EFFECTS OF ADVANCED MOBILE RADIATION ON BIO- DIVERSITY

www.wjpps.com Vol 9, Issue 8, 2020.

683

Tejpal et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

EFFECTS OF ADVANCED MOBILE RADIATION ON BIO-

DIVERSITY

Uttpal Raj1 and Tejpal Singh Chundawat

2*

1Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, The Northcap University,

Sector-23 A, Gurugram-122017, India.

2Department of Applied Science, The Northcap University, Sector-23 A, Gurugram-122017,

India.

ABSTRACT

Invention of phone create a revolution for today’s world. Growth of

cell phones in accelerating day by day. Cell phones do have a good

scope in various type of exposures such as business expansion,

flexibility of resources and convenience of daily life. As per today’s

growth and development the future is already set its mark and

unpredictable growth of cell phone and its raise in competition expands

the market. World is getting smarter day by day and inventions are also

flaming this up. 5G and Internet Of Things (IOT) have set a bench and

they made an easy pathway to follow. Now smart cars, smart homes,

and various other applications are accepted by people worldwide. But

every positive side of a coin has its own negative side. Cell phone

tower act as an unseen enemy due to its electromagnetic radiations, it harms to the

biodiversity. It affect human body in various aspects such as it can penetrate into skin, it is

hazardous to ear and eye which can further cause various major diseases like tumour and

cancer. EM radiations also damage life cycle of insects, birds and amphibians due to their

skin. When EM radiation mingle with rain water this affect the growth of plants. The main

aim of this paper is to remind people regarding their achievement can harm nature and

mankind. We should take care of all the creatures keeping our needs aside.

KEYWORDS:- Civilization, Radiation, Navigation, Boundation, Scalability.

WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

SJIF Impact Factor 7.632

Volume 9, Issue 8, 683-703 Review Article ISSN 2278 – 4357

Article Received on

27 May 2020,

Revised on 17 June 2020,

Accepted on 07 July 2020

DOI: 10.20959/wjpps20208-16666

*Corresponding Author

Dr. Tejpal Singh

Chundawat

Department of Applied

Science, The Northcap

University, Sector-23A,

Gurugram-122017, India.


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INTRODUCTION

In 1876, When Graham Bell invented telephone he would have never imagined that his

invention would become a revolution for entire mankind. After that in 1973 great researcher

of Motorola cell phones made the first ever wireless cell phone also known as handie. A

handie is a kind of telephone which one can use any time anywhere as it free of wires. But

these two invention enslave the whole civilization. Cellular phone or mobile phone are now

become like our body part, it is a basic daily need.[1]

In last few decades the technologies

have changed drastically initially telephones, after that cellular handies and now smart

phones are widely accepted by all kind of age groups. According to International

Telecommunication Union (ITU) there are around 8 billion of cell phone users around the

world. In fact, India has about 90 crore cell users.[2,3]

This led to a commercial war among

various telecommunication organisations and cell phone industries. World Economic Forum

(WEF) mentioned that mobile industry got an explosive growth worldwide. Different brand

of cell phone provide different price range with various specifications as per the user’s need.

These cell phones helps in leading life in a convenient way. So, many people accustomed

with use of cell phone more than one than one at a time. Multitasking abilities of cell phones

are widely accepted by all kind of age.[4,5]

Various multinational companies (MNC) are managing to run their business utilizing the

advancement of cell phones. Transportation companies like Ola, Uber, Red bus etc. are

building their business network with help of Google maps (display navigations on smart

phones). Various catering business like swiggy and zomato operate themselves by the use of

cell phones.[6]

Nowadays online shopping is in the trend. Flipkart, Amazon, Ajio, Myntra and

various other shopping applications that are available on our smart phones. Anyone can shop

on them anytime anywhere. Various online payment and money transferring applications are

also available on smart phones which also encourages “Digital India”. Above all social media

has the greatest impact on current with all kinds of age groups. Smart phones do operate with

face book, Instagram, Twitter, WhatsApp and various other so anybody can show their views

on them and build a social relationship with people on same field.[7]

Basic use of smart phone

is to message sending, receiving, videography, dialling and receiving of smart phone and

various other applications.

