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Effective Observation & Interview Techniques
Conversations about Design
… do you know?… do you not know?… do you (all) have?… do you not know that you do not know?
Problem
PartnerStudent
People with big problems?
Problem
PartnerStudent
People with Expert Knowledge
and Resources.
… is affected by or is affecting the design focus?… do you have access to?… do you not have access to?… do you not know that you need access to?
Problem
PartnerStudent
Problem
Partner
Translator
Student
Problem
Partner/Translator
Translator
StudentOther Stakeholders
Problem
Partner/Translator
Translator
StudentOther Stakeholders
Knows about Stakeholder Setting
Subject Matter Expert
… do you obtain the information you need?… do you approach some challenge with the resources you (all) have?
PartnerStudentOther Stakeholders
Questionnaire
Approach #1: Questionnaire?
Approach #1: Questionnaire?
How many hours a week do you do some form of cardiovascular exercise?
A.) 0 – 1 hourB.) 1 – 2 hoursC.) 2 – 3 hoursD.) More than 3 hours
Approach #1: Questionnaire?
How many hours a week do you do some form of cardiovascular exercise?
A.) Less than 3 hoursB.) 3 – 5 hoursC.) 5 – 7 hoursD.) More than 7 hours
Is It True?
Partner/TranslatorStudentOther Stakeholders
Approach #2: Listen to experts
Partner/TranslatorStudentOther Stakeholders
Create the space to listen: Interview
?
Stages in an Interview
• Greeting, making someone feel comfortable
• Warming up– Asking them something easy related to the issue
• Deep Dive– Asking them more detailed about your issue
• Wrap up– Follow-on questions
• Departure– Contact information for follow up
Partner/TranslatorStudentOther StakeholdersAsk the same
question in multiple ways
Tell me about X? What do others think about X? Why do they think that? If you
do not know about X, tell me about something similar. How would you go
about solving this problem involving X?
Student
Ask multiple people the same question
Tell me about X? What do others think about X? Why do they think that? If you
do not know about X, tell me about something similar. How would you go
about solving this problem involving X?
Knows about Stakeholder Setting
Student
Ask multiple people the same question
Tell me about X? What do others think about X? Why do they think that? If you
do not know about X, tell me about something similar. How would you go
about solving this problem involving X?
Translator
Student
Get connected to your global partners!
Partner
1.) Set up a plan (budget) to call via internet. (e.g., Skype, Google Voice)
2.) Record all conversations with permission from the partner (e.g., Pamela for Skype).
Traveler
Use prototypes to get information.
Partner
Prototype
Oh! I see!
Partner/TranslatorStudentOther Stakeholders
Use the design to develop a relationship.
How is your family? How are you? Tell me about your work. Tell me about the
people you represent. Let me tell you about my family.
Strategies to Create the Space for Listening
Ask the same question in multiple ways
Ask multiple people the same question
Get connected to your global partners!
Elicit information through prototypes when you can.
Use the design to develop a relationship.
Observations
• What are you going to observe?
– Know in advance what your goal is
• Will you impact the phenomena you are observing?
• Have multiple observers
– Share insights and observations
• Record or take notes
• Member check – share observation with stakeholder
Additional Resources
• Stanford D-School
• IDEO Human-Centered Design Toolkit
• EPICS Project Partner Visit Guidelines
