IntroductionInsurgency in west

AfricaCritical infrastructureProtecting critical

infrastructure against insurgency in West Africa

SummaryDiscussion

INTRODUCTION The September 11 2001 attack of the world trade center demonstrated the extent of vulnerability of critical infrastructure, as a result there must be deliberate effort in protecting critical infrastructure which is the main stay of any economy. The owners of critical infrastructure must assess the vulnerabilities and adequately put in place mitigation against any from of aggression or threat.Also there should be deliberate effort through legislations to have a bench mark for the level of protection for critical infrastructure which should also take into account punishment for violators

A sustained upsurge in the frequency of bombing, and kidnapping, attacks and adoptions in the Sahel and north eastern part of Nigeria, Senegal has heightened concern about the activities of insurgency and terrorism in west Africa. These activities of the insurgents are characterised by the following ...

INSURGENCY IN WEST AFRICA

INSURGENCY ACTIVITIESKidnappingBombingsDrug crimeArmed banditryBrutal killing and robbery Social problems (Health )Assaults on roads Foreign aid workers are often

targeted for violence Transport services are typically

severely degraded or non existence (Road and Rails)

Disruption and destruction of private and govt facilities and lawlessness

Al-qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) has vest presence in sahel. (Niger, Mali, Mauritania and Algeria)

Boko haram. Nigeria, Niger, Chad and CameroonMovement for unity and jihad in West Africa

(MUJAO) Ansar Dine - Mali Jama’atul ansarul musimina fi biladis sudan

(ANSARU)Other sleeper militant network Transnational organized crime (TOC)

INSURGENCY GROUPS IN WEST AFRICA

COMBATING INSURGENCY IN NIGERIARequires combination of political settlement and military

solution Separate more moderate religions factions from radical groupsEngage in open public dialogue Social reforms to promote inclusive governance and respect for

majority and minority groupUndertake far reaching socio-political and economic reforms to

achieve equitable power and resource sharing Name, shame and prosecute all those stoking religious

intolerance and or benefiting from the crises Create police force that sees itself as a partner to citizens in

defecting and dealing with threats to public safety and security Launch and sustain a concerted civic education program to halt

politicization of religions aidIncrease effort through educational institutions and the mass

media to increase understanding and appreciation of other religions and promote tolerance and mutual respect

CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTUREDef:- Critical infrastructure provides the foundation for our National Security, Governance, economic vitality and a way of life for every group of people. Furthermore their continued reliability, robustness and resiliency create a sense of confidence and form an important part of our national identity and purpose. It frames our daily lives and enable us to enjoy one of the highest overall standards of living. The facilities, systems and functions that comprise our critical infrastructures are highly sophisticated and complex. They include human, physical and cyber systems that work together in a process that are highly interdependent.

CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE Agriculture and food – farms and food processes Water- reservoirs, waste water facilities' and

Dams Public health- Hospital and Government facilities Defense industrial base Telecommunication Energy- electricity- oil and gas Transportation- (aviation maritime, rail , mass

transit) Banking and finance- insured institutions Chemicals and hazardous material Postal and shipping National monument and icons and Nuclear power plants

PROTECTING CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE Conduct a risk assessmentPolicy Collaboration with stakeholders.Provide buffers in line with

threat.ERP.Conduct inductions, awareness

campaigns and Briefs.Technology (Track personnel,

Use of Bomb detectors etc)Monitor threat drivers and

identify changes Security for Logistics & obey

local laws

COLLABORATION AND RISK RATINGGovernment diplomats (OSAC)Local business (collaboration)Professional organization (control

risk)Industry colleagues (Strategies used

in the past)Media (social media)Personal experienceRisk assessment

PREVENTION OF KIDNAPPING IN HIGH RISK AREAS

REASONo Revolutionary (failed state) o Inequality o Terrorismo Economic deprivation o Corruption o Nationalistic movement o Extremismo Inter-Government conflict Prevention involve 4 basic principles Avoidance Deference Protection Acceptance

Globally over 40,000 cases a year

Over 1000 cases in Nigeria since 2007

Fastest growing criminal industry with average 500m each year

Source of high diplomacy Very prominent in last 20

year Political motivated

SUMMARYProtecting critical infrastructure is vital to the

survival of every organization and the world at large, there are continuous initiatives on going to better secure infrastructure from terrorist attacks, significant concerns remains in all areas since most of the critical infrastructure are in private hand, public-private partnership is essential.

Effective coordination of policies and practices through the ministry of defence is very essential to coordinate the government security forces

Risk management is also a critical tools for determining how to apply scare resources to the challenges of protecting critical infrastructure

DISCUSSION

SECURITY IS A SHARED RESPONSIBILITY