But, use of cell phone is increasing day by day without considering its disadvantages. Various

studies proved that smart phones comes with some adverse effect of electromagnetic(EM)


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wave radiated from cell phone towers. EM radiation is defined as flow of photons (carrier of

energy) in free space. EM waves are basically of two types (i) ionising em wave & (ii) non

ionising em wave. As a report by Telephone Authority Regularity of India (TARI) about

63.27% of total urban population and rest of 34% of rural population are subscriber of

wireless mode of communication. The civilization both biosphere and mankind effected by

EM rays this give an impact on human health by various thermal and no thermal means.[8,9]

EM radiation is not only affected human being but also for amphibians population. Various

birds, animal, insects and plants are losing their lives by this unseen enemy. So this raises a

question whether this is a blessing or a curse,[10,11]

Various traffic accidents caused by use of smart phones while driving of vehicle or riding of

bikes. This could happen by dialing or receiving of calls. But, in a report has proved that the

most of drivers are not following traffic rules and regulations. In the process of answering,

dialing or just viewing of cell phones are complex visual distraction. Drivers longitudinal

control on their vehicle get away while these happening where as some studies often shows

that drivers can often do self-regularity behaviour to save them distraction and reduce

accident risks such as keeping distance from heavy vehicle, slow down own vehicle or

maintaining speed limit using of cell phone while vehicle is stopped. Although this attitude

leads to self-safety.

Evaluation of cell phone technology

History of wireless communication started in early 1930’s, during the period of second world

war. The use of walkie talkie was started for the communication purposes between soldiers

and their respective headquarters. The transmission of signal at that time was half duplex that

is signal can transmit only one way at a time. This discovery was not occur in modern period.

In 1971, a great success was achieved by the discovery Auto Radio Puhelin (ARP)and then

two researchers of Motorola John F Michael and Martin Cooper discover the cellular phone

in 1973. The transmission of signal by cell phone at that time was full duplex that is signal

can transmit two ways. In the term of functionality and speed wireless communication

technology is a way better than wired technology. Cell phone technology have successfully

raised in last few decades. It shows the basic ideology of cell phone usage between caller and

receiver.


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Figure 1:- Cell phone ideology.

This technology took a far way by the terms of 1G, 2G, 3G and 4G. During the time of 1980

and 1990 the first generation (1G) was developed. It’s bandwidth was based on analogy

system and its speed was 2.4 kbps.[12]

It has the ability to make or receive voice calls. In

1991, Finland launched GSM system and improved in form of second generation (2G)

network and users can send Short Message Service (SMS) and calls as well with speed of 4

kbps. In 2001, Japan begun with pre-commercial Wideband Code Division Multiple Access

(WCDMA) trail. The third generation (3G) comes with a larger bandwidth. Now the quality

of digital voice signal increases drastically.[13,14]

This network gives freedom to subscriber to

do video conferencing and connectivity between internet and television. Now data can handle

multiple time line with speed of 21.6 mbps speed. Now cell phone have turned into a social

tool. In 2015 according to a report there are more than 7 billion cell phone user around the

world. Now the fourth generation (4G) covers a wider range and its frequency range is in

between 2GHz to 8GHz. Speed is about 20 mbps. Now all the reputed companies are

emerging on (fifth generation) 5G technology. Advantages of cell phone and the number of

users increasing day by day. But cell phones come to the world like an unseen enemy because

of its cell phone towers. There are more than 4 lakh tower mounted in India. Majority of

these tower build near schools, colleges, residential areas, hospital and offices. Now a days

population is increasing day by day so the area covered rapidly and due to spacing problem

towers are mounted near water tanks, agriculture field and trees. Range of their height lie


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between 50-200 feet,[15,16]

Cell phone tower emits harmful electromagnetic radiations and

these radiation affect the nature in different ways. In below figure it shows that cell phone has

two types of lobes primary and secondary which throw different intensity of radiation

patterns.

After graham bell and martin cooper contribution to wired and wireless technologies number

of cell phone users increased in billions year by year. As per figure 2 it shows the evaluation

of cell phone users from year 2016-2022.

Figure 2:- Evaluation of smart phone users in India.

Cell Phone tower radiation

(1)Impact on human beings

There is a common misconception is follow among the people that the harmful effects of cell

phone can be cause by dialling or taking of calls but that is totally wrong. Cell phone towers

can emit radiation of low intensity.[17]

Electro smog radiation or EM radiation cannot be feel,

smell or visible. It shows a biological disorder to human after a long time duration. Whenever

human body exposed to this radiation, it absorbs them and human body contains about 70%

of liquid. It create a multiple resonance to the body. So this will lead to various biological

disorders. Cell phone radiation exist quietly for several years.

