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Effectiveness of Ergonomic Effectiveness of Ergonomic Evaluations of Computer Evaluations of Computer WorkstationsWorkstations
Carol A. Giles, MPH, CIH
ESH-IH & Safety
Argonne National Laboratory
Argonne, IL [email protected]
The submitted manuscript has been created bythe University of Chicago as Operator ofArgonne National Laboratory (“Argonne”) underContract No. W-31-109-ENG-38 with the U.S.Department of Energy. The U.S. Governmentretains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, apaid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwidelicense in said article to reproduce, preparederivative works, distribute copies to the public,and perform publicly and display publicly, by oron behalf of the Government.
OverviewOverview
GoalsComputer Workstation ConditionsQuestionnaire & Results
GoalsGoals
Effectiveness SatisfactionNeeds Assessment/PrioritizationCost EstimateJustification of Program
Description of ConditionsDescription of Conditions
Most employees use computersWork stations not designed for this Increased use of mouseVariety of equipment, furniture,
interestOptional Computer User Ergo course
How Are Evaluations How Are Evaluations Requested?Requested?
Referrals from Medical Dept.Direct call to ESH-IHSCall to/from their division safety rep.
Nature of the EvaluationsNature of the Evaluations
Most complained of painOver 100 evaluations per yearIncreasing #’s over 7 yearsPhotographs…..
Survey HistorySurvey History
Initial study at ANL by summer intern ‘97-98Intern surveyed 50, found 23 w/problemsIncentive for formal study
Survey ProcedureSurvey Procedure
Survey 2000– Test group of 10– Questionnaire refined
Programming
Survey ProcedureSurvey Procedure
Web-based survey HTMLE-mail notices to previous 3 yrs’
customers, batchesData returned & categorized via
web site
Survey ProcedureSurvey Procedure
Reminder sent to non-respondentsSeveral returns by mail (recovery
mechanism)Several returned after deadline
Survey DataSurvey Data
Addressees: 238Duplicates: 13Total: 225 individual
namesRespondents:135Survey Response rate = 60%
1a. Did you follow the ergonomic 1a. Did you follow the ergonomic recommendations provided recommendations provided (either verbally or in a written report)?(either verbally or in a written report)?
Total answers: 135Yes answers = 134 (99%)
Yes, all (38.5%) 52
Yes, some (60.7%) 82
No, none (0.74%) 1
ESH (133) Your Division (27) Other: Medical or Internet (5)
0102030405060708090
100
Per
cen
tag
e o
f R
esp
on
den
ts1b. Who provided the recommendations to you? 1b. Who provided the recommendations to you?
(Check all that apply)(Check all that apply)
Total answers: 135
98.5%
20.0% 3.7%
2.2. If you implemented the ergonomic recommendations, If you implemented the ergonomic recommendations, did the recommendations help you and how much? did the recommendations help you and how much?
Total answers: 135
Completely (15.5%) 21
Mostly (43%) 58
Somewhat (27.4%) 37
Minimally (4.44%) 6Not at all (2.2%) 3No response (7.4%) 10
3.3. If the recommendations were to purchase or If the recommendations were to purchase or have something moved, did you feel your have something moved, did you feel your division supported these recommendations?division supported these recommendations?
Total answers: 135
Completely (51.1%) 69
Mostly (20%) 27
Somewhat (11.85%) 16
Minimally (3.7%) 5Not at all (3.7%) 5No response (9.63%) 13
4a.4a. What were the recommendations? What were the recommendations? 4b.4b. What changes were actually made? What changes were actually made?
(Check all that apply)(Check all that apply)
Move mousecloser
Keepwrists
up
Raisechair orlower table
Obtainbetter
armrests
Obtainergochair
Obtainphonecradle
Obtainnew
mouse
Obtainmousewrist rest
Obtaincombo
keyboard/mouse
platform
01020
304050
60708090
100
Nu
mb
er o
f R
esp
onse
s
4338
5244
94
74
2920
4033
8 7
2420
38
28 3024
Recommended
Implemented
4a.4a. What were the recommendations? What were the recommendations? 4b.4b. What changes were actually made? What changes were actually made?
(Check all that apply) (Cont)(Check all that apply) (Cont)
Move arm rests
Change lighting
Take short
breaks
Exercises Stress reduction techiques
Attend Computer
User Ergonomics
Course
0102030405060708090
100
Nu
mb
er o
f R
esp
onse
s
34 32
15 15
4941 39
30
1913
34 32
Recommended
Implemented
4c. Can you estimate the cost of the 4c. Can you estimate the cost of the changes made?changes made?
