June 2010 to October2010, CFL users had lesser power consumption than the Fluorescent Lamp users with

the average between 2 to 4.99 kwh per month and 5 to 7.99 kwh per month

respectively. Therefore, CFL is the most efficient lighting fixture among the three


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lighting fixture with respect to the power consumption. Also, the calculation proves

that CFL consume power least among the three lighting fixture.

2. Through table 4.4, which shows the number of times of replacement of the lightingfixture within five years, the researcher found out that fluorescent lamp users replaces

once within five years upon purchase of the lighting fixture while compact

fluorescent lamp users has not replaced their lighting fixture within five years upon

purchase of their lighting fixture. Also, through the calculation of the life span of the

lighting fixture it is found out that CFL has the longest life span of almost a

maximum of eight years.

3. Through table 4.1 which shows the common reasons of the respondents in choosingtheir lighting fixture, the researchers have found out that most of the respondents uses

CFL for its brightness. Also, through the related literature and former studies, it has

already been found out that CFL give off the most efficient light than any other

household lighting fixture commonly used nowadays.

Recommendations

1. As our world calls for saving electricity, we should make ways to do the call.Through choosing the lighting fixture that saves more electricity is one of the action.

Start now and help the world save electricity. Also, through this action we could also

benefit from it since it could also saves our money from paying big amounts for our

monthly electricity bill.


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2. Aside from saving electricity and choosing the right lighting fixture that saves a lot ofelectricity, we should also consider the life of the lighting fixture we got to buy.

Choosing the lighting fixture that has the longest life span also saves our budget.

3. Above all the recommendations mentioned, we should also consider the mostefficient lighting fixtures in terms of brightness.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Fessler, David. Goodbye Incandescent Light Bulbs Energy-Efficient CFLs Are The

Future. http://www.investmentu.com/2010/April/incandescent-light-bulbs-vs-compact-

fluorescent-lighting.html, January 3, 2011.

Fajardo, Maximo B. Jr.Electrical Layout and Estimates.Quezon City: 5138

Merchandizing, 1994,pp.

U.S Department of Energy. Buying Energy-Efficient Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs).

http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/technologies/m/eep_compact_fluor_lamp.html,January3,

2010.

Lighting Efficiency Ratings.http://www.answerbag.com/lighting_efficiency_rating.html,

January 3,2011.

U.S. Department of Energy -Energy Star. Qualified Light Bulbs 2009 Partner Resource

Guide.www.energystar.gov/ia/products/downloads/CFL_PRG_508.doc, January 3,2011Hill, Steve.Lighting Efficiency. http://www.eniginadvice.com/2010/09/21/lighting-efficiency/,January 3, 2010

Csiko. Selling Incandescent Light Bulbs As Heating Devices.http://idle.slashdot.org/story/10/09/27/1351242/Selling-Incandescent-Light-Bulbs-As-

Heating-Devices, January 4, 2010

Mills, Bradford F. and Schleich, Joachim.Why Dont Households See the Light?:

Explaining the Diffusion of Compact Fluorescent Lampshttp://www.aaec.vt.edu/aaec/working%20papers/2008_09.pdf,January 4, 2011


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

Acknowledgement i

Chapter1. INTRODUCTION 1

Background of the Study 1

Statement of the Study 2

Objectives of the Study 2

Significance of the Study 2

Scope and Limitation 3

Chapter2. RELATED LITERATURE 4

Related Literature 5

Related Studies6

Chapter 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 8

Research Procedure 8

Research Setting 8

Research Instruments 9

Respondents of the Study 9

Sampling Design 10

Chapter 4 ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA 11


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Chapter5 . SUM MARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 18

Summary 18

Conclusion 18

Recommendations 19

Bibliography 20

Questionnaire 21


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This dissertation would not have been possible without the guidance and the help

of several individuals who in one way or another contributed and extended their valuable

assistance in the preparation and completion of this study.

First and foremost, my utmost gratitude to Mrs. Lorly P. Caperida, for her

unselfish and unfailing support as our subject instructor.

Mr . Val Diez, district president of Union Site District, Mangagoy, Bislig City,

for permitting us to make a survey in his district jurisdiction.

To the respondents of the study, who participated for the success and

accomplishment of the study.

To our parents, who untiringly strive hard for our financial needs and

encouragement to let us pursue our dreams despite the crisis today.

Last but not the least, the omnipresent God, for answering my prayers for giving

me the strength to plod on despite my constitution wanting to give up and throw in the towel,

thank you so much Dear Lord.

-the Researchers

Documents

Efficiency and Effectivity of Using Fluorescent Lamp and Compact Fluorescent Lamp of the Residents of Union Site District