After a long surveillance of last few decades cell phone tower radiates the blood brain barrier

which is a major leading of cancer. The blood brain selectively allows nutrients to flow blood

to the brain, while it keeps toxic substance out. Blood brains are heavily damage by EM

radiations so this will lead to brain tumours. Various reviewers also claimed that EM


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radiations can cause ear cancers or ear tumours. There is a fact that approximate 10 degree of

temperature of ear lobes increase while using 20 minutes. Its radiation can damage ear from

inside it may lead to ear cancer.

On the other hand irreversible male fertility is also a serious problem. According to American

Society for Reproduction Medicine the male semen quality and mobility of sperms are

discovered. About 30% of sperm generation power is decreased of male who use the cell

phone heavily or directly in touch of cell phone towers.[18]

DNA of sperm break down due to

cell phone radiation and lead to cancer through that mutation. It can further cause some

genetic problem. National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) pointed on the effect on

children and pregnant women. In longer period exposure EM radiation can effect placental

barrier of pregnant women, which use to protect mother’s womb. While children may suffer

from longitudinal abilities and degeneration of their nervous system.[15]

Cell phone uses

various kind of materials such as chromium, cobalt and nickel which can cause various type

of allergies . Nowadays various researchers seeking for the reason behind growing rate of

asthma in children. Yes, it is hard to estimate but according to a report asthma van cause by

EM radiations. As per figure 3 it shows long term exposure of human body to cell phone

tower. This graph is about percentage of respondents to different types of diseases.

Figure 3:- Long term diseases reported by respondents.


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(2) Impact on birds and insects

Various cell phone corporation claimed that there is no such issue or side effects of cell

phone tower radiation regarding biodiversity. No one can feel these radiation neither smell

nor visible until they keep themselves to radiation for a long time. Various species of birds

such as swans, sparrows and pigeons losing their various abilities such as navigation

problem. Due to lack of navigation ability they are unable to locate the location or unable to

judge the situation of landing.

Every year thousands of birds die due to this unseen enemy. Because of their physical

structure and body to mass ratio EM radiation can easily penetrate to their body and harm

them.[21]

In past few decades the population of house sparrows decline only because of EM

radiations. House sparrows have a sensitive skin and feathers, when EM radiation penetrate

inside their skin gets heated faster and the magnetic field affect the natural navigation system.

They have no idea where to move further. There are also some rumours regarding the blind

birds. They die just because of direction misconceptions. Figure 4 symbolizes the effect of

electromagnetic radiations on different species of birds within some period of time.[20]

Figure 4:- Decreases in number of birds from year 2006 to 2017 which is before and

after tower installations.

Not only birds even insects also trapped into this radiation. Honey bees are also affected by

cell phone tower radiation. Various abilities like reproductive capabilities, navigation

strength, honey forming abilities and many more are spell out due to EM radiation. Insects

have their own different role regarding ecosystem, they are also a part of nature. Various


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studies have found that the population of beetles, ants, grass-hoppers etc. is decreasing which

is a major issue.

Under various studies it is claim that number of insects are decreased in impact of

electromagnetic radiation. In figure 5, there are two cases first birth process of honey bee in

normal way and other birth process in EMF exposure.

Figure 5:- Growth rate of honey bee in EMF exposure.

(3) Impact on plants and animals

There are number of studies which shows that cell phone tower has potential to decline

various abilities in animals such as their immune system, nervous system and fertility which

leads to frequent deaths.[22]

As per few researches a huge number of domestic animals like

dogs, cows, buffalos who stays near cell phone towers or base stations suffer from various

kinds of disabilities. Even amphibians are helpless in this situation. Their abilities are

affected because they inhibit near cell phone base stations. Due to their feathers and moist

skin EM radiations can easily penetrate inside their skin. It can destroy their tissues and blood

vessels. It also affect their camouflage abilities. Various commercial pets such as rabbits,

their skin they are highly affected by EM radiations and same goes for rats also.

In Figure 6, shows change in rats brain glioma before and after effects of electromagnetic

radiation.