Total Costs: $25,910
38 (29%)
13 (10%)
11 (8%)18 (14%)
24 (18%)
10 (8%)
19 (14%)
$0-25 ($950)
$26-50 ($650)
$51-100 ($1,100)
$101-250 ($4,500)
$251-550 ($13,200)
$551+ ($5,510)
No response
5.5. What tasks or work do you do? What tasks or work do you do? (Check all that apply)(Check all that apply)
Computer Other office Lab Fabrication/industrial
Repair or maintenance
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Num
ber
of R
espo
nses 128
81
193 4
6. What is your average total exposure to 6. What is your average total exposure to computer work in hours per day computer work in hours per day (at work and home)?(at work and home)?
Total answers: 135
1%19%
31%34%
12% 2%1%0.1 to 2 (1%)
2 to 4 (19%)
4.1 to 6 (31%)
6.1 to 8 (34%)
8.1 to 10 (12%)
>10 hrs. (2%)
No response (1%)
7.7. How many hours per week on average, How many hours per week on average, including overtime, do you spend on all including overtime, do you spend on all work-related tasks (at work and home)?work-related tasks (at work and home)?
Total answers: 135
5%7%
10%
26%36%
9%3% 4%
1 to 18 hrs. (5%)
19 to 24 (7%)
25 to 39 (10%)
40 (26%)
41 to 50 (36%)
50.1 to 60 (9%)
60+ hrs. (3%)
No response (4%)
8. What body parts were affected? 8. What body parts were affected? (Check all that apply)(Check all that apply)
Hand Finger Wrist ShoulderElbow Upper back
Head/eyes
Upper arm
Other0
1020304050607080
Num
ber
of R
espo
nses
50
39
7863
23
67
34
18
0
9.9. What were your symptoms? What were your symptoms? (Check all that apply)(Check all that apply)
Pain/Ache Tingling Numbness Weakness Swelling Other0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Num
ber
of R
espo
nses 102 (45%)
47 (21%) 43 (19%)
24 (11%)9 (4%)
10.10. What seemed to be the nature(s) of the What seemed to be the nature(s) of the problem(s)? (Check all that apply)problem(s)? (Check all that apply)
Tab
le
too
high
Lac
k of
fo
rear
m
supp
ort
Lac
k of
lu
mba
r su
ppor
t
Mon
itor
hi
gh
Mou
se
use
Key
boar
d us
e
Tel
epho
ne
use
0102030405060708090
100
Num
ber
of R
espo
nses
51 (21%)43 (18%)
22 (9%) 20 (8%)
67 (27%)
36 (15%)
5 (2%)
11.11. How long did you have the earliest How long did you have the earliest symptoms prior to the evaluation?symptoms prior to the evaluation?
Total answers: 135
Couple of weeks (23.9%)
Couple of months (23.9%)Six months-one year (17.9%)
Over a year (19.4%)
No response (14.9%)
12.Were you satisfied with your ergonomic 12.Were you satisfied with your ergonomic consultation?consultation?
Total answers: 135
44.4%
41.5%
9.6%2.2%0.7%1.5%
Completely (44.4%)
Mostly (41.5%)
Somewhat (9.6%)
Minimally (2.2%)
Not at all (0.7%)
No response (1.5%)
13.13. Do you need to schedule a follow-up visit?Do you need to schedule a follow-up visit?
Total answers: 135
Yes (10.4%)
No (71.1%)
Maybe (14.8%)
No response (3.7%)
ConclusionsConclusions
Effectiveness 86-90%Satisfaction 96-98%Costs of corrections $26,000/3 yrs
=$8,667/yr = $64/respondent
Conclusions--continuedConclusions--continued
Ergonomic evaluations are justifiedPrevention would likely yield more
benefits with less cost
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
Eve Yates & Lisa Reyes, ESH, & Wm. Nowicki--Computer Support
Glarycelis Pabon-Jimenez, former intern
Lori Meisinger, IPD Graphic Arts
Survey participants--ANL employeesNsima ObotESH Division
Computer ResourcesComputer Resources
Software--– Allaire Homesite for HTML– Visual Basic 6– IIS Webserver on NT machine– MS Access with a recovery mechanism