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Nowadays cell phone towers are spread widely, it expanded to everywhere even though in

agriculture fields, hills and forests as well. Electromagnetic radiations are also hazardous to

plants and crops. A wide range of cell phones are mounted near crop field. Electromagnetic

radiation affect the growth of roots and also affect the germination of seeds. There are also

rumours regarding the growth of coconuts and betel nuts have reduced due to cell phone

towers.[23]

Figure 6:- Change in rats glioma.

Future scope

(1) Fifth generation (5G)

Every invention has its own benefits and it get a new exposure. Such as new technology is

invented to provide more dynamic and efficient features than its previous version.. Wireless

technology gives a faster speed and more efficiency than wired technology. The first wireless

technology was developed in 1973 and after that chain of explosion begin in terms of growth

and development. In 1980 1G was discovered after that its updated version was introduced in

1991 that is 2G. That version provide the benefits of short messages services (SMSs)

included with making and receiving of calls. Japan developed a network with some larger

bandwidth included with videography, hence 3G introduced. 3G symbolizes modern world.

Finally in 2015 4G arrived and it provides a better connectivity and a wider coverage area.

4G has various other applications, as it gives different exposure which is still utilized by


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various MNCs and small business.[4]

It gives a faster data speed and better calls. Due to huge

number of cell phone towers anyone can connect anywhere. Social media and other gaming

applications got a bomb in expansion.

Upcoming generation of phone are designed for some more compatible and specially to

overcome earlier boundations. Now 5G has turn to into new standard of 4G network and

there are assumption that features of 5G will raise the standards of cell phone network and it

will cross all the limitations of 4G LTE. In today’s world cell phone has become smart phone

its duty is not only used for making or receiving calls its exponential growth leads to various

applications. Nowadays cell phones become like our body part like our basic need. Not only

for entertainment purposes or social purposes but it also gives a business exposure too. So,

this lead to expansion of wireless technology with all types features. 5G network has wide

applications which can be used for enterprise networking. Various private organisations like

Samsung electronics in South Korea and Huawei Technology co. ltd. in China they become

first to established 5G programme. A very large set up new spectrum of frequency is done for

allocation of 5G. Each of them have their own journey on the most awaited technology of the

decade. 5G is not only building strength and overall capabilities of a signal but also it can

overcome unacceptable limitations of earlier network and it can make the world smarter than

before. Cell phone technology has taken a far way. It grows year by year in the case of

deployment 1G initialized in 1970 and 5G is expected to be launched in 2020. In terms of

bandwidth it was almost 2kbps but it grow drastically now the expected to have more than

1gbps bandwidth. Technology has also taken a far way same goes for multiplexing point. As

the table shows the change occurs year by year after each decade of time growth, bandwidth,

technology and multiplexing.

Table 1:- Variations in networking.


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Methodology of 5G

Figure7:- Components of 5G.

Small cells: cell phone technology used to have large antenna for data transmission or for

receiver. But mm wave are not able to travel over a large barrier have sometime signal drops.

So we need large number of power cells for longer signal transmission. Each cell can be

placed in place of ten houses approximately over a very long distance. As per the user need

these cells can also be setup in base stations. It also can be switch as per the demand.[23,24]

It

will increase the range of broadcast specially in mega cities. In figure 8, it shows various

smaller cells at various different places in a mega city.

Figure 8:- Smaller cells at different places.


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MIMO: 5G symbolizes high speed so Massive Input Massive Output(MIMO) enables 5G

to get that goal. MIMO is a part of concept based on 5G network connection among the

multiple antennas, transmitters and receivers in both directions of a digital

communication system. Now there are very few antenna for real time experiences. MIMO

can improve the efficiency up to 20 times more than the old frequency or bandwidth.

MIMO basically uses multiplexing technology between antenna to enhance the

transmission rate. As per figure 9,it shows that how MIMO helps for set up of

beamforming at several towers or base stations.[18,25]

Figure 9:- Mimo (Massive input massive output).

Full duplex and Beam forming: Every new technology is come to overcome the

drawbacks of the earlier one. MIMO has some drawbacks like interference between the

signal which brings a new technology beam forming. Beam forming is basically is

scenario of signal transmission in every direction hence traffic of signal takes place.

Beamforming through which direction of data is where user want to send in hence full

duplex appears. Half duplex is a scenario either data transmission or receiving at that

instant of same error occurs due to reciprocity principal. Here silicon transmitter can be

used as a solution purpose.[26,27]

Figure 10 symbolizes beam formations by a source tower

to various appliances.


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Figure 10:- Beam formation.

Need for 5G

5G symbolizes speed so it has downloading or uploading speed is up to 20 times more

than 4G. expected speed of 5G. it has a peak data rate of 300mbps and at an ideal

conditions it can reach 10gbps.

Large broadcasting of data is in gigabit and based on the policy of less error formation so

now this will improve call ability.

5G offers high resolutions and it also provides a better billing interferences. 5G also

offers a better security in various aspects.

It has a connecting speed of 25mbps and it also provide a capacity of automobile

connecting with high resolution.

C-V2X communication technology which was earlier develop for 4G network has a

capacity to make self-drive cars.

Various automobile and factory purposes applications can be done in an efficient way

after arrival of fifth generation network.

(2) Internet of things (IOT)

Today humans are connected with each other in various ways. They can interact with people

via cell phones or they can interact directly. In past few decades handling machines and

devices was a major issue. In 1999, Kevin Ashton discovered Internet Of Things(IOT) to

resolve various problems related to controlling of machines. IOT generally create a huge


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platform for digital resolution of giant network among the connecting devices. Currently

there are more than nine billion of connecting devices are there which is going to be turned in

24 billion in 2020 approximately and cell phones are the best tools to handle those devices.

With the help of cell phone the user get to know the status about instant information of that

device. IOT enables the computer devices to get connected with other devices for sending

and receiving of data.[28]

IOT is highly interconnected with various isolated system(things) to increase many kind of

business exposure and also helpful for government efficiency. As the world grow day by day

the use of IOT and its applications are widely accepted by the world. In the phase of

convenience IOT does numerous of task that is useful in our daily routine and it goes

wirelessly. Along with the rapid growth the use of IOT in military, health care and list of uses

keep going on. To provide a proper shape of smart cities IOT is performing a major role. IOT

has a capability to feature a new kind of platform to resolve the problem of storage with

advancement of cloud computing. Within seconds any organisation can put change in

information with the help of IOT. User have the power to control whatever is connected by

IOT he/she can put message to other user anytime anywhere.[29]

Technical challenges of IOT

Security: However the increase in number of risk information leak and security of IOT

devices by increases in activities of hackers. This issue may give a wrong impression on

the consumer. Some storage problem may avoid by importing a cloud to the server. The

architecture of a cloud have an ability to control the state of information among the

devices as more space between the server may correct the data redundancy problem.

Scalability of network: Scalability is a factor which is require by everyone. It is major

law of environment. IOT scalabilities includes hardware, software, business, marketing

and in network. Scalability is divided into two different forms vertical scalability and

horizontal scalability. In vertical scalability has the ability that increases the ability of

current hardware as well as software by including few more resources to it. It also

provides the processing power to server by adding storage and network interfaces. Since

hardware is widely it can give failure to it. While in horizontal scalability there are

multiple hardware are use which works alone or those hardware considered as a single

unit. It helps in avoid delay data susceptibility and large work can be done in small size.


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Identity management and fault tolerance: there are approx. 8 billion devices are

connected by each other so in that way managing a single identity is a major issue. Fault

in tolerance means there are a huge issue regarding security as devices are hackable and

data can be easily generate. The main reason between these issue are low bandwidth

between internet and devices which are in use and improper knowledge of the user.[30]

Applications of IOT

Figure 11:- IOT applications.

Smart cars: IOT has different and interesting applications like smart cars which are

capable of self-driving and self-parking capabilities, it also provides instant information

to the owner regarding car’s need. It also improves safety on roads as it can detect

obstacles and enables the breaking which reduce the risk and enhance the driving

experiences.

Smart home: Home automation and smart homes are now in trending IOT is spread in

that level of instant it allow the user to access from entering in home to closing of doors o

refrigerators and fans which helps to save electricity. It goes wireless so it makes the life

easier and it create a self-controlling life style. The consumer can access everything via

cell phone. Smart home includes antitheft alarms so that the overall security is raised.

Smart cities: IOT is spread all over the world and it has numerous of examples and smart

cities is one of them. A city full of sensors and microcontrollers may allow the user to

follow rules. It can be use full to maintain garbage, maintain speed of vehicles and list


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just go on. India is looking up to make smart cities and Internet of Things (IOT) may play

a major role in that.

Smart farming: IOT can also be used in agriculture in many ways. Soil moisture

measuring device and irrigation system. It can update regarding the soil properties and

need of water and allow to supply of water in that place where it is needed which reduces

water loss. It can be applied in managing animal husbandry including their health updates

and nutrition requirements. In figure 12 IOT cloud is connected between a sensor device

and resource constrained node which is used by a consumer.

Figure 12:- IOT cloud.

Disadvantages of 5G and IOT on biodiversity

Description of ecosystem: There are numerous species of birds which are affected by

non-ionised microwave radiations. Many researchers claimed that various birds health

issues like reduced in their immune system, locomotion problem, and certain deaths. This

is also affect the life of insects and their decline in population. Microwave radiation

absorbs by plants and rain water by which plants grow and further consumed by various

creatures. 5G will raise these factors with a higher frequency range and increased number

of towers.[5,11,18]

Human health hazards: Rats are most basic animal that define human structure, various

test done on rats to check human health change in rats behaviour will considered as

change in human body. Harmful microwave and em radiations can pernitrate eye lens,


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skin, harmful to heart and can damage immune system. Even tissues of body gets affected

by these radiations. Human health gets weak as it directly affect male fertility and brain.

Fifth generation (5G) technology has a massive frequency range.[29]

New technology

covers a wider area so the overall effect goes longer.

IOT has various technical problem such as security problem, data redundancy, storage

problem and various other data privacy leak problem, but above all there is problem

which is ignore by everybody. May be IOT is getting a huge exposure may be it widely

applicable to make our daily life easy but above all it can harmful to nature because it is

operated via internet. Various electronics gadgets like laptops, tablets and cell phone may

allow the expansion of electromagnetic radiations which directly harm the nature.

Cell phone tower norms

There are more than 6.7 lakhs of cell phone towers mounted in India and tower are building

every hour. Earlier (CDMA) frequency range is 869-894 MHz then (GSM 900) frequency

range is 935-960 MHz and (GSM 1800) carries 1810-1880 MHz of frequency range which

was used by 2G. 3G frequency range lie between 2110-2170 MHz and 2300-2400 MHz in

4G. According to recent reports frequency range of 5G may lie in between 3400-3600 MHz.

As per ICNIRP guidelines of 1998 is power density of cell phones tower is (f/200) where f is

the frequency of signal generated by the tower.

Every country has their own cell phone tower installations norms. In India cell phone are

allowed to have a emission rate of 0.45 watt per square metre which is less than international

standard. Now ministry of environment shows their interest on hazardous effect of cell phone

tower to biodiversity. After a long time has form some new rules for safety of birds, insects,

animals and human being also.

Some rules by indian government

Cell phone tower should be mounted away from public places like schools, colleges,

hospitals and other residential areas approx. 200m.

Sign board or warning board should be place near or entrance of cell phone base stations

so the visitor should be aware of it.

Every tower should emits radiation frequency within its given range allotted by

government of India.


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The service provider will be punished if rules were violated due to any reasons. He/she

may send behind the bars for the time as per law.

CONCLUSION

Biodiversity is an important factor for all kind of ecological services. Conservation of

sustainable use of biodiversity needs a suitable as well as effective solution. It is clear that the

emission of electromagnetic rays harm the society as well as nature. Earlier when telephone

was used, it had its optical fibre cable wire which emits no radiations. Nowadays cell phone

tower radiation acts like a slow prison for all the living beings. In this review the overall

effect of cell phone tower radiation on biodiversity and its peripherals is shown. Various

creatures like birds, amphibians and insects become an easy trap because of their skin,

feathers and body structures. Trees loses its root grip and crops are damaged as a large

number of cell phone tower mounted in agricultural fields. Human beings suffer from various

disorders like losing fertility of sperms, brain tumours, skin cancer etc. Various organisations

provide safety guidelines to minimise the effects EM radiations but it is not accepted by cell

phone networks as it can reduce connectivity of network. Now the future aspects of

technologies like 5G and IOT led to various ecological disturbance. Technology is

significantly satisfying human needs but negative repercussions for biodiversity.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors are thankful to The Northcap University for providing facilities for the research

work.

Disclosure statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content

and writing of the paper.

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EFFECTS OF ADVANCED MOBILE RADIATION ON BIO- DIVERSITY